constitutionaladj.n.

/kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənəl/

Etymology: < constitution n. + -al suffix¹; probably of English formation; the French constitutionnel appears in Dupré in 1801.

A. adj.

1. Of, belonging to, or inherent in, a person's constitution (of body or mind).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [adjective]

complexionala1398

complexioned1413

constitutionary1660

constitutional1682

constitutioned1711

staminal1798

diathetic1866

diathesic1883

1682 J. Flavell Pract. Treat. Fear (new ed.) vii. 119 Our constitutional strength is not to be made the measure of our passive fortitude.

1739 S. Sharp Treat. Surg. (1747) xxxviii. 228 It is not probable any constitutional illness will be comunicated with the small-pox by inoculation.

1834 T. B. Macaulay William Pitt in Ess. (1854) I. 288 His constitutional malady.

1880 L. Stephen Alexander Pope iv. 88 Pope's constitutional irritability kept him constantly on the wing.

2. Affecting the (bodily) constitution; beneficial to, or designed to benefit, the constitution. Cf. B. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > conducive to health

goodOE

healfulc1340

hailsome1372

haila1393

wholesomea1398

halesomea1400

wholefulc1443

salutairec1450

soundc1460

healsomec1475

healthful1495

saluberrime1509

laudable?1518

sanative1548

healthy1552

healthsomea1563

salutiferous1604

non-natural1621

salutary1649

sanitiferous1657

saniferousa1706

constitutional1750

sanitary1853

healthward1884

1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 32 The Trade-wind is..constitutional to the inhabitants.

1860 All Year Round 1 Sept. 484 Satisfied with constitutional walks and gymnastic drill.

1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 376 What may be termed the constitutional action of arsenic.

3. Belonging to the very constitution or composition of anything; forming an essential part or element; essential.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adjective] > essential or constituting the essence

formalc1386

substantial1422

essential1546

radical1562

constitutive1610

essentifical1656

constituent1659

vital1659

qualifying1704

constitutional1750

staminal1798

substantive1858

1750 W. Warburton Doctr. Grace i. x, in Wks. (1811) VIII. 300 The difference..between things natural and things positive, between constitutional and arbitrary.

1779 S. Johnson Dryden in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets III. 262 The original incongruity runs through the whole;..but when this constitutional absurdity is forgiven, the poem must be confessed to be written with great smoothness of metre.

1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) x. 332 The sulphates of magnesia, of zinc, etc., contain, besides their water of crystallization, a proportion of constitutional water, which may be replaced by sulphate of potass..This constitutional water..is expelled with more difficulty than the water of crystallization.

1872 J. B. Mozley Miracles (ed. 3) Pref. 25 Antecedent probability is a constitutional element of evidence.

a. In harmony with, or authorized by, the political constitution.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > [adjective] > in accordance with the law > in conformity with constitution

constitutional1765

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > government by the people or their delegates > [adjective] > constitutional

politica1475

constitutional1765

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. iii. 191 To trace out the constitutional doctrine of the royal succession.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. (T.) The long parliament..while it acted in a constitutional manner, with the royal concurrence, redressed many heavy grievances.

1777 R. Hurd Serm. before Lords (R.) Tending..to improve establishments themselves; but by degrees only, and by constitutional means.

1847 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 3) II. iv. ii. 101 This, though a legal, cannot, with any propriety, be called a constitutional proceeding.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §7. 153 The constitutional restrictions on the royal authority.

b. Of a sovereign: Ruling according to a constitution or constitutional forms which limit his arbitrary power; said also of sovereignty or government so exercised.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > monarchical government > [adjective] > types of monarchical government

temperate1560

constitutional1801

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [adjective] > constitutional

constitutional1801

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > government by the people or their delegates > [adjective] > constitutional > of a sovereign

constitutional1801

1801 W. Dupré Lexicographia-neologica Gallica 62 La monarchie constitutionnelle, the constitutional monarchy. Un roi constitutionnel, a constitutional king.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 127 The only powers which recognised the new constitutional government.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 10 According to the pure idea of constitutional royalty, the prince reigns and does not govern.

c. French History. Said of ecclesiastics who adopted the civil constitution of the clergy in 1790.

ΚΠ

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. ii. 15 What endless jarring, of Refractory hated Priests, and Constitutional despised ones.

1884 B. M. Gardiner Fr. Revol. iv. 76 Here nonjurors were regarded as enemies to the State; there the constitutional clergy as enemies to religion.

d. Adhering to or supporting the existing (or any specified form of) political constitution.Hence, employed from time to time as a party designation; e.g. after c1870 by English Conservatives, whence Constitutional party, Constitutional club, and the like: cf. constitutionalist n. 2, constitutioner n. 2.

5. Of, pertaining to, or dealing with the political constitution.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [adjective]

constitutional1841

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 126 The constitutional history of the principal towns in Lombardy.

1845 A. Polson in Encycl. Metrop. 811/1 In the mind of no constitutional lawyer, can a doubt exist as to the soundness of Mr. Pitt's positions.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 456 Best qualified to discuss constitutional questions.

1875 Stubbs (title) Constitutional History of England.

6. constitutional diagram n. = equilibrium diagram n. at equilibrium n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > diagram

phase diagram1908

constitutional diagram1929

1929 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 119 449 Constitutional diagrams have consequently been constructed for cast iron.

1960 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 194 134/3 In many cases no constitutional diagrams are given.

B. n.

1. A constitutional walk; a walk taken for health's sake, or for the benefit of the constitution. (Apparently this originated at the English Universities.) colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > [noun] > walking for exercise or recreation > an act of

stretch?1760

rax1790

constitutional1829

leg-stretcher1882

walkies1929

1829 C. Darwin Life & Lett. (1888) I. 176 An occasional ride with Simcox, and constitutional with Whitley.

1836 E. Caswall Pluck Exam. Papers (ed. 3) 41 He taketh a constitutional of forty minutes every day.

1852 C. A. Bristed Five Years Eng. University (ed. 2) 45 The Cantab's constitutional of eight miles in less than two hours.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. iv. 305 And recognise Holmes and Diggs taking a constitutional.

2. = constitutionalist n. 2. In the end of the 18th cent., an adherent of the French constitution or of political principles in accord with it.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > constitutionalism > adherent of

constitutioner1721

constitutionist1735

constitutionalist1782

constitutional1793

1793 F. Burney Let. 27 Oct. in Jrnls. & Lett. (1973) III. 19 Whether the Constitutionals in England will be employed or not.

1881 Athenæum 20 Aug. 233/1 The one is the ideal of modern Liberalism, and the Constitutionals of 1789 who pursued it were only mistaken in thinking it much nearer, much more easily attainable, than it really was.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

单词	constitutional
释义	constitutionaladj.n. /kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənəl/ Etymology: < constitution n. + -al suffix¹; probably of English formation; the French constitutionnel appears in Dupré in 1801. A. adj. 1. Of, belonging to, or inherent in, a person's constitution (of body or mind). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [adjective] complexionala1398 complexioned1413 constitutionary1660 constitutional1682 constitutioned1711 staminal1798 diathetic1866 diathesic1883 1682 J. Flavell Pract. Treat. Fear (new ed.) vii. 119 Our constitutional strength is not to be made the measure of our passive fortitude. 1739 S. Sharp Treat. Surg. (1747) xxxviii. 228 It is not probable any constitutional illness will be comunicated with the small-pox by inoculation. 1834 T. B. Macaulay William Pitt in Ess. (1854) I. 288 His constitutional malady. 1880 L. Stephen Alexander Pope iv. 88 Pope's constitutional irritability kept him constantly on the wing. 2. Affecting the (bodily) constitution; beneficial to, or designed to benefit, the constitution. Cf. B. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > conducive to health goodOE healfulc1340 hailsome1372 haila1393 wholesomea1398 halesomea1400 wholefulc1443 salutairec1450 soundc1460 healsomec1475 healthful1495 saluberrime1509 laudable?1518 sanative1548 healthy1552 healthsomea1563 salutiferous1604 non-natural1621 salutary1649 sanitiferous1657 saniferousa1706 constitutional1750 sanitary1853 healthward1884 1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 32 The Trade-wind is..constitutional to the inhabitants. 1860 All Year Round 1 Sept. 484 Satisfied with constitutional walks and gymnastic drill. 1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 376 What may be termed the constitutional action of arsenic. 3. Belonging to the very constitution or composition of anything; forming an essential part or element; essential. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adjective] > essential or constituting the essence formalc1386 substantial1422 essential1546 radical1562 constitutive1610 essentifical1656 constituent1659 vital1659 qualifying1704 constitutional1750 staminal1798 substantive1858 1750 W. Warburton Doctr. Grace i. x, in Wks. (1811) VIII. 300 The difference..between things natural and things positive, between constitutional and arbitrary. 1779 S. Johnson Dryden in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets III. 262 The original incongruity runs through the whole;..but when this constitutional absurdity is forgiven, the poem must be confessed to be written with great smoothness of metre. 1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) x. 332 The sulphates of magnesia, of zinc, etc., contain, besides their water of crystallization, a proportion of constitutional water, which may be replaced by sulphate of potass..This constitutional water..is expelled with more difficulty than the water of crystallization. 1872 J. B. Mozley Miracles (ed. 3) Pref. 25 Antecedent probability is a constitutional element of evidence. 4. a. In harmony with, or authorized by, the political constitution. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > [adjective] > in accordance with the law > in conformity with constitution constitutional1765 society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > government by the people or their delegates > [adjective] > constitutional politica1475 constitutional1765 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. iii. 191 To trace out the constitutional doctrine of the royal succession. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. (T.) The long parliament..while it acted in a constitutional manner, with the royal concurrence, redressed many heavy grievances. 1777 R. Hurd Serm. before Lords (R.) Tending..to improve establishments themselves; but by degrees only, and by constitutional means. 1847 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 3) II. iv. ii. 101 This, though a legal, cannot, with any propriety, be called a constitutional proceeding. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §7. 153 The constitutional restrictions on the royal authority. b. Of a sovereign: Ruling according to a constitution or constitutional forms which limit his arbitrary power; said also of sovereignty or government so exercised. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > monarchical government > [adjective] > types of monarchical government temperate1560 constitutional1801 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [adjective] > constitutional constitutional1801 society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > government by the people or their delegates > [adjective] > constitutional > of a sovereign constitutional1801 1801 W. Dupré Lexicographia-neologica Gallica 62 La monarchie constitutionnelle, the constitutional monarchy. Un roi constitutionnel, a constitutional king. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 127 The only powers which recognised the new constitutional government. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 10 According to the pure idea of constitutional royalty, the prince reigns and does not govern. c. French History. Said of ecclesiastics who adopted the civil constitution of the clergy in 1790. ΚΠ 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. ii. 15 What endless jarring, of Refractory hated Priests, and Constitutional despised ones. 1884 B. M. Gardiner Fr. Revol. iv. 76 Here nonjurors were regarded as enemies to the State; there the constitutional clergy as enemies to religion. d. Adhering to or supporting the existing (or any specified form of) political constitution.Hence, employed from time to time as a party designation; e.g. after c1870 by English Conservatives, whence Constitutional party, Constitutional club, and the like: cf. constitutionalist n. 2, constitutioner n. 2. 5. Of, pertaining to, or dealing with the political constitution. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [adjective] constitutional1841 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 126 The constitutional history of the principal towns in Lombardy. 1845 A. Polson in Encycl. Metrop. 811/1 In the mind of no constitutional lawyer, can a doubt exist as to the soundness of Mr. Pitt's positions. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 456 Best qualified to discuss constitutional questions. 1875 Stubbs (title) Constitutional History of England. 6. constitutional diagram n. = equilibrium diagram n. at equilibrium n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > diagram phase diagram1908 constitutional diagram1929 1929 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 119 449 Constitutional diagrams have consequently been constructed for cast iron. 1960 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 194 134/3 In many cases no constitutional diagrams are given. B. n. 1. A constitutional walk; a walk taken for health's sake, or for the benefit of the constitution. (Apparently this originated at the English Universities.) colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > [noun] > walking for exercise or recreation > an act of stretch?1760 rax1790 constitutional1829 leg-stretcher1882 walkies1929 1829 C. Darwin Life & Lett. (1888) I. 176 An occasional ride with Simcox, and constitutional with Whitley. 1836 E. Caswall Pluck Exam. Papers (ed. 3) 41 He taketh a constitutional of forty minutes every day. 1852 C. A. Bristed Five Years Eng. University (ed. 2) 45 The Cantab's constitutional of eight miles in less than two hours. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. iv. 305 And recognise Holmes and Diggs taking a constitutional. 2. = constitutionalist n. 2. In the end of the 18th cent., an adherent of the French constitution or of political principles in accord with it. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > constitutionalism > adherent of constitutioner1721 constitutionist1735 constitutionalist1782 constitutional1793 1793 F. Burney Let. 27 Oct. in Jrnls. & Lett. (1973) III. 19 Whether the Constitutionals in England will be employed or not. 1881 Athenæum 20 Aug. 233/1 The one is the ideal of modern Liberalism, and the Constitutionals of 1789 who pursued it were only mistaken in thinking it much nearer, much more easily attainable, than it really was. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < adj.n.1682
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