Conestogan.adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɒnᵻˈstəʊɡə/, U.S.

/ˌkɑnəˈstoʊɡə/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, Conestogas.

Forms: 1600s Canastogue, 1700s Canestogo, 1700s–1800s Conestogo, 1700s–1800s Conestogoe, 1700s–1800s Conostoga, 1700s– Conestoga, 1800s Conestogue, 1900s Connestoga.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Conestoga.

Etymology: Originally (with reference to the people) < Susquehannock kanahstó:ke, the name of a settlement, lit. ‘(place) where the house frame (or rafters) are in water’ (now Conestoga , a township in Pennsylvania: see note); in later uses directly < the name of the township of Conestoga. Compare earlier Susquehannock n. and the discussion at that entry.The original place name is attested in an English context as Quanestaqua (1696 or earlier); compare French Gandastogué (1672, also Andastoë), which may reflect the Huron form of the same place name. The later township was founded by European settlers in 1712. Compare also French Andaste denoting the people (18th cent.), shortened < Andastogué, Andastoé (17th cent.) < the Huron name for the people (itself derived < the place name), and (earlier) French †Andastoerrhonons (1635, reflecting a derivative formed in Huron).

A. n.

1. A member of a Northern Iroquoian people formerly inhabiting areas near the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Now historical.The Conestoga are also sometimes referred to as the Susquehannock (Susquehannock n.), in the narrow sense which excludes the Massawomeck of the Wyoming Valley on the north branch of the Susquehanna River.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern America > [noun] > Iroquois peoples

Mangoak1589

Iroquois1609

Susquehannock1612

Huron1648

Mingo1648

Meherrin1650

Iroquoian1687

Conestoga1699

Wyandot1748

neutral1854

1699 Message from Onondaga in E. B. O'Callaghan Documents Colonial Hist. N.-Y. (1854) IV. 579 The English heard you were coming against the Canastogues.

1820 S. Jarvis Disc. Relig. Indian Tribes N. Amer. 12 Dialects of it [sc. Lenapé] are now spoken by the Miamis, the Potawotamies, Missisaugoes, Kickapoos; the Conestogos.., and Chippeways.

1891 J. W. Powell in 7th Ann. Rep. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. 1885–6 78 The Conestoga..occupied the country about the Lower Susquehanna.

1922 G. T. Fleming Hist. Pittsburgh & Environs I. iii. 71 Thomas Chalkley..visited the Conestogas living in Chester county, Pennsylvania.

1959 J. Witthoft in J. Witthoft & W. F. Kinsey Susquehannock Misc. 19 A remnant settled near present Lancaster, Pennysylvania, becoming known as the Conestogas.

2003 Rev. Amer. Hist. 31 209 The Boys..took their vengeance on a group of Conestogas.

2. A breed of medium to heavy draft horse developed in Pennsylvania; a horse of this breed. Now historical. Cf. sense B. 2.Originally developed to pull Conestoga wagons, the Conestoga was never a registered breed and it disappeared when these wagons were no longer used.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > miscellaneous breeds

Frison?a1400

jennet1463

garron1540

Galloway1598

ghoonta1613

Goonhilly1640

forester1712

yabu1753

Highland pony1768

Narragansett pacer1777

Suffolk punch1784

Nubian1790

Cleveland bay1796

cob1818

Conestoga1824

marsh tacky1826

Narragansett1826

Russian pony1829

Clydesdale1831

Turkoman1831

Morgan1841

tarpan1841

Waler1849

Percheron1855

Canuck1860

Anglo-Arabian1864

Anglo-Arab1869

Belgium1878

Palouse1881

standardbred1888

Belgium draught horse1889

saddlebred1891

Timor pony1895

Haflinger1899

Argentine1901

Belgian1907

palomino1914

Appaloosa1924

Trakehner1926

Lipizzaner1928

Tennessee walking horse1938

Bhotia1939

cremello1944

Akhal-Teke1947

Palouse horse1947

Tennessee walker1960

Falabella1977

1824 W. H. Keating Narr. Exped. St. Peter's River I. i. 31 There are several appellations by which the different breeds of this useful animal are distinguished in Pennsylvania, such as the Conestoga.

1834 S. Smith Sel. Lett. Major Jack Downing 190 The best kind of horses—real Conestogas.

1876 Congress. Rec. 4 132/1 The Conestogas respond promptly to the whip.

1905 J. G. Speed Horse in Amer. 120 A more impossible cross than that between a Conestoga and a Thoroughbred could hardly be imagined.

1942 C. Weygandt Plenty of Pennsylvania 83 A tight little Morgan..or a team of great Conestogas.

2007 C. McShane Horse in City 10 Conestogas..varied so widely from animal to animal that the breed name meant almost nothing.

†3. A large coarse boot or shoe. Cf. stogy n. a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > large

seven-league boots1707

seven-leagued boots1747

churn-boot1833

beetle-crusher1860

Conestoga1892

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > heavy or strong shoe

plod shoe1697

rammer1810

clumpera1825

brogan1846

Conestoga1892

brogue shoe1906

1892 Dial. Notes 1 229 Conostogas, brogans.

c1902 S. Clapin New Dict. Americanisms 130 Conestogas, in the West, coarse, rough shoes or boots.

4. A type of large covered wagon originating in Pennsylvania; = Conestoga wagon n. at Compounds. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > covered > large for travelling

Conestoga wagon1717

Conestoga1901

1901 W. Churchill Crisis 356 Open waggons and conestogas, carryalls and buggies.

1961 Guardian 6 Nov. 3/1 In the United States those predecessors of the ‘prairie schooners’, the Conestogas..had postillions.

2003 Reading Teacher 56 507/2 Slate's rhyming story..relates how wagons, possibly Conestogas, were used to haul bells to various locations for hiding.

B. adj.

1. Of, belonging to, or relating to the Conestoga.

ΚΠ

1699 Message from Onondaga in E. B. O'Callaghan Documents Colonial Hist. N.-Y. (1854) IV. 579 The English in Virginia had peace with the Canastogue Indians.

1728 A. Boyer Polit. State Great Brit. Sept. 199 Tawenna, Tanniatchiaro, Taquatarensaly, alias Captain Civility, Chiefs, of the Conestogoe Indians.

1764 W. Johnson Let. 20 Jan. in E. O'Callaghan Documents Colonial Hist. N.-Y. (1856) VII. 602 The late Murder committed on the Friendly Conestoga Indians.

1816 J. Norton Jrnl. (1970) 209 The Five Nations overcame the Conestogue nation.

1866 E. Vetromile Abnakis & their Hist. 144 They allude to the murder of the Conestogo Indians.

1921 Virginia Mag. Hist. & Biogr. 29 415 Sir William Keith..held a conference with the Conestoga Indians.

2000 Jrnl. Amer. Ethnic Hist. 20 77 There is no doubt that racial hatred was a key element in the Conestoga massacre.

2. Designating (a horse of) the Conestoga breed (sense A. 2); of or relating to (a horse of) this breed. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [adjective] > of or like particular breeds

Arabian1588

Arab1718

garronly1740

Shetland1770

Clydesdale1786

Belgian1821

Conestoga1828

Gypsy1856

Anglo-Arab1860

Anglo-Arabian1860

cobby1871

Akhal-Teke1882

criollo1884

saddlebred1891

Lipizzan1948

1828 Sporting Mag. Apr. 395/2 He is originally bred by the Germans in the great valley of the Middle States, and is called there the Conestoga horse, from the Conestoga river.

1844 Congress. Globe May App. 748/2 Mr. Buchanan..could come upon the turf successfully with his celebrated breed of Conestoga dray horses.

1866 C. H. Smith Nat. Hist. Mammalia Horses (Naturalist's Libr.) XX. 250 The Conestoga breed of Pennsylvania,..long in the leg and light in carcase, often rise to seventeen hands at the shoulder.

1912 Publ. Hist. Soc. Schuylkill County 4 428 The merchandise of the several stores of the town was brought..by Ritter's four horse Conestoga team.

1951 Bedford (Pa.) Gaz. 19 June 5 Three Conestoga stallions, one of them the gigantic red roan, Terre de Sienne.

2005 J. H. Dutson Storey's Illustr. Guide 96 Horse Breeds N. Amer. i. ii. 21/1 From the only drawing of a Conestoga Horse known to exist, which was sketched after the horses were gone, they were what today we would call medium to heavy draft horses.

Compounds

Conestoga wagon n. now historical a type of large covered wagon originating in Pennsylvania; cf. Pennsylvania wagon n. at Pennsylvania n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > covered > large for travelling

Conestoga wagon1717

Conestoga1901

1717 J. Logan Acct. 31 Dec. in Papers Lancaster County Hist. Soc. 57 (1953) 114 To James Hendricks of Conestogoe viz. Conestogoe Waggon & Store.

1734 Pennsylvania Gaz. 11 July 3/2 John Hobart..gives this Publick Notice to his Friends and others, that he is now removed to the Sign of the Conestogoe Waggon in Market-Street.

1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 308 The stage coach and ponderous Conestoga wagon rolling over the scientifically built turnpike.

1931 J. T. Adams Epic of Amer. vi. 148 Thousands..crossed the mountains on foot or in Conestoga wagons.

2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons ii. vi. 107 Junius came riding up one morning in a big boat-shaped Conestoga wagon heaped above the gunwales with all his possessions.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	conestoga
释义	Conestogan.adj. Brit. /ˌkɒnᵻˈstəʊɡə/, U.S. /ˌkɑnəˈstoʊɡə/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, Conestogas. Forms: 1600s Canastogue, 1700s Canestogo, 1700s–1800s Conestogo, 1700s–1800s Conestogoe, 1700s–1800s Conostoga, 1700s– Conestoga, 1800s Conestogue, 1900s Connestoga. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Conestoga. Etymology: Originally (with reference to the people) < Susquehannock kanahstó:ke, the name of a settlement, lit. ‘(place) where the house frame (or rafters) are in water’ (now Conestoga , a township in Pennsylvania: see note); in later uses directly < the name of the township of Conestoga. Compare earlier Susquehannock n. and the discussion at that entry.The original place name is attested in an English context as Quanestaqua (1696 or earlier); compare French Gandastogué (1672, also Andastoë), which may reflect the Huron form of the same place name. The later township was founded by European settlers in 1712. Compare also French Andaste denoting the people (18th cent.), shortened < Andastogué, Andastoé (17th cent.) < the Huron name for the people (itself derived < the place name), and (earlier) French †Andastoerrhonons (1635, reflecting a derivative formed in Huron). A. n. 1. A member of a Northern Iroquoian people formerly inhabiting areas near the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Now historical.The Conestoga are also sometimes referred to as the Susquehannock (Susquehannock n.), in the narrow sense which excludes the Massawomeck of the Wyoming Valley on the north branch of the Susquehanna River. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern America > [noun] > Iroquois peoples Mangoak1589 Iroquois1609 Susquehannock1612 Huron1648 Mingo1648 Meherrin1650 Iroquoian1687 Conestoga1699 Wyandot1748 neutral1854 1699 Message from Onondaga in E. B. O'Callaghan Documents Colonial Hist. N.-Y. (1854) IV. 579 The English heard you were coming against the Canastogues. 1820 S. Jarvis Disc. Relig. Indian Tribes N. Amer. 12 Dialects of it [sc. Lenapé] are now spoken by the Miamis, the Potawotamies, Missisaugoes, Kickapoos; the Conestogos.., and Chippeways. 1891 J. W. Powell in 7th Ann. Rep. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. 1885–6 78 The Conestoga..occupied the country about the Lower Susquehanna. 1922 G. T. Fleming Hist. Pittsburgh & Environs I. iii. 71 Thomas Chalkley..visited the Conestogas living in Chester county, Pennsylvania. 1959 J. Witthoft in J. Witthoft & W. F. Kinsey Susquehannock Misc. 19 A remnant settled near present Lancaster, Pennysylvania, becoming known as the Conestogas. 2003 Rev. Amer. Hist. 31 209 The Boys..took their vengeance on a group of Conestogas. 2. A breed of medium to heavy draft horse developed in Pennsylvania; a horse of this breed. Now historical. Cf. sense B. 2.Originally developed to pull Conestoga wagons, the Conestoga was never a registered breed and it disappeared when these wagons were no longer used. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > miscellaneous breeds Frison?a1400 jennet1463 garron1540 Galloway1598 ghoonta1613 Goonhilly1640 forester1712 yabu1753 Highland pony1768 Narragansett pacer1777 Suffolk punch1784 Nubian1790 Cleveland bay1796 cob1818 Conestoga1824 marsh tacky1826 Narragansett1826 Russian pony1829 Clydesdale1831 Turkoman1831 Morgan1841 tarpan1841 Waler1849 Percheron1855 Canuck1860 Anglo-Arabian1864 Anglo-Arab1869 Belgium1878 Palouse1881 standardbred1888 Belgium draught horse1889 saddlebred1891 Timor pony1895 Haflinger1899 Argentine1901 Belgian1907 palomino1914 Appaloosa1924 Trakehner1926 Lipizzaner1928 Tennessee walking horse1938 Bhotia1939 cremello1944 Akhal-Teke1947 Palouse horse1947 Tennessee walker1960 Falabella1977 1824 W. H. Keating Narr. Exped. St. Peter's River I. i. 31 There are several appellations by which the different breeds of this useful animal are distinguished in Pennsylvania, such as the Conestoga. 1834 S. Smith Sel. Lett. Major Jack Downing 190 The best kind of horses—real Conestogas. 1876 Congress. Rec. 4 132/1 The Conestogas respond promptly to the whip. 1905 J. G. Speed Horse in Amer. 120 A more impossible cross than that between a Conestoga and a Thoroughbred could hardly be imagined. 1942 C. Weygandt Plenty of Pennsylvania 83 A tight little Morgan..or a team of great Conestogas. 2007 C. McShane Horse in City 10 Conestogas..varied so widely from animal to animal that the breed name meant almost nothing. †3. A large coarse boot or shoe. Cf. stogy n. a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > large seven-league boots1707 seven-leagued boots1747 churn-boot1833 beetle-crusher1860 Conestoga1892 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > heavy or strong shoe plod shoe1697 rammer1810 clumpera1825 brogan1846 Conestoga1892 brogue shoe1906 1892 Dial. Notes 1 229 Conostogas, brogans. c1902 S. Clapin New Dict. Americanisms 130 Conestogas, in the West, coarse, rough shoes or boots. 4. A type of large covered wagon originating in Pennsylvania; = Conestoga wagon n. at Compounds. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > covered > large for travelling Conestoga wagon1717 Conestoga1901 1901 W. Churchill Crisis 356 Open waggons and conestogas, carryalls and buggies. 1961 Guardian 6 Nov. 3/1 In the United States those predecessors of the ‘prairie schooners’, the Conestogas..had postillions. 2003 Reading Teacher 56 507/2 Slate's rhyming story..relates how wagons, possibly Conestogas, were used to haul bells to various locations for hiding. B. adj. 1. Of, belonging to, or relating to the Conestoga. ΚΠ 1699 Message from Onondaga in E. B. O'Callaghan Documents Colonial Hist. N.-Y. (1854) IV. 579 The English in Virginia had peace with the Canastogue Indians. 1728 A. Boyer Polit. State Great Brit. Sept. 199 Tawenna, Tanniatchiaro, Taquatarensaly, alias Captain Civility, Chiefs, of the Conestogoe Indians. 1764 W. Johnson Let. 20 Jan. in E. O'Callaghan Documents Colonial Hist. N.-Y. (1856) VII. 602 The late Murder committed on the Friendly Conestoga Indians. 1816 J. Norton Jrnl. (1970) 209 The Five Nations overcame the Conestogue nation. 1866 E. Vetromile Abnakis & their Hist. 144 They allude to the murder of the Conestogo Indians. 1921 Virginia Mag. Hist. & Biogr. 29 415 Sir William Keith..held a conference with the Conestoga Indians. 2000 Jrnl. Amer. Ethnic Hist. 20 77 There is no doubt that racial hatred was a key element in the Conestoga massacre. 2. Designating (a horse of) the Conestoga breed (sense A. 2); of or relating to (a horse of) this breed. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [adjective] > of or like particular breeds Arabian1588 Arab1718 garronly1740 Shetland1770 Clydesdale1786 Belgian1821 Conestoga1828 Gypsy1856 Anglo-Arab1860 Anglo-Arabian1860 cobby1871 Akhal-Teke1882 criollo1884 saddlebred1891 Lipizzan1948 1828 Sporting Mag. Apr. 395/2 He is originally bred by the Germans in the great valley of the Middle States, and is called there the Conestoga horse, from the Conestoga river. 1844 Congress. Globe May App. 748/2 Mr. Buchanan..could come upon the turf successfully with his celebrated breed of Conestoga dray horses. 1866 C. H. Smith Nat. Hist. Mammalia Horses (Naturalist's Libr.) XX. 250 The Conestoga breed of Pennsylvania,..long in the leg and light in carcase, often rise to seventeen hands at the shoulder. 1912 Publ. Hist. Soc. Schuylkill County 4 428 The merchandise of the several stores of the town was brought..by Ritter's four horse Conestoga team. 1951 Bedford (Pa.) Gaz. 19 June 5 Three Conestoga stallions, one of them the gigantic red roan, Terre de Sienne. 2005 J. H. Dutson Storey's Illustr. Guide 96 Horse Breeds N. Amer. i. ii. 21/1 From the only drawing of a Conestoga Horse known to exist, which was sketched after the horses were gone, they were what today we would call medium to heavy draft horses. Compounds Conestoga wagon n. now historical a type of large covered wagon originating in Pennsylvania; cf. Pennsylvania wagon n. at Pennsylvania n. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > covered > large for travelling Conestoga wagon1717 Conestoga1901 1717 J. Logan Acct. 31 Dec. in Papers Lancaster County Hist. Soc. 57 (1953) 114 To James Hendricks of Conestogoe viz. Conestogoe Waggon & Store. 1734 Pennsylvania Gaz. 11 July 3/2 John Hobart..gives this Publick Notice to his Friends and others, that he is now removed to the Sign of the Conestogoe Waggon in Market-Street. 1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 308 The stage coach and ponderous Conestoga wagon rolling over the scientifically built turnpike. 1931 J. T. Adams Epic of Amer. vi. 148 Thousands..crossed the mountains on foot or in Conestoga wagons. 2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons ii. vi. 107 Junius came riding up one morning in a big boat-shaped Conestoga wagon heaped above the gunwales with all his possessions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1699
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