albinon.adj.

Brit.

/alˈbiːnəʊ/, U.S.

/ælˈbaɪˌnoʊ/

Inflections: Plural albinoes, albinos.

Forms: 1700s– albino, 1800s albinos.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Portuguese. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Etymons: Portuguese albino; Spanish albino.

Etymology: < (i) Portuguese albino (1727), and its etymon (ii) Spanish albino (1609 as †albiño in the passage translated in quot. 1708 at sense A. 1) < albo white ( < classical Latin albus white: see album n.²) + -ino , suffix forming nouns (compare -ine suffix⁴). Compare French albinos, noun (1665) and adjective (1845).Pronunciations with a diphthong in the second syllable were apparently the norm in British as well as U.S. English for most of the 19th cent., with /ælˈbiːnəʊ/ given only occasionally as an alternative in British sources. N.E.D. (1884) records the pronunciation as (æ̆lbī·no, æ̆lbəi·no) /ælˈbiːnəʊ/, /ælˈbaɪnəʊ/, and D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. (1917) likewise gives priority to /ælˈbiːnəʊ/, with a variant with a diphthong being listed as an alternative British pronunciation in editions up until 1924. Editions of Webster do not list the pronunciation with /iː/ until 1911, when it is labelled ‘esp. Brit.’.

A. n.

1. A person with abnormally pale skin, hair, and eyes, resulting from congenital absence of the pigment melanin; a person affected with albinism.In the most complete forms of albinism, the hair is white, the skin is milky, and the eyes appear pinkish, with translucent grey or pale blue irises.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > abnormal pigmentation > albinism > person

albino1708

kakkerlak1777

albiness1800

leucaethiop1860

moon child1923

1708 J. Stevens tr. B. L. de Argensola Discov. Molucco & Philippine Islands ii. 49 in New Coll. Voy. & Trav. Among these Black-men there are some as White and fair as the Germans...Those in Spain are call'd Albinos [Sp. En España los llamamos Albiños].

1746 New Gen. Coll. Voy. & Trav. III. iv. i. 221/2 The same Author adds, that the Portugueze call these white Moors, Albinos, and attempted to take some of them Prisoners in the Wars.

1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia vi. 131 Three of these Albinos were sisters, having two other full sisters who were black.

1808 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 85 Her mother's first child, a girl, is also an albiness..the fifth, a boy, is an albino.

1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth I. iii. 132 The wretched inmate of a similar mansion, when produced before a medical examiner, was reported to be a complete Albinos.

1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight ii. 15 The eyes of albinos are pink..from the red blood in the vessels of the choroid in which also pigment is absent.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) iii. 56 They [sc. melanins] are met with in all human beings with the exception of albinos, in whom they are lacking; albinism is a congenital defect in their production.

1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses (1998) 292 Truly, he is exceptional, a seven-foot albino, his hair the palest rose, the whites of his eyes likewise, his features unmistakably Indian.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 17 Feb. d5/5 Growing up as an albino in Canada, Peter..had to endure taunts like ‘Snowflake’ and ‘Snow White’.

2. An animal which is abnormally white or pale because of a congenital lack of pigment, esp. of melanin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of animals generally > [noun] > abnormal pigmentation > animal

albino1807

melano1902

melanic1920

1807 W. Lawrence tr. J. F. Blumenbach Short Syst. Compar. Anat. xxi. 363 I know, however, no instance of an albino among cold-blooded animals.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species v. 163 A white ass, but not an albino.

1874 E. Coues Birds Northwest 47 A curious partial albino, which had the plumage irregularly blotched with pure white.

1911 R. C. Punnett Mendelism (ed. 3) v. 46 The F₂ generation from such a cross consists of agoutis and albinos in the ratio 3:1.

1959 Corpus Christi (Texas) Times 7 Sept. 10/4 These freak animals [sc. white tigers] are believed to be albinos... More probably they are partial albinos, since their eyes are blue and not pink.

1994 J. Cohen & I. Stewart Collapse of Chaos iv. 117 If a mutation occurs in that sequence, then the protein doesn't get made, so no pigment gets made, so you get unpigmented animals, albinos.

2011 Independent 25 May 16/4 A magnificent white peacock... The bird is not an albino but an example of leucism, a condition that results in low levels of all pigmentation, rather than just melanin.

3. A plant with abnormally pale leaves and stem because of a chlorophyll deficiency, due to either a genetic abnormality or insufficient light exposure (cf. etiolation n. 1). Also (more generally): a flower, fruit, or vegetable which lacks its usual colour and so is white or abnormally pale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > plant lacking chlorophyll

albino1862

1862 Proc. Royal Hort. Soc. 2 730 This was not an albino from birth, but has run since. I can never get pure albinoes to live beyond the seed leaf.

1886 Harper’s Mag. July 281/2 In this field he found a bush producing white berries. In brief, he found an albino of the Cuthbert.

1901 Science 15 Feb. 247/1 These albinos have the normal vigour and in every way adhere to the type, except in the lack of a capacity to produce chlorophyll.

1956 Amer. Biol. Teacher 18 98/1 Pure albinos will not develop as they have a chlorophyll deficiency.

2008 R. K. Newman & C. W. Newman Barley for Food & Health ii. 24 Because of the chlorophyll, the leaf of normal barley is completely green, but chlorophyll content varies and in extreme cases is so low that the plant is considered an albino.

B. adj.

That is an albino; lacking normal pigmentation; affected with albinism.

a. Of a person.

ΚΠ

1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia vi. 132 She had an Albino child by a black man. It died at the age of a few weeks.

1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia at Homo Among these eleven cases not one albino girl has been found.

1834 Nat. Philos. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) III. 62/1 The albino varieties in mankind.

1900 Biol. Bull. 2 126 The ancestors of half of the first generation were exclusively albino for many generations.

1977 ‘J. le Carré’ Honourable Schoolboy i. xii. 260 Murphy was so fair he was nearly albino.

2002 N. Porath in G. Benjamin & C. Chou Tribal Communities Malay World (2003) iv. 102 The king would surround himself with other characters that piqued his curiosity. Common were albino men and women, dwarfs, and other individuals with an uncommon appearance.

b. Of an animal.

ΚΠ

1833 Lancet 20 July 523/2 I have also shown that in the albino animal, in which there is no colouring matter, that the membrane is at its minimum of development.

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind x. 274 In Africa, the albino buffalo shares the sanctity of the elephant.

1931 Anat. Rec. 49 180 In an original trial run on five albino rats..three became pseudopregnant.

1969 Science 23 May 966/1 Separate tanks containing six albino channel catfish.

2005 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 9 Oct. (Herald-Times ed.) h2/1 True albino birds of any species are exceedingly rare.

c. Of a plant or plant part.

ΚΠ

1849 Phytologist 3 486 Dr. Steele sends an Albino variety of Euphrasia Odontites, with white flowers and pale green stems.

1879 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Albino plants may be obtained by causing them to germinate and grow in a damp place. No chlorophyll is formed and they are said to be etiolated.

1936 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 23 381/2 At this stage the green and the albino seedlings were of approximately the same size, both displaying a well developed leaf surface.

1980 M. G. Schmidt Growing Calif. Native Plants 178 Flowers: Open, large, of narrow segments, vivid blue to blue-purple, rarely albino.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 20 Nov. ix. 3/2 Requests for small albino pumpkins (also known as Caspers or Baby Boos) have been pouring in.

Derivatives

alˈbinic adj. = albinistic adj.; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [adjective] > abnormal pigmentation > albinism

leucaethiopic1819

albinic1833

albinoid1836

albinotic1864

albinistic?1865

1833 Atlantic Jrnl. 1 171/1 Albinic varieties or Natural Deviations.

1903 Science 9 Jan. 75/2 Two of the sons, apparently, married wives who were ‘pure dominants’, i.e., who were entirely free from the recessive (albinic) character.

1984 Zool. Sci. 1 309/2 Three produced albinic tadpoles together with nearly the same number of wild-type tadpoles.

2002 A. Phillips Prague i. xvi. 66 Fifteen-year-old Russian twin brothers, one massaging an ancient upright bass with albinic patches of fading stain.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	albino
释义	albinon.adj. Brit. /alˈbiːnəʊ/, U.S. /ælˈbaɪˌnoʊ/ Inflections: Plural albinoes, albinos. Forms: 1700s– albino, 1800s albinos. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Portuguese. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Etymons: Portuguese albino; Spanish albino. Etymology: < (i) Portuguese albino (1727), and its etymon (ii) Spanish albino (1609 as †albiño in the passage translated in quot. 1708 at sense A. 1) < albo white ( < classical Latin albus white: see album n.²) + -ino , suffix forming nouns (compare -ine suffix⁴). Compare French albinos, noun (1665) and adjective (1845).Pronunciations with a diphthong in the second syllable were apparently the norm in British as well as U.S. English for most of the 19th cent., with /ælˈbiːnəʊ/ given only occasionally as an alternative in British sources. N.E.D. (1884) records the pronunciation as (æ̆lbī·no, æ̆lbəi·no) /ælˈbiːnəʊ/, /ælˈbaɪnəʊ/, and D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. (1917) likewise gives priority to /ælˈbiːnəʊ/, with a variant with a diphthong being listed as an alternative British pronunciation in editions up until 1924. Editions of Webster do not list the pronunciation with /iː/ until 1911, when it is labelled ‘esp. Brit.’. A. n. 1. A person with abnormally pale skin, hair, and eyes, resulting from congenital absence of the pigment melanin; a person affected with albinism.In the most complete forms of albinism, the hair is white, the skin is milky, and the eyes appear pinkish, with translucent grey or pale blue irises. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > abnormal pigmentation > albinism > person albino1708 kakkerlak1777 albiness1800 leucaethiop1860 moon child1923 1708 J. Stevens tr. B. L. de Argensola Discov. Molucco & Philippine Islands ii. 49 in New Coll. Voy. & Trav. Among these Black-men there are some as White and fair as the Germans...Those in Spain are call'd Albinos [Sp. En España los llamamos Albiños]. 1746 New Gen. Coll. Voy. & Trav. III. iv. i. 221/2 The same Author adds, that the Portugueze call these white Moors, Albinos, and attempted to take some of them Prisoners in the Wars. 1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia vi. 131 Three of these Albinos were sisters, having two other full sisters who were black. 1808 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 85 Her mother's first child, a girl, is also an albiness..the fifth, a boy, is an albino. 1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth I. iii. 132 The wretched inmate of a similar mansion, when produced before a medical examiner, was reported to be a complete Albinos. 1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight ii. 15 The eyes of albinos are pink..from the red blood in the vessels of the choroid in which also pigment is absent. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) iii. 56 They [sc. melanins] are met with in all human beings with the exception of albinos, in whom they are lacking; albinism is a congenital defect in their production. 1988 S. Rushdie Satanic Verses (1998) 292 Truly, he is exceptional, a seven-foot albino, his hair the palest rose, the whites of his eyes likewise, his features unmistakably Indian. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 17 Feb. d5/5 Growing up as an albino in Canada, Peter..had to endure taunts like ‘Snowflake’ and ‘Snow White’. 2. An animal which is abnormally white or pale because of a congenital lack of pigment, esp. of melanin. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of animals generally > [noun] > abnormal pigmentation > animal albino1807 melano1902 melanic1920 1807 W. Lawrence tr. J. F. Blumenbach Short Syst. Compar. Anat. xxi. 363 I know, however, no instance of an albino among cold-blooded animals. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species v. 163 A white ass, but not an albino. 1874 E. Coues Birds Northwest 47 A curious partial albino, which had the plumage irregularly blotched with pure white. 1911 R. C. Punnett Mendelism (ed. 3) v. 46 The F₂ generation from such a cross consists of agoutis and albinos in the ratio 3:1. 1959 Corpus Christi (Texas) Times 7 Sept. 10/4 These freak animals [sc. white tigers] are believed to be albinos... More probably they are partial albinos, since their eyes are blue and not pink. 1994 J. Cohen & I. Stewart Collapse of Chaos iv. 117 If a mutation occurs in that sequence, then the protein doesn't get made, so no pigment gets made, so you get unpigmented animals, albinos. 2011 Independent 25 May 16/4 A magnificent white peacock... The bird is not an albino but an example of leucism, a condition that results in low levels of all pigmentation, rather than just melanin. 3. A plant with abnormally pale leaves and stem because of a chlorophyll deficiency, due to either a genetic abnormality or insufficient light exposure (cf. etiolation n. 1). Also (more generally): a flower, fruit, or vegetable which lacks its usual colour and so is white or abnormally pale. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > plant lacking chlorophyll albino1862 1862 Proc. Royal Hort. Soc. 2 730 This was not an albino from birth, but has run since. I can never get pure albinoes to live beyond the seed leaf. 1886 Harper’s Mag. July 281/2 In this field he found a bush producing white berries. In brief, he found an albino of the Cuthbert. 1901 Science 15 Feb. 247/1 These albinos have the normal vigour and in every way adhere to the type, except in the lack of a capacity to produce chlorophyll. 1956 Amer. Biol. Teacher 18 98/1 Pure albinos will not develop as they have a chlorophyll deficiency. 2008 R. K. Newman & C. W. Newman Barley for Food & Health ii. 24 Because of the chlorophyll, the leaf of normal barley is completely green, but chlorophyll content varies and in extreme cases is so low that the plant is considered an albino. B. adj. That is an albino; lacking normal pigmentation; affected with albinism. a. Of a person. ΚΠ 1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia vi. 132 She had an Albino child by a black man. It died at the age of a few weeks. 1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia at Homo Among these eleven cases not one albino girl has been found. 1834 Nat. Philos. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) III. 62/1 The albino varieties in mankind. 1900 Biol. Bull. 2 126 The ancestors of half of the first generation were exclusively albino for many generations. 1977 ‘J. le Carré’ Honourable Schoolboy i. xii. 260 Murphy was so fair he was nearly albino. 2002 N. Porath in G. Benjamin & C. Chou Tribal Communities Malay World (2003) iv. 102 The king would surround himself with other characters that piqued his curiosity. Common were albino men and women, dwarfs, and other individuals with an uncommon appearance. b. Of an animal. ΚΠ 1833 Lancet 20 July 523/2 I have also shown that in the albino animal, in which there is no colouring matter, that the membrane is at its minimum of development. 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind x. 274 In Africa, the albino buffalo shares the sanctity of the elephant. 1931 Anat. Rec. 49 180 In an original trial run on five albino rats..three became pseudopregnant. 1969 Science 23 May 966/1 Separate tanks containing six albino channel catfish. 2005 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 9 Oct. (Herald-Times ed.) h2/1 True albino birds of any species are exceedingly rare. c. Of a plant or plant part. ΚΠ 1849 Phytologist 3 486 Dr. Steele sends an Albino variety of Euphrasia Odontites, with white flowers and pale green stems. 1879 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Albino plants may be obtained by causing them to germinate and grow in a damp place. No chlorophyll is formed and they are said to be etiolated. 1936 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 23 381/2 At this stage the green and the albino seedlings were of approximately the same size, both displaying a well developed leaf surface. 1980 M. G. Schmidt Growing Calif. Native Plants 178 Flowers: Open, large, of narrow segments, vivid blue to blue-purple, rarely albino. 2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 20 Nov. ix. 3/2 Requests for small albino pumpkins (also known as Caspers or Baby Boos) have been pouring in. Derivatives alˈbinic adj. = albinistic adj.; also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [adjective] > abnormal pigmentation > albinism leucaethiopic1819 albinic1833 albinoid1836 albinotic1864 albinistic?1865 1833 Atlantic Jrnl. 1 171/1 Albinic varieties or Natural Deviations. 1903 Science 9 Jan. 75/2 Two of the sons, apparently, married wives who were ‘pure dominants’, i.e., who were entirely free from the recessive (albinic) character. 1984 Zool. Sci. 1 309/2 Three produced albinic tadpoles together with nearly the same number of wild-type tadpoles. 2002 A. Phillips Prague i. xvi. 66 Fifteen-year-old Russian twin brothers, one massaging an ancient upright bass with albinic patches of fading stain. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1708
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