conscientiousadj.

Brit.

/ˌkɒnʃɪˈɛnʃəs/, U.S.

/ˌkɑn(t)ʃiˈɛn(t)ʃəs/

Forms: 1600s consientious, 1600s–1700s consciencious, 1600s– conscientious.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French consciencieux.

Etymology: < French consciencieux having or relating to a sensitive conscience (1527 in Middle French) < post-classical Latin conscientiosus scrupulous (14th cent.), relating to conscience (15th cent.) < classical Latin conscientia conscience n. + -ōsus -ous suffix. Compare slightly earlier consciential adj., conscionable adj.

I. Senses related to conscience n. I. Cf. earlier conscionable adj.

a. Of or relating to conscience; performed according to conscience; well and thoroughly done; scrupulous.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > [adjective] > of or relating to conscience

consciential?1589

conscientious1603

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xxix. 98 Marriage is a religious and devout bond: and that is the reason the pleasure a man hath of it, should be..a voluptuousnesse somewhat circumspect and conscientious.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1957) III. 386 Of those that do goe without those conscientious deliberations.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. vii. 131 To live in the conscientious Practice of all that is Good.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 10 You have illuminated my mind and relieved me from imaginary shackles of conscientious obligation.

1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. i. 4 She became a Baptist, from conscientious scruples.

1878 R. Simpson School of Shakspere I. 74 The Archbishop returned his easy insolence with a..conscientious purpose of revenge.

1923 R. Connell Friend of Napoleon in B. C. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1923 (1924) 22 A Napoleonic hat, frayed by years of conscientious brushing by Papa Chibou, was perched above a pensive waxen brow.

1975 Pop. Mech. May 108/1 The resolution calls upon the people of the United States and interested groups and organizations to observe the month of May with appropriate activities and efforts to maximize road safety by encouraging conscientious care and maintenance of automobiles.

2008 C. Page Wings of Destiny xiii. 347 The three Court members were all commended by the Air Board for their conscientious conduct of proceedings.

†b. Constituting a matter of conscience, binding on the conscience. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > [adjective] > of or relating to conscience > constituting a matter of conscience

conscientious1636

1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 101 The Authors of Superstition when they finde Customes very usefull..plant them amongst their other ceremonies, and make them conscientious.

2. Acting, or wishing to act, according to one's conscience; habitually governed by a sense of what is right; scrupulous. Also: performing, or wishing to perform, one's work or duty well and thoroughly. †Also with of.derogatory in some early uses, e.g. quots. 1648, 1779.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [adjective] > conscientious

faithfulc1400

good-heartedc1425

rigorousa1500

nice-conscienced1530

scrupulous1542

conscionable1549

punctual1609

conscientious1611

tender-conscienceda1617

conscious1628

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [adjective] > conscientious > specifically of conduct

faithfulc1400

conscionable1559

conscientious1611

scrupulous1779

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Conscientieux, conscientious..of a good conscience, full of conscience.

1638 J. Burroughs Excellency of Gracious Spirit To Rdr. sig. B4^v Hee kept an exact account of his life every day, very conscientious of honouring God to purpose, in publike and private.

1648 N. Cowling Word to LII London Ministers 9 Ye know nothing at all, neither do ye consider that our nation is like to perish, if this Iesus remain alive, you are so consciencious of shedding bloud least he should be a Prophet.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. 167 [He] had found..many Lay-men as consciencious as Clergy-men in discharging this trust.

1738 Defoe's Compl. Eng. Tradesman (ed. 4) I. vii. 72 A conscientious tradesman.

1779 H. Downman Lucius Junius Brutus v. iv. 124 Conscientious, babbling, sniveling, Mouth-watering knaves, who envy every man The dainty morsel they can't eat themselves.

1834 Pearl & Lit. Gaz. 7 June 174/2 The once moral and conscientious Gregory was an infidel and gambler of the highest grade.

1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal I. iii. 78 He is a conscientious person, and knows his duty.

1901 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 434/1 If our public schools fail to furnish an education fully as good as can be obtained in private schools, intelligent, conscientious, and well-to-do parents will withdraw their children.

1970 D. Jacobson Rape of Tamar (1980) vi. 80 Had I been less conscientious I might well have abandoned my post.

2004 Sunday Times Trav. Feb.–Mar. 63/2 Being taken away from workaday life can lower the guard of even the most conscientious diet-watcher.

II. Senses related to conscience n. II.

3. With of, that. Conscious, aware.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > consciousness > self-consciousness > [adjective]

self-feeling1595

conscient1605

conscious to oneself1611

conscientious1637

self-conscious1685

conscious1690

autonoetic1883

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [adjective] > that perceives, aware > of something

sensible?c1425

conscientious1637

conusant1651

conscious1661

sentient1814

cognizant1820

cognoscent1830

1637 J. Hales Several Tracts (1677) 181 He that is conscientious of his sin.

1648 T. Fairfax Remonstrance 36 Either not bound, or not conscientious of his bonds.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 141 The Heretick (guilty and consciencious to himselfe of Refutability).

1777 E. Allen Let. 28 Nov. in H. Hollister Pawlet for One Hundred Years (1867) 13 I being conscientious that it is not right in the sight of god to keep Slaves.

1841 H. Cockton Stanley Thorn (1856) xix. 155 I'm a fool—of course I know that I'm a fool, 'cause I was quite conscientious that the pea dodge was a do.

1855 W. H. Jelliff in Ann. Rep. Railroad & Canal Companies N.J. 22 Being conscientious of swearing upon the Bible, deponent, on this eighteenth day of January, A.D., eighteen hundred and fifty-five, was affirmed on the aforesaid affidavit before me.

1906 Friend 10 Nov. 137/1 Its possessor may exert a determined will,..only to be found conscientious of his own will and mistaken sight, rather than of the Divine will and Spirit's light.

1999 W. Gay Long Home (2000) 148 His father had built the house, a man conscientious of the plumbness of corners, the pitch of rafters.

2000 S. Cerin Origin of God iv. 62 Conscientious that I am in a bed and I am sleeping reported to my physic Universe.

Compounds

conscientious objection n. (a) an objection on the grounds of conscience to complying with a requirement (also with to); spec. a principled objection to serving in the armed forces; (b) refusal to comply with a requirement, spec. to serve in the armed forces, on the grounds of conscience (also with to).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > pacific character or disposition > [noun] > pacifism as a principle

conscientious objection1863

pacifism1902

pacificism1908

war resistance1932

1790 Brit. Mercury 12 June 338 He would never have served the offfice of Sheriff of Bedford, having a conscientious objection as a Dissenter against receiving the Sacrament, in the Church of England.

1826 R. Aspland in Services at Ordination Rev. R. Brook, Aspland, M.A. 67 I can enter into the sense and spirit of that Dissent which consists in conscientious objection to the imposition of ceremonies, in themselves indifferent, which are not of Divine ordination.

1844 Baptist Mag. 36 621/2 Why do you not, for the sake of union, cease from your sprinkling, and submit to immersion, to which you acknowledge you have no conscientious objection?

1863 Official Rec. 12 Mar. in War of Rebellion CXXIV. 64 In view of the late law of Congress compelling a compliance with military service, by all irrespective of conscientious objections, [etc.].

1873 ‘M. Twain’ Gilded Age liv. 489 Have you any conscientious objections to capital punishment?

1911 Official Yearbk. Commonw. Austral. 4 xxx. 1124 All infants in Tasmania are nominally required, under the Vaccination Act 1898, to be vaccinated before the age of 12 months, unless either (a) a statutory declaration of conscientious objection is made, or (b) a medical certificate of unfitness is received.

1916 A. Huxley Let. 10 Mar. (1969) 93 He came before the tribunal the other day to apply for exemption on the grounds of conscientious objection to war.

1932 A. Huxley Brave New World iii. 57 Conscientious objection on an enormous scale.

1968 tr. U. Scheuner in A. H. Robertson Human Rights in National & Internat. Law vi. 255 A farmer refused to join the State Association of cattle-owners for the suppression of tuberculosis in cattle, pleading conscientious objections as the member of a church which was against the imposition of legal obligations on farmers.

2005 H. Caulfield Accountability xi. 158 The reaction to termination has been a matter of conscientious objection of such importance that this is now recognised in legislation which carries over into employment practice.

conscientious objector n. (a) a person who refuses on the grounds of conscience to comply with a requirement (also with to); spec. such a person who refuses to serve in the armed forces (cf. conchie n.); (b) (in weakened sense) a person with a strong objection to something.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > pacific character or disposition > [noun] > pacifist in principle

peace man1795

antipolemist1817

pacifist1906

pacificist1907

conscientious objector1916

Percy1916

conchie1917

passivist1919

war resister1935

dove1962

1825 J. N. Pearson Whole Wks. Robert Leighton I. p. xvii Their stern determination to force that bitter morsel on conscientious objectors.

1843 Baptist Mag. Nov. 592/2 Either oaths are necessary, and in that case they should be uniformly required, or they are not necessary, and in that case they should not be required of a conscientious objector of one religious community more than of another.

1899 Whitaker's Almanack 400/1 A conscientious objector to vaccination can..escape all penalties.

1916 A. Huxley Let. 2 Mar. (1969) 92 Conscientious objectors were not so disgustingly hectored as they seem to have been in London.

1926 N. N. Puckett in Opportunity Mar. 84/1 The conscientious objector to folk-lore should also realize that not all of folk-knowledge is pure chaff.

1966 C. M. Bowra Memories 1898–1939 xiv. 352 Knowing how cruelly conscientious objectors had been treated in the First World War, I was determined to see that their cases were put intelligibly before the tribunals.

2009 G. Sheedy in P. J. Grace Nursing Ethics & Professional Responsibility in Adv. Pract. iii. xii. 364 Patients in urban areas who have insurance coverage can usually access a large or several large medical centers that offer a variety of services.., which makes it easier for a conscientious objector to find another provider who will agree to care for the patient.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	conscientious
释义	conscientiousadj. Brit. /ˌkɒnʃɪˈɛnʃəs/, U.S. /ˌkɑn(t)ʃiˈɛn(t)ʃəs/ Forms: 1600s consientious, 1600s–1700s consciencious, 1600s– conscientious. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French consciencieux. Etymology: < French consciencieux having or relating to a sensitive conscience (1527 in Middle French) < post-classical Latin conscientiosus scrupulous (14th cent.), relating to conscience (15th cent.) < classical Latin conscientia conscience n. + -ōsus -ous suffix. Compare slightly earlier consciential adj., conscionable adj. I. Senses related to conscience n. I. Cf. earlier conscionable adj. 1. a. Of or relating to conscience; performed according to conscience; well and thoroughly done; scrupulous. ΘΚΠ society > morality > [adjective] > of or relating to conscience consciential?1589 conscientious1603 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xxix. 98 Marriage is a religious and devout bond: and that is the reason the pleasure a man hath of it, should be..a voluptuousnesse somewhat circumspect and conscientious. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1957) III. 386 Of those that do goe without those conscientious deliberations. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. vii. 131 To live in the conscientious Practice of all that is Good. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 10 You have illuminated my mind and relieved me from imaginary shackles of conscientious obligation. 1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. i. 4 She became a Baptist, from conscientious scruples. 1878 R. Simpson School of Shakspere I. 74 The Archbishop returned his easy insolence with a..conscientious purpose of revenge. 1923 R. Connell Friend of Napoleon in B. C. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1923 (1924) 22 A Napoleonic hat, frayed by years of conscientious brushing by Papa Chibou, was perched above a pensive waxen brow. 1975 Pop. Mech. May 108/1 The resolution calls upon the people of the United States and interested groups and organizations to observe the month of May with appropriate activities and efforts to maximize road safety by encouraging conscientious care and maintenance of automobiles. 2008 C. Page Wings of Destiny xiii. 347 The three Court members were all commended by the Air Board for their conscientious conduct of proceedings. †b. Constituting a matter of conscience, binding on the conscience. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > [adjective] > of or relating to conscience > constituting a matter of conscience conscientious1636 1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 101 The Authors of Superstition when they finde Customes very usefull..plant them amongst their other ceremonies, and make them conscientious. 2. Acting, or wishing to act, according to one's conscience; habitually governed by a sense of what is right; scrupulous. Also: performing, or wishing to perform, one's work or duty well and thoroughly. †Also with of.derogatory in some early uses, e.g. quots. 1648, 1779. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [adjective] > conscientious faithfulc1400 good-heartedc1425 rigorousa1500 nice-conscienced1530 scrupulous1542 conscionable1549 punctual1609 conscientious1611 tender-conscienceda1617 conscious1628 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [adjective] > conscientious > specifically of conduct faithfulc1400 conscionable1559 conscientious1611 scrupulous1779 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Conscientieux, conscientious..of a good conscience, full of conscience. 1638 J. Burroughs Excellency of Gracious Spirit To Rdr. sig. B4^v Hee kept an exact account of his life every day, very conscientious of honouring God to purpose, in publike and private. 1648 N. Cowling Word to LII London Ministers 9 Ye know nothing at all, neither do ye consider that our nation is like to perish, if this Iesus remain alive, you are so consciencious of shedding bloud least he should be a Prophet. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. 167 [He] had found..many Lay-men as consciencious as Clergy-men in discharging this trust. 1738 Defoe's Compl. Eng. Tradesman (ed. 4) I. vii. 72 A conscientious tradesman. 1779 H. Downman Lucius Junius Brutus v. iv. 124 Conscientious, babbling, sniveling, Mouth-watering knaves, who envy every man The dainty morsel they can't eat themselves. 1834 Pearl & Lit. Gaz. 7 June 174/2 The once moral and conscientious Gregory was an infidel and gambler of the highest grade. 1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal I. iii. 78 He is a conscientious person, and knows his duty. 1901 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 434/1 If our public schools fail to furnish an education fully as good as can be obtained in private schools, intelligent, conscientious, and well-to-do parents will withdraw their children. 1970 D. Jacobson Rape of Tamar (1980) vi. 80 Had I been less conscientious I might well have abandoned my post. 2004 Sunday Times Trav. Feb.–Mar. 63/2 Being taken away from workaday life can lower the guard of even the most conscientious diet-watcher. II. Senses related to conscience n. II. 3. With of, that. Conscious, aware. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > consciousness > self-consciousness > [adjective] self-feeling1595 conscient1605 conscious to oneself1611 conscientious1637 self-conscious1685 conscious1690 autonoetic1883 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [adjective] > that perceives, aware > of something sensible?c1425 conscientious1637 conusant1651 conscious1661 sentient1814 cognizant1820 cognoscent1830 1637 J. Hales Several Tracts (1677) 181 He that is conscientious of his sin. 1648 T. Fairfax Remonstrance 36 Either not bound, or not conscientious of his bonds. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 141 The Heretick (guilty and consciencious to himselfe of Refutability). 1777 E. Allen Let. 28 Nov. in H. Hollister Pawlet for One Hundred Years (1867) 13 I being conscientious that it is not right in the sight of god to keep Slaves. 1841 H. Cockton Stanley Thorn (1856) xix. 155 I'm a fool—of course I know that I'm a fool, 'cause I was quite conscientious that the pea dodge was a do. 1855 W. H. Jelliff in Ann. Rep. Railroad & Canal Companies N.J. 22 Being conscientious of swearing upon the Bible, deponent, on this eighteenth day of January, A.D., eighteen hundred and fifty-five, was affirmed on the aforesaid affidavit before me. 1906 Friend 10 Nov. 137/1 Its possessor may exert a determined will,..only to be found conscientious of his own will and mistaken sight, rather than of the Divine will and Spirit's light. 1999 W. Gay Long Home (2000) 148 His father had built the house, a man conscientious of the plumbness of corners, the pitch of rafters. 2000 S. Cerin Origin of God iv. 62 Conscientious that I am in a bed and I am sleeping reported to my physic Universe. Compounds conscientious objection n. (a) an objection on the grounds of conscience to complying with a requirement (also with to); spec. a principled objection to serving in the armed forces; (b) refusal to comply with a requirement, spec. to serve in the armed forces, on the grounds of conscience (also with to). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > pacific character or disposition > [noun] > pacifism as a principle conscientious objection1863 pacifism1902 pacificism1908 war resistance1932 1790 Brit. Mercury 12 June 338 He would never have served the offfice of Sheriff of Bedford, having a conscientious objection as a Dissenter against receiving the Sacrament, in the Church of England. 1826 R. Aspland in Services at Ordination Rev. R. Brook, Aspland, M.A. 67 I can enter into the sense and spirit of that Dissent which consists in conscientious objection to the imposition of ceremonies, in themselves indifferent, which are not of Divine ordination. 1844 Baptist Mag. 36 621/2 Why do you not, for the sake of union, cease from your sprinkling, and submit to immersion, to which you acknowledge you have no conscientious objection? 1863 Official Rec. 12 Mar. in War of Rebellion CXXIV. 64 In view of the late law of Congress compelling a compliance with military service, by all irrespective of conscientious objections, [etc.]. 1873 ‘M. Twain’ Gilded Age liv. 489 Have you any conscientious objections to capital punishment? 1911 Official Yearbk. Commonw. Austral. 4 xxx. 1124 All infants in Tasmania are nominally required, under the Vaccination Act 1898, to be vaccinated before the age of 12 months, unless either (a) a statutory declaration of conscientious objection is made, or (b) a medical certificate of unfitness is received. 1916 A. Huxley Let. 10 Mar. (1969) 93 He came before the tribunal the other day to apply for exemption on the grounds of conscientious objection to war. 1932 A. Huxley Brave New World iii. 57 Conscientious objection on an enormous scale. 1968 tr. U. Scheuner in A. H. Robertson Human Rights in National & Internat. Law vi. 255 A farmer refused to join the State Association of cattle-owners for the suppression of tuberculosis in cattle, pleading conscientious objections as the member of a church which was against the imposition of legal obligations on farmers. 2005 H. Caulfield Accountability xi. 158 The reaction to termination has been a matter of conscientious objection of such importance that this is now recognised in legislation which carries over into employment practice. conscientious objector n. (a) a person who refuses on the grounds of conscience to comply with a requirement (also with to); spec. such a person who refuses to serve in the armed forces (cf. conchie n.); (b) (in weakened sense) a person with a strong objection to something. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > pacific character or disposition > [noun] > pacifist in principle peace man1795 antipolemist1817 pacifist1906 pacificist1907 conscientious objector1916 Percy1916 conchie1917 passivist1919 war resister1935 dove1962 1825 J. N. Pearson Whole Wks. Robert Leighton I. p. xvii Their stern determination to force that bitter morsel on conscientious objectors. 1843 Baptist Mag. Nov. 592/2 Either oaths are necessary, and in that case they should be uniformly required, or they are not necessary, and in that case they should not be required of a conscientious objector of one religious community more than of another. 1899 Whitaker's Almanack 400/1 A conscientious objector to vaccination can..escape all penalties. 1916 A. Huxley Let. 2 Mar. (1969) 92 Conscientious objectors were not so disgustingly hectored as they seem to have been in London. 1926 N. N. Puckett in Opportunity Mar. 84/1 The conscientious objector to folk-lore should also realize that not all of folk-knowledge is pure chaff. 1966 C. M. Bowra Memories 1898–1939 xiv. 352 Knowing how cruelly conscientious objectors had been treated in the First World War, I was determined to see that their cases were put intelligibly before the tribunals. 2009 G. Sheedy in P. J. Grace Nursing Ethics & Professional Responsibility in Adv. Pract. iii. xii. 364 Patients in urban areas who have insurance coverage can usually access a large or several large medical centers that offer a variety of services.., which makes it easier for a conscientious objector to find another provider who will agree to care for the patient. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1603
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