contradictionn.

/kɒntrəˈdɪkʃən/

Forms: Middle English contradiccioun, Middle English contradiccion(e, contradyctyon, contradixion, 1500s contradyccyon, contradiccyon, contradictioun, contradictione, Middle English– contradiction.

Etymology: < French contradiction, -dicciun, -dicion (12th cent. in Littré), < Latin contrādictiōn-em , noun of action from contrādīcĕre to contradict v.

1. The action of speaking against or in opposition to (an action, proposal, etc.); gainsaying; opposition.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > [noun]

withsaying?c1225

withsawa1250

gain-sawa1300

withsayc1315

again-sayingc1350

contradictionc1382

again-sawa1400

contraryinga1450

against-sayingc1450

againsay1484

saying-againa1500

controversion1548

countersaying1581

gain-speaking1583

contradict1606

obloquity1624

counter-speech1647

contrariation1651

crossing1692

c1382 J. Wyclif Psalms liv. 10 [lv. 9] I saȝ wickidnesse and contradiccioun [1388 aȝenseiyng] in the cite.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. kvj/1 Al the people of that contre..without contradyctyon came and yelded them.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 20 Romulus..come..on his toun, and tuke the sammin, with small contradictioun.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Heb. xii. 3 Thinke diligently vpon him which sustained of sinners such contradiction against himself.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. iii. 123 His faire demaunds, Shall be accomplisht without contradiction .

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iv. 79 The Saxon Kings in all ages bestowed Bishopricks without any contradiction.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 264. ⁋1 There are those who pursue their own Way out of a Sourness and Spirit of Contradiction.

1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 324 This rule should be extended, in contradiction to the intention of the testator.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §32. 118 It could only be by continual constraint and contradiction of his impulses.

2. The action of contradicting or declaring to be untrue or erroneous; affirming the contrary; assertion of the direct opposite; denial.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun]

andsechOE

nitea1400

nyingc1429

naying1430

negationc1450

contradiction1526

deny1535

nay-saying1535

deniance1548

denial1576

infringement1593

nay-saya1598

negativing1777

denying1785

denegation1831

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > opposite or contradictory proposition(s) > the opposition in

contrariety1553

subcontrariety1613

contradiction1794

contrary opposition1849

sublationa1856

contradictory opposition1887

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. MMMv^v The enuiouse and irouse person maketh sore contradiction & replyeth.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 175 Libertie of overthwarting in language and unseemely contradiction.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. vii. 35 Without contradiction I haue heard that.

1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 24 Some are so possess'd with the spirit of contradiction.

1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 167 Impatience at contradiction.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xiv. 304 He cites Ebel, Hugi, Agassiz..and places them in open contradiction to each other.

3. A statement that contradicts or denies the truth or correctness of another.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun] > that which

contrary1555

contradiction1725

1725 I. Watts Logick ii. iii. vi. 328 Truth is lost in the Noise and Tumult of reciprocal Contradictions.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) IV. 179 Almost a contradiction of what is said by Moor.

1893 N.E.D. at Contradiction Mod. It contains an official contradiction of the recent rumours.

a. A state or condition of opposition in things compared; variance; inconsistency, contrariety.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > [noun] > inconsistency or contradiction

repugnancec1443

contrariety1483

repugnancya1500

inconstance1529

contrariosity1540

inconstancy1565

contradictiona1571

disconformity1572

inconsistence1643

inconsistentness1647

inconsistibility1650

inconsistency1651

a1571 W. Haddon in A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. (1576) 418 But the authoritie of Cicero..is at contradiction with this barbarous opinion.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxviii. 185 One must needes erre if there be any contradiction betweene them.

1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit v. 45 The manifest contradiction between these two accounts, hardly needs to be pointed out.

1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend 19 Oct. 159 Angry contumelies..in contradiction with each other.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola (1878) 319 The contradiction between men's lives and their professed beliefs had pressed upon him.

b. Logical inconsistency or incongruity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > lack of reasoning, illogicality > [noun] > incongruity, inconsistency

inconveniencec1460

contradiction1613

inconveniency1662

contradictiousness1664

contradictedness1670

inconsequentness1727

contradictoriness1733

inconsequence1817

contradictiveness1829

inconsequentism1829

inconsequentiality1832

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > [noun] > inconsistency or contradiction > logical

contradiction1613

1613 J. Salkeld Treat. Angels 235 Such is the omnipotence of God, that..it can effectuate whatsoever implyeth not contradiction.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. vi. 215 There appears no contradiction that there should be such.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iv. §26 Unless a real Non-relative or Absolute be postulated, the Relative itself becomes absolute; and so brings the argument to a contradiction.

c. Logic. One of the four kinds of Opposition (contradiction, contrariety, sub-contrariety, sub-alternation): see quot. 1864². principle (or law) of contradiction: the axiom that ‘a thing cannot be and not be at the same time’ or ‘that nothing can have at the same time and at the same place contradictory and inconsistent qualities’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > opposite or contradictory proposition(s)

contradictionc1400

contradictoryc1400

repugnantc1475

contradictory propositions1605

contrary1656

opposite1656

subcontrary1657

contrary propositions1739

principle (or law) of contradiction1850

contrapositive1870

contradictory terms1887

contrary terms1887

antilogism1902

1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (1874) iii. i. 278.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxxviii. 368 The highest of all logical laws.. is what is called the principle of Contradiction, or more correctly the principle of Non-Contradiction. It is this:—A thing cannot be and not be at the same time.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iii. 49 Here we have the well-known Law of Contradiction.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic vi. 162 There are four sorts of Opposition. The first and most perfect of these is that of Contradiction, which exists between two Judgments which differ from each other both in Quantity and Quality.

a. A statement containing propositions one of which denies or is logically at variance with the other; also a contradictory proposition.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > opposite or contradictory proposition(s)

contradictionc1400

contradictoryc1400

repugnantc1475

contradictory propositions1605

contrary1656

opposite1656

subcontrary1657

contrary propositions1739

principle (or law) of contradiction1850

contrapositive1870

contradictory terms1887

contrary terms1887

antilogism1902

c1400 Test. Love (1560) ii. 284 b/1 Understanden well these termes, and look no contradiction thou graunt.

1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. i. f. 2^v As though the naturall facultie of reason were an art of reasoning, which is contrarie to all reason, and includeth in it selfe a manifest contradiction.

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 175 A Contradiction is when the same Axiome is affirmed, and denyed.

1648 R. Fanshawe tr. B. Guarini Pastor Fido 186 That man that utters contradictions must Speak one untruth.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. xii. 58 Both parts of a contradiction cannot possibly be true.

c1705 G. Berkeley Commonplace Bk. in A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley (1871) 467 Contradictions cannot be both true.

1858 H. L. Mansel Bampton Lect. (ed. 4) ii. 39 The conception of the Absolute and Infinite..appears encompassed with contradictions.

b. A statement or phrase which is self-contradictory on the face of it: more fully a contradiction in terms.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > lack of reasoning, illogicality > [noun] > contradiction

self-contradiction1606

antilogy1614

bull1640

antiloquy1656

contradiction1795

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 799 Can he make deathless Death? that were to make Strange contradiction, which to God himself Impossible is held.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 258 Contradictions become elegance and propriety of language, for a thing may be excessively moderate, vastly little, monstrous pretty, wondrous common, prodigious natural, or devilish godly.]

1795 T. Meek Sophistry Detected 11 He grants the possibility of a revelation, but he is not aware that his ideas of language make it absolutely impossible, which is a contradiction in terms.

1856 J. F. Ferrier Inst. Metaphysic (ed. 2) iv. xvi. 135 Why is a two-sided triangle a contradiction?

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iii. §19 A state later than the last, which is a contradiction.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 9 A virtuous tyrant is a contradiction in terms.

6. A contradictory act, fact, or condition; an inconsistency.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > [noun] > inconsistency or contradiction > an instance of being inconsistent

discrepancy1583

contradiction1608

inconsistency1647

inconsistent1652

inconsistence1655

counter-example1809

disconnect1982

1608 Bp. J. Hall Epist. II. iii. v. 61 Alas, how full are you of contradictions to your selfe! how full of contrarie purposes!

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 393 The only Contradiction to this is too great Heat and Thirst.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 178. ⁋3 An attempt to make contradictions consistent.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits v. 98 England subsists by antagonisms and contradictions.

7. A person made up of contradictory qualities.

ΚΠ

1735 A. Pope Of Char. of Women 15 And yet believe me, good as well as ill, Woman's at best a Contradiction still.

Phrases

† contradiction in the adject [after post-classical Latin contradictio in adiecto (1591 or earlier)] : the fact of there being a contradictory adjective; a paradox. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1654 J. Reading Antidote against Anabaptism 3 As for that which you say—They have so great excuse on their side, that their error is not—vincible, seems a contradiction in the adject; who believes any error to be invincible.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 154 Doth it not implie a contradiction in the Adject, that man should make a right use of his natural abilities or prepare himself for the reception of supernatural grace?

1683 J. Fitzwilliam Serm. Cotenham 26 A devout stirrer up of Sedition, a religious Incendiary, a godly Rebel, on one hand; and an atheistical Royallist, a dissolute Leige-man, a wicked good Subject on the other, are contradictions in the adject.

Compounds

contradiction-trap n.

ΚΠ

1744 W. Warburton Remarks Occas. Refl. 137 He has catched me in his Contradiction-Trap.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	contradiction
释义	contradictionn. /kɒntrəˈdɪkʃən/ Forms: Middle English contradiccioun, Middle English contradiccion(e, contradyctyon, contradixion, 1500s contradyccyon, contradiccyon, contradictioun, contradictione, Middle English– contradiction. Etymology: < French contradiction, -dicciun, -dicion (12th cent. in Littré), < Latin contrādictiōn-em , noun of action from contrādīcĕre to contradict v. 1. The action of speaking against or in opposition to (an action, proposal, etc.); gainsaying; opposition. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > [noun] withsaying?c1225 withsawa1250 gain-sawa1300 withsayc1315 again-sayingc1350 contradictionc1382 again-sawa1400 contraryinga1450 against-sayingc1450 againsay1484 saying-againa1500 controversion1548 countersaying1581 gain-speaking1583 contradict1606 obloquity1624 counter-speech1647 contrariation1651 crossing1692 c1382 J. Wyclif Psalms liv. 10 [lv. 9] I saȝ wickidnesse and contradiccioun [1388 aȝenseiyng] in the cite. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. kvj/1 Al the people of that contre..without contradyctyon came and yelded them. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 20 Romulus..come..on his toun, and tuke the sammin, with small contradictioun. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Heb. xii. 3 Thinke diligently vpon him which sustained of sinners such contradiction against himself. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. iii. 123 His faire demaunds, Shall be accomplisht without contradiction . View more context for this quotation 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iv. 79 The Saxon Kings in all ages bestowed Bishopricks without any contradiction. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 264. ⁋1 There are those who pursue their own Way out of a Sourness and Spirit of Contradiction. 1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 324 This rule should be extended, in contradiction to the intention of the testator. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §32. 118 It could only be by continual constraint and contradiction of his impulses. 2. The action of contradicting or declaring to be untrue or erroneous; affirming the contrary; assertion of the direct opposite; denial. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun] andsechOE nitea1400 nyingc1429 naying1430 negationc1450 contradiction1526 deny1535 nay-saying1535 deniance1548 denial1576 infringement1593 nay-saya1598 negativing1777 denying1785 denegation1831 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > opposite or contradictory proposition(s) > the opposition in contrariety1553 subcontrariety1613 contradiction1794 contrary opposition1849 sublationa1856 contradictory opposition1887 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. MMMv^v The enuiouse and irouse person maketh sore contradiction & replyeth. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 175 Libertie of overthwarting in language and unseemely contradiction. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. vii. 35 Without contradiction I haue heard that. View more context for this quotation 1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 24 Some are so possess'd with the spirit of contradiction. 1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 167 Impatience at contradiction. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xiv. 304 He cites Ebel, Hugi, Agassiz..and places them in open contradiction to each other. 3. A statement that contradicts or denies the truth or correctness of another. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun] > that which contrary1555 contradiction1725 1725 I. Watts Logick ii. iii. vi. 328 Truth is lost in the Noise and Tumult of reciprocal Contradictions. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) IV. 179 Almost a contradiction of what is said by Moor. 1893 N.E.D. at Contradiction Mod. It contains an official contradiction of the recent rumours. 4. a. A state or condition of opposition in things compared; variance; inconsistency, contrariety. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > [noun] > inconsistency or contradiction repugnancec1443 contrariety1483 repugnancya1500 inconstance1529 contrariosity1540 inconstancy1565 contradictiona1571 disconformity1572 inconsistence1643 inconsistentness1647 inconsistibility1650 inconsistency1651 a1571 W. Haddon in A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. (1576) 418 But the authoritie of Cicero..is at contradiction with this barbarous opinion. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxviii. 185 One must needes erre if there be any contradiction betweene them. 1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit v. 45 The manifest contradiction between these two accounts, hardly needs to be pointed out. 1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend 19 Oct. 159 Angry contumelies..in contradiction with each other. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola (1878) 319 The contradiction between men's lives and their professed beliefs had pressed upon him. b. Logical inconsistency or incongruity. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > lack of reasoning, illogicality > [noun] > incongruity, inconsistency inconveniencec1460 contradiction1613 inconveniency1662 contradictiousness1664 contradictedness1670 inconsequentness1727 contradictoriness1733 inconsequence1817 contradictiveness1829 inconsequentism1829 inconsequentiality1832 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > [noun] > inconsistency or contradiction > logical contradiction1613 1613 J. Salkeld Treat. Angels 235 Such is the omnipotence of God, that..it can effectuate whatsoever implyeth not contradiction. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. vi. 215 There appears no contradiction that there should be such. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iv. §26 Unless a real Non-relative or Absolute be postulated, the Relative itself becomes absolute; and so brings the argument to a contradiction. c. Logic. One of the four kinds of Opposition (contradiction, contrariety, sub-contrariety, sub-alternation): see quot. 1864². principle (or law) of contradiction: the axiom that ‘a thing cannot be and not be at the same time’ or ‘that nothing can have at the same time and at the same place contradictory and inconsistent qualities’. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > opposite or contradictory proposition(s) contradictionc1400 contradictoryc1400 repugnantc1475 contradictory propositions1605 contrary1656 opposite1656 subcontrary1657 contrary propositions1739 principle (or law) of contradiction1850 contrapositive1870 contradictory terms1887 contrary terms1887 antilogism1902 1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (1874) iii. i. 278. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxxviii. 368 The highest of all logical laws.. is what is called the principle of Contradiction, or more correctly the principle of Non-Contradiction. It is this:—A thing cannot be and not be at the same time. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iii. 49 Here we have the well-known Law of Contradiction. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic vi. 162 There are four sorts of Opposition. The first and most perfect of these is that of Contradiction, which exists between two Judgments which differ from each other both in Quantity and Quality. 5. a. A statement containing propositions one of which denies or is logically at variance with the other; also a contradictory proposition. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > opposite or contradictory proposition(s) contradictionc1400 contradictoryc1400 repugnantc1475 contradictory propositions1605 contrary1656 opposite1656 subcontrary1657 contrary propositions1739 principle (or law) of contradiction1850 contrapositive1870 contradictory terms1887 contrary terms1887 antilogism1902 c1400 Test. Love (1560) ii. 284 b/1 Understanden well these termes, and look no contradiction thou graunt. 1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. i. f. 2^v As though the naturall facultie of reason were an art of reasoning, which is contrarie to all reason, and includeth in it selfe a manifest contradiction. 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 175 A Contradiction is when the same Axiome is affirmed, and denyed. 1648 R. Fanshawe tr. B. Guarini Pastor Fido 186 That man that utters contradictions must Speak one untruth. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. xii. 58 Both parts of a contradiction cannot possibly be true. c1705 G. Berkeley Commonplace Bk. in A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley (1871) 467 Contradictions cannot be both true. 1858 H. L. Mansel Bampton Lect. (ed. 4) ii. 39 The conception of the Absolute and Infinite..appears encompassed with contradictions. b. A statement or phrase which is self-contradictory on the face of it: more fully a contradiction in terms. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > lack of reasoning, illogicality > [noun] > contradiction self-contradiction1606 antilogy1614 bull1640 antiloquy1656 contradiction1795 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 799 Can he make deathless Death? that were to make Strange contradiction, which to God himself Impossible is held. View more context for this quotation a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 258 Contradictions become elegance and propriety of language, for a thing may be excessively moderate, vastly little, monstrous pretty, wondrous common, prodigious natural, or devilish godly.] 1795 T. Meek Sophistry Detected 11 He grants the possibility of a revelation, but he is not aware that his ideas of language make it absolutely impossible, which is a contradiction in terms. 1856 J. F. Ferrier Inst. Metaphysic (ed. 2) iv. xvi. 135 Why is a two-sided triangle a contradiction? 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iii. §19 A state later than the last, which is a contradiction. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 9 A virtuous tyrant is a contradiction in terms. 6. A contradictory act, fact, or condition; an inconsistency. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > [noun] > inconsistency or contradiction > an instance of being inconsistent discrepancy1583 contradiction1608 inconsistency1647 inconsistent1652 inconsistence1655 counter-example1809 disconnect1982 1608 Bp. J. Hall Epist. II. iii. v. 61 Alas, how full are you of contradictions to your selfe! how full of contrarie purposes! 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 393 The only Contradiction to this is too great Heat and Thirst. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 178. ⁋3 An attempt to make contradictions consistent. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits v. 98 England subsists by antagonisms and contradictions. 7. A person made up of contradictory qualities. ΚΠ 1735 A. Pope Of Char. of Women 15 And yet believe me, good as well as ill, Woman's at best a Contradiction still. Phrases † contradiction in the adject [after post-classical Latin contradictio in adiecto (1591 or earlier)] : the fact of there being a contradictory adjective; a paradox. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1654 J. Reading Antidote against Anabaptism 3 As for that which you say—They have so great excuse on their side, that their error is not—vincible, seems a contradiction in the adject; who believes any error to be invincible. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 154 Doth it not implie a contradiction in the Adject, that man should make a right use of his natural abilities or prepare himself for the reception of supernatural grace? 1683 J. Fitzwilliam Serm. Cotenham 26 A devout stirrer up of Sedition, a religious Incendiary, a godly Rebel, on one hand; and an atheistical Royallist, a dissolute Leige-man, a wicked good Subject on the other, are contradictions in the adject. Compounds contradiction-trap n. ΚΠ 1744 W. Warburton Remarks Occas. Refl. 137 He has catched me in his Contradiction-Trap. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1382
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