coolien.

Brit.

/ˈkuːli/, U.S.

/ˈkuli/

Forms: 1600s coule, 1600s cowler, 1600s–1700s coly, 1600s–1800s coolee, 1600s–1800s cooley, 1600s– coolie, 1600s– cooly, 1700s coolley, 1700s couley, 1900s– koelie (South Africa).

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item; probably partly modelled on a Portuguese lexical item, and partly modelled on a lexical item in a Dravidian language. Or (ii) a borrowing from Gujarati; probably partly modelled on a Portuguese lexical item, and partly modelled on a lexical item in a Dravidian language. Etymons: Koli n.; Gujarati Koḷī.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably specific use of Koli n. or its ultimate etymon Gujarati Koḷī (because members of this group frequently worked as labourers or performed menial tasks), probably after Portuguese cule local hired labourer in India (and later also China) (1581 as qule ; apparently also < Gujarati Koḷī , Kulī ), both perhaps partly influenced by Tamil kūli hire, payment for occasional menial work (forming the first element of kūlikkāraṉ and kuliyāḷ hireling) or a related Dravidian word. Compare Urdu qulī ( < Gujarati koḷī ), perhaps influenced by the unrelated Ottoman Turkish qul slave, subject (Turkish kul ). In sense 1a now in the Indian vernaculars generally: Gujarati kulī, Hindi kūlī, kulī, Bengali kuli, etc., and Tamil kūli, Telugu kūlī (as opposed to kūli hire), etc., all probably ultimately < English (or perhaps < Portuguese).With sense 1b compare Afrikaans koelie , apparently < English. Compare Dutch koelie (1642, only with reference to colonies in Asia and the Americas). With uses referring to China (compare e.g. quot. 1745 at sense 1a) compare Chinese kŭlì, apparently < English. In form cowler perhaps showing folk-etymological association with cowl-staff n.

a. In India and (later also) China: a hired labourer (esp. one employed by a European); a porter (now esp. in a railway station). Hence also: an Asian labourer working abroad (now chiefly historical).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > hireling

hireling1535

hackney1546

journeyman1548

coolie1622

mercedary1656

hack1699

hiree1811

1622 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 139 They finished in two dayes and two nights, bringing with them coules for the purpose.

1638 W. Bruton Newes from E.-Indies 6 Hee lent us Horses to ride on, and Cowlers (which are Porters) to carry our goods.

1680 in J. T. Wheeler Madras in Olden Time (1861) I. 129 That the drum be beat to call all coolies, carpenters, etc.

1704 tr. P. Baldæus Descr. Ceylon in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. III. 740/1 500 Colys or Labourers.

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 271 We employ'd..many Chinese Labourers, whom they call Cooly's, to make the Chinam.

1763 R. Orme Hist. Mil. Trans. Brit. Nation I. 80 The care of his baggage made Paradis divide his men into two bodies, between which marched the Indians, called Coolies, who carried his chests.

1776 Ann. Reg. 1775 132 Made use of by the natives of Golconda as coolys or slaves in the mines.

1799 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 55 An order..stating the number of Coolies which an officer may call for from a village.

1826 W. Elliott Nun 100 (note) Coolee means a porter, but is often used reproachfully to other servants of superior rank.

1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon II. vii. vi. 235 The number of Malabar coolies employed.

1873 J. Morley Rousseau II. 55 A kidnapper of coolies or the captain of a slaver.

1925 W. S. Maugham Painted Veil xxviii. 101 In a straggling line came the coolies.

1971 R. Russell tr. A. Ahmad Shore & Wave vii. 58 Coolies were carrying their luggage on their backs.

1988 A. Desai Baumgartner's Bombay iv. 105 The railway station swarmed with..coolies bent under tin trunks.

2005 T. Aw Harmony Silk Factory i. i. 3 To look at, the building is unremarkable..built in the early thirties by itinerant Chinese coolies.

b. offensive (chiefly derogatory). An Asian person, a person of Asian descent; spec. (a) U.S. a Chinese person; an East Asian; (b) South African and Caribbean an Indian; a South Asian.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > the Chinese > [noun] > native or inhabitant of China

Cathayan?1520

Chinean1577

Son of Heaven1579

Chino1588

chinois1594

Chinese1606

Chinesianc1615

Chinaman1621

China1638

Chinist1654

Chinensian1655

pigtail1823

celestial1842

Johnny1844

coolie1849

John1853

Chinky1871

chow1872

Chink1880

monk1903

Pong1910

power point1986

1849 Commerc. Rev. South & West Aug. 170 English Guiana..contained in 1847, but 4,000 whites, with coolies, blacks and mixed races, amounting to 94,000.

1855 F. Soulé et al. Ann. San Francisco 380 The white miner..could not pretend to compete with the..‘coolie’, as so John Chinaman was now called by many.

1873 F. Boyle To Cape for Diamonds 285 A coolie cook, clad in tunic and turban, pursues the study of his art.

1907 W. Jekyll Jamaican Song & Story 265 Me da Coolie sleep on piazza with me wrapper round me shoulder.

1920 Cape Times 1 Apr. 3/2 Great Public Sale... No coolies.

1959 L. Lerner Englishman xiv. 220 It was his girl the other one took, the one who slept with koelies.

1961 P. Marshall Soul clap Hands Sing (1962) 105 A nice coolie girl just up from the country.

1974 S. Selvon Those who eat Cascadura iv. 97 Think how all the black people must be saying that those coolies only go by the temple to pretend.

1990 J. Naidoo Coolie Location 120 ‘It's always the same with you Coolies: impossible to pick one of you up without having the entire family troop down to the police station.’.. It wasn't the observation of Indian clannishness..that struck me, it was the word ‘Coolie’, and the careless cock-sure way it was used.

†2. slang. A person of low (social) status. Also: a soldier. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > [noun]

thanec893

knightc1175

soldiera1300

osteyoura1450

servitor?1570

marshalman1575

soldado1577

soldat1591

manat1610

camper1631

soldade1634

buff coata1670

swad1708

militaire1746

red herring1789

coolie1803

swaddy1819

swad-gill1819

scarlet runnerc1864

guffy1882

leatherneck1890

pongo1890

hoster1892

swatty1901

file1903

squaddie1933

brown job1943

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person

swaina1150

ladc1300

loon1535

blue coat1583

gaffer1589

snake1590

meaner1596

frock1612

groundling1630

frock-man1657

coolie1803

simple1824

yellow dog1862

Harry1874

smock-frock1898

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class

ribalda1250

kitchen knave1440

scullion1483

scudler1488

canel raker?1518

channel raker1575

proletary1576

muckworm1649

proletariana1657

infimate1733

proletaire1796

coolie1803

gutterling1846

mudsill1858

prole1887

gutter-sparrow1890

gutter-bird1896

underworldling1928

delta1932

lumpenproletarian1936

proly1959

1803 R. Percival in Naval Chron. 10 31 A Cooly, or common fellow of the lowest class.

1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 128 Coolie, a soldier, in allusion to the Hindoo coolies, or day labourers.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, appositive, and objective, as coolie boy, coolie-catcher, coolie emigrant, coolie hire, coolie labour, coolie system, coolie work, etc.

ΚΠ

1681 Fort St. Geo. Cons. 10 Jan. in Notes & Extracts iii. 45 (Y. Supp.) For the farme of Dustoory on cooley hire at Pagodas 20 per annum.

1711 C. Lockyer Acct. Trade India viii. 243 Hamalage, or Cooly-hire at weighing, 1 Coz of every 20 md Tabrees.

1773 Further Rep. Comm. Secrecy State E. India Company 222 Proposals for Cooley work, viz. filling up the earth, &c. were extravagantly high.

1818 M. M. Sherwood Stories Church Catech. (ed. 4) xxi. 145 Shall I tell the coolie boy to run after him?

1846 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Oct. 251 This is but one instance of the justice of the Cooley system.

1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. i. viii. 108 Coolie-traffic can never be carried on by private enterprise.

1865 Daily Tel. 24 Oct. 4/6 A ship..started from Calcutta with four hundred coolie emigrants.

1879 Constit. Calif. in J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. (1888) II. App. 678 Asiatic coolieism is a form of human slavery, and is for ever prohibited in this State, and all contracts for coolie labour shall be void.

1890 Times (Weekly ed.) 21 Feb. 10/4 The Chinese agents employed to collect the coolies, and known as ‘coolie-catchers’.

1960 W. P. Morgan Triad Societies in Hong Kong iv. 63 In 1886, a riot broke out in the Western district of Hong Kong arising from extortions practiced in the coolie trade.

1992 L. Scott Witchbroom (1993) 173 I take the flowers Madam send. She must have get the little coolie boy, Ram, Madoo son, to pick them before sun-up.

C2.

Coolie Christmas n. South African colloquial (offensive) (now rare) the Islamic festival of Muharram, or the Hindu festival of Diwali, as observed by people of South Asian origin.

ΚΠ

1896 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Jan. 3/1 If the reader can form a composite mental photograph of a village wedding, a Punch-and-Judy show, and an open-air revivalist meeting of any popular English seaside resort, he will have a fair idea of the crowning ceremony of a ‘Coolie Christmas’.

1905 East London Daily Dispatch (S. Afr.) 18 Mar. The festivities in connexion with the Hindoo's festival Mohurrum known locally as the Coolie Christmas, commences to-night.

1967 E. Rosenthal Encycl. Southern Afr. 125 Coolie Christmas, old-fashioned name applied in Natal to Muharram..and..Diwali.

coolie hat n. a broad conical hat similar to those worn in some East Asian countries by labourers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > tall > conical

copintank1509

sugar-loaf hat1585

sugar-loaf hat1607

copatainea1616

tank1688

witch's hat1801

coolie hat1856

extinguisher hat1885

1856 S. W. Williams Tonic Dict. Chinese Lang. in Canton Dial. 296/2 A bamboo coolie-hat.

1896 Cent. Mag. Apr. 938/1 An old coolie hat is put on a dried melon for the head [of a scarecrow].

1937 J. Laver Taste & Fashion x. 158 In 1935 there was a vogue for flat hats with rather wide brims, Chinese ‘coolie’ hats, and similar shapes.

2001 Vogue Apr. 218/1 The collection is peppered with late fifties Dior-isms: pencil skirts and coolie hats,..and strapless ball gowns with matching opera coats.

coolie line n. now chiefly historical a row of houses or huts built as accommodation for coolies or labourers; frequently in plural; cf. line n.² 20a.

ΚΠ

1851 Hooker's Jrnl. Bot. 3 6 In some of the estates that I have visited, the disease has first been noticed near the Coolie lines.

1939 R. Godden Black Narcissus xxix. 263 The news spread to the village and the coolie lines.

2000 A. Ghosh Glass Palace (2001) xviii. 228 Suddenly the trees ended and a small shantytown appeared, with rows of shacks lining the road... ‘The coolie lines,’ said Alison, slowing briefly.

coolie orange n. now rare the sweet orange, Citrus sinensis, thought to originate in China.The orange was formerly considered to be a variety of C. aurantium.

ΚΠ

1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Agric. 466 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 2) VI Coolie Orange (citrus aurantium).

1863 J. Summers Handbk. of Chinese Lang. ii. 85 I am very fond of eating peaches, small oranges, or large thin-skinned oranges or coolie oranges.

1929 Jrnl. Heredity 20 37/2 The Canton orange, or true sweet orange, is distinguished by the name Cheng, or ‘Coolie orange’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	coolie
释义	coolien. Brit. /ˈkuːli/, U.S. /ˈkuli/ Forms: 1600s coule, 1600s cowler, 1600s–1700s coly, 1600s–1800s coolee, 1600s–1800s cooley, 1600s– coolie, 1600s– cooly, 1700s coolley, 1700s couley, 1900s– koelie (South Africa). Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item; probably partly modelled on a Portuguese lexical item, and partly modelled on a lexical item in a Dravidian language. Or (ii) a borrowing from Gujarati; probably partly modelled on a Portuguese lexical item, and partly modelled on a lexical item in a Dravidian language. Etymons: Koli n.; Gujarati Koḷī. Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably specific use of Koli n. or its ultimate etymon Gujarati Koḷī (because members of this group frequently worked as labourers or performed menial tasks), probably after Portuguese cule local hired labourer in India (and later also China) (1581 as qule ; apparently also < Gujarati Koḷī , Kulī ), both perhaps partly influenced by Tamil kūli hire, payment for occasional menial work (forming the first element of kūlikkāraṉ and kuliyāḷ hireling) or a related Dravidian word. Compare Urdu qulī ( < Gujarati koḷī ), perhaps influenced by the unrelated Ottoman Turkish qul slave, subject (Turkish kul ). In sense 1a now in the Indian vernaculars generally: Gujarati kulī, Hindi kūlī, kulī, Bengali kuli, etc., and Tamil kūli, Telugu kūlī (as opposed to kūli hire), etc., all probably ultimately < English (or perhaps < Portuguese).With sense 1b compare Afrikaans koelie , apparently < English. Compare Dutch koelie (1642, only with reference to colonies in Asia and the Americas). With uses referring to China (compare e.g. quot. 1745 at sense 1a) compare Chinese kŭlì, apparently < English. In form cowler perhaps showing folk-etymological association with cowl-staff n. 1. a. In India and (later also) China: a hired labourer (esp. one employed by a European); a porter (now esp. in a railway station). Hence also: an Asian labourer working abroad (now chiefly historical). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > hireling hireling1535 hackney1546 journeyman1548 coolie1622 mercedary1656 hack1699 hiree1811 1622 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 139 They finished in two dayes and two nights, bringing with them coules for the purpose. 1638 W. Bruton Newes from E.-Indies 6 Hee lent us Horses to ride on, and Cowlers (which are Porters) to carry our goods. 1680 in J. T. Wheeler Madras in Olden Time (1861) I. 129 That the drum be beat to call all coolies, carpenters, etc. 1704 tr. P. Baldæus Descr. Ceylon in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. III. 740/1 500 Colys or Labourers. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 271 We employ'd..many Chinese Labourers, whom they call Cooly's, to make the Chinam. 1763 R. Orme Hist. Mil. Trans. Brit. Nation I. 80 The care of his baggage made Paradis divide his men into two bodies, between which marched the Indians, called Coolies, who carried his chests. 1776 Ann. Reg. 1775 132 Made use of by the natives of Golconda as coolys or slaves in the mines. 1799 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 55 An order..stating the number of Coolies which an officer may call for from a village. 1826 W. Elliott Nun 100 (note) Coolee means a porter, but is often used reproachfully to other servants of superior rank. 1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon II. vii. vi. 235 The number of Malabar coolies employed. 1873 J. Morley Rousseau II. 55 A kidnapper of coolies or the captain of a slaver. 1925 W. S. Maugham Painted Veil xxviii. 101 In a straggling line came the coolies. 1971 R. Russell tr. A. Ahmad Shore & Wave vii. 58 Coolies were carrying their luggage on their backs. 1988 A. Desai Baumgartner's Bombay iv. 105 The railway station swarmed with..coolies bent under tin trunks. 2005 T. Aw Harmony Silk Factory i. i. 3 To look at, the building is unremarkable..built in the early thirties by itinerant Chinese coolies. b. offensive (chiefly derogatory). An Asian person, a person of Asian descent; spec. (a) U.S. a Chinese person; an East Asian; (b) South African and Caribbean an Indian; a South Asian. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > the Chinese > [noun] > native or inhabitant of China Cathayan?1520 Chinean1577 Son of Heaven1579 Chino1588 chinois1594 Chinese1606 Chinesianc1615 Chinaman1621 China1638 Chinist1654 Chinensian1655 pigtail1823 celestial1842 Johnny1844 coolie1849 John1853 Chinky1871 chow1872 Chink1880 monk1903 Pong1910 power point1986 1849 Commerc. Rev. South & West Aug. 170 English Guiana..contained in 1847, but 4,000 whites, with coolies, blacks and mixed races, amounting to 94,000. 1855 F. Soulé et al. Ann. San Francisco 380 The white miner..could not pretend to compete with the..‘coolie’, as so John Chinaman was now called by many. 1873 F. Boyle To Cape for Diamonds 285 A coolie cook, clad in tunic and turban, pursues the study of his art. 1907 W. Jekyll Jamaican Song & Story 265 Me da Coolie sleep on piazza with me wrapper round me shoulder. 1920 Cape Times 1 Apr. 3/2 Great Public Sale... No coolies. 1959 L. Lerner Englishman xiv. 220 It was his girl the other one took, the one who slept with koelies. 1961 P. Marshall Soul clap Hands Sing (1962) 105 A nice coolie girl just up from the country. 1974 S. Selvon Those who eat Cascadura iv. 97 Think how all the black people must be saying that those coolies only go by the temple to pretend. 1990 J. Naidoo Coolie Location 120 ‘It's always the same with you Coolies: impossible to pick one of you up without having the entire family troop down to the police station.’.. It wasn't the observation of Indian clannishness..that struck me, it was the word ‘Coolie’, and the careless cock-sure way it was used. †2. slang. A person of low (social) status. Also: a soldier. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > [noun] thanec893 knightc1175 soldiera1300 osteyoura1450 servitor?1570 marshalman1575 soldado1577 soldat1591 manat1610 camper1631 soldade1634 buff coata1670 swad1708 militaire1746 red herring1789 coolie1803 swaddy1819 swad-gill1819 scarlet runnerc1864 guffy1882 leatherneck1890 pongo1890 hoster1892 swatty1901 file1903 squaddie1933 brown job1943 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person swaina1150 ladc1300 loon1535 blue coat1583 gaffer1589 snake1590 meaner1596 frock1612 groundling1630 frock-man1657 coolie1803 simple1824 yellow dog1862 Harry1874 smock-frock1898 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class ribalda1250 kitchen knave1440 scullion1483 scudler1488 canel raker?1518 channel raker1575 proletary1576 muckworm1649 proletariana1657 infimate1733 proletaire1796 coolie1803 gutterling1846 mudsill1858 prole1887 gutter-sparrow1890 gutter-bird1896 underworldling1928 delta1932 lumpenproletarian1936 proly1959 1803 R. Percival in Naval Chron. 10 31 A Cooly, or common fellow of the lowest class. 1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 128 Coolie, a soldier, in allusion to the Hindoo coolies, or day labourers. Compounds C1. General attributive, appositive, and objective, as coolie boy, coolie-catcher, coolie emigrant, coolie hire, coolie labour, coolie system, coolie work, etc. ΚΠ 1681 Fort St. Geo. Cons. 10 Jan. in Notes & Extracts iii. 45 (Y. Supp.) For the farme of Dustoory on cooley hire at Pagodas 20 per annum. 1711 C. Lockyer Acct. Trade India viii. 243 Hamalage, or Cooly-hire at weighing, 1 Coz of every 20 md Tabrees. 1773 Further Rep. Comm. Secrecy State E. India Company 222 Proposals for Cooley work, viz. filling up the earth, &c. were extravagantly high. 1818 M. M. Sherwood Stories Church Catech. (ed. 4) xxi. 145 Shall I tell the coolie boy to run after him? 1846 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Oct. 251 This is but one instance of the justice of the Cooley system. 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. i. viii. 108 Coolie-traffic can never be carried on by private enterprise. 1865 Daily Tel. 24 Oct. 4/6 A ship..started from Calcutta with four hundred coolie emigrants. 1879 Constit. Calif. in J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. (1888) II. App. 678 Asiatic coolieism is a form of human slavery, and is for ever prohibited in this State, and all contracts for coolie labour shall be void. 1890 Times (Weekly ed.) 21 Feb. 10/4 The Chinese agents employed to collect the coolies, and known as ‘coolie-catchers’. 1960 W. P. Morgan Triad Societies in Hong Kong iv. 63 In 1886, a riot broke out in the Western district of Hong Kong arising from extortions practiced in the coolie trade. 1992 L. Scott Witchbroom (1993) 173 I take the flowers Madam send. She must have get the little coolie boy, Ram, Madoo son, to pick them before sun-up. C2. Coolie Christmas n. South African colloquial (offensive) (now rare) the Islamic festival of Muharram, or the Hindu festival of Diwali, as observed by people of South Asian origin. ΚΠ 1896 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Jan. 3/1 If the reader can form a composite mental photograph of a village wedding, a Punch-and-Judy show, and an open-air revivalist meeting of any popular English seaside resort, he will have a fair idea of the crowning ceremony of a ‘Coolie Christmas’. 1905 East London Daily Dispatch (S. Afr.) 18 Mar. The festivities in connexion with the Hindoo's festival Mohurrum known locally as the Coolie Christmas, commences to-night. 1967 E. Rosenthal Encycl. Southern Afr. 125 Coolie Christmas, old-fashioned name applied in Natal to Muharram..and..Diwali. coolie hat n. a broad conical hat similar to those worn in some East Asian countries by labourers. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > tall > conical copintank1509 sugar-loaf hat1585 sugar-loaf hat1607 copatainea1616 tank1688 witch's hat1801 coolie hat1856 extinguisher hat1885 1856 S. W. Williams Tonic Dict. Chinese Lang. in Canton Dial. 296/2 A bamboo coolie-hat. 1896 Cent. Mag. Apr. 938/1 An old coolie hat is put on a dried melon for the head [of a scarecrow]. 1937 J. Laver Taste & Fashion x. 158 In 1935 there was a vogue for flat hats with rather wide brims, Chinese ‘coolie’ hats, and similar shapes. 2001 Vogue Apr. 218/1 The collection is peppered with late fifties Dior-isms: pencil skirts and coolie hats,..and strapless ball gowns with matching opera coats. coolie line n. now chiefly historical a row of houses or huts built as accommodation for coolies or labourers; frequently in plural; cf. line n.² 20a. ΚΠ 1851 Hooker's Jrnl. Bot. 3 6 In some of the estates that I have visited, the disease has first been noticed near the Coolie lines. 1939 R. Godden Black Narcissus xxix. 263 The news spread to the village and the coolie lines. 2000 A. Ghosh Glass Palace (2001) xviii. 228 Suddenly the trees ended and a small shantytown appeared, with rows of shacks lining the road... ‘The coolie lines,’ said Alison, slowing briefly. coolie orange n. now rare the sweet orange, Citrus sinensis, thought to originate in China.The orange was formerly considered to be a variety of C. aurantium. ΚΠ 1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Agric. 466 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 2) VI Coolie Orange (citrus aurantium). 1863 J. Summers Handbk. of Chinese Lang. ii. 85 I am very fond of eating peaches, small oranges, or large thin-skinned oranges or coolie oranges. 1929 Jrnl. Heredity 20 37/2 The Canton orange, or true sweet orange, is distinguished by the name Cheng, or ‘Coolie orange’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1622
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