† costningn.¹

Forms:

α. Old English constungae (Mercian, accusative, transmission error), Old English costing, Old English costong (Northumbrian), Old English costuncg (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English costung, early Middle English costlinge (dative, apparently transmission error).

β. Old English costnuncg, Old English–early Middle English costnung, late Old English costnigna (Kentish, accusative, transmission error), late Old English costning, late Old English costnungen (accusative plural), early Middle English costneng- (inflected form), early Middle English costninȝ.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon costunga temptation, Old High German kostunga trial, temptation (Middle High German kostunge , German †Kostung ) < the Germanic base of costen v.¹ + the Germanic base of -ing suffix¹. With the β. forms compare β. forms at costen v.¹ and discussion at that entry.

Obsolete.

Trial, test; temptation; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun]

fandingc1000

costningOE

assay1330

say?c1335

assayingc1375

experimenta1382

proofc1390

experience1393

tastinga1400

probationc1422

probe?a1425

approof1436

fraistingc1440

examination?1510

saying1512

approving1523

trial1526

test1594

approbationa1616

trya1616

proval1622

tempting1623

probatea1643

experimental1659

testinga1834

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 13 Ne gelæd þu us on costnunge__[OE Lindisf. Gospels in costunge] ac alys us of yfele.

OE Paris Psalter (1932) cvi. 18 Þa hi on costunge cleopedan to drihtne.

lOE St. Neot (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 130 Ongann þa sænden his ættrige wæpnen, þæt synd costnungen, togeanes þan halgen were.

c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 138 Ber þa to him þa ylce costungæ þe he þam ereste men Adam and Euam mid forcostode and biswaac.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 119 (MED) Vre wreche hierte, ðe his ofte forswald of ðan michele brene of dieules costninȝes.

a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 67 Ne led us noht in to costnunga.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

† costningn.²

Forms: Middle English costnigge (transmission error), Middle English costninge.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: costen v.², -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < costen v.² + -ing suffix¹.

Obsolete.

Cost, expense.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses

costningc1275

spense1297

costagesa1325

misesa1325

spenses1377

dispensec1380

expensesc1384

pensiona1387

costsc1390

resaillec1450

chargec1460

charges1514

outgiving1556

disbursement1607

going-outs1607

defalcation1622

outgoing1622

expense1632

outgoa1641

damage1755

outset1755

expenditure1791

outspend1859

ex1864

paid-out1883

outs1884

x's1894

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11251 Sixti scipen. mid his aȝere costninge bringen heom to Londenne.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 151 Hou me lyest þane time and costnigge [emended in ed. to costningge; Fr. depens] uor to lyerni þing þet naȝt ne is worþ bote to ydele blisse.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	costning
释义	† costningn.¹ Forms: α. Old English constungae (Mercian, accusative, transmission error), Old English costing, Old English costong (Northumbrian), Old English costuncg (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English costung, early Middle English costlinge (dative, apparently transmission error). β. Old English costnuncg, Old English–early Middle English costnung, late Old English costnigna (Kentish, accusative, transmission error), late Old English costning, late Old English costnungen (accusative plural), early Middle English costneng- (inflected form), early Middle English costninȝ. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon costunga temptation, Old High German kostunga trial, temptation (Middle High German kostunge , German †Kostung ) < the Germanic base of costen v.¹ + the Germanic base of -ing suffix¹. With the β. forms compare β. forms at costen v.¹ and discussion at that entry. Obsolete. Trial, test; temptation; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] fandingc1000 costningOE assay1330 say?c1335 assayingc1375 experimenta1382 proofc1390 experience1393 tastinga1400 probationc1422 probe?a1425 approof1436 fraistingc1440 examination?1510 saying1512 approving1523 trial1526 test1594 approbationa1616 trya1616 proval1622 tempting1623 probatea1643 experimental1659 testinga1834 OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 13 Ne gelæd þu us on costnunge__[OE Lindisf. Gospels in costunge] ac alys us of yfele. OE Paris Psalter (1932) cvi. 18 Þa hi on costunge cleopedan to drihtne. lOE St. Neot (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 130 Ongann þa sænden his ættrige wæpnen, þæt synd costnungen, togeanes þan halgen were. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 138 Ber þa to him þa ylce costungæ þe he þam ereste men Adam and Euam mid forcostode and biswaac. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 119 (MED) Vre wreche hierte, ðe his ofte forswald of ðan michele brene of dieules costninȝes. a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 67 Ne led us noht in to costnunga. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † costningn.² Forms: Middle English costnigge (transmission error), Middle English costninge. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: costen v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < costen v.² + -ing suffix¹. Obsolete. Cost, expense. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses costningc1275 spense1297 costagesa1325 misesa1325 spenses1377 dispensec1380 expensesc1384 pensiona1387 costsc1390 resaillec1450 chargec1460 charges1514 outgiving1556 disbursement1607 going-outs1607 defalcation1622 outgoing1622 expense1632 outgoa1641 damage1755 outset1755 expenditure1791 outspend1859 ex1864 paid-out1883 outs1884 x's1894 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11251 Sixti scipen. mid his aȝere costninge bringen heom to Londenne. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 151 Hou me lyest þane time and costnigge [emended in ed. to costningge; Fr. depens] uor to lyerni þing þet naȝt ne is worþ bote to ydele blisse. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹OEn.²c1275
随便看	selp selrife selsdon man selskii skhod selsyn selsyn motor selsyns selth selthelike seltzer seltzer-water seltzers seltzerwater seltzogene seltzogenes selva selvage selvage-motion selvage-protector selvage-strop selvage-thread selvage-way selvaged selvagee selvagee strop

† costningn.1

† costningn.2

† costningn.¹

† costningn.²