complexityn.

/kəmˈplɛksɪti/

Etymology: < Latin complexus complex n. + -ity suffix: compare modern French complexité.

The quality or condition of being complex.

1. Composite nature or structure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > state of being composite > [noun]

composition?1541

complication1666

compoundedness1697

complexity1734

compoundness1768

discreteness1862

compositeness1881

1734 tr. P. L. M. de Maupertuis Diss. Cœlestial Bodies 27 in J. Keill Exam. Burnet's Theory of Earth (ed. 2) Bulffinger, rejecting this complexity of Motion, starts a third System.

1847 R. W. Emerson Goethe in Wks. (1906) I. 394 The highest simplicity of structure is produced, not by few elements, but by the highest complexity.

1859 C. Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) II. 210 A tendency to advance in complexity of organisation.

a. Involved nature or structure, intricacy; see complex adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [noun] > difficulty or complexity

intrication?a1475

intricatenessa1586

intricacy1602

engagement1642

anfractuosity1645

complicateness1656

intrigue1656

implicateness1685

complexedness1690

complexness1727

complexity1790

complicacy18..

subtlety1815

complicatedness1818

complicity1847

Byzantinism1945

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > complication or complexity > [noun]

intricatenessa1586

perplexednessa1586

involution1611

mixture1614

complicateness1656

puzzledness1662

complexedness1690

complexation1707

complexness1727

complexity1790

complication1793

complicacy18..

complicatedness1818

complicity1847

involvedness1867

multiplexity1938

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 91 The objects of society are of the greatest possible complexity .

1837 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece IV. xxviii. 26 Some transactions..gave a singular complexity to the affairs of the contending parties.

1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. v. 301 Partly from the complexity of the subject, all attempts at a scientific investigation of morals have failed.

b. Grammar see complex adj. 2c.

ΚΠ

1872 W. Minto Man. Eng. Prose Lit. Introd. 5 ‘Complexity’ in the grammatical sense, must be regarded as an accident of the period and not part of its essence.

3. quasi-concrete. An instance of complexity; a complicated condition; a complication.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [noun] > difficulty or complexity > instance of

labyrinthc1450

node1572

meander1576

meanderc1595

intricacy1611

complication1647

intrigo1648

intrigue1660

intricate1664

intricoa1670

complexity1794

sinuosity1827

complicacy1849

1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams II. xi. 222 Not for one hour could I withdraw myself from this complexity of horrors.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 731 in Idylls of King The..many-corridor'd complexities Of Arthur's palace.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 144 The complexities which were to vanish under their skill.

Draft additions 1997

c. Mathematics. More fully computational complexity. A measure of the difficulty of solving a class of problem, as measured by the expected number of computational steps required to do so using an algorithm; the branch of computational theory concerned with this property.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > theories or branches of

menadry1570

pure mathematics1605

mechanics1612

residuation1846

chaos theory1880

number theory1901

formalism1913

intuitionism1913

replacement theory1914

biomathematics1923

proof theory1929

finitism1935

mereology1938

combinatorics1941

cryptarithmetic1943

game theory1945

numerical analysis1946

queueing theory1951

constructivism1959

complexity1963

catastrophe theory1971

chaology1985

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating > difficulty of

complexity1963

1963 Israel Jrnl. Math. 1 211 Hartmanis, J. and Stearns, R. E., On the computational complexity of algorithms, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. to appear.

1965 Hartmanis & Stearns in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 117 285 The computational complexity of a sequence is to be measured by how fast a multitape Turing machine can print out the terms of the sequence.

1967 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 14 322 The complexity theory offered here is machine-independent.

1970 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 35 559 After one other expository chapter and a chapter on homomorphisms and semilocal theory of finite semigroups, these results are applied to gain deeper insight into the complexity theory.

1979 E. S. Page & L. B. Wilson Introd. Computational Combinatorics vi. 155 The problems which have so far attracted most study by theorists working in complexity fall into two classes.

1982 J. Campbell Grammatical Man ii. ix. 105 The power of a small number of fixed rules to produce an unpredictable amount of complexity.

1989 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 632/2 The prominent research in this field concerns the theory of computational complexity.

1989 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 633/1 The complexity of the best available algorithm for the solution of a problem is compared with the complexity of the problem to decide whether a better algorithm can be devised.

1989 R. Penrose Emperor's New Mind (1991) iv. 141 Complexity theory is concerned not so much with the difficulty of solving single problems algorithmically, but with infinite families of problems where there would be a general algorithm for finding answers to all the problems of one single family.

1989 R. Penrose Emperor's New Mind iv. 141 Even among mathematical problems that are algorithmic in nature, there are some classes of problem that are intrinsically vastly more difficult to solve algorithmically than others...The theory which is concerned with questions of this kind is called complexity theory.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	complexity
释义	complexityn. /kəmˈplɛksɪti/ Etymology: < Latin complexus complex n. + -ity suffix: compare modern French complexité. The quality or condition of being complex. 1. Composite nature or structure. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > state of being composite > [noun] composition?1541 complication1666 compoundedness1697 complexity1734 compoundness1768 discreteness1862 compositeness1881 1734 tr. P. L. M. de Maupertuis Diss. Cœlestial Bodies 27 in J. Keill Exam. Burnet's Theory of Earth (ed. 2) Bulffinger, rejecting this complexity of Motion, starts a third System. 1847 R. W. Emerson Goethe in Wks. (1906) I. 394 The highest simplicity of structure is produced, not by few elements, but by the highest complexity. 1859 C. Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) II. 210 A tendency to advance in complexity of organisation. 2. a. Involved nature or structure, intricacy; see complex adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [noun] > difficulty or complexity intrication?a1475 intricatenessa1586 intricacy1602 engagement1642 anfractuosity1645 complicateness1656 intrigue1656 implicateness1685 complexedness1690 complexness1727 complexity1790 complicacy18.. subtlety1815 complicatedness1818 complicity1847 Byzantinism1945 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > entanglement or entangled state > complication or complexity > [noun] intricatenessa1586 perplexednessa1586 involution1611 mixture1614 complicateness1656 puzzledness1662 complexedness1690 complexation1707 complexness1727 complexity1790 complication1793 complicacy18.. complicatedness1818 complicity1847 involvedness1867 multiplexity1938 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 91 The objects of society are of the greatest possible complexity . View more context for this quotation 1837 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece IV. xxviii. 26 Some transactions..gave a singular complexity to the affairs of the contending parties. 1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. v. 301 Partly from the complexity of the subject, all attempts at a scientific investigation of morals have failed. b. Grammar see complex adj. 2c. ΚΠ 1872 W. Minto Man. Eng. Prose Lit. Introd. 5 ‘Complexity’ in the grammatical sense, must be regarded as an accident of the period and not part of its essence. 3. quasi-concrete. An instance of complexity; a complicated condition; a complication. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [noun] > difficulty or complexity > instance of labyrinthc1450 node1572 meander1576 meanderc1595 intricacy1611 complication1647 intrigo1648 intrigue1660 intricate1664 intricoa1670 complexity1794 sinuosity1827 complicacy1849 1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams II. xi. 222 Not for one hour could I withdraw myself from this complexity of horrors. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 731 in Idylls of King The..many-corridor'd complexities Of Arthur's palace. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 144 The complexities which were to vanish under their skill. Draft additions 1997 c. Mathematics. More fully computational complexity. A measure of the difficulty of solving a class of problem, as measured by the expected number of computational steps required to do so using an algorithm; the branch of computational theory concerned with this property. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > theories or branches of menadry1570 pure mathematics1605 mechanics1612 residuation1846 chaos theory1880 number theory1901 formalism1913 intuitionism1913 replacement theory1914 biomathematics1923 proof theory1929 finitism1935 mereology1938 combinatorics1941 cryptarithmetic1943 game theory1945 numerical analysis1946 queueing theory1951 constructivism1959 complexity1963 catastrophe theory1971 chaology1985 the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating > difficulty of complexity1963 1963 Israel Jrnl. Math. 1 211 Hartmanis, J. and Stearns, R. E., On the computational complexity of algorithms, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. to appear. 1965 Hartmanis & Stearns in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 117 285 The computational complexity of a sequence is to be measured by how fast a multitape Turing machine can print out the terms of the sequence. 1967 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 14 322 The complexity theory offered here is machine-independent. 1970 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 35 559 After one other expository chapter and a chapter on homomorphisms and semilocal theory of finite semigroups, these results are applied to gain deeper insight into the complexity theory. 1979 E. S. Page & L. B. Wilson Introd. Computational Combinatorics vi. 155 The problems which have so far attracted most study by theorists working in complexity fall into two classes. 1982 J. Campbell Grammatical Man ii. ix. 105 The power of a small number of fixed rules to produce an unpredictable amount of complexity. 1989 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 632/2 The prominent research in this field concerns the theory of computational complexity. 1989 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 633/1 The complexity of the best available algorithm for the solution of a problem is compared with the complexity of the problem to decide whether a better algorithm can be devised. 1989 R. Penrose Emperor's New Mind (1991) iv. 141 Complexity theory is concerned not so much with the difficulty of solving single problems algorithmically, but with infinite families of problems where there would be a general algorithm for finding answers to all the problems of one single family. 1989 R. Penrose Emperor's New Mind iv. 141 Even among mathematical problems that are algorithmic in nature, there are some classes of problem that are intrinsically vastly more difficult to solve algorithmically than others...The theory which is concerned with questions of this kind is called complexity theory. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1734
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