| 释义 |
controllern. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French contrerollour , controlleur ; control v., -er suffix1. Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman contrerollour, countreroullour, contrerouler, controullour, controllour, countrollour, Anglo-Norman and Middle French contrerolleur, Middle French controleur, controlleur (French contrôleur ) person who keeps a duplicate register or record as a check on a treasurer or person in charge of accounts (late 13th cent. or earlier in Old French), official in charge of the king's household (early 14th cent. or earlier), steward in charge of a household (end of the 14th cent. or earlier) < Anglo-Norman contreroller , contrerouller control v. + -our -our suffix. In later use partly also < control v. + -er suffix1. Compare comptroller n.Compare post-classical Latin contrarotulator (frequently from 1220 in British sources; from 14th cent. in continental sources), contrarotularius , contrarotulatorius (13th cent. in British sources). With sense 3 compare Middle French (adjective, designating a woman) contreroleuse censorious, that criticizes (1400), (noun) contrerolleur censorious critic (c1460). With forms in -or and -our compare -or suffix, -our suffix. The form controwar shows vocalization of the medial l. society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > [noun] > auditor a1400 W. Langland (Corpus Cambr.) (1873) C. xii. l. 298 Counteroller [c1400 Huntington HM 137 Selde..falleþ þe seruant so deepe in arrirages As doþ þe reyue oþer þe conterroller þat rekene mot and a-counte; a1400 Laud 656 counterrollers, c1400 Trin. Cambr. countrollour]. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 550 in (2002) i. 317 Þer-fore þo countrollour..Wrytes vp þo somme as euery day. 1653 tr. L. van Aitzema 599 First and presiding Counsellor and Controller in the Chamber of Accounts. 1719 G. Jacob xii. 309 There are three Controllers.., viz. of the Treasury Accompts, Victuallers Accompts, and Store-keepers Accompts. 2. society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > manager or administrator society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > controller 1422 in H. Nicolas (1834) III. 17 Þe revenues..ben gretly encresede or anientischede by coustumers, countrollours, poisours, serchers, and alle suche oþere officers. 1423–4 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1423 §55. m. 31 That the kynges assaiour..and semblably the countroullour of the mynte, be present, whenne ane such billon of silver is brought in to the mynte. 1441 in H. Nicolas (1835) V. 165 (MED) For þe which tyme þer was no controller of Caleys. 1594 T. Blundeville vii. xi. f. 312 William Borough controller of her Maiesties Nauie. 1686 R. Plot viii. 277 Controller of all the Excise in England and Wales. 1768 P. Timothy Let. 3 Sept. in B. Franklin (1972) XV. 201 The new Watch-House..is raised a story beyond the first Design, to contain the Treasurer's, Country Controller's, and Powder Receiver's Offices. 1883 8 Feb. 2/2 He may appeal to the Controller of the Currency, who shall cause a reappraisal to be made. 1934 F. LaGuardia in 10 July 3/5 The Controller has, since the first of the year, cut the rental budget in the appropriation for non-budget rents to the extent of $531,000. 1972 14 July 16/6 David Attenborough, controller of BBC TV programmes. 1986 N. A. M. Rodger (1988) i. 33 The Principal Officers were the Controller, the Surveyor, the Clerk of Acts, and the Controllers of Treasurer's, Victualling and Storekeeper's Accounts. 2009 J. L. Korey vii. 75 Before the state can pay its bills, the controller must ascertain that the expenditures are proper. society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > controller 1432 in (1904) II. 35 Thoo that [shal] be aboute the Kinges persone,..the Stuard, Chamberlein, Tresoror, Contrerollor. 1441 King Henry VI Let. 19 Jan. in H. Ellis (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 107 Sir Thomas Stanley, countrollour of oure householde. a1456 (a1426) J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 675 (heading) Nowe foloweþe..a bille by wey of supplicacion putte to þe kyng..devysed by Lydegate at þe request of þe Countre Roullour. 1461 C. Paston in (2004) I. 200 Þe sewere wyll not tak no men no dischys till þey be comawndyd by þe cownterrollere. a1552 J. Leland (1711) VI. 2 One Fogge..that was Countrowlar to Edward the Fowrthe. a1629 W. Hinde (1641) xxxv. 110 Her father..[was] with that honorable Personage Henry Earle of Darby, being Controller of his house. 1781 Chron. 218/2 Died. Sir John Delafont, Kt. aged 96, Clerk Controller of the kitchen to George I. 1890 25 Dec. 1313/1 The lay staff includes a Controller of the Closet, who gets £50 a year for doing absolutely nothing whatever. 1907 W. R. Anson (ed. 3) II. i. iii. 143 Two offices, those of Treasurer and Controller of the Household, are usually held by two members of the House of Commons who..act as Whips for the Government of the day. 1991 C. Hibbert ii. 21 Foreign ambassadors escorted by the Controller of the Household. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > [noun] > dispraiser > one who censures or condemns 1534 tr. L. Valla sig. F.iii How many controllers & iuges of mennes maners, called Censores [L. quot censores]. 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace sig. Giiijv Of dumpishnes, enuye, and ire A sharpe controwler he. 1583 W. Fulke xviii. 532 These controllers..of the Latin text by the Hebrew. 1590 R. Harvey sig. D3 Pert Controulers of Magistracy. 1610 Bp. J. Hall ii. 5 My omissions were of ignorance..An easie imputation from so great a Controuler. 1614 W. Camden (rev. ed.) 16 The hypercriticall controuller of Poets, Iulius Scaliger doth so seuerely censure Nations. 1719 F. Bragge (ed. 3) II. 195 They would have set the Rabble upon him too, as too severe a Controuler of their Vices. a1779 W. Warburton (1788) V. 537 They erect themselves into Controllers of the conduct of their Governors. 4. society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun] > one who or that which restrains a1540 R. Barnes All Men Bounde to receiue Holy Communion in W. Tyndale et al. (1573) ii. 312/1 Priestes that lyue vnlawfully..bee in euery mans houses & company, and rulers, and counsellers, and controllers. 1629 W. Prynne 79 It makes the great controwler of the world, a bare spectator. 1750 M. Jones 133 Charlot, who my controller is chief,..To all my measures puts a stop. 1773 J. Priestley II. 74 God [is] the sole controller of the laws. 1825 J. McHenry I. ii. 18 He encouraged this admiration for the great masters of song, the mighty controllers of the human heart. 1884 Oct. 518 The State stands..as regulator and controller of the family. 1937 82 50/1 We would not..do more than note in passing Raphael's plea for the preservation of antiquities and his appointment as controller of monuments by Pope Leo X. 1991 N. Wyn Ellis ii. 80 As Treasury Secretary in a Treasury-dominated government, he was witness, arbiter and ultimate controller of the way every department of state set its budgets. society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > thing personified as 1611 W. Cowper ii. iv. 90 It [sc. conscience] sits in the soule as a Controller both of the thoughts, of the minde, and desires of the will. 1630 tr. G. Botero (rev. ed.) 588 The puissance of their neighbours hath beene..a controler to their famous invasions. 1654 R. Whitlock 343 Feare, the controuler onely of those that would be bad. 1707 44 Wanting the great Assistance or Controulers of the natural Motions in Diseases. 1845 S. Dickson iii. 60 Strengthen the brain, and in few instances will you have any trouble about the heart. The brain is the great controller of every function. 1864 J. H. Burton I. v. 250 Catholicism was the great rival and controller of the feudal strength and tyranny. 1917 F. B. Morrill iii. 45 Fate..is the great controller of human affairs. 1990 July 28/1 The existence of close ties between cancer and the central controllers of cell growth is not surprising. 5. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > [noun] society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > motor > [noun] > other parts of society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > other specific mechanisms 1836 Apr. 212 I am, Sir, &c. James Brown, Patentee of the Improved Capstan and Chain-Cable, Stopper and Controller. 1868 G. S. Nares (ed. 4) 129 A link of the cable, which in running out is caught in the controller. 1881 1/1 Suitable circuit-controllers are employed to cause only one of the said magnets at each instrument to be in circuit at a time. 1917 1 Nov. 1057/1 The controller works in unison with the drum of the hoist. 1945 D. P. Eckman x. 202 Many simple controllers serve in industrial process control as safety devices to protect process equipment from overloads. 1961 M. G. Say (ed. 10) xviii. 18 A power controller gives the driver complete control over all locomotive movement. 1987 D. Milano 56 Some controllers have full-size piano-like keyboards, with weighted actions and an 88-note range. 1997 18 Sept. 3/1 (advt.) You'll work with equipment as varied as..voltage controllers, artificial horizons, flight data recorders and weapon electronics. 2005 K. E. Heselton x. 315/2 The heat transfer..from the tube of the thermo-mechanical controller to the surrounding air is increased slightly. 1970 49 2843 The sequencer extracts the four bits from the status report which corresponds to the current disk sector being accessed by the disk controller. 1983 3 Oct. 4/2 The company's recently introduced Integrated Memory Subsystem..contains the memory controller and 1.5M bytes of memory on a single board. 1996 July 164/1 The controller then sends the pixel information to the card's on-board RAM. 2013 R. Parekh (ed. 2) i. 22 For earlier generation video cards, the controller simply passed on the data from the processor to the monitor after conversion. 1976 5 Dec. 6 (advt.) The unit attaches to the TV antenna terminal. Plays hockey, tennis, or handball. Individual game controllers. 1982 8 Nov. 37/3 My program would not boot unless I plugged the controller into game port B in the back of the Apple. 2008 (ed. 4) iii. 46 The game port is going the way of the dodo (thanks once again, as you might guess, to USB game controllers). 2009 10 Oct. b3/1 Her fist tightly clutching around the Wii controller, she moved her arm forward, as if she's swinging a bowling ball. Compounds society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > senior or chief public officials > [noun] > controller-general 1562 in (1888) App. iii. 143 Controller generall of all ye Cities hospitalles. 1657 H. Some tr. P. Pellison-Fontanier ii. 31 John Desmarests.., Counsellor to the King, Controller General in extraordinary in the wars. 1745 77 A List of the Commissioners, Officers, and others belonging to His Majesty's Customs... Principal Controller-General of the Accounts of the Customs, Robert Parsons, Esq. 1863 P. Barry 58 The Controller-General should also submit a carefully prepared estimate of the entire cost of the ship. 1911 J. H. Rose Introd. 5 The events of the next six years turned essentially on the management of the finances of the rival Powers by Pitt and by the Controllers-General of Versailles. 1997 J. Williams vii. 182/2 Law's ambitions went far beyond a bank directorship and personal wealth. In January of 1720 he was made Controller-General of France. Derivatives society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > controller > office of (?1526) sig. A.iiiiv In thoffyce of Countrollershype. 1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe ii. f. 120v As long as this Monarchie may beare vniuersall controllership, there is no place of refuge, left for sincere religion. 1584 89 Inforcing him to for-go the Countrollership of Woodstock. 1665 D. Lloyd 380 In stead of the more troublesome Place, the Government of Berwick, she conferred on him that more honourable, the Controllership of her Houshold. 1837 T. Carlyle I. ii. v. 65 We saw Turgot cast forth from the Controllership. 1871 8 Feb. In 1868..the Controllership of the Navy was associated with the office of Third Lord of the Admiralty. 2009 S. Elmes 36 Ian McIntyre took over the controllership of Radio 3. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1400 |
