corporaln.1
/ˈkɔːpərəl/ Ecclesiastical.† 1. An ancient eucharistic vestment. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > vestments > outer garments > [noun] > corporal
corporala1000
a1000 Canons of Edgar in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) II. 250 We lærað þat ælc preost hæbbe corporalem þonne he mæssige.
1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 162 (transl. of prec.) in Justice Vindicated That every Priest celebrating Mass, hath his Corporal.
2.
a. A cloth, usually of linen, upon which the consecrated elements are placed during the celebration of the mass, and with which the elements, or the remnants of them, are covered after the celebration. Called also corporal-cloth.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > cloths, carpets, cushions > cloth (general) > eucharistic cloth > [noun]
altar clotha1200
corporasc1200
towel?1284
corporal1381
sindon?1553
offertory1725
chrismal1845
1381 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 233 A ‘palyoun’ of cloth of gold; two ‘corporalles’.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 93 Corporasse or corporalle, corporale.
1488 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 85 In ane vthir gardeviant:—In the fyrst, a lamp of siluer, a corporale with a cais.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cc. 237 This squier had with hym the patent and corporal.
1637 Bk. Common Prayer Church of Scotl. Communion (rubric) He that celebrates shall..cover with a fair linen cloth, or corporal, that which remaineth of the consecrated elements.
1641 I. H. Petition against Pocklington 3 He hath caused two cloathes to be made, which he cals Corporals, and these he useth to lay over the Bread in the Sacrament.
1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 64 They made use of Veils also..which were made of Lawn, as the Corporal was, afterwards of Silk.
1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers I. i. 38 Anciently, the Corporal-cloths were so large as to over~spread the whole altar.
1888 Times 22 June 13/3 Concerned in stealing a silk veil, two linen corporals, a silver cross..from St. Peter's Church.
b. corporal-case n. a case for the corporal.
ΚΠ
1488 [see sense 2a].
1559 Inv. in Reg. Episcopatus Aberd. (Spalding Club) I. App. 90 Item a corporal case with a cover of cloath of gold.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
corporaln.2
/ˈkɔːpərəl/ Military.† 2. corporal of the field: a superior officer of the army in the 16th and 17th centuries, who acted as an assistant or a kind of aide-de-camp to the sergeant-major: see quot. 1622. Obsolete.
1. A non-commissioned military officer ranking under a sergeant.‘He has charge of one of the squads of the company, places and relieves sentries, and keeps good order in the guard’ (Stocqueler). Corporal's guard: a small armed detachment such as is placed under the command of a corporal. Hence figurative a small body of followers or supporters.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > corporal
corporal1579
caporal1598
Cpl.1901
corp1909
1579 L. Digges & T. Digges Stratioticos 84 The Corporal is a degree in dignitie above the private souldior.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres 248 The word Caporall, which is a meere Italian, and also vsed by the French, we corruptly do both write and pronounce Corporall.
1642 Declar. Lords & Com. For Raising Forces 22 Dec. 7 That each Company of Dragooners have an experienced Souldier to be a Corporall.
c1645 I. Tullie Narr. Siege of Carlisle (1840) 35 Philipson..sent a corporal with 20 horse.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 164. ⁋6 An old Soldier in the Civil Wars, who was Corporal of a Company in a Regiment of Foot.
1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VI. 326 I, who command the largest British army that has been employed..have not the power of making even a corporal.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. vii. 83 The key of the store-room..was under the charge of one of the corporals of marines.
1868 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army ⁋312 When Non-commissioned Officers are required to assist the Officers, Corporals may be appointed to act as Serjeants.
1888 Times 26 June 4/4 Mr. G. M., Corporal of Horse, Royal Horse Guards..writes to correct the statement.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > aide-de-camp or adjutant
corporal of the field1591
general-adjutant1632
adjutant1641
adjutant general1644
agitant1644
aide-de-camp1670
aid-major1670
Adj.1708
aid1761
Adjt.1763
aide1776
D.A.A.G.1899
AG1913
D.A.G.-
1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 156 Office and duetie of the foure Corporals of the field.
1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre iv. ix. 153–5 The next great Officers..are the Foure Corporals of the Field, who haue their dependance only vpon the Serieant-Maior and are called his Coadiutors or assistants..who for their election ought to bee Gentlemen of great Dexteritie..such as haue at least been Captaines in other times..It is meet that all these foure Corporals of the Field bee exceeding well mounted.
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. xxi. 232 Sent a Corporall of the field, to cause the like to bee done in the Earle of Thomonds quarter.
3. Nautical †(a) Formerly: a petty officer on board ship, part of whose duty consisted in teaching the sailors the use of small arms (see quot. 1626) (obsolete); (b) ‘the ship's corporal of the present day is the superior of the first-class working petty officers, and solely attends to police matters under the master-at-arms or superintendent-in-chief’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.).
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society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > officer with specific duty > [noun] > officers with police duties
ship's corporal1626
master-at-arms1732
marshal1769
jaunty1902
crusher1908
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > officer with specific duty > [noun] > instructor > in small arms
corporal1626
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 4 The Corporall is to see the setting and releeuing the watch, and see all the souldiers and saylors keepe their Armes cleane, neate and yare, and teach them their vse.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. xi. 46 The Gunners at Sea did not exercise the Seamen in this knowledge, as the Corporal doth in Mustering of them with their musquets.
1708 London Gaz. No. 4440/1 The Midshipmen..Corporals, Yeomen of the Sheets..one Eighth Part.
1891 Times 20 Sept. A ship's corporal on duty in the Britannia.
4. A cyprinoid freshwater fish, Semotilus corporalis. U.S.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > member of genus Semotilus
horned dace1842
corporal1888
1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 427 The name Corporal seems to have been derived from the Dutch or German settlers of the Middle States.
1964 H. T. Walden Familiar Freshwater Fishes Amer. 184 The fallfish is known to many anglers as chub, silver chub, chivin, windfish, and corporal.
5.
a. The head man of a cattle party. U.S.
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1920 J. M. Hunter Trail Drivers of Texas 229 Billy Henson was our corporal or boss.
b. (See quot.)
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1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) § 041 Corporal; in Midlands, superintends haulage workers underground and controls pony drivers.
Derivatives
corporal-less adj.
ΚΠ
1840 W. M. Thackeray Catherine iv Moneyless, wifeless, horse-less, corporal-less.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
corporaladj.n.3
/ˈkɔːpərəl/ A. adj.† 2. † b. Relating to material things; material. Obsolete.† 3. Large of body. Obsolete.† 4. Having solidity; solid. Obsolete.
1. † c. Having a body, embodied. Obsolete.
a. Of or belonging to the human body; bodily.
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the world > life > the body > [adjective]
lichamlyc888
fleshlyc1175
outward?c1225
bodilyc1380
corporalc1400
personal?a1439
carnal1488
earthya1533
carrionc1540
corporatec1580
nervous1616
fleshy1630
somandric1716
physical1737
somatic1775
corporeal1795
psychosomatica1834
physico-mental1844
somal1900
c1400 Rom. Rose 6759 Swynke he with his hondis corporelle.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) i. iii. 16 The corporall or bodyly sight.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxix. 113 Fayre yeftes of nature, as is beaulte corporelle.
?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Eiiiv His membres corporall.
1547 Act 1 Edw. VI c. 3 If they should be punished by death..and with other corporall paine.
1641 in Die Mercurii 8 Sept. (single sheet) It is this day Ordered by the Commons..that all corporall Bowing at the Name..be henceforth forborn.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 296 In corporal pleasure he, and careless ease. View more context for this quotation
1762 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) IV. 131 A favourite topic of ancient raillery was corporal defects.
1869 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi v. 118 The achievements of Heracles are personal, indeed corporal.
b. Personal.
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the world > people > person > [adjective] > affecting
personala1626
corporal1651
person-centred1934
person-oriented1950
the mind > possession > possessions > [adjective] > personal or movable
movablea1382
moblec1390
personal1528
corporal1767
mobiliary1855
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xx. 104 When the Victor hath trusted him with his corporall liberty.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxvi. 189 He hoped he should not be denied taking his corporal leave of her.
1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 173 Since by a devise a freehold may pass without corporal tradition or livery of seisin.
1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. i. i. 22 The chancellor has given [to Master John Homyll in 1418] corporal and real possession of the foresaid benefice.
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the world > life > the body > [adjective] > having
incarnate1395
corporal1471
corporatea1500
incarned1563
mud-walled1607
embodied1652
flesh and blood1824
1471 G. Ripley Compound of Alchymy viii, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 172 The Spryt may Corporall be, And become fyx wyth hyt and substancyall.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 142 There they suppose Enoch and Elias are corporall to this day.
a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iv. iii. 257 There are corporall Angels on earth.
a. Of the nature of body or matter; corporeal, material, physical. Obsolete.
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the world > life > the body > [adjective] > of the nature of
body-likec1480
corporal?1520
clayeya1586
corporeal1610
corporeousa1834
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [adjective]
bodyc1175
materialc1390
corporal?1520
physical1547
substantialc1550
materiate1588
elementated1605
corporeala1620
corpulenta1620
crass1649
materiable1652
corporeous1669
bodysome1674
hylical1708
hylic1853
?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Avv Though the forme and facyon of any thyng That is a corporall body be distroyed.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 115/2 The worshipping of god with golde and siluer, & suche other corporall thinges.
1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. §50 D Corporal things are such as of their own nature may be felt or seen.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iii. 79 What seem'd corporall, Melted, as breath into the Winde. View more context for this quotation
a1687 H. More Antidote against Atheism i. viii. 23 in Coll. Philos. Writings (1712) Either God, or this corporal and sensible World must of itself necessarily exist.
1702 L. Echard Gen. Eccl. Hist. iii. vi. 437 Two Principles; the one of Good..the other Evil, from whence proceeded the evil Soul of Man; together with the Body, and all Corporal Creatures.
1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. iii. §43. 475 The two Planets observed in Corporal Conjunction (that is, where the one seems to touch or cover the other).
ΚΠ
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Zech. Contents ch. x Thorow corporal promises, the prophet ledeth men vnto the promises that are fulfilled in Christ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily height > tallness > [adjective] > and broad
massya1382
stout1390
burlyc1400
corporalc1475
massive1485
poisy1538
big-made1566
chopping1566
grossa1578
large-bodied1577
weighty1581
burly-boned1590
mastya1593
lumbering1593
giantisha1635
gigantic1651
mastiff1668
large-made1725
lusty1777
bowerly1794
squelching1854
beef to the heel(s)1867
hefty1867
c1475 Partenay 4456 Sin þat gret thikke is, wonder corporall.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 202 As for flesh-meat, I thinke that a Hawke in England eats more in a moneth, than..a sufficient corporall Burger does in six weekes.
a. In early Chemistry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical properties > [adjective]
Adamic1657
corporal1667
1667 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities (ed. 2) 249 One little Masse or Bead of corporal or yellow (though perhaps somewhat palish) Gold.
1667 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities (ed. 2) 131 In some grosse, or, as they speak, corporal Salts, such as Sea-salt, Salt-petre.
b. corporal number n. a number pertaining to cubic or solid measure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > produced in a certain way > figurate or polygonal
corporal number1594
figurate numbers1666
polygonal1717
figurate1796
polygon1842
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises i. xxvi. f. 27 A Cubique or Corporall number hauing both length breadth, and depth.
5. Phrases.
a. corporal oath [Medieval Latin corporale juramentum; compare corporaliter jurare , also bodily adj. oath] : an oath ratified by corporally touching a sacred object, esp. the gospels, but sometimes the consecrated host, or relics of saints, and in heathen times the altar, etc., of an idol, as distinguished from a merely verbal oath, to which the body was, as it were, not a party. archaic.As the consecrated host or corpus Dei was sometimes the thing corporaliter tactum, the attributive ‘corporal’ has been held by some to refer to the host; but this is not historically tenable. See the treatment of the subject by Maskell, Monum. Rit. (1882) II. pp. li–liii; also the medieval examples in Du Cange, at Jurare, the Italian quots. in the Vocab. Della Crusca (1878) s.vv. Corporale, Corporalmente, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [noun] > solemn > ratified by touching a sacred object
bodily oath1488
corporal oath1534
personal oath1587
c1300 Thorn Chron. in Decem Script. II. 1966 Forma fidelitatis faciendæ. Ego N. de C. juro ad hæc sancta Dei evangelia, præstito corporaliter sacramento, quod, etc.
c1300 Robert, Bp. of Glasgow in Rymer II. 867 (Du Cange) Et cest serment avons nous fet sur le cors notre Seigneur.]
1534 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 128 By vertue of corporall othe gyven to the Universitie.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxixv Eche of theim takyng a corporall othe vpon the holy Evangelistes.
1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xvi. 287 The eldest..seruaunt of his house,..(for he had rule ouer al which Abraham did possesse) was not permitted to deale in this matter without taking a corporal oath before hand [cf. Gen. xxiv. 3].
1606 True Relation Proc. at Arraignm. Late Traitors 6 Should receive several corporall othes upon the holy Evangelists.
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. iii. 137 Sir George..never left urging him to performe the service untill he had taken his corporall oath (upon a booke) that he would.
1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli Marriage Belphegor in Wks. 525 He would..take his corporal Oath his..life was tedious.
1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 269 He..confirmed the Truth of the..written Deposition with his Corporal Oath, before us.
b. corporal punishment n. punishment inflicted on the body; originally including death, mutilation, branding, bodily confinement, irons, the pillory, etc. (as opposed to a fine or punishment in estate or rank). In 19th cent. usually confined to flogging or similar infliction of bodily pain.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun]
corporal punishment1581
toco1823
cuts1915
1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xii. 68 Corporal punishment, is eyther Capitall, or not Capitall.
1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 431 Imprisonment is a corporall punishment.
1714 Act 1 Geo. I St. 2. c. 18 §14 To be kept to hard Labour, and suffer such corporal Punishment as the said Justice or Justices..shall think fit.
1724 Act 11 Geo. I c. 26 §10 Any Crime, importing a Capital or any other Corporal Punishment.
1827 Parl. Deb. 2nd Ser. 16 679 Mr. Hume proposed..that it should be unlawful to inflict corporal punishment, by stripes or lashes, upon any soldier.
1836 O'Connell Speech Ho. Comm. 14 Apr. They talked of ‘corporal punishment’; they did not choose to use its right name—‘flogging’.
1838 Act 1 & 2 Victoria c. 17 §7 (Mutiny Act) That a General Court-martial.. may sentence any Soldier to Corporal Punishment, not extending to Life or Limb, for Immorality, etc.
1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 26 The last reform..is the abolition, a few weeks ago, of corporal punishment in the army.
c. corporal works of mercy: works of mercy to the bodies of men, of which seven are reckoned.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > good works > [noun] > works of mercy
corporal works of mercy15..
15.. Manuall of Prayers The Workes of mercy Corporall. To feed the hungry. To giue drinke to the thirsty. To cloathe the naked. To visitt and ransome the Captiues. To harbour the harbourlesse. To visitt the sicke. To burie the dead.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xxi. 711 He was ready to do the last corporal work of mercy to his departed sovereign.
Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [noun] > thing or material object > collectively
material1587
corporeals1647
corporal1659
matter1690
materiality1811
tangibility1849
1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence iii. 66 Naturalls..Corporalls..Morals..Civills..Intellectualls.
1678 R. Cudworth tr. St. Augustine in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 821 When the Soul goes out of this Body, whether it be carried into any Corporal Places, or to Incorporals like to Corporals.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.1a1000
n.21579adj.n.3c1400- to come through the heckle pins
- to come through with flying colours
- to come till a person's ear
- to come till a person's ears
- to come to
- to come to a bearing
- to come to a grabble
- to come to a head
- to come to a juddering halt
- to come to a killick
- to come to a person's bow
- to come to a person's ear
- to come to a person's ears
- to come to a person's hands
- to come to a person's mercy
- to come to a person's rescue
- to come to a pinch
- to come to a point
- to come to a pretty pass
- to come to a reckoning
- to come to a screeching halt
- to come to a screeching stop
- to come to a stand
- to come to a standstill
- to come to a sticky end