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单词 consummation
释义

consummationn.

Brit. /ˌkɒns(j)ᵿˈmeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌkɑnsəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/
Forms: Middle English consommacion, Middle English consummacioun, Middle English consummacyoun, Middle English–1500s consumacion, Middle English–1500s consumacyon, Middle English–1500s consummacion, 1500s– consummation, 1600s–1700s (1900s– nonstandard) consumation; Scottish pre-1700 consumatioun, pre-1700 consummatione, pre-1700 consummatioun, pre-1700 1700s– consummation.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French consommation; Latin consummātiōn-, consummātiō.
Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman consumatiun, consummacioun, consummaciun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French consummacion, consummation, Middle French consommacion, consommation, consumaçon (French consommation ) acme, height, perfection (early 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), conclusion, end (of the world) (c1200 in Old French; frequently in theological contexts), action or act of completing, accomplishing, or finishing (second half of the 14th cent., originally with reference to the production of a book), action or act of perfecting (end of the 14th cent.), action or act of consummating a marriage or relationship (1400 or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin consummātiōn-, consummātiō process of adding together, accumulation, total, sum, summary, process of achieving or accomplishing, final result, conclusion, completion, achievement, perfection, acme, action of bringing to perfection, in post-classical Latin also end, death, destruction (Vulgate), end (of the world) (Vulgate) < consummāt- , past participial stem of consummāre consummate v. + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Italian consumazione (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier).In consummation of the world at sense 3a ultimately after post-classical Latin consummatio saeculorum (Vulgate); compare Middle French, French consommation du siècle (c1200 in Old French as consumacion del seule), consommation du monde (second half of the 15th cent. or earlier), consommation des siècles (second half of the 16th cent. or earlier), Italian consumazione del mondo (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), consumazione del secolo (second half of the 14th cent. or earlier), all after post-classical Latin.
1.
a. The action or an act of perfecting. Chiefly in religious contexts. Now rare.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 14v Aftir purgacioun folewiþ illuminacioun, perfeccioun, and consummacioun.
a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. vii. 11 If þe perfeccyoun or consummacyoun [L. consummatio] was thurgh þe preesthod of leuy.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dviiiv The consummacion & perfeccion of holynes.
1659 W. Retchford tr. D. Dickson Expos. St. Pauls Epist. 195/2 The perfection or effectual consummation of the worshipers of God..could not bee obtained by the Levitical Priest-hood.
1684 E. Arwaker Elegy on Duchess of Ormond 2 Thou enjoyd'st of Heav'n so large a store, That Consummation scarce cou'd give thee more.
1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus v. 318 As certainly as our Nature is desirous of Consummation and Undefectiveness.
1724 G. Cheyne Ess. Health vi. 163 In its Advances and final Perfection and Consummation, it [sc. spiritual love] discovers itself to be a Faculty, Quality, or inherent Power in the Soul.
1834 F. Reyroux tr. B. Pictet Christian Theol. vi. xviii. 332 This was..a consummation or perfecting; where, in the place of something imperfect, something more perfect succeeds.
1981 K. D. Sethna Spirituality of Future v. 138 Cosmic evolution is equated with the gestation, birth, and gradual consummation of Christ.
b. Acme, height; perfection.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > state of or advanced condition > highest point
prickOE
heighta1050
full1340
higha1398
pointc1400
roofa1500
top-castle1548
ruff1549
acmea1568
tip1567
noontide1578
high tide1579
superlative1583
summity1588
spring tide1593
meridian1594
period1595
apogee1600
punctilio1601
high-water mark1602
noon1609
zenith1610
auge1611
apex1624
culmination1633
cumble1640
culmen1646
climax1647
topc1650
cumulus1659
summit1661
perigeum1670
highest1688
consummation1698
stretch1741
high point1787
perihelion1804
summary1831
comble1832
heading up1857
climacteric1870
flashpoint1878
tip-end1885
peak1902
noontime1903
Omega point1981
1698 J. Edwards Sermons Special Occas. 45 Natural Reason..being the Upshot of all Good Laws, and the Consummation of the Best Reason.
1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 10. 64 It is the Consummation of all Crimes to be impudent.
1780 J. Cartwright People's Barrier against Corruption p. xxii Under their administration, we have seen the consummation of national folly, and nearly the consummation of national ruin.
1827 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth I. 330 The consummation of heathen virtue was expressed in the wish of the Roman, that his house were of glass; so might all men behold every action of his life.
1853 L. P. Hickok Syst. Moral Sci. i. ii. 103 The animal..has attained to its ultimate point of cultivation, and reached the consummation of its nature, when it is brought to apprehend and observe the rules of prudence and kindness.
1911 Mod. Lang. Rev. 6 530 The consummation of the art [of the masque] is depicted in the hands of Jonson, and its decadence in those of his successors.
1974 W. I. Thompson Passages about Earth v. 90 Heisenberg had felt that the great era of European music had reached its consummation and that the mind of Europe could be better raised to new heights in physics.
2005 Scotsman (Nexis) 13 Sept. 34 La Gloria was the consummation of that style, but there are many others here that are of equal interest.
2.
a. The action or an act of completing, accomplishing, or finishing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > completing > [noun]
enda1300
chevisancec1330
applyinga1382
perfectiona1382
pointc1385
finishmentc1400
accomplishingc1405
complement1419
consummationa1425
effecta1425
performinga1425
accomplishment1425
fining?1448
complishing1449
complishment1454
achevisauncec1475
achievement1477
perfectinga1513
cheving?1518
furniture1529
achievance1531
exploiture1531
exploiting1538
perimplishment1554
consummating1555
finishing?1563
chevance1570
coronation1582
crowning1586
adimpletion1624
fulfilment1624
complusmenta1628
completure1642
completement1652
transaction1655
patration1656
perfunction1656
completion1657
completing1727
ultimation1791
finality1833
perfectuation1859
fruition1885
a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Rom. vi. 19 (MED) Gyfe ȝee now ȝoure membrys to serue to riȝtwisnesse in to sanctificacyoun, þat is, in to consummacyoun of goode.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos (1890) v. 22 For the consommacion of the said sacrifyce.
1546 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 129 The ereccion & consumacion of the newe hospytall in Smythfeld for the pore.
a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) viii. 220 Between the beginning, and consummation or finishing of it.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 13 Aug. (1974) VIII. 384 He did expect..to hear from Breda of the consummation of the peace.
1726 E. F. Haywood Double Marriage 4 She permitted him to ask the Consent of both their Parents for the Consummation of their mutual Wishes.
1768 D. Hume Let. 26 Apr. (1932) II. 174 This condition, by the King, that I should seriously apply myself to the consummation of my History.
1852 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. I. xx. 514 The King..urged the instant consummation of the treaty.
1898 Argosy Aug. 63 The time for the consummation of his vengeance had arrived.
1917 Jrnl. Philos. 14 204 The consummation of the task of science would not mean the cessation of effort and consequent stagnation.
2007 E. Cappell Amer. Talmud 206 The plot of ‘The Old System’ which, soon after Isaac's consummation of the business deal, takes an operatic turn.
b. The action or an act of consummating a marriage or relationship. Also more generally: the action or an act of having sexual intercourse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > consummation of marriage
consummation?1530
consummating1555
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > time after marriage > [noun] > putting bride to bed > consummation of marriage
consummation?1530
consummating1555
bed-rite-
?1530 in R. Fiddes Life Wolsey (1724) Collect. 213 Nothing was so muche desyred of bothe there parents, as the Consummation of the said act.
1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI c. 23 §2 Sentence for Matrimony, commanding Solemnization, Cohabitation, Consummation and Tractation as becometh Man and Wife to have.
1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights 63 The consummation and indiuiduitie of marriage.
1655 Theophania 112 All in general expected either with envy or desire the consummation of their hymeneals.
1706 G. Farquhar Recruiting Officer i. i. 7 She wou'd have the Wedding before Consummation.
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 117 He was more satisfy'd..with the suppos'd motives of his baulk of consummation, than he would have been at the full attainment of it.
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 569/2 The following facts are necessary to be proved on a charge of rape: 1, penetration..; 2, actual force in the consummation.
1879 M. Pattison Milton 58 The suggestion..is that Milton's young wife refused him the consummation of the marriage.
1930 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 3 318 The language characterizing the various steps in the consummation of sex relationships.
1960 J. Barth Sot-weed Factor iii. xvi. 704 As for the matter of consummation, 'twere an overnice point in our case!
1997 D. D. Wang Fin-de-siècle Splendor vi. 325 By losing himself in illicit sexual consummations, the uncle re-enacts the dissemination of his ideals and sacrifices.
2007 Observer (Nexis) 23 Dec. (Review section) 23 The pair's enjoyment of the intimate supper in their honeymoon suite is marred by their unarticulated thoughts on the impending consummation of their marriage.
3.
a. Chiefly in biblical contexts with reference to the end of the world, final judgement, etc.: a conclusion, end. Frequently in consummation of all things, consummation of the world.Sometimes with the suggestion of destruction; cf. consumation n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [noun] > ending of existence
consummationa1425
a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. ix. 26 In þe consummacyoun of þe worldys [L. in consummatione sæculorum], þat is to seye, in þe laste age of þe world.
1542 T. Becon Newes out of Heauen sig. G.iiijv He wyll be wt you euen to the very consummacion & ende of the world.
1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xviii. 313 The time..of the generall consummation of all thinges is left vncertaine.
1629 A. Symmer Spirituall Posie i. vi. 23 At the consummation of the world, when the number of the Elect shall be perfected.
1690 T. Burnet Rev. Theory of Earth 1 From the first Chaos to the last day, and the Consummation of all things.
1746 J. Wesley Let. 17 June (1931) II. 258 Such interpositions of the power of God, as may not be again till the consummation of all things.
1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit xiii. 162 At the general consummation of all things.
1829 Christian Examiner & Gen. Rev. Mar. 86 The time supposed, is some period beyond the consummation of this world.
1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity II. 262 Anything short of the final consummation.
1926 Times 27 Nov. 15/5 The Day of Judgement..is regarded as the consummation of the world's history and of the life of each person in it.
1944 M.-L. Dufrenoy tr. F. Mauriac Eucharist iv. 27 His gesture of love reaches the real wounds always open, always bleeding until the consummation of the world.
1999 Nat. Hist. Apr. 28/2 Among the natural phenomena that poets and scholars have regarded as heralds..of the final consummation, volcanic eruptions hold pride of place.
b. gen. A conclusion, end, or death. Also as a mass noun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [noun]
hensithOE
qualmOE
bale-sithea1000
endingc1000
fallOE
forthsitheOE
soulingOE
life's endOE
deathOE
hethensithc1200
last end?c1225
forthfarec1275
dying1297
finec1300
partingc1300
endc1305
deceasec1330
departc1330
starving1340
passingc1350
latter enda1382
obita1382
perishingc1384
carrion1387
departing1388
finishmentc1400
trespassement14..
passing forthc1410
sesse1417
cess1419
fininga1425
resolutiona1425
departisona1450
passagea1450
departmentc1450
consummation?a1475
dormition1483
debt to (also of) naturea1513
dissolutionc1522
expirationa1530
funeral?a1534
change1543
departure1558
last change1574
transmigration1576
dissolving1577
shaking of the sheets?1577
departance1579
deceasure1580
mortality1582
deceasing1591
waftage1592
launching1599
quietus1603
doom1609
expire1612
expiring1612
period1613
defunctiona1616
Lethea1616
fail1623
dismissiona1631
set1635
passa1645
disanimation1646
suffering1651
abition1656
Passovera1662
latter (last) end1670
finis1682
exitus1706
perch1722
demission1735
demise1753
translation1760
transit1764
dropping1768
expiry1790
departal1823
finish1826
homegoing1866
the last (also final, great) round-up1879
snuffing1922
fade-out1924
thirty1929
appointment in Samarra1934
dirt nap1981
big chill1987
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > end or completion
endc1000
finishmentc1400
consummation?a1475
final1582
ultimity1613
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 113 (MED) This secunde yere is not to be vnderstonde from the begynnenge of this kynge, but from the perfeccion other consummacion [L. a perfectione seu confirmatione] of his realme.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 4 They vysited temples and oracles vnto the consummacion of their dayes.
1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton H vij Dethe is consumacyon and ende of al payne and laboure.
1581 T. Rogers tr. N. Hemmingsen Faith of Church Militant 122 Christe alone is the beginning, middle, and consummation of our saluation and happinesse.
1584 J. Hudson Serm. Paules Crosse sig. A6 Their finall and prefixed consummation and end.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 281 Quiet consumation haue, And renowned be thy graue. View more context for this quotation
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) ii. ix. 217 [They] held that it put a total Consummation unto things in this lower World.
1795 R. Southey Vision Maid of Orleans i. 180 This is his consummation!
1812 Ld. Byron in Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 21 970 These convulsions must terminate in death, the sure consummation..of all political Sangrados.
1844 E. B. Barrett Drama of Exile in Poems I. 82 Death's consummation crowns completed life.
1944 Times 1 Jan. 5/2 Not only the time but the quality of the consummation depends on the temper with which it is approached.
1970 Western Polit. Q. 23 616 Every action sequence that is interrupted..between the time of its instigation and its expected consummation will produce aggression.
1999 G. Brechin Imperial San Francisco iii. 169 Scott himself would not live to see the consummation of his work.
4. A fitting, crowning, or inevitable outcome; a desired goal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > fact or condition of being completed
perfection?c1225
final1582
consummation1604
ultimate1681
consummativeness1701
finish1801
pay-off1937
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 65 Tis a consumation Deuoutly to be wisht. View more context for this quotation
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 125 I make no doubt but that he will postpone his voyage, and prosecute his addresses to a happy consummation.
1851 T. Carlyle Life J. Sterling ii. ii. 138 Radicalism..had come to its consummation, and vanished from him in a tragic manner.
1886 J. Morley Pattison's Mem. in Crit. Misc. III. 137 Nothing..was done towards making the desired consummation a certainty.
1927 Times 31 Dec. 13/5 We may complete in the last opportunities of time all that will give life its true consummation.
1997 Y. M. Choueiri Islamic Fundamentalism (rev. ed.) vi. 144 Political power, not forcible conversion, is the consummation of jihad and its raison d'être.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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