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单词 complete
释义

completeadj.

Brit. /kəmˈpliːt/, U.S. /kəmˈplit/
Forms: Middle English complet, compleet, 1500s–1600s compleate, 1500s– compleat, Middle English– complete.
Etymology: < Latin complētus, past participle of complēre to fill up, finish, fulfil, < com- intensive prefix + *plēre to fill (compare plēnus full). Compare French complet, complète (in Palsgrave 1530; the earlier Old French word was compli, complie from the Romanic form of the verb complīr(e). About 1600 often accented ˈcomplete, e.g. by Marlowe, Chapman, and Shakespeare.
1.
a. Having all its parts or members; comprising the full number or amount; embracing all the requisite items, details, topics, etc.; entire, full.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective]
fulleOE
plenara1325
perfectc1350
completec1380
heala1399
plenary?a1425
absolute1531
explete1534
well-accomplished1568
quit1583
orbeda1657
orbicular1673
saturate1682
rounded1746
broad-blown1855
plene1867
choate1878
ten tenth1948
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 323 Ech compleet resoun telliþ treuþe þat we shulde trowe.
1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 1st Pt. sig. C7v Their shoulders broad, for complet armour fit.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xix. 31 When one doth waite for an other comming, till the assemblie..be complete.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iv. 33 That thou, dead corse, againe in compleate steele, Reuissets thus.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Macc. iii. 25 It seemed that hee that sate vpon the horse, had complete harnesse of golde. View more context for this quotation
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) vi. 83 A coach..Stately and complete.
1740 S. Johnson Barretier Those, who have received more complete intelligence.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xv. 262 Its information is earliest, completest, and surest.
1871 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) Pref. 24 The preface is complete in itself.
b. Logic and Mathematics. Of a formal logical or mathematical system: such that no new axiom can be added that is independent of the existing axioms and consistent with them, so that every true proposition expressible in the system is deducible as a theorem in it. Opposed to incomplete adj. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adjective] > of a system
complete1932
complex1965
chaotic1974
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [adjective] > terms relating to axiom systems
consistent1902
complete1932
1932 C. I. Lewis & C. H. Langford Symbolic Logic xi. 350 When this occurs, the set obtained is said to be categorical or complete.
1932 C. I. Lewis & C. H. Langford Symbolic Logic xi. 351 A set is complete if, and only if, it determines the truth-value of every function that can be constructed on its base.
1955 A. N. Prior Formal Logic iii. 70 It cannot be said within any system..that that system is ‘complete’, i.e. that its unproved theses and rules suffice to prove all theses within it which are true for all interpretations of their variables.
1979 D. R. Hofstadter Gödel, Escher, Bach (1980) iv. 102 Now the modified pq-system becomes both consistent and complete.
1979 A. Flew Dict. Philos. 65/1 The intuitive idea is that a logical system is complete if it allows one to produce proofs corresponding to all the valid inference forms that can be represented in the language.
1982 W. S. Hatcher Logical Found. Math. i. 33 We are interested..in consistent, complete systems. We now prove that any predicate calculus is a consistent but incomplete (i.e. not complete) theory.
2. Of a period or space of time: That has run its full course, whole. Of action or events in time: Finished, ended, concluded.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective] > complete (of a period of time)
completec1386
the world > action or operation > completing > [adjective] > completed
fullfremedOE
fulfilled1340
accomplished?1526
consummatea1527
perfected1552
consummated1565
fined1571
finished1582
full-summed1588
exact1633
completed1661
teleiotic1705
complete1731
c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 649 The fourthe day compleet fro noon to noon.
c1386 G. Chaucer Nun's Pr. T. 369 Whan þat the Monthe..That highte March..Was compleet.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. xvi. f. ix By ye tyme or space of v. yeres complete.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. i. 28 Ioue let Æneas liue..A thousand compleate courses of the Sunne. View more context for this quotation
1701 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 480 I was this day 81 years old Compleate.
1731 A. Pope Epist. to Earl of Burlington 8 Behold Villario's ten-years Toil compleat.
1879 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. (new ed.) 319 The Moon's nodes perform a complete revolution in nineteen years.
3. Of an action, state, or quality: Realized in its full extent; entire, thorough.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] > of a state, quality, or action
strict1597
complete1645
full bore1967
1645 Ord. Lords & Com., Susp. fr. Sacram. 1 Sincerely to endeavour the compleat establishment of Purity and Unity.
1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 19 A man of compleat stature.
1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. iv. 117 The greatest and best Principles are often illustrated..,by their compleatest Contraries.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxx. 258 Next came the complete inabiity to obtain drink without manufacturing it.
1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. I. 199 One pound of peat requires for complete combustion..from 70 to 134 cubic feet of air.
1873 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (ed. 4) 443 The triumph of the principle..is complete.
4. Perfect in nature or quality; without defect.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > pure or flawless
lutter971
unwemmedc1000
fair?c1225
upright?c1225
purec1300
without lackc1300
completec1380
defaultlessa1425
flush?1550
undefective1599
impeccable1620
indefectivea1641
defectless1651
virginala1659
flawless1659
unflawed1665
indefectuous1685
unblighted1785
immaculate1791
indefectible1833
shadeless1894
flukeless1895
intacta1941
pedicured1988
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 362 Men shulden bi hooli lif of Crist trowe þat his lawe is compleet.
1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. F8 If thou exceed they elder Brothers worth, And shine in compleat vertue more than they.
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 325 The church of S. Maria Florida, which in some mens opinion is the compleatest structure that ever was set upon the earth.
1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 236 The praise had been compleat, had his friend's virtue been equal to his wit.
1878 J. P. Hopps Rel. & Moral Lect. iv. 16 Everything which trains and educates is leading on to that completer kind of life.
5.
a. Of persons: Fully equipped or endowed; perfect, accomplished, consummate; esp. in reference to a particular art or pursuit, as a complete actor, horseman, merchant. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > expert, proficient, or versed
wiseOE
perfectc1350
expertc1374
pertc1390
complete1526
flesh-bred1548
exact1589
proficienta1593
traded1609
well (better, best) verseda1610
made-upa1616
thorough-paceda1628
elementeda1661
peevish1673
adept1698
finished1710
nap1862
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > perfect and complete
accomplisheda1460
complete1526
qualified1592
consummate1603
exact1633
finished1710
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > utter or absolute > of a person or his character
utterc1420
complete1526
entirea1533
throughout1532
in grain?1577
consummate1603
essential1604
perfecta1616
thorough1625
thorough-paceda1628
thoroughbred1701
throughgoing1830
through and through1831
thorough-souled1842
ingrained1851
ingrain1865
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Coloss. ii. 10 Ye are complete in him which is the heed of all rule and power.
1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. v. sig. E5 A compleat villaine, perfect, absolute.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 175 Then maruell not thou great and complet man. View more context for this quotation
1622 H. Peacham (title) The Compleat Gentleman.
1653 Walton (title) The Compleat Angler.
1709 Bp. W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Encomium Moriæ 31 The compleatest actors shall be hissed off the stage.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 86. ¶4 A Knave compleat.
1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 198. ⁋3 The sailor [thought] all that was necessary to make a man complete might be learned on ship-board.
1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall I. 201 He was acknowledged to be..the completest gentleman of his time.
b. Revived in imitation of its 17th-cent. use, as in Walton's The Compleat Angler.
ΚΠ
1900 O. Onions Compl. Bachelor (title) The compleat bachelor.
1953 (title) The compleat imbiber (W. & A. Gilbey, Ltd.).
1963 M. McCarthy Group v. 104 She writes and sings and paints and dances and plays I don't know how many instruments. The compleat girl.
6. Const. with (cf. replete adj.); also in. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1567 J. Conway in G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. To Rdrs. sig. *vii A tongue compleate with spyte.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 71.
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 42 The folly of our Fore-fathers, wherein..this Island was so compleat.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. viii. 371 That neither of them should move upon any Action till they should be both complete in greater Numbers, than either of them had yet marched with.
7. quasi-n. the complete: the full amount (of).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun] > the whole quantity, number, or amount
fullOE
suma1382
universitya1382
your university1385
wholea1393
amountment?a1400
wholenessa1425
hale1437
aggregatec1443
rate1472
total1557
the whole ware1563
lump1576
gross1579
totality1598
universarya1604
general1608
population1612
amount1615
totum1656
totea1772
complete1790
factorial1869
collectivity1882
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 108 The age has not yet the compleat benefit. View more context for this quotation
8. quasi-adv.= completely adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb]
fullyeOE
allesOE
fullOE
rightc1175
everydealc1300
wholec1300
whollya1325
finelyc1330
fairly1340
completec1374
gainlya1375
clearly1377
freelya1393
plaina1393
entire?a1400
entirelyc1400
oddlyc1400
sufficientlyc1440
expressc1475
totally1509
completely1526
finec1530
exactly?1531
sincerely1576
start1599
fillingly1611
circularly1618
solid1651
out-over1745
rotundly1775
roundedly?1802
whole hog1840
clear-away1883
whole cloth1917
righteous1948
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 828 Troylus wel woxen was in heighte, And complet formed by proporcioun.
1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints i. f. 8v Taughte more perfectly and more compleat.
1616 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliad vi, in Whole Wks. Homer 92 All in fire, he burnd him compleat arm'd.
1837–40 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker (1862) 137 They all know me to be an American citizen here, by my talk, for we speak it complete in New England.

Compounds

complete fertilizer n. a fertilizer containing the chief plant nutrients, phosphoric acid, nitrogen, and potash; also elliptical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > chemical fertilizer > specific
manure1744
plaster of Paris1787
superphosphate1843
nitrate1846
super1891
Nitragin1896
complete fertilizer1904
nitrolime1908
Nitrochalk1927
Sequestrene1949
Krilium1952
1904 Webster's Guide on Fertilizers (A. G. Webster & Son, Hobart, Tasmania) 1 We are pleased to state that our sales of Fertilizers show a considerable increase, especially in Mixed Complete Fertilizers.
1953 H. L. Edlin Forester's Handbk. xix. 322 Compound commercial fertilizers, which include balanced amounts of the three major nutrients, namely nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium..are similar to the ‘complete fertilizers’ used in agricultural practice.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 8 Mar. 105/3 The first spring dressing is nitrogen, followed by a complete, with a nitrogen top dressing after nearly every grazing over, and a second application of complete in August.
complete flower n. (a) one which possesses stamens and pistils; (b) one which also possesses the floral envelopes
ΚΠ
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. ix. 92 The first thing you have to see is, whether the flowers are complete or perfect, that is, have both stamens and pistils.
1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 306 A flower furnished with both calyx and corolla is called flos completus, a complete flower.
1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 88 A flower presenting all the [four] whorls is called complete.
complete metamorphosis n. Entomology one in which the pupa is formed like the imago; so complete pupa.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > eggs or young > [noun] > young or development of young > larva > process of metamorphosis
transformation1663
complete metamorphosis1826
metamorphism1866
palingenesis1882
1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxi. 239 The pupæ of this sub~division [Arachnida] were named by Linné Complete from their near resemblance to the imago.
1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. II. §626 As an example of complete metamorphosis..taking the Bombyx mori..the silkworm.
complete pivoting n. pivoting (pivoting n. 3) in which the largest element of the relevant part of the matrix or determinant at each stage is chosen as the pivot
ΚΠ
1961 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 8 282 We derive first an upper bound for R when a general matrix is reduced to triangular form by Gaussian elimination, selecting as pivotal element at each stage the element of maximum modulus in the whole of the remaining square matrix. We refer to this as ‘complete’ pivoting for size, in contrast to the selection of the maximum element in the leading column at each stage, which we call ‘partial’ pivoting for size.
complete polygon n. Geometry a polygon in which lines are drawn connecting each angular vertex with every one of the others
1972 Math. Mag. 49 182 (heading) Triangles in a complete polygon.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. at Polygon Complete polygon.
complete primitive Mathematics a primitive expression forming the general solution of a differential equation, containing arbitrary constants, different values of which give different particular solutions of the equation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > equation
equation1570
cardanic equation1684
binomial equation1814
simultaneous equation1816
characteristic equation1828
characteristic equation1841
characteristic equation1849
intrinsic equation of a curve1849
complete primitive1859
primitive1862
Poisson's equation1873
Jacobi equation1882
formulaic equation1884
adjoint1889
recursion formula1895
characteristic equation1899
characteristic equation1900
Pell equation1910
Lotka–Volterra equations1937
Langevin equation1943
1859 G. Boole Treat. Differential Equations i. 8 The relation among the variables which constitutes the general solution of a differential equation..is also termed its complete primitive.
1920 H. T. H. Piaggio Elem. Treat. Differential Equations vii. 88 An elegant but somewhat artificial method for finding the complete primitive of a linear equation whose complementary function is known.
1957 L. Fox Numerical Solution Two-point Boundary Probl. i. 3 By definition, a numerical solution contains no arbitrary constants, so that we always obtain particular integrals rather than complete primitives.

Draft additions 1997

Mathematics.
a. Of a metric space: such that every Cauchy sequence in the space is convergent within it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > geometric space > [adjective] > of topological space
monoidal1894
metrizable1927
complete1934
triangulable1940
monoidal1943
1934 C. C. Krieger tr. Sierpiński Introd. Gen. Topol. vii. 120 Fréchet calls a space complete when a metric can be established for it such that Cauchy's Theorem is true.
1946 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 60 529 A topological linear space, being a topological group, has a natural uniform structure... Hence one may speak of..whether or not it is complete.
1964 A. P. Robertson & W. Robertson Topological Vector Spaces iii. 63 If S is a separated compact or locally compact space, the space (S), under the topology of compact convergence..,is complete.
b. Of a graph: such that every pair of points is joined by just one edge.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [adjective] > of a graph
reconcilable1873
smoothed1888
linear1910
J-shaped1911
nomographic1915
smooth1929
complete1935
spanning1956
reachable1959
embeddable1961
1935 Compositio Mathematica II. 466 If the number of points is Nm(k,l) then there exists in our graph a complete graph of order l.
1935 Compositio Mathematica II. 466 [Note]. A complete graph is one in which every pair of points is connected.
1972 R. J. Wilson Introd. Graph Theory ii. 16 The complete graph on n vertices is usually denoted by Kn... The reader should check that Kn has exactly ½n(n-1) edges.
1980 Sci. Amer. Mar. 18/2 No matter how the arrowheads are placed on a complete digraph, there will always be a directed path that visits each point just once.
1989 VNR Conc. Encycl. Math. (ed. 2) xxxvi. 689 A complete graph is connected.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

completev.

Brit. /kəmˈpliːt/, U.S. /kəmˈplit/
Forms: Also 1600s–1800s compleat.
Etymology: < complete adj.; compare modern French compléter . Probably having a further association with Latin complēt- participial stem of complēre : see complete adj.
1. transitive. To bring to an end, finish (an action, performance, work, a distance, period of time, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)]
to make an endc893
afilleOE
endc975
fullOE
full-doOE
full-workOE
fullendOE
fullfremeOE
full-forthlOE
fillc1175
fulfilc1300
complec1315
asum1340
full-make1340
performa1382
finisha1400
accomplishc1405
cheve1426
upwindc1440
perfurnish?c1450
sumc1450
perimplish1468
explete?a1475
fullcome1477
consume1483
consomme1489
perimplenish1499
perfect1512
perfinish1523
complete1530
consummate1530
do1549
to run out1553
perfectionate1570
win1573
outwork1590
to bring about1598
exedifya1617
to do up1654
ratifyc1720
ultimate1849
terminate1857
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 491/2 I complete, I fulfyll. Jaccomplis. Who shall complete this worke nowe he is deed?
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 492/1 I complete, I fynisshe or performe a thyng.
1646 Record's Ground of Arts (new ed.) Pref. 9 All which..I have almost compleated to be exhibited to your Highnesse.
1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 56 We..compleated the filling of the Cane to A, and tyed it over fast with a Bladder.
1751 C. Labelye Descr. Westm. Bridge 108 In Case I should be prevented by Death, from compleating this Work.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §6. 407 After completing the circuit of the globe.
2.
a. To make whole or entire, so as to leave nothing wanting.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)] > so as to leave nothing wanting
complete1726
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. iii. 45 Add to these the superior faculty..and you compleat the Idea of Humane Nature.
1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music i. 14 When the sense is compleated.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 10 Plato completes his sketch of the constitution by the appointment of officers.
b. To fill up the number of; to make up the full tale or amount of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)] > complete the full amount of
mete1600
to fill up1611
complete1649
to fill up (also fill full) the measure of1820
1649 J. Denham in R. Brome Lachrymæ Musarum 40 Within these cold embraces ravisht lies That which compleats the Ages Tyrannies.
1737 R. Glover Leonidas i. 214 Three hundred more compleat th'intrepid band.
1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 359/1 [Regiment] The legions of Henry II were never completed to the extent prescribed by the ordonnance.
3.
a. To make perfect; to accomplish; to furnish or equip completely.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)]
complec1315
accomplish1524
consummate1530
sphere?1615
complete1667
exact1669
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 618 That fair femal Troop..Bred onely and completed to the taste Of lustful appetence. View more context for this quotation
1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. Introd. 6 In order to complete the English tradesman in this manner.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) xiii. 492 All that love can do..to complete the man, Perfect him, made imperfect in himself.
b. To give a full title or degree to (a person); to invest fully with a rank or office. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] > admit to office formally or ceremonially
stallc1384
invest1489
induct1548
install1548
inaugur1549
endue1565
investure1566
intitule1576
entitle1587
inaugurate1606
inaugurize1611
complete1650
1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. iii. 5 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) Every Church-man compleated in holy Orders was called Presbyter.
1678 I. Walton Life of Sanderson 4 Mr. Sanderson was compleated Master of Arts.
1732 J. Swift Circumcis. E. Curll in J. Swift Misc. III. ii. 48 He was now compleated a perfect Jew.
4. To accomplish, fulfil (a vow, hope). rare. Cf. completion n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect (a command, promise, plan, etc.)
fillOE
fulfilc1300
performc1300
executec1405
to draw in(to) consequencec1420
forthfillc1420
persolve1548
to go through ——a1586
effecta1593
to fill up1600
complete1680
to carry (something) into effect (also execution, practice, etc.)1715
implement1806
to put into effect1936
1680 T. Otway Orphan ii. 19 Honourable Vows, Which he this day appointed to compleat.
1735 A. Pope Of Use of Riches (rev. ed.) in Ethic Epist. 77 To town he comes, compleats the nation's hope.
1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion ix. 405 Your Country must complete Her glorious destiny. View more context for this quotation

Draft additions 1993

b. Law. In conveyancing: to conclude (the sale or purchase of property) by the exchange of money for the property specified in the contract. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > be transferred [verb (intransitive)] > conclude sale or purchase
complete1794
society > law > transfer of property > transfer [verb (transitive)] > conclude sale or purchase
complete1794
1794 F. W. Sanders J. T. Atkyns's Rep. Cases in Chancery (ed. 3) I. 12/2 The purchase was to be completed on or before the 25th of March, 1793.
1805 E. B. Sugden Law of Vendors & Purchasers of Estates viii. 185 The purchaser was then out of town, and on his return.., wrote, insisting that he would not complete.
1893 Times Law Rep. 10 76/2 The purchase was to be completed on January 1, 1887. If not then completed the purchaser was to pay to the vendor interest on the residue of the purchase money..until completion.
1957 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 804/1 This is executed by the vendor and delivered to his solicitor in escrow (i.e., on condition that it is not to be effective unless the transaction is duly completed).
1971 Reader's Digest Family Guide Law ix. 80/1 If the seller's solicitor suspects..that the buyer is unlikely to complete unless he is forced to, he can serve a ‘notice to complete’ on the buyer.
1987 Daily Tel. 23 Sept. 16/6 Purchasers..are bound to the extent of forfeiture of their deposit if they fail to complete.

Draft additions June 2013

Mathematics. to complete the square: to express a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 in the form aX2 + C = 0, typically in order to solve it; (also) to construct a square with a given line as one side. Also in extended use.The conversion of the equation may be done by making X = x + b/2a, and C = cb2/4a.The expression arises from a geometrical representation of the algebraic process. A square of side x is considered along with two rectangles each of sides x and b/2a. When the two rectangles are placed alongside adjacent faces of the square, it is seen that a small square of side b/2a is need to complete the larger square of side x + b/2a.
ΚΠ
1685 J. Wallis Treat. Algebra xxxii. 134 Whatever the Process be, whether this, by compleating the Square; or that before mentiones..the Result will be still the same.
1702 J. Harris New Short Treat. Algebra 57 Which is the Common Canon for Solving Equations by Compleating the Square.
1728 J. Raphson & S. Cunn tr. I. Newton Universal Arithmetick (ed. 2) 125 Complete the square ABCD, and bisect the Line EF in G.
1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 247 The general method of solving quadratic equations, is by what is called completing the square.
1834 Treat. Pact. Geom. (Commissioners of National Educ., Ireland) 15 With the radius A B and C B, describe two arcs cutting each other at D; join D A and D C, which will complete the square.
1854 W. Minifie Text Bk. Geom. Drawing (ed. 5) i. 20 On a given line A. B to construct a square whose side shall be equal to the given line... 4th. Draw A. E, E. F and F. B, which complete the square.
1855 Pop. Educator VI. 528/1 The advantage of this method is, that it avoids the introduction of fractions in completing the square.
1897 Geogr. Jrnl. 9 213 The map has contained the whole of the counties of Worcester and Warwick, with as much of the adjoining shires as would complete the square.
1947 J. H. Jeans Growth of Physical Sci. ii. 32 This can be seen from the theorem of Pythagoras, or by completing the square on AC as in fig. 9.
1969 W. C. Elmore & M. A. Heald Physics of Waves xi. 406 By completing the square, show that the ‘moving’ coordinate system used in this section..eliminates the linear term, i.e., results in a pure quadratic phase exponent.
2007 M. J. Sterling Algebra II Workbk. for Dummies ii. 26 Here's how to solve the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 by completing the square.

Draft additions March 2009

transitive. Oil Industry. To finish drilling (an exploration well) to its final depth. Also: to install permanent production equipment in (a production well) in preparation for the production of oil or gas.
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1877 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1876–7 16 374 The walls of the third division are generally self-supporting..and this division, when the well is completed, is the only one where the rocky walls are bare.
1933 Yale Law Jrnl. 42 705 A total of over 5000 new wells, virtually all of them large commercial producers, were completed in East Texas alone during 1932.
1982 Times 23 June 18/1 Dome attempted to complete the well as a gas well but encountered problems.
2003 W. L. Leffler et al. Deepwater iv. 61 Another decision point arrives for the subsurface and drilling teams—whether or not to complete the well.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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