concentration campn.

Brit.

/ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn kamp/,

/ˌkɒnsɛnˈtreɪʃn kamp/, U.S.

/ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃ(ə)n ˌkæmp/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: concentration n., camp n.²

Etymology: < concentration n. + camp n.²In use in sense 2 with reference to the Third Reich after German Konzentrationslager (1933 in this sense; 1920 with reference to hypothetical camps in Germany), itself after English. No contemporary evidence appears to exist for use of either Spanish campo de concentración or Afrikaans konsentrasiekamp (1918 and 1921, respectively; both after English) with reference to the Cuban war of independence or the Boer War. With use with reference to the Cuban war of independence compare reconcentrado n., concentrado n.

Originally U.S.

1. Military (originally and chiefly U.S.). A camp for the concentration and temporary accommodation of large numbers of troops awaiting active service (see concentration n. 2b). Now rare (historical in later use).In quot. 1863 showing earlier use of Camp Concentration as the name of such a place.

ΚΠ

1863 Indianapolis (Indiana) Daily Jrnl. 30 Mar. The next morning at one o'clock we were at Louisville, Kentucky, went into Camp Concentration, where, in the course of two days, the regiment was concentrated.]

1897 Elkhart (Indiana) Weekly Truth 12 May Major-Gen. Sewell has been assigned to a command in the concentration camp near Washington.

1898 Glasgow Herald 16 Sept. 7/6 The grand rendezvous, or concentration camp,..is pitched on a stretch of grassy land on the west bank of the Nile.

1929 J. Parker Old Army xv. 435 My friend, Lieutenant Kelly, who was killed at our concentration camp at San Antonio in 1911.

1962 E. Risch Quartermaster Support of Army xiv. 612 Quartermaster General Sharpe recommended, on 20 June 1917, that ports of embarkation be established at New York, Newport News, [etc.]... He further recommended the establishment of a concentration camp at the New York port.

a. A camp in which large numbers of people, esp. political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities, are deliberately imprisoned in a relatively small area with inadequate facilities, sometimes to provide forced labour or to await mass execution.The term was first used during the Cuban war of independence (1895–8) to denote camps in which rural Cubans (and others) were interned by the Spanish military authorities, and was subsequently used of the camps instituted by Lord Kitchener during the Boer War (1899–1902). Concentration camp is now most strongly associated with the several hundred camps established by the Nazis in Germany and occupied Europe from 1933 to 1945, among the most infamous being Dachau, Belsen, and Auschwitz.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] > place of confinement > concentration camp

concentrado1897

concentration camp1897

1897 Orleans (Indiana) Progress 20 May American citizens must not be starved or otherwise executed in Spanish concentration camps in Cuba.

1901 Parl. Deb. 4th Ser. 90 180 The policy of placing the women and children confined in the concentration camps in South Africa, whose husbands and fathers are in the field, on reduced rations.

1927 C. Chapman Hist. Cuban Republic iv. 81 All Cubans (men, women, and children) were ordered to move into garrisoned Spanish towns or concentration camps.

1934 Ann. Reg. 1933 173 Germany..For dealing with the masses of prisoners special concentration camps were opened.

1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood iii. i. 234 The White Paper of Nazi atrocities in the concentration camps and elsewhere.

1941 Manch. Guardian Weekly 31 Jan. 82 They make raids on Jewish families and demand contributions, with the threat that refusal to comply will mean the concentration camp.

1945 M. K. Doherty Let. 16 July in J. Cornell & R. L. Russell Lett. from Belsen (2000) iii. 36 Within a stone's throw of the unutterable squalor and filth of the concentration camp..were the magnificent quarters provided for units of the German Army.

1953 D. Whipple Someone at Distance iv. 43 The war had appalled her. After the bombing, the gas-chambers, the concentration camps, how could life be the same again?

1969 Russ. Rev. 28 453 He was arrested and sent to a concentration camp, where he remained until the end of 1956, when..he was allowed to return to Moscow.

1977 J. Weeks Coming Out xvi. 191 The pink triangle (commemorating homosexual victims of the Nazi concentration camps).

1995 Newsweek 31 July 23/2 Press revelations that the Serbs are running concentration camps for ‘ethnically cleansed’ Bosnians.

2000 P. Thompson Voice of Past (ed. 3) iii. 95 The story of the concentration camps, whether told by survivors, or collaborators, or the children of victims, still proves exceptionally harrowing.

b. figurative. Something likened to a concentration camp, esp. in being a place of oppression, suffering, and inhumanity.

ΚΠ

1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! i. 52 The purely fashionable change in the tastes of the concentration camp of intellectuals to whom Diaghileff played up.

1946 G. B. Shaw Geneva Pref. 24 Their attempts at education and schooling end generally in boy farms and concentration camps with flogging blocks.

1968 S. Yurick Bag ix. 390 The hippie community came out against any kind of urban renewal at all... It was part of a plan to plasticize and supermarket and package America into a cancerized concentration camp.

1991 Animals' Agenda Mar. 3/1 People who began by rescuing strays and wound up with a concentration camp full of diseased, starving, dying animals.

Compounds

General attributive (in sense 2) with the sense ‘of, belonging to, or reminiscent of a concentration camp or its inmates’.

ΚΠ

1901 Nation 11 July 23/3 The concentration camp horrors.

1915 Vital Issue 20 Mar. 11/2 At last we are able to understand why the American investigators are finding the concentration camp conditions ‘all right’.

1933 Brandon (Manitoba) Daily Sun 16 Dec. 8 He [sc. Goering] has ordered a mass liberation of ‘concentration camp inmates’.

1946 Life 20 May 30 d (caption) A former concentration-camp guard at Ravensbrück smirks.

1959 J. Braine Vodi v. 76 He caught sight of his own arms, reduced almost to concentration-camp dimensions, the veins blue and obscenely swollen against the white skin.

1978 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 50 145 The pro-Boerism..emerged after the Khaki elections as he became aware of the concentration-camp scandals.

1988 J. Masson Against Therapy (1990) 43 A Freudian analyst..told me that he found it unbearable to treat concentration-camp survivors.

1998 Sunday Tel. 25 Jan. 1/6 Millions of chickens and pigs are kept in concentration-camp conditions that would have made the Nazis vomit.

2002 M. A. Collins Dark Angel: Before Dawn i. 3 Brunette locks shaved down to a severe concentration-camp buzz cut.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	concentration camp
释义	concentration campn. Brit. /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn kamp/, /ˌkɒnsɛnˈtreɪʃn kamp/, U.S. /ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃ(ə)n ˌkæmp/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: concentration n., camp n.² Etymology: < concentration n. + camp n.²In use in sense 2 with reference to the Third Reich after German Konzentrationslager (1933 in this sense; 1920 with reference to hypothetical camps in Germany), itself after English. No contemporary evidence appears to exist for use of either Spanish campo de concentración or Afrikaans konsentrasiekamp (1918 and 1921, respectively; both after English) with reference to the Cuban war of independence or the Boer War. With use with reference to the Cuban war of independence compare reconcentrado n., concentrado n. Originally U.S. 1. Military (originally and chiefly U.S.). A camp for the concentration and temporary accommodation of large numbers of troops awaiting active service (see concentration n. 2b). Now rare (historical in later use).In quot. 1863 showing earlier use of Camp Concentration as the name of such a place. ΚΠ 1863 Indianapolis (Indiana) Daily Jrnl. 30 Mar. The next morning at one o'clock we were at Louisville, Kentucky, went into Camp Concentration, where, in the course of two days, the regiment was concentrated.] 1897 Elkhart (Indiana) Weekly Truth 12 May Major-Gen. Sewell has been assigned to a command in the concentration camp near Washington. 1898 Glasgow Herald 16 Sept. 7/6 The grand rendezvous, or concentration camp,..is pitched on a stretch of grassy land on the west bank of the Nile. 1929 J. Parker Old Army xv. 435 My friend, Lieutenant Kelly, who was killed at our concentration camp at San Antonio in 1911. 1962 E. Risch Quartermaster Support of Army xiv. 612 Quartermaster General Sharpe recommended, on 20 June 1917, that ports of embarkation be established at New York, Newport News, [etc.]... He further recommended the establishment of a concentration camp at the New York port. 2. a. A camp in which large numbers of people, esp. political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities, are deliberately imprisoned in a relatively small area with inadequate facilities, sometimes to provide forced labour or to await mass execution.The term was first used during the Cuban war of independence (1895–8) to denote camps in which rural Cubans (and others) were interned by the Spanish military authorities, and was subsequently used of the camps instituted by Lord Kitchener during the Boer War (1899–1902). Concentration camp is now most strongly associated with the several hundred camps established by the Nazis in Germany and occupied Europe from 1933 to 1945, among the most infamous being Dachau, Belsen, and Auschwitz. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] > place of confinement > concentration camp concentrado1897 concentration camp1897 1897 Orleans (Indiana) Progress 20 May American citizens must not be starved or otherwise executed in Spanish concentration camps in Cuba. 1901 Parl. Deb. 4th Ser. 90 180 The policy of placing the women and children confined in the concentration camps in South Africa, whose husbands and fathers are in the field, on reduced rations. 1927 C. Chapman Hist. Cuban Republic iv. 81 All Cubans (men, women, and children) were ordered to move into garrisoned Spanish towns or concentration camps. 1934 Ann. Reg. 1933 173 Germany..For dealing with the masses of prisoners special concentration camps were opened. 1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood iii. i. 234 The White Paper of Nazi atrocities in the concentration camps and elsewhere. 1941 Manch. Guardian Weekly 31 Jan. 82 They make raids on Jewish families and demand contributions, with the threat that refusal to comply will mean the concentration camp. 1945 M. K. Doherty Let. 16 July in J. Cornell & R. L. Russell Lett. from Belsen (2000) iii. 36 Within a stone's throw of the unutterable squalor and filth of the concentration camp..were the magnificent quarters provided for units of the German Army. 1953 D. Whipple Someone at Distance iv. 43 The war had appalled her. After the bombing, the gas-chambers, the concentration camps, how could life be the same again? 1969 Russ. Rev. 28 453 He was arrested and sent to a concentration camp, where he remained until the end of 1956, when..he was allowed to return to Moscow. 1977 J. Weeks Coming Out xvi. 191 The pink triangle (commemorating homosexual victims of the Nazi concentration camps). 1995 Newsweek 31 July 23/2 Press revelations that the Serbs are running concentration camps for ‘ethnically cleansed’ Bosnians. 2000 P. Thompson Voice of Past (ed. 3) iii. 95 The story of the concentration camps, whether told by survivors, or collaborators, or the children of victims, still proves exceptionally harrowing. b. figurative. Something likened to a concentration camp, esp. in being a place of oppression, suffering, and inhumanity. ΚΠ 1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! i. 52 The purely fashionable change in the tastes of the concentration camp of intellectuals to whom Diaghileff played up. 1946 G. B. Shaw Geneva Pref. 24 Their attempts at education and schooling end generally in boy farms and concentration camps with flogging blocks. 1968 S. Yurick Bag ix. 390 The hippie community came out against any kind of urban renewal at all... It was part of a plan to plasticize and supermarket and package America into a cancerized concentration camp. 1991 Animals' Agenda Mar. 3/1 People who began by rescuing strays and wound up with a concentration camp full of diseased, starving, dying animals. Compounds General attributive (in sense 2) with the sense ‘of, belonging to, or reminiscent of a concentration camp or its inmates’. ΚΠ 1901 Nation 11 July 23/3 The concentration camp horrors. 1915 Vital Issue 20 Mar. 11/2 At last we are able to understand why the American investigators are finding the concentration camp conditions ‘all right’. 1933 Brandon (Manitoba) Daily Sun 16 Dec. 8 He [sc. Goering] has ordered a mass liberation of ‘concentration camp inmates’. 1946 Life 20 May 30 d (caption) A former concentration-camp guard at Ravensbrück smirks. 1959 J. Braine Vodi v. 76 He caught sight of his own arms, reduced almost to concentration-camp dimensions, the veins blue and obscenely swollen against the white skin. 1978 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 50 145 The pro-Boerism..emerged after the Khaki elections as he became aware of the concentration-camp scandals. 1988 J. Masson Against Therapy (1990) 43 A Freudian analyst..told me that he found it unbearable to treat concentration-camp survivors. 1998 Sunday Tel. 25 Jan. 1/6 Millions of chickens and pigs are kept in concentration-camp conditions that would have made the Nazis vomit. 2002 M. A. Collins Dark Angel: Before Dawn i. 3 Brunette locks shaved down to a severe concentration-camp buzz cut. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1897
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