consolidationn.

/kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃən/

Etymology: < Latin consolidātiōn-em, noun of action < consolidāre to consolidate adj.: compare French consolidation (16th cent. in Littré).

1. The action of making solid, or of forming into a solid or compact mass; solidification.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > becoming or making dense or solid

congelation1393

indencion1547

condensation1603

consolidation1603

densation1615

incrassation1633

fictation1655

solidation1656

solidification1811

densening1884

densing1888

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1346 Those temperatures, heats, tinctures, and consolidations (if I may so say) which have beene talked of.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 96 The Consolidation of the Marble, and of the Stone..did not fall out at random.

1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. i. 29 Formed simply by the consolidation of fibrin.

1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 6) ix. 303 Think of the ages which the molten earth required for its consolidation.

2. figurative. A making firm or strong; confirmation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun]

strenghinga1400

strengthc1400

affirmance1442

roboration1473

confirmation1520

corroboration1529

fortification1530

strengthening1535

hardening1544

establishment1561

re-enforcement1577

comforting1605

reinforcement1605

consolidation1611

establishing1846

undergirding1868

entrenchment1877

entrenching1950

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Consolidation, a consolidation, a strengthening, sound-making.

a1648 Ld. Herbert Life Henry VIII (1649) 11 He first offered a League..to Henry the seventh and (for consolidation thereof) his daughter Margaret.

1787 Jrnl. Convention 368 in Story Comm. Const. U.S. I. 256 We kept steadily in view that which appeared to us the greatest interest of every true American, the consolidation of our Union.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xii. 588 The prosperity and consolidation of the British Empire in India.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 258 A period of comparative peace, which he devoted to the consolidation of his power.

3. Combination into a compact mass, single body, or coherent whole; combination, unification.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > action or fact of combining

compositionc1386

combining1552

combination1604

coalition1605

systasis1605

combinement1606

integration1620

conflation1626

complexion1628

coincidence1647

integrating1654

complication1655

consolidationa1676

composure1715

join-worka1774

amalgamy1788

amalgamation1828

synthesizing1830

synthesisa1834

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > composite collectiveness > agglomeration or conglomeration

congregationc1374

conglomeration1626

glomeration1626

agglomeration1661

club1664

consolidationa1676

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. ii. 45 The union and consolidation of the vegetable juice to the divers parts of the individual.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxiii. 145 Wherein consisted the union, or consolidation of the parts of those Bonds, or of that Cement.

1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 104 Are we to infer that no consolidation of the German clans..had been effected.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire v. 234 The first germs of social consolidation and growth.

4. In various specific applications:

†a. Surgery. The uniting of the fractures of a broken bone, of the lips of a wound, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > [noun] > uniting fractures, wounds, etc.

consolidationc1400

consoudingc1400

conglutination?1541

first intention1543

glutination1607

consolidating1654

synthesis1706

symphysis1767

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 35 Be war þat..no þing ellis þat lettiþ consolidacioun falle bitwene þe lippis of þe wounde.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 48 Þe boon may neuere wiþ verri consolidacion be consowdid.

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Cj There is .ij. manners of consolydacyon, one is trewe.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 267 This Membrane, the hole after birth when there is no more vse of it, might sooner bee souldered vp, having a principle of consolidation so neere and ready at hand.

b. The uniting of two benefices or offices.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > [noun] > uniting of

uniona1475

consolidation1511

unition1511

society > authority > office > [noun] > uniting of two offices

consolidation1796

1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 17 §14 The appropriacion unycion or consolidacione of the same Patronage..to the said Abbot and Convent.

1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII c. 21 §3 An Union or Consolidation of two Churches in one.

1712 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 4) 62 The lawful Reasons for a Consolidation were, 1. The vicinity of the Churches.

1796 S. Pegge Anonymiana (1809) 444 Consolidation, or the union of divers places in the person of one man, is a great obstacle to justice and equity.

c. Civil Law. ‘The uniting the possession, occupancy, or profits, etc. of land with the property, and vice versa’ (Wharton). Feudal Law. ‘The reunion of the property, or dominium utile, with the superiority, or dominium directum, after they have been feudally disjoined’ (Bell Dict. Law Scotl.)

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > [noun] > uniting occupancy, profits, etc., with property

consolidation1641

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 78 In this case a consolidation is made of the profits and propertie.

d. Legislation. The combination of two or more bills, acts, or statutes in one; the bringing together in one act of a number of enactments or provisions bearing upon a certain subject.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legislation > [noun] > consolidation

consolidation1721

1721 J. Aislabie Speech Lords 19 July 2 It was some Surprize to me to find myself translated all on a sudden into this Bill against the Directors, under the new-fashion'd Term of Consolidation, without any new offence given, or Cause assign'd.

1846 Penny Cycl. Suppl. II. 661/1 To remedy these inconveniences several acts were passed in the session of 1845, which are now commonly called the ‘Consolidation Acts’. The first is the ‘Companies' Clauses Consolidation Act’ by which were consolidated all the provisions which had usually been inserted in acts with respect to the constitution of companies incorporated for carrying on undertakings of a public nature.

e. Law. The merging of two or more actions at law by a court or judge, in order to avoid the expense and delay arising from the trial of a multiplicity of actions upon the same question.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > joining of two parties against another > merging of actions by court

consolidation1817

1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 923 In actions upon a policy of assurance against several underwriters, the court, by consent of the plaintiff, will make a rule, on the application of the defendants, which is called the consolidation rule, for staying the proceedings in all the actions except one, upon the defendants undertaking to be bound by the verdict in that action.

f. Finance. The combining of two or more sources of revenue into a common fund, or of varied forms of public indebtedness into a stock bearing interest at a uniform rate.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > income of a nation or state > uniting revenues in a single fund

consolidation1785

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [noun] > a debt > national or public debt > combining various sources of

consolidation1785

1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts 28 Feb. in Wks. IV. 210 Collected into a second debt from the nabob of Arcot, amounting to two millions four hundred thousand pounds..This is known by the name of the Consolidation of 1777.

1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts 28 Feb. in Wks. IV. 250 When this consolidation of 1777 was first announced at the Durbar, it was represented authentically at 2,400,000l.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation ii. v. 230 In 1787..Mr. Pitt introduced and carried his famous measure, the 27 Geo. III. cap. 13, for the consolidation of the customs duties.

1870 Daily News 14 Feb. The Bill for the consolidation of the [Prussian] debt.

g. Botany. = adnation n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [noun] > adhesion of parts

adnation1850

consolidation1851

1851 G. A. Mantell Petrifactions 48 Formed by the confluence and consolidation of the bases of the petioles.

5. U.S. In full consolidation locomotive: see quot. a1884 and consolidated adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1875 M. N. Forney Catechism of Locomotive 432 Consolidation locomotives,..which have eight driving-wheels, are employed almost exclusively for traffic over heavy mountain grades.

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 218/2 Consolidation (Locomotive), a type of freight locomotive, the name of the engine, the first in its class, built in 1866, at the Baldwin locomotive works.

1898 Engin. Mag. 16 160/1 Consolidation Locomotive for the Chesapeake & Ohio.

1947 L. M. Beebe Mixed Train Daily 67 Its motive power is all drawn from the ranks of the Southern's ten-wheelers and Consolidations.

6. A company formed by combining several. U.S.

ΚΠ

1882 Rep. Precious Metals U.S. 74 The consolidation owns about 35 miles of ditches.

Draft additions October 2009

consolidation loan n. a loan combining a number of existing debts into one repayment plan.

ΚΠ

1848 W. C. Smedes & T. A. Marshall Rep. High Court Mississippi 10 362 I further waive any advantage which I might otherwise legally avail myself of under the consolidation loan of 1837.

1956 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 64 126 The external position of the country was further improved in 1954 by a consolidation loan from the American Jewry converting short-term to long-term debts.

1968 N.Y. Times 15 Feb. 70/1 If you are employed and you qualify, one of the best ways to start is to apply for a consolidation loan at a commercial bank.

2003 Sun (Nexis) 5 Mar. Consolidation loans are not the solution to your problems. They just make them worse.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	consolidation
释义	consolidationn. /kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃən/ Etymology: < Latin consolidātiōn-em, noun of action < consolidāre to consolidate adj.: compare French consolidation (16th cent. in Littré). 1. The action of making solid, or of forming into a solid or compact mass; solidification. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > becoming or making dense or solid congelation1393 indencion1547 condensation1603 consolidation1603 densation1615 incrassation1633 fictation1655 solidation1656 solidification1811 densening1884 densing1888 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1346 Those temperatures, heats, tinctures, and consolidations (if I may so say) which have beene talked of. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 96 The Consolidation of the Marble, and of the Stone..did not fall out at random. 1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. i. 29 Formed simply by the consolidation of fibrin. 1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 6) ix. 303 Think of the ages which the molten earth required for its consolidation. 2. figurative. A making firm or strong; confirmation. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] strenghinga1400 strengthc1400 affirmance1442 roboration1473 confirmation1520 corroboration1529 fortification1530 strengthening1535 hardening1544 establishment1561 re-enforcement1577 comforting1605 reinforcement1605 consolidation1611 establishing1846 undergirding1868 entrenchment1877 entrenching1950 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Consolidation, a consolidation, a strengthening, sound-making. a1648 Ld. Herbert Life Henry VIII (1649) 11 He first offered a League..to Henry the seventh and (for consolidation thereof) his daughter Margaret. 1787 Jrnl. Convention 368 in Story Comm. Const. U.S. I. 256 We kept steadily in view that which appeared to us the greatest interest of every true American, the consolidation of our Union. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xii. 588 The prosperity and consolidation of the British Empire in India. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 258 A period of comparative peace, which he devoted to the consolidation of his power. 3. Combination into a compact mass, single body, or coherent whole; combination, unification. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > action or fact of combining compositionc1386 combining1552 combination1604 coalition1605 systasis1605 combinement1606 integration1620 conflation1626 complexion1628 coincidence1647 integrating1654 complication1655 consolidationa1676 composure1715 join-worka1774 amalgamy1788 amalgamation1828 synthesizing1830 synthesisa1834 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > composite collectiveness > agglomeration or conglomeration congregationc1374 conglomeration1626 glomeration1626 agglomeration1661 club1664 consolidationa1676 a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. ii. 45 The union and consolidation of the vegetable juice to the divers parts of the individual. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxiii. 145 Wherein consisted the union, or consolidation of the parts of those Bonds, or of that Cement. 1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 104 Are we to infer that no consolidation of the German clans..had been effected. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire v. 234 The first germs of social consolidation and growth. 4. In various specific applications: †a. Surgery. The uniting of the fractures of a broken bone, of the lips of a wound, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > [noun] > uniting fractures, wounds, etc. consolidationc1400 consoudingc1400 conglutination?1541 first intention1543 glutination1607 consolidating1654 synthesis1706 symphysis1767 c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 35 Be war þat..no þing ellis þat lettiþ consolidacioun falle bitwene þe lippis of þe wounde. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 48 Þe boon may neuere wiþ verri consolidacion be consowdid. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Cj There is .ij. manners of consolydacyon, one is trewe. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 267 This Membrane, the hole after birth when there is no more vse of it, might sooner bee souldered vp, having a principle of consolidation so neere and ready at hand. b. The uniting of two benefices or offices. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > [noun] > uniting of uniona1475 consolidation1511 unition1511 society > authority > office > [noun] > uniting of two offices consolidation1796 1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 17 §14 The appropriacion unycion or consolidacione of the same Patronage..to the said Abbot and Convent. 1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII c. 21 §3 An Union or Consolidation of two Churches in one. 1712 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 4) 62 The lawful Reasons for a Consolidation were, 1. The vicinity of the Churches. 1796 S. Pegge Anonymiana (1809) 444 Consolidation, or the union of divers places in the person of one man, is a great obstacle to justice and equity. c. Civil Law. ‘The uniting the possession, occupancy, or profits, etc. of land with the property, and vice versa’ (Wharton). Feudal Law. ‘The reunion of the property, or dominium utile, with the superiority, or dominium directum, after they have been feudally disjoined’ (Bell Dict. Law Scotl.) ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > [noun] > uniting occupancy, profits, etc., with property consolidation1641 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 78 In this case a consolidation is made of the profits and propertie. d. Legislation. The combination of two or more bills, acts, or statutes in one; the bringing together in one act of a number of enactments or provisions bearing upon a certain subject. ΘΚΠ society > law > legislation > [noun] > consolidation consolidation1721 1721 J. Aislabie Speech Lords 19 July 2 It was some Surprize to me to find myself translated all on a sudden into this Bill against the Directors, under the new-fashion'd Term of Consolidation, without any new offence given, or Cause assign'd. 1846 Penny Cycl. Suppl. II. 661/1 To remedy these inconveniences several acts were passed in the session of 1845, which are now commonly called the ‘Consolidation Acts’. The first is the ‘Companies' Clauses Consolidation Act’ by which were consolidated all the provisions which had usually been inserted in acts with respect to the constitution of companies incorporated for carrying on undertakings of a public nature. e. Law. The merging of two or more actions at law by a court or judge, in order to avoid the expense and delay arising from the trial of a multiplicity of actions upon the same question. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > joining of two parties against another > merging of actions by court consolidation1817 1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 923 In actions upon a policy of assurance against several underwriters, the court, by consent of the plaintiff, will make a rule, on the application of the defendants, which is called the consolidation rule, for staying the proceedings in all the actions except one, upon the defendants undertaking to be bound by the verdict in that action. f. Finance. The combining of two or more sources of revenue into a common fund, or of varied forms of public indebtedness into a stock bearing interest at a uniform rate. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > income of a nation or state > uniting revenues in a single fund consolidation1785 society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [noun] > a debt > national or public debt > combining various sources of consolidation1785 1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts 28 Feb. in Wks. IV. 210 Collected into a second debt from the nabob of Arcot, amounting to two millions four hundred thousand pounds..This is known by the name of the Consolidation of 1777. 1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts 28 Feb. in Wks. IV. 250 When this consolidation of 1777 was first announced at the Durbar, it was represented authentically at 2,400,000l. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation ii. v. 230 In 1787..Mr. Pitt introduced and carried his famous measure, the 27 Geo. III. cap. 13, for the consolidation of the customs duties. 1870 Daily News 14 Feb. The Bill for the consolidation of the [Prussian] debt. g. Botany. = adnation n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [noun] > adhesion of parts adnation1850 consolidation1851 1851 G. A. Mantell Petrifactions 48 Formed by the confluence and consolidation of the bases of the petioles. 5. U.S. In full consolidation locomotive: see quot. a1884 and consolidated adj. 2. ΚΠ 1875 M. N. Forney Catechism of Locomotive 432 Consolidation locomotives,..which have eight driving-wheels, are employed almost exclusively for traffic over heavy mountain grades. a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 218/2 Consolidation (Locomotive), a type of freight locomotive, the name of the engine, the first in its class, built in 1866, at the Baldwin locomotive works. 1898 Engin. Mag. 16 160/1 Consolidation Locomotive for the Chesapeake & Ohio. 1947 L. M. Beebe Mixed Train Daily 67 Its motive power is all drawn from the ranks of the Southern's ten-wheelers and Consolidations. 6. A company formed by combining several. U.S. ΚΠ 1882 Rep. Precious Metals U.S. 74 The consolidation owns about 35 miles of ditches. Draft additions October 2009 consolidation loan n. a loan combining a number of existing debts into one repayment plan. ΚΠ 1848 W. C. Smedes & T. A. Marshall Rep. High Court Mississippi 10 362 I further waive any advantage which I might otherwise legally avail myself of under the consolidation loan of 1837. 1956 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 64 126 The external position of the country was further improved in 1954 by a consolidation loan from the American Jewry converting short-term to long-term debts. 1968 N.Y. Times 15 Feb. 70/1 If you are employed and you qualify, one of the best ways to start is to apply for a consolidation loan at a commercial bank. 2003 Sun (Nexis) 5 Mar. Consolidation loans are not the solution to your problems. They just make them worse. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.c1400
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