costo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French costo-.

Etymology: < French costo- (formations in which are found from the first half of the 18th cent.) < classical Latin costa rib (see costa n.¹) + French -o- -o- connective. Compare costi- comb. form.Attested from the early 19th cent. in a number of adaptations from French. Combining with second elements ultimately of Latin and Greek origin. French costo- was used systematically to form names of muscles by F. Chaussier Exposition sommaire des muscles du corps humain (1789).

1. Anatomy and Zoology. Forming adjectives (and derived nouns) designating ligaments and muscles connecting a rib with the bone or other structure specified by the second element, or designating a joint between a rib and the bone, or the part of a bone (esp. a vertebra), specified by the second element, as costo-clavicular, costo-sternal, costo-vertebral, etc.

ΚΠ

1813 J. G. Coffin tr. X. Bichat Treat. Membranes 230 The superior synovial membrane is always observed alone on the outside, separated by the fatty tissue of the costo-clavicular ligament [Fr. ligament costo-claviculaire].

1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 191 Middle Costo-Transverse Ligament [Fr. Ligament costo-transversaire moyen].

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 8/2 The costoxiphoid ligament.

1912 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 20 Apr. 889/2 It was shut off from the lower abdomen by the mesocolic shelf and the costo-colic fold.

1930 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 218 140 The costo-central diarthrosis consists of a very dense fibrous tissue.

1966 G. P. Wright & W. S. Symmers Systemic Pathol. II. 1435/2 Ankylosing spondylitis (Strümpell–Marie disease) is characterized by arthritis and bony ankylosis of..the costovertebral and the sacroiliac joints.

2014 D. J. Magee Orthopedic Physical Assessment (ed. 6) viii. 508/1 The lateral costo-transverse ligament runs from the tip of the transverse process to the adjacent rib.

2. Forming adjectives and nouns relating to the ribs, esp. with the sense ‘costal and ——’, as costochondral, costo-pulmonary, etc.

ΚΠ

1868 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Mar. 247/1 The left superior extremity being supplied by the ascending cervical, transverse scapular, and costo-cervical vessels.

1869 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Jan. 2/2 Hence we have the lung diminished from pressure, the pulmonary pleura thickened, with costo-pulmonary adhesions.

1907 G. F. Still in W. Osler Mod. Med. I. xxxiii. 876 The most frequent manifestation is..a thickening at the costochondral junction which in a thin child can be seen.

1912 Lancet 17 Aug. 470/2 In 1898 von Eiselberg, the well-known Viennese surgeon, devised a plan for the operative treatment of scapula alata, which consisted in costo-scapular suture at the inferior angle of the scapula.

1994 Pain 58 325/1 Tumor invasion to the pleural cavity and thoracic wall, known as costopleural syndrome, often causes severe chest and back pain.

2006 Jrnl. Compar. Pathol. 135 152/1 The unatrophied proximal portion of the left cranial cardinal vein drained the venous flow of the costothoracic region.

2010 Daily Tel. 18 Oct. 29/5 An internet symptom-checker, also for left-side chest pain, listed 37 possible conditions including costochondritis.

costo-abdominal adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɒstəʊabˈdɒmᵻnl/

/ˌkɒstəʊəbˈdɒmᵻnl/

U.S.

/ˌkɑstoʊæbˈdɑmən(ə)l/

/ˌkɑstoʊəbˈdɑmən(ə)l/

†(a) [after French costo-abdominal ( F. Chaussier Exposition sommaire des muscles du corps humain (1789) 2)] Anatomy designating the external oblique muscle of the abdomen, which originates from the ribs and inserts onto the pelvis and the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle (obsolete rare); (b) costal and abdominal; spec. (of respiration) involving a combination of movements of the ribs and the diaphragm.

ΚΠ

1845 S. Palmer Pentaglot Dict. 166/1 Costo-abdominal, a term, in Anatomy, applied by Chaussier, to the Obliquus externus abdominis muscle.

1882 Lancet 19 Aug. 284/2 The experiments were made in animals in which the respiration is both abdominal and costo-abdominal.

1910 G. L. Hunner in H. A. Kelly & C. P. Noble Gynecol. & Abdominal Surg. I. viii. 441 The costo-abdominal region is noted with reference to its size and shape.

2008 T. J. Divers & S. E. Peek Rebhun's Dis. Dairy Cattle (ed. 2) i. 9/1 The character of respiration may be normal costo-abdominal, thoracic, or abdominal.

costo-coracoid adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɒstə(ʊ)ˈkɒrəkɔɪd/

U.S.

/ˌkɑstoʊˈkɔrəˌkɔɪd/

[after French costo-coracoïdien (1802 or earlier); compare French costo-coracoïde (1805; rare)] designating a band of fascia connecting the first rib with the coracoid process of the scapula; of, relating to, or associated with this structure.

ΚΠ

1824 R. Harrison Surg. Anat. Arteries I. 156 This fascia, in some subjects, is very strong, like a ligament, and is considered as such by some anatomists, who have given it the name of Costo-coracoid Ligament.

1949 H. Bailey Demonstr. Physical Signs Clin. Surg. (ed. 11) xiii. 136 Occasionally the costocoracoid group of lymph-nodes is enlarged when those of the axilla are not.

2006 Heart Rhythm 3 366/2 The axillary vein is covered anteriorly by the pectoralis minor, pectoralis major muscles, and costo-coracoid membrane.

† costo-inferior adj. [after French costo-inférieur (J. H. S. Beau & J. H. Maissiat 1842, in Arch. gén. de méd. 15 399)] Medicine Obsolete (of respiration) involving movement of the lower ribs.

ΚΠ

1845 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 19 263 In the costo-inferior type of respiration, they act by depressing the ribs.

1878 W. E. Riordan Causes of Origin Heart Dis. & Aneurism in Army iv. 36 Abdominal or costo-inferior respiration would be impeded during gestation, or the gravid womb disturbed.

1905 H. Ashby & G. A. Wright Dis. Children (ed. 5) i. 3 Later the costo-inferior type is present, respiration takes place by means of the intercostals.

† costo-superior adj. [after French costo-supérieur (J. H. S. Beau & J. H. Maissiat 1842, in Arch. gén. de méd. 15 399)] Medicine Obsolete (of respiration) involving movement of the upper ribs and chest.

ΚΠ

1845 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 19 263 They [sc. muscles] act..; in the costo superior, by drawing in the abdominal walls, and pressing the abdominal viscera against the diaphragm.

1879 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 6 Feb. 178 No doubt the respiration is of the costo-superior type.

1910 M. Yearsley tr. E. J. Moure & A. Bouyer Abuse Singing & Speaking Voice iv. 68 A female singer who inspires the requisite amount..by the costo-superior or clavicular method, ought not to be forced to respire with her diaphragm.

costotome n.

Brit.

/ˈkɒstətəʊm/

U.S.

/ˈkɑstəˌtoʊm/

[after French costotome (1835 or earlier)] any instrument used to cut through a rib.

ΚΠ

1848 F. E. Oliver & W. W. Morland tr. A. F. Chomel Elements Gen. Pathol. 360 When the latter are to be sawed through, or, what is better, divided by a costotome [Fr. costotome], the incision should be carried further outward.

1918 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Feb. 145/2 Doyen's periosteal elevator and costotome are the instruments we have found best for resection of the rib.

2015 S. Naran & R. M. Menard in P. J. Taub et al. Ferraro's Fund. Maxillofacial Surg. (ed. 2) viii. 129 (caption) The rib can be divided laterally using a costotome.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	costo-
释义	costo-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French costo-. Etymology: < French costo- (formations in which are found from the first half of the 18th cent.) < classical Latin costa rib (see costa n.¹) + French -o- -o- connective. Compare costi- comb. form.Attested from the early 19th cent. in a number of adaptations from French. Combining with second elements ultimately of Latin and Greek origin. French costo- was used systematically to form names of muscles by F. Chaussier Exposition sommaire des muscles du corps humain (1789). 1. Anatomy and Zoology. Forming adjectives (and derived nouns) designating ligaments and muscles connecting a rib with the bone or other structure specified by the second element, or designating a joint between a rib and the bone, or the part of a bone (esp. a vertebra), specified by the second element, as costo-clavicular, costo-sternal, costo-vertebral, etc. ΚΠ 1813 J. G. Coffin tr. X. Bichat Treat. Membranes 230 The superior synovial membrane is always observed alone on the outside, separated by the fatty tissue of the costo-clavicular ligament [Fr. ligament costo-claviculaire]. 1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 191 Middle Costo-Transverse Ligament [Fr. Ligament costo-transversaire moyen]. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 8/2 The costoxiphoid ligament. 1912 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 20 Apr. 889/2 It was shut off from the lower abdomen by the mesocolic shelf and the costo-colic fold. 1930 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 218 140 The costo-central diarthrosis consists of a very dense fibrous tissue. 1966 G. P. Wright & W. S. Symmers Systemic Pathol. II. 1435/2 Ankylosing spondylitis (Strümpell–Marie disease) is characterized by arthritis and bony ankylosis of..the costovertebral and the sacroiliac joints. 2014 D. J. Magee Orthopedic Physical Assessment (ed. 6) viii. 508/1 The lateral costo-transverse ligament runs from the tip of the transverse process to the adjacent rib. 2. Forming adjectives and nouns relating to the ribs, esp. with the sense ‘costal and ——’, as costochondral, costo-pulmonary, etc. ΚΠ 1868 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Mar. 247/1 The left superior extremity being supplied by the ascending cervical, transverse scapular, and costo-cervical vessels. 1869 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Jan. 2/2 Hence we have the lung diminished from pressure, the pulmonary pleura thickened, with costo-pulmonary adhesions. 1907 G. F. Still in W. Osler Mod. Med. I. xxxiii. 876 The most frequent manifestation is..a thickening at the costochondral junction which in a thin child can be seen. 1912 Lancet 17 Aug. 470/2 In 1898 von Eiselberg, the well-known Viennese surgeon, devised a plan for the operative treatment of scapula alata, which consisted in costo-scapular suture at the inferior angle of the scapula. 1994 Pain 58 325/1 Tumor invasion to the pleural cavity and thoracic wall, known as costopleural syndrome, often causes severe chest and back pain. 2006 Jrnl. Compar. Pathol. 135 152/1 The unatrophied proximal portion of the left cranial cardinal vein drained the venous flow of the costothoracic region. 2010 Daily Tel. 18 Oct. 29/5 An internet symptom-checker, also for left-side chest pain, listed 37 possible conditions including costochondritis. 3. costo-abdominal adj. Brit. /ˌkɒstəʊabˈdɒmᵻnl/ , /ˌkɒstəʊəbˈdɒmᵻnl/ , U.S. /ˌkɑstoʊæbˈdɑmən(ə)l/ , /ˌkɑstoʊəbˈdɑmən(ə)l/ †(a) [after French costo-abdominal ( F. Chaussier Exposition sommaire des muscles du corps humain (1789) 2)] Anatomy designating the external oblique muscle of the abdomen, which originates from the ribs and inserts onto the pelvis and the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle (obsolete rare); (b) costal and abdominal; spec. (of respiration) involving a combination of movements of the ribs and the diaphragm. ΚΠ 1845 S. Palmer Pentaglot Dict. 166/1 Costo-abdominal, a term, in Anatomy, applied by Chaussier, to the Obliquus externus abdominis muscle. 1882 Lancet 19 Aug. 284/2 The experiments were made in animals in which the respiration is both abdominal and costo-abdominal. 1910 G. L. Hunner in H. A. Kelly & C. P. Noble Gynecol. & Abdominal Surg. I. viii. 441 The costo-abdominal region is noted with reference to its size and shape. 2008 T. J. Divers & S. E. Peek Rebhun's Dis. Dairy Cattle (ed. 2) i. 9/1 The character of respiration may be normal costo-abdominal, thoracic, or abdominal. costo-coracoid adj. Brit. /ˌkɒstə(ʊ)ˈkɒrəkɔɪd/ , U.S. /ˌkɑstoʊˈkɔrəˌkɔɪd/ [after French costo-coracoïdien (1802 or earlier); compare French costo-coracoïde (1805; rare)] designating a band of fascia connecting the first rib with the coracoid process of the scapula; of, relating to, or associated with this structure. ΚΠ 1824 R. Harrison Surg. Anat. Arteries I. 156 This fascia, in some subjects, is very strong, like a ligament, and is considered as such by some anatomists, who have given it the name of Costo-coracoid Ligament. 1949 H. Bailey Demonstr. Physical Signs Clin. Surg. (ed. 11) xiii. 136 Occasionally the costocoracoid group of lymph-nodes is enlarged when those of the axilla are not. 2006 Heart Rhythm 3 366/2 The axillary vein is covered anteriorly by the pectoralis minor, pectoralis major muscles, and costo-coracoid membrane. † costo-inferior adj. [after French costo-inférieur (J. H. S. Beau & J. H. Maissiat 1842, in Arch. gén. de méd. 15 399)] Medicine Obsolete (of respiration) involving movement of the lower ribs. ΚΠ 1845 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 19 263 In the costo-inferior type of respiration, they act by depressing the ribs. 1878 W. E. Riordan Causes of Origin Heart Dis. & Aneurism in Army iv. 36 Abdominal or costo-inferior respiration would be impeded during gestation, or the gravid womb disturbed. 1905 H. Ashby & G. A. Wright Dis. Children (ed. 5) i. 3 Later the costo-inferior type is present, respiration takes place by means of the intercostals. † costo-superior adj. [after French costo-supérieur (J. H. S. Beau & J. H. Maissiat 1842, in Arch. gén. de méd. 15 399)] Medicine Obsolete (of respiration) involving movement of the upper ribs and chest. ΚΠ 1845 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 19 263 They [sc. muscles] act..; in the costo superior, by drawing in the abdominal walls, and pressing the abdominal viscera against the diaphragm. 1879 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 6 Feb. 178 No doubt the respiration is of the costo-superior type. 1910 M. Yearsley tr. E. J. Moure & A. Bouyer Abuse Singing & Speaking Voice iv. 68 A female singer who inspires the requisite amount..by the costo-superior or clavicular method, ought not to be forced to respire with her diaphragm. costotome n. Brit. /ˈkɒstətəʊm/ , U.S. /ˈkɑstəˌtoʊm/ [after French costotome (1835 or earlier)] any instrument used to cut through a rib. ΚΠ 1848 F. E. Oliver & W. W. Morland tr. A. F. Chomel Elements Gen. Pathol. 360 When the latter are to be sawed through, or, what is better, divided by a costotome [Fr. costotome], the incision should be carried further outward. 1918 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Feb. 145/2 Doyen's periosteal elevator and costotome are the instruments we have found best for resection of the rib. 2015 S. Naran & R. M. Menard in P. J. Taub et al. Ferraro's Fund. Maxillofacial Surg. (ed. 2) viii. 129 (caption) The rib can be divided laterally using a costotome. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < comb. form1813
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