agriculturen.

Brit.

/ˈaɡrᵻˌkʌltʃə/, U.S.

/ˈæɡrəˌkəltʃər/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French agriculture; Latin agricultūra.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French agriculture (French agriculture ) cultivation of the soil (1343), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin agricultūra < agrī , genitive of ager field (see acre n.) + cultūra culture n. Compare Old Occitan agricultura (a1350), Catalan agricultura (1575), Spanish agricultura (1254), Portuguese agricultura (15th cent.), Italian agricoltura (1304–8). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ·grikɒ:ltiŭr, -tʃəɹ) /ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltjʊər/, /-tʃə(r)/.

(a) Originally: the theory or practice of cultivating the soil to produce crops; an instance of this (now rare). (b) Later also (now chiefly): the practice of growing crops, rearing livestock, and producing animal products (as milk and eggs), regarded as a single sphere of activity; farming, husbandry; (also) the theory of this.In quot. ?1440 in figurative context.big, shifting, subsistence agriculture: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > [noun]

tiltha1100

husbandrya1398

agriculture?1440

tillagea1538

tilture1573

farming1642

gainery1670

farmery1759

terraculture1847

ag1905

the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > farming sciences

agriculture1565

georgics1594

geoponics1608

rural science?1750

agricultural science1775

agronomy1796

agronomics1825

agrometeorology1925

agrobiology1930

agroecology1930

agrotechnology1932

agrology1946

agro-ecosystem1949

agriscience1958

green revolution1968

cereology1990

agromechanization2006

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [noun]

earth-tilthOE

earth-tillingOE

tilling?c1225

delving1377

laboura1393

land-tillingc1420

culturec1450

tilthing1495

labouring1523

manurea1547

manuring1550

digging1552

cultivation1553

tilth1565

manurance1572

agriculture1583

nithering1599

culturation1606

gainor1607

delvage1610

agricolation1623

gainage1625

cultivage1632

manurementa1639

groundwork1655

fieldwork1656

proscission1656

field labour1661

manuragea1670

subduing1776

management1799

subjugation1800

geopony1808

clodhopping1847

agriculturism1885

in tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) Prol. l. 127 (MED) Good fruyt & fresh plesaunce Vpgrowe on hit, in his [sc. God's] Agriculture.

1565 W. Cuningham in J. Hall tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. sig. ¶.iv Those, that in this our age trauel in diuinitie..historiographie, poetrie, Agriculture, and other profitable studies.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. G.3 There being such store of husbandmen, and the same so expert in their agriculture as your words import they be, it must needes follow, that there is great plentie of corne.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 9 Such tooles as pertaine to Agriculture and husbandrie [Fr. des instruments du labourage].

1650 J. Jones Judges Judged 35 Their sweet Farmhouses, large fields, and industrious Agricultures.

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus i, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 101 Future discovery in Botanicall Agriculture.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. f. 95^v Houses..for the lodging of men, animals, or tools of agriculture.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 145. ⁋3 If we estimate dignity by immediate usefulness, agriculture is undoubtedly the first and noblest science.

1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. iii. 85 A glance round the walls showed the implements of agriculture.

1857 1st Ann. Rep. Maine Board Agric. 1856 i. 17 Various plans were proposed, but the one commended to public attention, was that the study of agriculture be introduced into our common schools.

1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xii. 267 The lands..were not fields for agriculture, but pastures for cattle.

1871 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce i. ii. 37 Cattle-rearing formed an important branch of Egyptian agriculture.

1918 H. Bradley Enclosures in Eng. i. 19 The cause of the substitution of sheep-farming for agriculture in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries cannot have been a rise in the price of wool relatively to that of grain.

1958 Listener 30 Jan. 186/1 The rural sub-proletariat..are landless or almost landless peasants who seek casual employment in agriculture.

1988 Understanding Agric. (Nat. Res. Committee (U.S.) Board on Agric.) App. B. 56 Twelve private agricultural secondary schools taught agriculture, as did 149 private secondary schools.

2003 New Yorker 21 Apr. 107/2 In the post-pastoral fields of industrialized modern agriculture, quaint notions of worker solidarity are unrealistic.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	agriculture
释义	agriculturen. Brit. /ˈaɡrᵻˌkʌltʃə/, U.S. /ˈæɡrəˌkəltʃər/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French agriculture; Latin agricultūra. Etymology: < (i) Middle French agriculture (French agriculture ) cultivation of the soil (1343), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin agricultūra < agrī , genitive of ager field (see acre n.) + cultūra culture n. Compare Old Occitan agricultura (a1350), Catalan agricultura (1575), Spanish agricultura (1254), Portuguese agricultura (15th cent.), Italian agricoltura (1304–8). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ·grikɒ:ltiŭr, -tʃəɹ) /ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltjʊər/, /-tʃə(r)/. (a) Originally: the theory or practice of cultivating the soil to produce crops; an instance of this (now rare). (b) Later also (now chiefly): the practice of growing crops, rearing livestock, and producing animal products (as milk and eggs), regarded as a single sphere of activity; farming, husbandry; (also) the theory of this.In quot. ?1440 in figurative context.big, shifting, subsistence agriculture: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] tiltha1100 husbandrya1398 agriculture?1440 tillagea1538 tilture1573 farming1642 gainery1670 farmery1759 terraculture1847 ag1905 the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > farming sciences agriculture1565 georgics1594 geoponics1608 rural science?1750 agricultural science1775 agronomy1796 agronomics1825 agrometeorology1925 agrobiology1930 agroecology1930 agrotechnology1932 agrology1946 agro-ecosystem1949 agriscience1958 green revolution1968 cereology1990 agromechanization2006 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [noun] earth-tilthOE earth-tillingOE tilling?c1225 delving1377 laboura1393 land-tillingc1420 culturec1450 tilthing1495 labouring1523 manurea1547 manuring1550 digging1552 cultivation1553 tilth1565 manurance1572 agriculture1583 nithering1599 culturation1606 gainor1607 delvage1610 agricolation1623 gainage1625 cultivage1632 manurementa1639 groundwork1655 fieldwork1656 proscission1656 field labour1661 manuragea1670 subduing1776 management1799 subjugation1800 geopony1808 clodhopping1847 agriculturism1885 in tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) Prol. l. 127 (MED) Good fruyt & fresh plesaunce Vpgrowe on hit, in his [sc. God's] Agriculture. 1565 W. Cuningham in J. Hall tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. sig. ¶.iv Those, that in this our age trauel in diuinitie..historiographie, poetrie, Agriculture, and other profitable studies. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. G.3 There being such store of husbandmen, and the same so expert in their agriculture as your words import they be, it must needes follow, that there is great plentie of corne. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 9 Such tooles as pertaine to Agriculture and husbandrie [Fr. des instruments du labourage]. 1650 J. Jones Judges Judged 35 Their sweet Farmhouses, large fields, and industrious Agricultures. 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus i, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 101 Future discovery in Botanicall Agriculture. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. f. 95^v Houses..for the lodging of men, animals, or tools of agriculture. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 145. ⁋3 If we estimate dignity by immediate usefulness, agriculture is undoubtedly the first and noblest science. 1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. iii. 85 A glance round the walls showed the implements of agriculture. 1857 1st Ann. Rep. Maine Board Agric. 1856 i. 17 Various plans were proposed, but the one commended to public attention, was that the study of agriculture be introduced into our common schools. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xii. 267 The lands..were not fields for agriculture, but pastures for cattle. 1871 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce i. ii. 37 Cattle-rearing formed an important branch of Egyptian agriculture. 1918 H. Bradley Enclosures in Eng. i. 19 The cause of the substitution of sheep-farming for agriculture in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries cannot have been a rise in the price of wool relatively to that of grain. 1958 Listener 30 Jan. 186/1 The rural sub-proletariat..are landless or almost landless peasants who seek casual employment in agriculture. 1988 Understanding Agric. (Nat. Res. Committee (U.S.) Board on Agric.) App. B. 56 Twelve private agricultural secondary schools taught agriculture, as did 149 private secondary schools. 2003 New Yorker 21 Apr. 107/2 In the post-pastoral fields of industrialized modern agriculture, quaint notions of worker solidarity are unrealistic. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1440
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