anthropologyn.

Brit.

/ˌanθrəˈpɒlədʒi/, U.S.

/ˌænθrəˈpɑlədʒi/

Forms: 1500s– anthropology, 1600s anthropologie.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: anthropo- comb. form, -logy comb. form.

Etymology: < anthropo- comb. form + -logy comb. form. In senses 1 and 2a after post-classical Latin anthropologia study of humanity (1517 or earlier in an Italian source), science of the nature of man (1596 in a work title ( Secunda Pars Anthropologiae: hoc est Fabrica Humani Corporis, by Otto Casmann; compare his Psychologia Anthropologica, sive Animae Humanae Doctrina (1594)), or earlier). With sense 2a compare slightly earlier anthropologic adj., anthropologist n. In sense 3 after French anthropologie (1680 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1694¹); compare Hellenistic Greek ἀνθρωπολογεῖν to describe or represent in human form (Philo).Compare Middle French, French anthropologie (1516 as entropologie in sense ‘study of humanity’, end of the 18th cent. in sense ‘science of the nature of man’), Italian antropologia (1533 in a work title as †anthropologia in sense ‘study of humanity’, or earlier). Compare also post-classical Latin anthropologium (1501 in the title of a work on the nature of man, or earlier), and ancient Greek ἀνθρωπολόγος speaking of man, i.e. fond of personal conversation (Aristotle).

1. The study or description of human beings or human nature (generally, rather than as a distinct field of study; cf. sense 2); a theory or account of this, as held by a specific person or group.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > science of mankind > [noun]

anthropology1593

microcosmography1606

biology1686

human science1833

biotypology1927

the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropology > physical

anthropology1593

physical anthropology1841

anthroposomatology1847

biological anthropology1877

bioanthropology1954

1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 15 The History of Brute and Brutans setteth forth... Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, Actes which they did. This part of History is named Anthropology.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Anthropology, a speaking or discoursing of men.

1677 F. Bampfield All in One 136 Whether Anthropology, or the Doctrine of Created Adam, or knowledge of Man, or the Science of the Humane Nature, be sufficiently taught in the Schools and Lectures of Ethnick Philosophers?

1747 H. Knight Being & Attrib. God iii. 234 ‘Men exceed wolves, bears, and serpents in cruelty and rapaciousness, for these are not rapacious beyond hunger, but men are.’ Such is this philosopher's anthropology, or description of man.

1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. Introd. p. viii Personal Ethics..have the Faculty of the Will as their object, and consequently are only a branch of anthropology.

1834 Penny Cycl. II. 97 Such an anthropology..considers man as a citizen of the world, and has nothing properly to do with the varieties of the human race.

1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. viii. 79 Mr. Pen said that anthropology was his favourite pursuit; and had his eyes always eagerly open to its infinite varieties and beauties.

1879 M. Pattison Milton xiii. 177 The whole scheme of Judaico-Christian anthropology.

1900 F. H. Foster Christian Life & Theol. iii. 114 Theology leads to Christology, Christology to Anthropology, and Anthropology to Soteriology, as each becomes a living question to the living church.

1995 Church Times 3 Nov. 13/4 In trying together prayer and ethics, Barth explores a moral ontology and a moral anthropology in which dependence is not diminishment.

2012 J. Kok tr. P. Van Haute & T. Geyskens Non-Oedipal Psychoanal. v. 89 This raises the question of whether it is the Oedipus complex itself that is at odds with the project of a clinical anthropology and a pathoanalysis of existence.

†a. The scientific study of the human organism, conceived of as a union of body and soul, including human anatomy and physiology (and later phrenology) and the study of sensation and perception. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropology

anthropology1655

race science1873

anthro1929

1655 Anthropologie Abstracted i. 1 Anthropologie, or the History of Human Nature, is, in the Vulgar (yet just) impression, distinguished into two Volumes; The first entituled Psychologie, the nature of the Rationall Soule discoursed: the other Anatomie, the Fabrick or structure of the body of man revealed in dissection.

1680 S. Haworth Ανθροπωλογία i. 12 Anthropology, or that Doctrine which Treats concerning Man, may rightly be divided into Two parts, viz. Pneumatology, which gives an account of his Soul, and Somatology, which is the Anatomy of his Body.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Anthropology, a Discourse or Description of Man, or of a Man's Body.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Anthropology includes the Consideration both of the Human Body and Soul, with the Laws of their Union, and the Effects thereof, as Sensation, Motion, &c.

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) I. 266 The analysis of our senses in the commonest books of anthropology.

b. The scientific study of the human race; the branch of science which investigates the human species as a part of the animal kingdom, including comparative anatomy and psychology of humans and their closest animal relatives, human palaeontology and ecology, theories of human evolution, and the development and variety of human populations and their societies and cultures. Also: this discipline as a subject of academic study.The subdivisions of this field are frequently distinguished as biological or physical anthropology and social or cultural anthropology; see biological anthropology n. at biological adj. and n. Compounds, cultural anthropology n., physical anthropology n., social anthropology n.

ΚΠ

1832 Encycl. Americana IX. 149/2 Chief divisions [in natural history]: 1. geology..; 2. phytology..; 3. zoology..; and, 4. anthropology (the natural history of man).

1846 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1844–5 2 13 He examined various crania, more or less perfect, in order to determine the place they ought to occupy in the system of Anthropology.

1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. Pref. p. viii Natural History of Man, or Anthropology [Fr. Anthropologie]..the principal characters of our species, its perfection, its accidental degradations, its unity, its races, and the manner in which it has been classified.

1881 W. H. Flower in Nature No. 619. 437 The aim of zoological anthropology is to discover a natural classification of man.

1948 L. K. Frank Personality & Culture (heading) 1 The term ‘psychocultural’..implies an integration of the concepts of psychiatry, psychology, and anthropology as an approach to..the study of human behaviour.

1958 A. Ginsberg Let. 26 June (2008) 195 Stern..studied..anthropology at Harvard.

1975 Copeia 1975 406/2 There are three major display subjects; vertebrate paleontology (including anthropology), zoology and entomology.

1997 F. Spencer Hist. Physical Anthropol. I. 64/1 Anthropology, still unnamed and barely nascent, was formally introduced into the [American Philosophical] Society's program in 1815 with the establishment of a Historical and Literary Committee, one of whose objectives was to collect and publish information regarding the languages, history, and culture of the indigenous populations.

2014 M. A. Gibson & D. W. Lawson Appl. Evolutionary Anthropol. i. 2 Developing from the natural sciences, evolutionary anthropology argues that human biological and behavioural diversity and change result from variation, inheritance and adaptation to specific environments.

†3. The ascription of human attributes to God or Christ; representation of a god in human form; an instance of this; = anthropomorphism n. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > possessing personal attributes > ascription of > use of anthropomorphic language

anthropology1694

anthropomorphism1833

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > speaking of God as of humans

anthropology1694

anthropomorphism1833

anthropomorphology1871

1694 T. Taylor tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Nature & Grace i. 12 in tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Search after Truth It [sc. Scripture] abounds with Anthropologies [Fr. Anthropologies]. It..ascribes to God a Body, a Throne, a Chariot, and Equipage.

1694 T. Taylor tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Nature & Grace i. 12 in tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Search after Truth If Jesus Christ became Man, 'twas in part to satisfy the Inclination of Men, who love what is like them; and are studious of what affects them. 'Twas by this real and true kind of Anthropologie, to perswade Men of those Truths, they were incapable to comprehend any other way.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Anthropology, is particularly used in Theology, for a way of speaking of God, after the manner of Men; by attributing Human Parts to him.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) We have frequent Instances of Anthropology in the Holy Scripture; by which we are only to understand the Effect, or the Thing which God does, as if he had Hands, &c.

1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 164/1 Anthropology, in speaking of God, is necessary to give us an idea of many things which otherwise we could not conceive.

Compounds

General attributive, in later use esp. with reference to anthropology as a subject of academic study, as anthropology department, anthropology student, etc.

ΚΠ

1907 South China Morning Post 7 Dec. 2/6 The Anthropology Museum at Dresden.

1931 N.Y. Times 27 July 6 [A] 23-year-old anthropology student of Columbia University.

1951 W. S. Burroughs Let. 11 Jan. (1993) 78 Head of the Anthropology dept. here at M.C.C.

1988 Anthropol. & Educ. Q. 19 215 Most anthropology textbooks do not reflect the dynamic changes that take place in the field over the course of a single year.

1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) vi. 132 Shea's habit of piss-tanning hides on the roof of the anthropology building was also noted with concern by the administration.

2006 Quilter's Newslet. Mag. Nov. 34/1 A college anthropology lecture.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	anthropology
释义	anthropologyn. Brit. /ˌanθrəˈpɒlədʒi/, U.S. /ˌænθrəˈpɑlədʒi/ Forms: 1500s– anthropology, 1600s anthropologie. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: anthropo- comb. form, -logy comb. form. Etymology: < anthropo- comb. form + -logy comb. form. In senses 1 and 2a after post-classical Latin anthropologia study of humanity (1517 or earlier in an Italian source), science of the nature of man (1596 in a work title ( Secunda Pars Anthropologiae: hoc est Fabrica Humani Corporis, by Otto Casmann; compare his Psychologia Anthropologica, sive Animae Humanae Doctrina (1594)), or earlier). With sense 2a compare slightly earlier anthropologic adj., anthropologist n. In sense 3 after French anthropologie (1680 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1694¹); compare Hellenistic Greek ἀνθρωπολογεῖν to describe or represent in human form (Philo).Compare Middle French, French anthropologie (1516 as entropologie in sense ‘study of humanity’, end of the 18th cent. in sense ‘science of the nature of man’), Italian antropologia (1533 in a work title as †anthropologia in sense ‘study of humanity’, or earlier). Compare also post-classical Latin anthropologium (1501 in the title of a work on the nature of man, or earlier), and ancient Greek ἀνθρωπολόγος speaking of man, i.e. fond of personal conversation (Aristotle). 1. The study or description of human beings or human nature (generally, rather than as a distinct field of study; cf. sense 2); a theory or account of this, as held by a specific person or group. ΘΚΠ the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] anthropology1593 microcosmography1606 biology1686 human science1833 biotypology1927 the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropology > physical anthropology1593 physical anthropology1841 anthroposomatology1847 biological anthropology1877 bioanthropology1954 1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 15 The History of Brute and Brutans setteth forth... Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, Actes which they did. This part of History is named Anthropology. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Anthropology, a speaking or discoursing of men. 1677 F. Bampfield All in One 136 Whether Anthropology, or the Doctrine of Created Adam, or knowledge of Man, or the Science of the Humane Nature, be sufficiently taught in the Schools and Lectures of Ethnick Philosophers? 1747 H. Knight Being & Attrib. God iii. 234 ‘Men exceed wolves, bears, and serpents in cruelty and rapaciousness, for these are not rapacious beyond hunger, but men are.’ Such is this philosopher's anthropology, or description of man. 1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. Introd. p. viii Personal Ethics..have the Faculty of the Will as their object, and consequently are only a branch of anthropology. 1834 Penny Cycl. II. 97 Such an anthropology..considers man as a citizen of the world, and has nothing properly to do with the varieties of the human race. 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. viii. 79 Mr. Pen said that anthropology was his favourite pursuit; and had his eyes always eagerly open to its infinite varieties and beauties. 1879 M. Pattison Milton xiii. 177 The whole scheme of Judaico-Christian anthropology. 1900 F. H. Foster Christian Life & Theol. iii. 114 Theology leads to Christology, Christology to Anthropology, and Anthropology to Soteriology, as each becomes a living question to the living church. 1995 Church Times 3 Nov. 13/4 In trying together prayer and ethics, Barth explores a moral ontology and a moral anthropology in which dependence is not diminishment. 2012 J. Kok tr. P. Van Haute & T. Geyskens Non-Oedipal Psychoanal. v. 89 This raises the question of whether it is the Oedipus complex itself that is at odds with the project of a clinical anthropology and a pathoanalysis of existence. 2. †a. The scientific study of the human organism, conceived of as a union of body and soul, including human anatomy and physiology (and later phrenology) and the study of sensation and perception. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropology anthropology1655 race science1873 anthro1929 1655 Anthropologie Abstracted i. 1 Anthropologie, or the History of Human Nature, is, in the Vulgar (yet just) impression, distinguished into two Volumes; The first entituled Psychologie, the nature of the Rationall Soule discoursed: the other Anatomie, the Fabrick or structure of the body of man revealed in dissection. 1680 S. Haworth Ανθροπωλογία i. 12 Anthropology, or that Doctrine which Treats concerning Man, may rightly be divided into Two parts, viz. Pneumatology, which gives an account of his Soul, and Somatology, which is the Anatomy of his Body. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Anthropology, a Discourse or Description of Man, or of a Man's Body. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Anthropology includes the Consideration both of the Human Body and Soul, with the Laws of their Union, and the Effects thereof, as Sensation, Motion, &c. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) I. 266 The analysis of our senses in the commonest books of anthropology. b. The scientific study of the human race; the branch of science which investigates the human species as a part of the animal kingdom, including comparative anatomy and psychology of humans and their closest animal relatives, human palaeontology and ecology, theories of human evolution, and the development and variety of human populations and their societies and cultures. Also: this discipline as a subject of academic study.The subdivisions of this field are frequently distinguished as biological or physical anthropology and social or cultural anthropology; see biological anthropology n. at biological adj. and n. Compounds, cultural anthropology n., physical anthropology n., social anthropology n. ΚΠ 1832 Encycl. Americana IX. 149/2 Chief divisions [in natural history]: 1. geology..; 2. phytology..; 3. zoology..; and, 4. anthropology (the natural history of man). 1846 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1844–5 2 13 He examined various crania, more or less perfect, in order to determine the place they ought to occupy in the system of Anthropology. 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. Pref. p. viii Natural History of Man, or Anthropology [Fr. Anthropologie]..the principal characters of our species, its perfection, its accidental degradations, its unity, its races, and the manner in which it has been classified. 1881 W. H. Flower in Nature No. 619. 437 The aim of zoological anthropology is to discover a natural classification of man. 1948 L. K. Frank Personality & Culture (heading) 1 The term ‘psychocultural’..implies an integration of the concepts of psychiatry, psychology, and anthropology as an approach to..the study of human behaviour. 1958 A. Ginsberg Let. 26 June (2008) 195 Stern..studied..anthropology at Harvard. 1975 Copeia 1975 406/2 There are three major display subjects; vertebrate paleontology (including anthropology), zoology and entomology. 1997 F. Spencer Hist. Physical Anthropol. I. 64/1 Anthropology, still unnamed and barely nascent, was formally introduced into the [American Philosophical] Society's program in 1815 with the establishment of a Historical and Literary Committee, one of whose objectives was to collect and publish information regarding the languages, history, and culture of the indigenous populations. 2014 M. A. Gibson & D. W. Lawson Appl. Evolutionary Anthropol. i. 2 Developing from the natural sciences, evolutionary anthropology argues that human biological and behavioural diversity and change result from variation, inheritance and adaptation to specific environments. †3. The ascription of human attributes to God or Christ; representation of a god in human form; an instance of this; = anthropomorphism n. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > possessing personal attributes > ascription of > use of anthropomorphic language anthropology1694 anthropomorphism1833 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > speaking of God as of humans anthropology1694 anthropomorphism1833 anthropomorphology1871 1694 T. Taylor tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Nature & Grace i. 12 in tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Search after Truth It [sc. Scripture] abounds with Anthropologies [Fr. Anthropologies]. It..ascribes to God a Body, a Throne, a Chariot, and Equipage. 1694 T. Taylor tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Nature & Grace i. 12 in tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Search after Truth If Jesus Christ became Man, 'twas in part to satisfy the Inclination of Men, who love what is like them; and are studious of what affects them. 'Twas by this real and true kind of Anthropologie, to perswade Men of those Truths, they were incapable to comprehend any other way. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Anthropology, is particularly used in Theology, for a way of speaking of God, after the manner of Men; by attributing Human Parts to him. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) We have frequent Instances of Anthropology in the Holy Scripture; by which we are only to understand the Effect, or the Thing which God does, as if he had Hands, &c. 1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 164/1 Anthropology, in speaking of God, is necessary to give us an idea of many things which otherwise we could not conceive. Compounds General attributive, in later use esp. with reference to anthropology as a subject of academic study, as anthropology department, anthropology student, etc. ΚΠ 1907 South China Morning Post 7 Dec. 2/6 The Anthropology Museum at Dresden. 1931 N.Y. Times 27 July 6 [A] 23-year-old anthropology student of Columbia University. 1951 W. S. Burroughs Let. 11 Jan. (1993) 78 Head of the Anthropology dept. here at M.C.C. 1988 Anthropol. & Educ. Q. 19 215 Most anthropology textbooks do not reflect the dynamic changes that take place in the field over the course of a single year. 1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) vi. 132 Shea's habit of piss-tanning hides on the roof of the anthropology building was also noted with concern by the administration. 2006 Quilter's Newslet. Mag. Nov. 34/1 A college anthropology lecture. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1593
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