† cossn.¹

Forms: Also cosse.

Etymology: < obsolete French cosse, < Italian cosa thing, a translation of Arabic shai ‘thing’, the term applied to the unknown quantity (or x) of an equation, etc.

Obsolete.

In Rule of Coss, an early name for Algebra.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun]

algebra1551

almacabala1570

Rule of Coss1570

analytics1656

universal mathematics1673

figurative arithmetic1690

universal arithmetic1720

characteristic equation1857

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. *ij ^v That great Arithmeticall Arte of Æquation: commonly called the Rule of Coss. or Algebra.

1579 L. Digges & T. Digges Stratioticos 55 This Art of Algebra or Rule of Cosse as the Italians terme it.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Cosse and Cossick, the old Word for Algebra.

1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (new ed.) I. 335 Coss, Rule of, meant the same as Algebra, by which name it was for some time called, when first introduced into Europe through the Italians, who named it Regola de Cosa, the Rule of the thing; the unknown quantity, or that which was required in any question, being called cosa, the thing.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

cosscosn.²

Brit.

/kɒs/, U.S.

/kɔs/,

/kɑs/

Forms: Also 1600s ( course, courss), 1800s cose, kos, koss. (Plural same as singular)

Etymology: < Hindi kōs, Pali koss < Sanskrit kroça a measure of distance, but originally a call, calling distance: compare cooee n.

Anglo-Indian.

A measure of length in India, varying in different parts from 2¹/ ₂ miles or more down to about 1¹/ ₄.‘Actual measurement of road distance between 5 pair of Akbar's kos-minárs (coss-pyramids) near Delhi, gave a mean of 2m. 4f. 158yds’ (Yule).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > Anglo-Indian or Indian units

coss1616

covid1686

guz1698

yojana1789

1616 Terry in Purchas Pilgrims II. 1468 The length of those..Provinces is..1000 Courses, every Indian Course being two English miles.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 61 A pilgrimage to Asmeer a hundred and thirty course or two hundred English miles distant thence.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea IV. xix. 157 (note) They reckon it two hundred and two coss, each coss of four thousand yards.

1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master iv. 76 (note) It is calculated, that an Indian coss is an English mile and a half; but it differs in the eastern and western parts.

1826 J. Leyden & W. Erskine tr. Mem. Zehir-Ed-Din 393 I directed Chikmâk Beg..to measure the distance from Agra to Kâbul; that at every nine kos he should raise a minâr, or turret, twelve gez in height.

1884 E. Arnold in Contemp. Rev. Sept. 422 A Koss and a half of a Koss went they.

1893 R. Kipling Many Inventions 193 He may have gone to the next hut... It is only four koss.

1901 R. Kipling Kim ii. 50 Think how far thou art on the road—an hundred kos from Lahore already.

1912 R. Kipling in Everybody's Mag. Mar. 311/2 I stood in the line..one koss, two koss distant.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cossn.³

Etymology: < coss v.

Scottish.

Exchange, barter.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [noun]

mongingOE

cheapinga1000

cheapOE

chaffer?c1225

merchandisea1300

market-making1340

merchandyc1350

corseriec1380

chafferinga1382

need-doinga1382

changea1387

chapmanhoodc1386

cossery?a1400

bargaining1401

merchandisinga1425

merchandrya1450

intercourse1473

business1478

chapmanry1483

the feat of merchandisec1503

market1525

trade1549

marting1553

contractation1555

trading1556

merchantryc1560

marketing1561

mart1562

trafficking1570

contraction1582

tract1582

nundination1586

commerce1587

chafferya1599

negotiation1601

intertraffica1603

traffic1603

commercery1604

intertrading1606

correspondence1607

mercature1611

correspondency1613

coss?1635

negotiating1640

dealing1691

chapmanship1727

merchanting1883

intertrade1915

?1635 in D. Dickson Sel. Pract. Writings (1845) (modernized text) 150 Here we have Paul's coss and quitting of all other things that he may get Christ.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

cossv.

Forms: Middle English couss, coyse, Middle English–1500s cose, 1500s cois(s, coce, coase, quoss, 1500s, 1800s coss.

Etymology: Of uncertain derivation and history. Compare (old and dialect) French cosson a re-seller, one who buys and sells over again (Godefroy) = Italian cozzone ‘a horse-courser’ (Florio) < Latin cōciōnem a broker. But of these words the -on- is an integral part; hence the derived verb is in Latin cōciōnārī , Italian cozzonare , and this would not naturally become coss in English. There is also the difficult question of the relation of coss to corse v. and to scorse v.¹, in the same sense, as to which see the latter.

Chiefly Scottish.

transitive. To barter, exchange. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)]

monga1250

corsec1440

coss14..

merchant1511

chafferc1535

merchandise1538

mart1589

trade1589

broke1598

factor1611

handle1638

commercea1641

chop1645

chaffera1657

job1701

truck1715

to turn in1822

monger1928

society > trade and finance > barter > [verb (transitive)]

interchangec1374

changea1382

barterc1440

corsec1440

rore1440

truckc1440

coss14..

scorse1509

chafferc1535

to chop and change1549

chop1554

cope1570

excourse1593

swap1594

coupc1610

exchange1614

to trade off1676

rap1699

dicker1864

horse-trade1924

14.. Lyarde in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 281 Coussid awaye at Appilby faire, As wyfis makis bargans, a horse for a mare.

1483 Cath. Angl. 77 Coyse, alterare, & cetera; vbi to chawnge.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 470 Bruce said, ‘Fer ma on this day we haiff losyt.’ Wallace ansuerd, ‘Allace, thai war ewill cosyt’ [v.r. coist].

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. v. 188 The traste Alethys With hym hes helmys cossyt [v.r. cosit; Virgil ix. 307 galeam permutat], and gaue him his.

1515 Burgh Rec. Prestwick (1834) 47 Þe said George allegit he had gottyn it [sc. a sword] in quossyn fra þe said James.

1570 Regent's Trag. ii, in Sempill Ballates 70 Steilling vp ane close, Possest in purpois, lyfe for lyfe to cose.

1573 J. Davidson Breif Commendatioun Vprichtnes xlvi. (Jam.) Let not the lufe of this lyfe temporall..Stay you to cois with lyfe celestial.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 1180 To Cope, or coase. Cambire.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Coss, to exchange. Loth., Berwicks.

Derivatives

ˈcossing n. (also †cosing)

ΚΠ

1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 781 Sic coissing, but loissing, all honest men may vse.

1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione at Bote In all excambion, or cossing of landes.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 136 The mystery of Horse-cosing.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.¹1570

n.²1616

n.³?1635

v.14..

单词	coss
释义	† cossn.¹ Forms: Also cosse. Etymology: < obsolete French cosse, < Italian cosa thing, a translation of Arabic shai ‘thing’, the term applied to the unknown quantity (or x) of an equation, etc. Obsolete. In Rule of Coss, an early name for Algebra. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] algebra1551 almacabala1570 Rule of Coss1570 analytics1656 universal mathematics1673 figurative arithmetic1690 universal arithmetic1720 characteristic equation1857 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. ij ^v That great Arithmeticall Arte of Æquation: commonly called the Rule of Coss. or Algebra. 1579 L. Digges & T. Digges Stratioticos* 55 This Art of Algebra or Rule of Cosse as the Italians terme it. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Cosse and Cossick, the old Word for Algebra. 1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (new ed.) I. 335 Coss, Rule of, meant the same as Algebra, by which name it was for some time called, when first introduced into Europe through the Italians, who named it Regola de Cosa, the Rule of the thing; the unknown quantity, or that which was required in any question, being called cosa, the thing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020). cosscosn.² Brit. /kɒs/, U.S. /kɔs/, /kɑs/ Forms: Also 1600s ( course, courss), 1800s cose, kos, koss. (Plural same as singular) Etymology: < Hindi kōs, Pali koss < Sanskrit kroça a measure of distance, but originally a call, calling distance: compare cooee n. Anglo-Indian. A measure of length in India, varying in different parts from 2¹/ ₂ miles or more down to about 1¹/ ₄.‘Actual measurement of road distance between 5 pair of Akbar's kos-minárs (coss-pyramids) near Delhi, gave a mean of 2m. 4f. 158yds’ (Yule). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > Anglo-Indian or Indian units coss1616 covid1686 guz1698 yojana1789 1616 Terry in Purchas Pilgrims II. 1468 The length of those..Provinces is..1000 Courses, every Indian Course being two English miles. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 61 A pilgrimage to Asmeer a hundred and thirty course or two hundred English miles distant thence. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea IV. xix. 157 (note) They reckon it two hundred and two coss, each coss of four thousand yards. 1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master iv. 76 (note) It is calculated, that an Indian coss is an English mile and a half; but it differs in the eastern and western parts. 1826 J. Leyden & W. Erskine tr. Mem. Zehir-Ed-Din 393 I directed Chikmâk Beg..to measure the distance from Agra to Kâbul; that at every nine kos he should raise a minâr, or turret, twelve gez in height. 1884 E. Arnold in Contemp. Rev. Sept. 422 A Koss and a half of a Koss went they. 1893 R. Kipling Many Inventions 193 He may have gone to the next hut... It is only four koss. 1901 R. Kipling Kim ii. 50 Think how far thou art on the road—an hundred kos from Lahore already. 1912 R. Kipling in Everybody's Mag. Mar. 311/2 I stood in the line..one koss, two koss distant. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). cossn.³ Etymology: < coss v. Scottish. Exchange, barter. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [noun] mongingOE cheapinga1000 cheapOE chaffer?c1225 merchandisea1300 market-making1340 merchandyc1350 corseriec1380 chafferinga1382 need-doinga1382 changea1387 chapmanhoodc1386 cossery?a1400 bargaining1401 merchandisinga1425 merchandrya1450 intercourse1473 business1478 chapmanry1483 the feat of merchandisec1503 market1525 trade1549 marting1553 contractation1555 trading1556 merchantryc1560 marketing1561 mart1562 trafficking1570 contraction1582 tract1582 nundination1586 commerce1587 chafferya1599 negotiation1601 intertraffica1603 traffic1603 commercery1604 intertrading1606 correspondence1607 mercature1611 correspondency1613 coss?1635 negotiating1640 dealing1691 chapmanship1727 merchanting1883 intertrade1915 ?1635 in D. Dickson Sel. Pract. Writings (1845) (modernized text) 150 Here we have Paul's coss and quitting of all other things that he may get Christ. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2019). cossv. Forms: Middle English couss, coyse, Middle English–1500s cose, 1500s cois(s, coce, coase, quoss, 1500s, 1800s coss. Etymology: Of uncertain derivation and history. Compare (old and dialect) French cosson a re-seller, one who buys and sells over again (Godefroy) = Italian cozzone ‘a horse-courser’ (Florio) < Latin cōciōnem a broker. But of these words the -on- is an integral part; hence the derived verb is in Latin cōciōnārī , Italian cozzonare , and this would not naturally become coss in English. There is also the difficult question of the relation of coss to corse v. and to scorse v.¹, in the same sense, as to which see the latter. Chiefly Scottish. transitive. To barter, exchange. Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)] monga1250 corsec1440 coss14.. merchant1511 chafferc1535 merchandise1538 mart1589 trade1589 broke1598 factor1611 handle1638 commercea1641 chop1645 chaffera1657 job1701 truck1715 to turn in1822 monger1928 society > trade and finance > barter > [verb (transitive)] interchangec1374 changea1382 barterc1440 corsec1440 rore1440 truckc1440 coss14.. scorse1509 chafferc1535 to chop and change1549 chop1554 cope1570 excourse1593 swap1594 coupc1610 exchange1614 to trade off1676 rap1699 dicker1864 horse-trade1924 14.. Lyarde in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 281 Coussid awaye at Appilby faire, As wyfis makis bargans, a horse for a mare. 1483 Cath. Angl. 77 Coyse, alterare, & cetera; vbi to chawnge. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 470 Bruce said, ‘Fer ma on this day we haiff losyt.’ Wallace ansuerd, ‘Allace, thai war ewill cosyt’ [v.r. coist]. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. v. 188 The traste Alethys With hym hes helmys cossyt [v.r. cosit; Virgil ix. 307 galeam permutat], and gaue him his. 1515 Burgh Rec. Prestwick (1834) 47 Þe said George allegit he had gottyn it [sc. a sword] in quossyn fra þe said James. 1570 Regent's Trag. ii, in Sempill Ballates 70 Steilling vp ane close, Possest in purpois, lyfe for lyfe to cose. 1573 J. Davidson Breif Commendatioun Vprichtnes xlvi. (Jam.) Let not the lufe of this lyfe temporall..Stay you to cois with lyfe celestial. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 1180 To Cope, or coase. Cambire. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Coss, to exchange. Loth., Berwicks. Derivatives ˈcossing n. (also †cosing) ΚΠ 1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 781 Sic coissing, but loissing, all honest men may vse. 1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione at Bote In all excambion, or cossing of landes. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 136 The mystery of Horse-cosing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹1570n.²1616n.³?1635v.14..
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† cossn.1

cosscosn.2

cossn.3

cossv.

Derivatives

† cossn.¹

cosscosn.²

cossn.³