costern.¹

Brit.

/ˈkɒstə/, U.S.

/ˈkɑstər/

Forms: Middle English coostre, Middle English costerde (in a late copy), Middle English costere, Middle English costour, Middle English costre, Middle English costur, Middle English costure, Middle English coustier, Middle English coustur, Middle English 1600s 1800s– coster. N.E.D. (1893) also records a form Middle English costier.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French coster.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman coster, costere, costier, costre, coustour side hanging for an altar or choir (a1370 or earlier; compare Old French costier (masculine), costiere (feminine) side (12th cent.)), use as noun of costier of or belonging to the side, collateral (although this is apparently first attested later: 13th cent.) < coste side (see coast n.) + -ier (see -er suffix²). Compare (probably < French) post-classical Latin costera, costura (frequently from c1350 in British sources).It is unclear whether the following earlier quots. should be taken as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word (the first quot. is from a translation of an account which was kept either in Latin or in Anglo-Norman, the second quot. shows a Latin linguistic context):1368 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 91 2 dosers, 4 costers, 6 banquers.1384–5 in Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum (1846) VI. 1363/2 Duo costers panni magni de velvetto.

Now historical and rare.

A hanging for a bed, table, wall of a room, etc.; spec. (in later use) a hanging for an altar or choir (choir n. 2a).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > covers or hangings > [noun] > hangings > a hanging

banker?c1350

coster1395

costeringa1427

hanging1431

ceilingc1450

valent1794

fall1852

1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 5 An Halle, with docere, costers and bankers, of sute of that forseyde bed.

1425 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 65 A browded bed wiþ þe costures.

?1484 Will of Margaret Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 386 I bequeth to Edmund Paston..a fetherbedde..and the costers of worsted that he hath of me.

c1560 (a1500) Squyr Lowe Degre (Copland) l. 833 Your costerdes covered with whyte and blewe, And dyapred with lyles newe.

1676 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. II. 27/1 To Sir Thomas Morle Knight, his son, he bequeath'd his Principal Dorser, four Costers, and one Banker.

1830 N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York Index 242/2 Costers, pieces of tapestry used on the sides of a table, and on the benches round it.

1844 A. W. Pugin Gloss. Eccl. Ornament 81 Coster, a name given to hangings for the sides of an altar or choir.

1901 Church Eclectic Jan. 933/2 The Riddels or Costers were always a feature of the medieval altars.

1913 W. H. S. Hope Heraldry for Craftsmen & Designers xii. 328 Among the chapel stuff of Henry Bowet archbishop of York, in 1423, were..two costers or curtains of red embroidered with great white roses and the arms of St. Peter.

2003 F. Pritchard in D. Jenkins Cambr. Hist. Western Textiles I. vii. 361 In 1399 Simon Wynchecombe, a London armourer, bequeathed tapestry-woven costers, bankers and cushions to his son.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

costern.²

Brit.

/ˈkɒstə/, U.S.

/ˈkɑstər/

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: costermonger n.

Etymology: Short for costermonger n.

colloquial. Now chiefly historical and rare.

A person who sells fruit, vegetables, fish, etc., in the street from a barrow or handcart; = costermonger n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > street vendor

costermonger?1518

street vendor1840

street trader1845

coster1851

handseller1851

patterer1851

umbrella man1851

gutter-man1892

dragger1896

gutter-merchant1896

pitcher1896

pitchman1914

pitchwoman1927

barrow boy1939

fly-pitcher1965

mama put1979

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of provisions > seller of fruit

fruiterer1408

apple seller1440

fruitera1483

costard-jagger?1518

costermonger?1518

apple-monger1540

pippin-monger1607

oporopolist1671

fructster1688

orange merchant1693

coster1851

pearly king1902

pearly1917

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 26/1 The costers never steal from one another.

1878 W. Besant & J. Rice By Celia's Arbour I. i. 14 A street market, consisting almost entirely of costers' carts and barrows.

1921 Good Housek. Jan. 108/2 The coster was dressed in the soiled khaki of a man recently released from the Army.

2004 Evening Standard (Nexis) 17 Sept. a15 The yard where the costers stored their barrows overnight has been closed by mean landlords.

Compounds

General attributive, as coster-boy, coster-ditty, coster-girl, coster-song, etc.

ΚΠ

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 35/2 (heading) The Education of the ‘Coster-Lads’.

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 43/1 The story of one coster girl's life.

1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago III. vi. 164 Laying down the law to a group of coster-boys.

1887 Times 3 Dec. 12/3 He and his brethren of the coster fraternity had been driven from pillar to post.

1892 Graphic 21 May Long before the days of Mr. Chevalier and his excellent songs, there was a coster-ditty, which [etc.]

1920 Harper's Mag. Mar. 471/2 How about that little coster song out of ‘Pippa Passes’?

1970 Winnipeg Free Press 28 Mar. (New Leisure section) 6/3 To protect themselves from interlopers, the costers elected a ‘king’—the Coster King he was called—to lay down the law with his coster followers.

2005 C. Clark Great Stink xvi. 181 A dark-faced coster-boy staggered down the stairs, a bloodied bulldog in his arms.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	coster
释义	costern.¹ Brit. /ˈkɒstə/, U.S. /ˈkɑstər/ Forms: Middle English coostre, Middle English costerde (in a late copy), Middle English costere, Middle English costour, Middle English costre, Middle English costur, Middle English costure, Middle English coustier, Middle English coustur, Middle English 1600s 1800s– coster. N.E.D. (1893) also records a form Middle English costier. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French coster. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman coster, costere, costier, costre, coustour side hanging for an altar or choir (a1370 or earlier; compare Old French costier (masculine), costiere (feminine) side (12th cent.)), use as noun of costier of or belonging to the side, collateral (although this is apparently first attested later: 13th cent.) < coste side (see coast n.) + -ier (see -er suffix²). Compare (probably < French) post-classical Latin costera, costura (frequently from c1350 in British sources).It is unclear whether the following earlier quots. should be taken as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word (the first quot. is from a translation of an account which was kept either in Latin or in Anglo-Norman, the second quot. shows a Latin linguistic context):1368 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 91 2 dosers, 4 costers, 6 banquers.1384–5 in Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum (1846) VI. 1363/2 Duo costers panni magni de velvetto. Now historical and rare. A hanging for a bed, table, wall of a room, etc.; spec. (in later use) a hanging for an altar or choir (choir n. 2a). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > covers or hangings > [noun] > hangings > a hanging banker?c1350 coster1395 costeringa1427 hanging1431 ceilingc1450 valent1794 fall1852 1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 5 An Halle, with docere, costers and bankers, of sute of that forseyde bed. 1425 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 65 A browded bed wiþ þe costures. ?1484 Will of Margaret Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 386 I bequeth to Edmund Paston..a fetherbedde..and the costers of worsted that he hath of me. c1560 (a1500) Squyr Lowe Degre (Copland) l. 833 Your costerdes covered with whyte and blewe, And dyapred with lyles newe. 1676 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. II. 27/1 To Sir Thomas Morle Knight, his son, he bequeath'd his Principal Dorser, four Costers, and one Banker. 1830 N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York Index 242/2 Costers, pieces of tapestry used on the sides of a table, and on the benches round it. 1844 A. W. Pugin Gloss. Eccl. Ornament 81 Coster, a name given to hangings for the sides of an altar or choir. 1901 Church Eclectic Jan. 933/2 The Riddels or Costers were always a feature of the medieval altars. 1913 W. H. S. Hope Heraldry for Craftsmen & Designers xii. 328 Among the chapel stuff of Henry Bowet archbishop of York, in 1423, were..two costers or curtains of red embroidered with great white roses and the arms of St. Peter. 2003 F. Pritchard in D. Jenkins Cambr. Hist. Western Textiles I. vii. 361 In 1399 Simon Wynchecombe, a London armourer, bequeathed tapestry-woven costers, bankers and cushions to his son. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). costern.² Brit. /ˈkɒstə/, U.S. /ˈkɑstər/ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: costermonger n. Etymology: Short for costermonger n. colloquial. Now chiefly historical and rare. A person who sells fruit, vegetables, fish, etc., in the street from a barrow or handcart; = costermonger n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > street vendor costermonger?1518 street vendor1840 street trader1845 coster1851 handseller1851 patterer1851 umbrella man1851 gutter-man1892 dragger1896 gutter-merchant1896 pitcher1896 pitchman1914 pitchwoman1927 barrow boy1939 fly-pitcher1965 mama put1979 society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of provisions > seller of fruit fruiterer1408 apple seller1440 fruitera1483 costard-jagger?1518 costermonger?1518 apple-monger1540 pippin-monger1607 oporopolist1671 fructster1688 orange merchant1693 coster1851 pearly king1902 pearly1917 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 26/1 The costers never steal from one another. 1878 W. Besant & J. Rice By Celia's Arbour I. i. 14 A street market, consisting almost entirely of costers' carts and barrows. 1921 Good Housek. Jan. 108/2 The coster was dressed in the soiled khaki of a man recently released from the Army. 2004 Evening Standard (Nexis) 17 Sept. a15 The yard where the costers stored their barrows overnight has been closed by mean landlords. Compounds General attributive, as coster-boy, coster-ditty, coster-girl, coster-song, etc. ΚΠ 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 35/2 (heading) The Education of the ‘Coster-Lads’. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 43/1 The story of one coster girl's life. 1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago III. vi. 164 Laying down the law to a group of coster-boys. 1887 Times 3 Dec. 12/3 He and his brethren of the coster fraternity had been driven from pillar to post. 1892 Graphic 21 May Long before the days of Mr. Chevalier and his excellent songs, there was a coster-ditty, which [etc.] 1920 Harper's Mag. Mar. 471/2 How about that little coster song out of ‘Pippa Passes’? 1970 Winnipeg Free Press 28 Mar. (New Leisure section) 6/3 To protect themselves from interlopers, the costers elected a ‘king’—the Coster King he was called—to lay down the law with his coster followers. 2005 C. Clark Great Stink xvi. 181 A dark-faced coster-boy staggered down the stairs, a bloodied bulldog in his arms. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1395n.²1851
随便看	reinforcements reinforcer reinforcers reinforces reinforcing reinform reinformed reinforming reinforms reinfund reinfunded reinfunding reinfunds reinfuse reinfused reinfuses reinfusing reinfusion reinga reingest reingestion reingraff reingraft reingrafting reingratiate

costern.1

costern.2

Compounds

costern.¹

costern.²