aidn.

Brit.

/eɪd/, U.S.

/eɪd/

Forms: Middle English eide, Middle English–1500s eyde, Middle English–1600s ayde, Middle English–1700s aide, Middle English– aid, 1500s aydde, 1500s ayede, 1500s eade, 1500s–1600s ayd, 1600s aaid, 1700s ade; also Scottish pre-1700 ayid, pre-1700 ead.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French aid.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman aid, eid, eide, eyde, Anglo-Norman and Middle French aide, ayde (French aide ) help, assistance, support (9th cent. in Old French as aiudha ), person who provides assistance or support (first half of the 12th cent. as aie ; 1139 in specific sense ‘military aid, soldiers collectively’), levy or subsidy paid to the Crown (1155 as aie ; 1355 with specific reference to such a subsidy used to defray extraordinary expenses), (frequently in plural) auxiliary soldier (second half of the 12th cent., subsequently from 1538), monetary contribution paid to a lord by a feudal vassal (1215 in an Anglo-Norman text of Magna Carta, or earlier), means of support or assistance (1268 or earlier), customs dues (1355), in Anglo-Norman and Law French also help in defending an action, legally claimed from someone who has a joint interest in the defence (1293 or earlier in prier aide : see aid prayer n. at Compounds 2) < aider , aidier , etc. aid v. Compare Old Occitan ajudha , ajuda (end of the 12th cent.), Catalan ajuda (13th cent.), Spanish ayuda (a1207), Portuguese ajuda (13th cent.), all < the respective verbs cited at aid v. Compare also Italian aiuto (second half of the 12th cent. as †atiutu ; < post-classical Latin adiutus (5th cent.), use as noun of past participle of classical Latin adiuvāre to help, assist: see adjuvant adj.).In Court of Aids n. at sense 1c after Middle French, French (now hist.) cour des aides (1553 or earlier). With sense 3 compare later aide n. With sense 3b compare also classical Latin auxilium (see auxiliary adj.) and help n. 3, all applied to persons. In sense 6 after French aide (1625 in this sense).

a. A levy or subsidy paid to the Crown to defray military or other extraordinary expenses. Now chiefly historical.In quot. 1702: †a sum of money deposited with the government as a loan to the exchequer (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun]

witereden688

commorth1402

aid1419

subsidy1422

subside?a1425

prest?c1430

loan1439

subventiona1475

benevolence1483

loan-money1523

gratitude1535

press money1561

subsidy money1577

malevolence1592

succour1605

oblation1613

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > grant in support

aid1419

subvention1570

succour1605

family allowance1861

1419 Guildhall Let.-bk. in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 82 (MED) Þe said ayde, þe which ye haue concluded to do vnto vs now.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 126 Ffor þe expenses wheroff he shall not so sadanly haue any eyde off his peple.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxxvii. 663 The kyng and his counsayle wolde generally reyse vp throughe all Fraunce ayedes, fowages, tayles and subsydes.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 114 He was compelled to demaund an ayde and taske of all England for the quieting of Irelande.

1669 A. Marvell Let. 27 Nov. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 93 The House..did..vote an Aid to his M^ty not exceeding the summe of 4000000^li.

1689 Act 1 Will. & Mary c. 20 An Act for a grant to Their Majesties of an aid of twelve pence in the pound for one year, for the necessary defence of their realms.

1702 London Gaz. No. 3809/8 Dropt..a Talley on the Fourth 4s. Aid of 1000l. No. 2058.

1775 London Mag. Feb. 61/2 The Americans best knew what method was most agreeable to raise money by; and they as yet never refused to raise an aid when it was required.

1828 Slave Law Jamaica 241 For all extraordinary aids, either of a military or civil nature, there was a necessity for resorting to assemblies.

1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 3) xii. 166 For the granting of an aid or supply to the crown.

1913 O. Browning Gen. Hist. World ii. x. 431 Edward, ostensibly reconciled to the clergy, exacted an aid, and went to Flanders to gain assistance against the French.

1992 G. Elton English iii. 81 Direct taxation in aids and tallages continued to be asked for and granted.

2007 Compan. Standing Orders & Guide Proc. House of Lords (ed. 27) vii. 135 Bills of aids and supplies, such as Consolidated Fund Bills and Finance Bills, may be passed or rejected by the Lords but..the Lords are debarred from offering any amendment.

b. A monetary contribution paid to a lord by a feudal vassal. Now historical.Magna Carta (1215) limits the levying of aids to three occasions: the knighting of the lord's eldest son; the marriage of his eldest daughter; and the ransom of the lord from captivity. These aids were abolished by the Tenures Abolition Act of 1660.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > other customary or feudal dues

land-cheapc848

manredlOE

horngeldc1170

tithing penny1192

averpenny1253

wattle-silver1263

faldfee?a1300

filstinga1300

horn-pennyc1320

common finea1325

wrongeld1340

yule-waitingc1380

lark silver1382

carriagec1400

week-silver1430

aida1475

average1489

castle-boon15..

winage1523

casualty?1529

fry money1530

casualityc1568

white hart silver1594

hornage1611

issues of homage1646

lef-silver1660

frith-silver1669

cert-money1670

aver-silver1847

socage1859

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 615 (MED) All seruices & sutes of his court, quarell, customs, aidis, wardis, eschetes.

c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A6/2 The lord shall haue ayde of hys tenaunt in socage for to mary hys doughter when the doughter of the lorde is of ye age of vii. yerys. & also ayde for to make hys son and heyr knyght when he is of ye age of vii. yeris.

1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iii. f. 72 The lordes lost their..aids, ‘Pur faire fitz chiualer & pur file marier.’

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. lxii. 201 The ayds were of three kinds: one to make the Lords eldest sonne Knight, the other to marry his eldest daughter; the third to helpe him to pay a reliefe to his Lord Paramont.

1694 N. H. Ladies Dict. 442 Reasonable aid, was a duty claimed by the Lord to marry his Daughter, or Knight his eldest Son.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The bishops also received aids, auxilia episcopi.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 63 Aids were originally mere benevolences granted by the tenant to his lord, in times of difficulty and distress.

1836 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 233 This [sc. redemption from captivity] was one of the cases in which the feudal tenant was bound to pay an aid to his lord.

1868 Chambers's Encycl. I. 92 These Aids were abolished by 12 Car. II. c. 24.

1949 Econ. Hist. Rev. 2 120 A serf of the Prior of Kenilworth at Baginton..paid an ‘aid’ of 5s. 4d. a year.

1995 J. Ward Women Eng. Nobility & Gentry i. 19 The bride's father, if a feudal lord, was entitled to levy an aid for the first marriage of his eldest daughter.

c. In plural. In France: customs dues. Now historical. Court of Aids n. the court supervising customs dues.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts in France

Court of Aids1523

parliament1560

presidial1576

presidial court1576

presidial seat1611

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on imported goods

custom1389

prise1455

aids1523

tariff1592

cocket1612

custom duty1677

indulto1691

ingate1701

parisis1714

inwards1761

customs duty1800

imposition1863

indult1900

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxix. f. ccxlv All maner of imposycions, aydes, gabelles: fowages, subsydies, and other thynges yuell taken, wherby the realme was hurt & enpouerisshed, were vtterly layd downe and sette a part.

1568 tr. Edict French King conteining Prohibition sig. Eiij Our beloued and trusty of our Courts of Parlements, of our Exchekers, of the Court of aydes.

1615 E. Grimeston tr. P. d'Avity Estates 95 Besides the Court of Parliament at Roüen, there is that of the Aydes, which comprehends the iurisdiction of the Esleus, or Seassers for subsidies.

1695 tr. G. de Courtilz de Sandras Life John Baptist Colbert 14 Lease of the Aids was adjudg'd to Girardin for five hundred thousand Livres less than Fouquet and his Associates had paid for it.

1714 tr. French Bk. of Rates 29 Mr. John Rouvelin, Farmer-General of our Aids.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Aids, in French laws, denote a duty paid on all goods sold and transported either out of, or into the kingdom.

1787 A. Young Jrnl. 12 June in Trav. France (1792) i. 20 The house of the first president of the court of aids.

1825 London Lit. Gaz. 1 Jan. 292/2 The Court of Aids, at Paris, ordered him to be personally summoned.

1947 Econ. Hist. Rev. 17 143 The old taxes of transit..imposed in the fourteenth century did not lead to..a control by the Court of Aids.

2008 Z. A. Schneider King's Bench vii. 128 The Chamber of Accounts and Court of Aids of Normandy were united into a single office after 1707.

a. Help, assistance, support, esp. of a practical nature; succour, relief from difficulty or distress.first, legal aid: see first element.

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the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun]

fultumeOE

help971

succour?c1225

abetc1330

succouringc1330

speedc1340

subsidya1387

rescousc1390

chevisancea1400

juvamentc1400

supply1420

aid1430

favour1434

supplying1436

suffrage1445

availa1450

boteningc1450

succurrancec1450

adjuvancea1460

assistance1495

meeda1500

subventiona1500

suppliancea1500

adjutory?a1513

sistancea1513

adminiculation1531

abetment1533

assisting1553

adjument1576

society1586

aidance1593

opitulation1598

secourse1598

second1605

suppeditation1605

assistency1642

auxiliation1657

adjutancy1665

adjuvancy1677

abettal1834

sustenance1839

constructiveness1882

1430 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1939) 54 422 (MED) Comyng out of France fro the service and aide of the kinges adverse partie.

c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 4 Be the eide of tho thre noble prynces.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 24 If the goddes be in myn ayde.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. cxxx. 158 He is hardely matched, wherfore he hathe nede of your ayde.

1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Richard II. vi. 1 Neyther lakt I ayde in any wicked dede.

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin xiii. 736 The Pope passed a seuerall promisse to the king vnder his signature, neuer to demaunde of him any ayde or succours against the Duke of Ferrara.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. viii. 3 If I do send, dispatch Those Centuries to our ayd .

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 119 His puissance, trusting in th' Almightie's aide, I mean to try.

1700 J. Dryden tr. Homer 1st Bk. Ilias in Fables 208 The good old Man, forlorn, of human Aid, For Vengeance..pray'd.

1736 S. Wesley Poems 368 Chance, the Atheist and the Fool Call absurdly to their Aid.

1771 E. Burke Let. Oct. in Corr. (1844) I. 262 You have not called in the aid of fancy.

1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. ii, in Poems 79 Friend of Distress! the Mourner feels thy Aid.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 44 She had never dressed herself without aid.

1877 Life-boat 1 May 56/1 That vessel was dragging her anchors in Swanage Bay, when the Life-boat went to her aid through a heavy sea.

1921 Times 17 Aug. 8/5 The passengers returning from the dining car came to M. Mollard's aid and the alarm cord was pulled.

1950 Rotarian Aug. 12 With your aid and Helen's, Bill can do better.

2010 D. Allen Theol. for Troubled Believer iv. 40 It is true that we can only reach God with God's aid.

b. Material help given to a country or region by another country or an international agency; esp. economic assistance to a poor or underdeveloped country, or supplies of food and medicine given to alleviate the effects of a natural disaster, war, etc.food, foreign, Marshall aid: see first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > aid in want, pain, sickness, etc. > material aid > given by one country to another

development aid1939

aid1940

foreign aid1946

1940 Economist 5 Oct. 421/1 The United States' aid to Britain would be rendered ineffective.

1968 M. Pyke Food & Society xi. 165 Considerable thought has been given to the effectiveness of aid as a means of achieving the economic development..of poor countries.

1984 New Scientist 15 Nov. 6/1 The Overseas Development Administration has committed £6.5 million in aid to Ethiopia since 1 October.

2000 D. E. Alexander Confronting Catastrophe viii. 207 Bangladesh is a perpetual recipient of international aid, on which it remains chronically dependent.

2011 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 1 Mar. 9 France sent two planes with humanitarian aid to opposition stronghold Benghazi with doctors, nurses, medicines and medical equipment.

c. As the second element in the names of events, charities, etc., organized or set up to raise money for particular causes.Many later examples are formed after Band Aid, the name of the rock music group formed by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure in October 1984 to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia (with punning reference to Band-Aid n.). This was followed in 1985 by concerts in London and Philadelphia under the banner Live Aid, and other later events.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > aid in want, pain, sickness, etc. > event raising money for

aid1984

1984 Times 12 Dec. 3/2 Do They Know It's Christmas, [a record] on which Boy George, Sting, George Michael, members of Duran Duran, Status Quo, and U2 appear under the joint name of Band Aid.

1985 Times 11 July 32/1 The failure of Live Aid to penetrate the poorer countries is unlikely to affect adversely the amount of money it makes.

1985 Times 5 Nov. 13/1 The fashion world is smouldering with gossip about Fashion Aid, which takes off like a rocket at the Albert Hall tonight.

1985 Sunday Tel. 29 Dec. (Colour Suppl.) 5/2 Other events such as Visual Aid, the sale of limited edition prints at auction, and School Aid, in which..school-children are to be asked to contribute pocket money for famine relief.

1986 Daily Tel. 24 Sept. 5/2 Top performers due to appear in ‘Classic Aid’ to raise money for refugee relief will include Vladimir Ashkenazy, [etc.].

1995 Spin May 59/2 He used the fame to fight the death penalty, support Farm Aid, and champion Native American rights.

2010 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 21 June 24 Paddy was asked to take part in the Soccer Aid match at Old Trafford..for the charity Unicef.

†a. An auxiliary soldier; a mercenary. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary branch > auxiliaries

aida1460

aidanta1460

aid band1598

aid soldier1598

auxiliary1601

provincial1617

recruit1626

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 1048 (MED) What is an ayde? It is stipendiaryis Or souldiours conduct of straunge londe.

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 66 The noble Claudius..transportinge his legions and aides.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 53/2 in Chron. I He hadde no legionarie Souldiers, but certayne bandes of aydes.

1627 A. Cooke Prospective Glasse Warre sig. A5 (caption) A Battell both with Seconds, and Ayds for all attempts; containing 12000. Foote, and 4000. Horse.

1685 A. Tyler Mem. Life & Actions Jhon the Great v. 94 The Czar His Aids may fail us from his Muscovie: Whom tho he send at greatest needs they'l flie.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. xi. 835 No sooner Hector saw the King retir'd, But thus his Trojans and his Aids he fir'd.

1787 H. J. Pye Poems Var. Subj. I. 105 Auxiliar armies bend their way..These foreign aids, in four divisions drawn, With steady footsteps march across the lawn.

1838 T. Arnold Hist. Rome I. 397 He was at the head of a mighty army; for the Latins and the Hernicans had brought their aids.

1853 A. Strickland Lives Queens Eng. (new ed.) XII. 136 The following curious epistle from the queen of Great Britain to her nephew of Denmark, proves that mercenary aids, subjects to that king fought in her armies in Germany.

b. gen. A person who provides assistance or support, esp. to a person in authority; a helper, an assistant. Cf. aide n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help > a helper

helpend971

recurera1382

undertaker1382

bootc1420

profitera1425

suffrage1445

supplier1456

aidant1477

aider1483

adjutor1531

benefactor1532

assistant?1541

servant1562

aid1569

adjument1576

adjuvant1583

familiar1583

adjoint1603

opitulator1624

adjutator1832

1569 Epit. on Bonner in Harl. Misc. I. 615 His ayds took always pain To keep their god, their hope, their trust.

1611 Bible (King James) Tobit viii. 6 It is not good that man should bee alone, let vs make vnto him an aide like to himselfe [cf. Wyclif Gen. ii. 18 An help lijk to him self] .

1664 A. Harris Testimony in Coll. Rhode Island Hist. Soc. (1902) 10 69 They..saide to the Constable & his ayde stand off at yo^r perell.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxi. 1 The Lord that built the Earth and Skies Is my perpetual Aid.

1786 P. M. Freneau Poems 244 Then turning about, to the printer he said, ‘Who late was my servant shall now be my Aid.’

1808 Eye 18 Feb. 77 By this time Miss Clementina and her aids had unrolled every piece upon the counter.

1883 Wheelman Feb. 397/2 The ‘American boss’ is described with effective touches, and his aids and henchmen figure no less actively in the story.

1928 Times 19 June 18/2 While in her senior year at a woman's college in Philadelphia she joined the Canadian Red Cross, and served as a nurse's aid in 1917–18.

1999 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 4 Nov. (headline) 22 Teacher's aid bedded teen: cops.

2009 R. A. Belliotti Rom. Philos. & Good Life iv. 152 Brutus's political career gained momentum when he served as an aid to Cato, during the Stoic's administration of Cyprus.

c. Chiefly U.S. Military = aide n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > aide-de-camp or adjutant

corporal of the field1591

general-adjutant1632

adjutant1641

adjutant general1644

agitant1644

aide-de-camp1670

aid-major1670

Adj.1708

aid1761

Adjt.1763

aide1776

D.A.A.G.1899

AG1913

D.A.G.-

1761 Ess. Art War 572 The Adjutant-General, with his Aids.

1780 S. Holten in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1920) LVI. 94 One of General Lincoln's aids is arrived with the accounts of the surrender of Charlestown.

1832 J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn I. xix. 190 Ned and myself formed part of his retinue, like a pair of aids somewhat behind the commander-in-chief.

1842 Programme of Arrangem. in C. King Mem. Constr. Croton Aqueduct (1843) 269 The Aids to the Grand Marshal will assemble at the Mayor's Office, this day, at 4 o'clock, P.M., when they will receive their badges.

1860 New Eng. Hist. & Geneal. Reg. 14 162 He had been met by Jonathan Jackson, the marshall of the district, Joseph Hall, aid to General Brooks, and others.

1907 Chicago Tribune 8 May 2 Gen. A. W. Greely..arrived with his..aids.

1944 Boys' Life Jan. 18 Next time you read about Maj. Gen. Jimmy Doolittle you can know that, wherever he is, Lieut. Clint Frank is with him, for Clint is the General's aid.

2010 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 19 Dec. (Obit.) 5 b Lucas joined the United States Army and served as a general's aid during World War II.

a. A means or source of help or assistance; anything used to assist in performing a task, esp. (in later use) a tool, device, or other object used in this way.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help

redeeOE

helpc893

bootOE

friendOE

lithc1275

helpera1300

a helping handa1300

helpingc1330

bieldc1352

succour?a1366

supplementc1384

easementa1398

succourer1442

aid?1473

assister1535

assistant?1541

adminicle1551

mystery1581

second1590

auxiliatory1599

subsidium1640

suffragan1644

facilitation1648

adminiculary1652

auxiliary1656

auxiliar1670

ally1794

Boy Scout1918

assist1954

facilitator1987

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 284 They ben pourueyed of grete aydes and alle her cyte strongly fortefyed and renforced of wallys and bulwerkis.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xxix. f. xviii Yf they might gette the flymmynges to take their part..truely it shulde be one of the grettest aydes that they coude haue.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxv. 253 Arte is an ayde and coadiutor to nature..by renforcing the causes wherein shee is impotent and defectiue.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 24 Surmise Of Aydes incertaine, should not be admitted.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 136 Whom, scarce my Sheep, and scarce my painful Plough, The needful Aids of Human Life allow.

1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 67 Exercise may deserve to be taken as a common Aid to Physick.

1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting v. 92 You have satisfied me, how far colouring is an aid to beauty, and necessary to truth.

1824 S. T. Coleridge (title) Aids to reflection.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 23 He has furnished us with some aids towards the consideration of this question.

1910 F. Durell Plane Trigonom. xi. 163 He created trigonometry as a tool or aid in his astronomical work.

1972 Pop. Mech. Feb. 113/1 Other aids you can buy include test tapes for checking on various performance characteristics and head-cleaning tapes.

2000 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 24 Jan. (The Guide) 19 The sound in a lot of American films is so dreadful..that subtitles should be provided as an aid to understanding the dialogue.

b. With modifying word indicating the purpose for which the aid is used. rare before late 19th cent.deaf, hearing, marital, visual aid, etc.: see first element.

ΚΠ

1668 J. Beale Let. 12 Oct. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1968) V. 82 Sr, I have made a hard shift to shuffle up for ye Carrier ye Patterns of our Opticall Aydes.

1896 Engin. Mag. Nov. 334/2 The introduction of electrical aids to the working of ships.

1924 Lancet 31 May 1140/2 A new acoustic aid for the deaf.

1958 Times 18 Aug. 8/3 The Nantucket field had no instrument landing system, no high intensity approach lights, and only a minimum of radio navigational aids.

1971 New Scientist 7 Jan. 25/2 We are working on..stair aids and walking aids for arthritics.

2000 Billboard 24 June 30 'Add Some Music' is a solid study aid and a useful addition to the tsunami of Beach Boys scholarship.

5. Law. Help in defending an action, legally claimed from someone who has a joint interest in the defence. Frequently to have aid of. Cf. to pray (also call, crave) in aid at Phrases 1. Now rare (historical in later use).

ΚΠ

c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A7^v/2 Ayd is whan tenaunt for terme of lyfe tenaunt in dower tenaunt by the curtesy or tenaunt in the tayle, after possibylite of issue extinct is impletyd, than for that, y^f they haue no estate but for terme of lyfe they shall pray in ayd of hym in the reuercion.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. C3^v/1 This word (ayde) is also particularly vsed in matter of pleading, for a petition made in court for the calling in of helpe from another, that hath an interest in the cause in question.

1696 S. Carter Lex Custumaria ii. 20 Where he hath Ayd of a Bishop, and after the King hath the Temporalties, he shall not have Ayd of the King, for so the Plaintiff may be perpetually delay'd.

1733 J. Shaw Parish Law 11 If the Vicar himself was impleaded for any thing concerning it, he was to have Aid of the Rector.

1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. (at cited word) There is a prayer in aid of patrons, by parsons, vicars, etc... And also servants having done anything lawfully in right of their masters, shall have aid of them.

1825 H. Roscoe Treat. Law of Actions I. 277 A bishop, though he may maintain a writ of right, may, it seems, have aid of the dean and chapter.

1863 A. J. Horwood tr. Year Bks. Edward I 482 Where a writ was brought against five parceners by several præcipes, two of the five being issue of her who was parcener with the three in the same degree, and who was dead, each of the three in the higher degree had aid of the other two.

1900 Law Q. Rev. 16 347 He now sues by Scire facias, and the defendant prays aid of the patron.

6. A touch or action by which a rider communicates with or exerts control over a horse. Chiefly in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > art of horse-riding > use of hands and legs

aid1686

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. i. 6 If he would make his Horse go sideways upon a right line, he must first put his Shoulders in motion, and then give the same Aids with his Legs as before.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Aids, in the Manage, are Helps or Assistances, which the Horseman contributes towards the Motion or Action requir'd of the Horse; by a discrete use of the Bridle, Caveson, Spur, Poinson, Rod, Calf of the Leg, and Voice... Such a Horse knows his Aids, answers his Aids, takes his Aids with Vigour, &c.

1805 J. Adams Anal. Horsemanship (new ed.) I. 40 The Hand possesses a considerable power, independant of other aids or assistances, more than sufficient to controul or direct a horse that is termed broke or obedient.

1888 tr. E. M. Cesaresco Functions of Hands in Riding 60 Yielding to the aids of the hands is taught in going at a short walk and a short trot, and not accompanied by aids for going at the beginning.

1953 G. Brooke Introd. Riding i. 16 During the period that the novice is riding his first mount, he should learn the aids (correct and combined applications of his hands and legs).

1999 Horse & Rider Sept. 36/2 Always carry a whip to reinforce the leg aids, as it is very easy to fall into the trap of nagging incessantly with the legs.

Phrases

P1. to pray (also call, crave) in aid [compare Anglo-Norman aide prier, prier aide (1293 or earlier).]

a. To call on the assistance of (also †for), to make use of, esp. in proving an argument. Now rare.In recent use, when an of-phrase follows, the latter usually denotes the thing which it is desired to assist or defend; cf. quot. 1975 at Phrases 1b.

ΚΠ

1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student vii. f. xx In lyke wyse he maye nat pray in ayde for hym oneles he knowe the praye [1554 prayee] haue good cause of voucher and lyon.

1594 H. Plat Jewell House 40 To drawe..by hand onely, without praying in aide of the same [sc. perspective glass].

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 156 Yet, without praying in Aid of Alchymists, there is a manifest Image of this, in the ordinarie course of Nature.

1641 W. Prynne Antipathie 316 The Bishop was forced to crave in aid of the King to make good the Title.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A City or Corporation, holding a Fee-farm of the King, may Pray in Aid of him; if any thing be demanded of them relating thereto.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xx. 300 In real actions also the tenant may pray in aid, or call for assistance of another, to help him to plead.

1885 18th Ann. Rep. State Board Agric. Missouri 29 Moved by Mr. Eshbaugh that the President and Secretary be made the Legislative Committee, with authority to call in aid of others at the expense of the Board.

1945 Mod. Law Rev. 8 217 The question for determination is not whether a prisoner can pray in aid of the provisoes.

b. Esp. Law: to ask for the assistance of (a person or thing) in pleading a case; to use (a fact, law, etc.) in one's defence (cf. 5).

ΚΠ

?1539 King Henry VIII Let. in Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation (1679) 366 My simple judgment alone, which indeed doth not much use (tho not the wisest) to call in aid, the judgments of other learned Men.

1592 Acts Privy Council (1901) XXII. 288 In case of need to crave in aid the Justices of Peace and other publique officers neer adjoyning.

1609 T. Heywood tr. Sallust Hist. Warre of Iugurth xi. 39 in tr. Sallust Two Worthy & Notable Hist. Not foreslowing to leuy new supplies, and to pray in ayd the Italians and their associates.

1696 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. I. p. xcix When he writes next upon this Subject, he will please to crave in Aid some Gentlemen of the Long Robe of his Opinion, to help him to answer this Argument of Mr. Lambard.

1724 Hist. Reg. No. 36. 333 These Post-Office Clerks are forc'd to call in Aid, a Messenger and a Servant, to fix the Hand-writing of the Letters they produce.

1790 C. Durnford & E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench 3 596 The relator cannot call in aid the affidavit in answer to this rule.

1810 G. Crabbe Borough x. 136 Then may you call in aid the moderate Glass, But let it slowly and unprompted pass.

1891 Times 10 Feb. 14/2 Perhaps I am indulging too largely in mere personal assertions. Let me therefore pray in aid an independent authority.

1927 Observer 8 May 16/2 Imagination craves the wireless in aid.

1975 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 69 1428/2 His attempt to pray in aid of it the moral philosophical cleavage between is and ought.

1995 Jrnl. Afr. Law 39 137 A court would have to call in aid the traditional tools of assessing credibility such as the demeanour of the witness when confronted with his inconsistent statement.

P2. with the aid of: by means of, with the help of, using (the thing specified). Also in negative construction without the aid of: without the use or help of.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iii. 145 New Honors come vpon him Like our strange Garments, cleaue not to their mould, But with the aid of vse.

1677 T. D'Urfey Madam Fickle iv. i. 44 Like a Diamond in his Native Rock, you shine without the aid of Art or Flattery.

1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick p. iv The seeds of..Sickness and Death, are now lodged in our inmost substance: Whence a thousand Disorders continually spring, even without the aid of External Violence.

1816 Times 21 Nov. 2 The Shropshire Whistler, who performs with the mouth, without the aid of any machinery or trickery, the most favourite airs, after the manner of the voice flute.

1906 Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. (rev. ed.) 899 There are two ways of making a flan without the aid of a ring.

1992 Playboy July 10/3 Through the technology of cyberspace, man will..have the ability to manipulate..his environment with the aid of the computer.

2009 I. Thomson Dead Yard xiii. 162 They reach Haiti by dead reckoning—without the aid of stars or navigational instruments.

P3. in aid of.

a. In support of (a cause or charity); esp. with reference to the raising of funds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > in support of [phrase]

in aid of1728

1728 Hist. Reg. No. 51. 178 That..his Majesty be impower'd to issue and apply any Sum not exceeding Ten thousand Pounds.., in Aid of the Fund appointed for the Support of the Royal Hospital of Greenwich.

1756 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 658/2 The trustees of the Foundling Hospital were ordered to lay before the house an account how the money granted last sessions in aid of that charity, had been expended.

1777 C. Caraccioli Life Ld. Clive III. 164 A considerable sum..contributed privately by gentlemen in the civil service, in aid of the military cause.

1837 Playbill in M. Morley Old Marylebone Theatre (1960) 20 A Benefit will take place in Aid of the Funds of the New Alms Houses.

1860 S. S. Hennell (title) Thoughts in aid of faith.

1881 W. S. Gilbert Patience i. 19 In aid—in aid of a deserving charity, I've put myself up to be raffled for!

1915 Times 22 Oct. 11/3 Queen Alexandra..was present at the Empire Theatre matinée in Aid of the British Red Cross Society.

1950 S. Ertz Prodigal Heart xii. 210 A recent ‘Bring and Buy’ bazaar in aid of the Crippled Boys' Home.

2004 Jewish Chron. 26 Mar. 34/1 Jewish students at Leeds University took to the catwalk in aid of charity last Tuesday.

b. British colloquial. About, concerned with. Frequently in what's this (also that) in aid of?: ‘what is the meaning or purpose of this?’, ‘what is this all about?’

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [adverb] > in relation or with reference to or concerning

forasmuch1297

as to1340

as fora1393

nentesa1400

accordingc1430

as respects1543

in (also with) relation to1551

relatively1609

quoad1622

referently1650

on, upon the score (of)1651

on account of1653

schetically1678

with a view to1692

apropos1749

as regards1797

in the matter of1881

in aid of1918

wise1942

the world > relative properties > relationship > in relation to [phrase] > what does this relate to

what's this (also that) in aid of?1918

1918 Punch 20 Nov. 332 (caption) Oh Mother,..they've given us a whole holiday to-day in aid of the war.

a1935 T. E. Lawrence Mint (1955) ii. xiii. 135 The hut lights were on and he had brought me a tin of tea and a hot sausage roll. ‘Scran up!’ he called... ‘What's all this in aid of?’ I asked, stupidly.

1956 ‘M. Innes’ Old Hall, New Hall viii. 70 He couldn't quite make out what Olivia's questions and speculations were in aid of.

1987 R. Curtis & B. Elton Blackadder the Third in R. Curtis et al. Blackadder: Whole Damn Dynasty (1998) 241/1 So what was the chicken impression in aid of?

2005 C. Cleave Incendiary 165 It was only a small rubber boat with 2 coppers in short-sleeve shirts. I don't know what they were in aid of.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, objective, and instrumental.

†a. In sense 3a, as aid band, aid cohort, aid force, aid soldier, etc. Obsolete. [Chiefly after classical Latin auxilia (plural) auxiliary troops, or collocations with auxiliāris auxiliar adj. or auxiliārius auxiliary adj.]

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary branch > auxiliaries

aida1460

aidanta1460

aid band1598

aid soldier1598

auxiliary1601

provincial1617

recruit1626

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xii. viii. 166 They intercepted two aide-bandes [L. auxiliaris cohortis].

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iii. iv. 70 Apronius Cesianus being sent thither by his fathers appointment, with a troupe of horsmen and aid cohorts [L. cum equite et cohortibus auxiliariis].

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxx. xxxiii. 763 c Then he embattailed the aid souldiers [L. auxilia] of the Ligurians.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 65 A small powre of Aid-forces [L. modicis auxiliis].

b. In sense 2b, as aid convoy, aid-giving, aid programme, etc.

ΚΠ

1941 Greeley (Colorado) Daily Tribune 18 Mar. 10/2 (headline) Senator Adams sole objector to FDR's proposed 7-billion aid budget.

1951 Ann. Reg. 1950 337 The U.S. aid conventions with the Associated States [of Indo-China].

1964 Listener 16 Apr. 614/1 Since the Soviet Union and..China have joined in the game of competitive aid-giving the Western Powers, it is argued, cannot afford to drop out.

1974 M. B. Brown Econ. of Imperialism iv. 95 The underdeveloped countries complain also of the overpricing of goods and shipping in their manufactured imports from developed lands, particularly in the case of aid-supported supplies.

1987 Chicago Tribune 22 July i. 2/5 The aid donation was based purely on humanitarian grounds and was meant for the people of Central America.

1992 Economist 21 Nov. 17/2 The UN has..blue berets in ex-Yugoslavia, policing the ceasefire in Croatia and protecting aid convoys in Bosnia.

2011 J. Kennair Forgotten Legacy iv. 79 Though aid could have been used as a political tool for Western states to secure acquiescence to political demands in this region,..Canada maintained its aid programmes in an unbiased and humanitarian fashion.

C2.

aid agency n. an agency which provides aid or support to people in need; (in later use) spec. one providing international aid (cf. sense 2b).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > actions or agencies

philanthropy1842

aid agency1856

society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > international aid agency

aid agency1856

aid worker1903

AID1961

1856 Jrnl. Proc. 72th Convent. Protestant Episcopal Church Pennsylvania 85 There is a Relief Agency established which, acting in concert with the Aid Agency, has accomplished much good among the poor.

1958 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 Nov. 12/3 The Export-Import Bank doesn't consider itself an aid agency, but its loans go largely to build up the economies of foreign lands.

2010 F. Pearce in I. Salina Written in Water 72 They proposed sinking millions of simple tube wells with hand pumps into backyards across the country to capture the underground water. Aid agencies like UNICEF began drilling.

aid climbing n. Mountaineering and Rock Climbing the action or practice of climbing using artificial aids, such as pegs or etriers, to provide a handhold or foothold; contrasted with free-climbing n.; cf. artificial climbing n. at artificial adj. and n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1965 O. H. Bonney & L. Bonney Guide to Wyoming Mountains & Wilderness Areas (ed. 2) xiii. 464/1 Harder aid climbing than Rte 8/2 because of traverses from crack to crack & a less shallow angle.

1994 C. Craggs Sel. Rock Climbs in Belgium & Luxembourg 79 The large overhangs are one of the few routes at Freyr where you can indulge in that ancient pastime of aid climbing.

2011 D. Hague & D. Hunter Redpoint Introd. p. xi Clune..considered aid climbing unacceptable in free climbing even if it would eventually lead to a free ascent.

aid-major n. [after French aide-major (1655 in the passage translated in quot. 1670, or earlier)] Military (now historical) = adjutant n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > aide-de-camp or adjutant

corporal of the field1591

general-adjutant1632

adjutant1641

adjutant general1644

agitant1644

aide-de-camp1670

aid-major1670

Adj.1708

aid1761

Adjt.1763

aide1776

D.A.A.G.1899

AG1913

D.A.G.-

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. xii. 632 The Office of Aide Major [Fr. la Charge d'Aide Major] to the Regiment of Guards.

1791 J. B. Warren View of Naval Force Great-Britain ix. 160 The aid-major of the division shall be obliged to establish regularity in the different exercises.

1848 Colburn's United Service Mag. July 364 A body..able to be raised to six hundred and forty by help of the Aid-Majors.

1997 G. K. Watt Burning of Valleys v. 218 General Van Rensselaer and his two aid-majors rode at the head of the centre.

aid man n. U.S. and Canadian Military a person attached to a military unit to provide emergency medical care; a paramedic or first-aider.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > healer > paramedic > [noun]

feldscher1877

aid man1934

paramedical1957

paramedic1966

1934 Med. Service Infantry Div. (U.S. Army Med. Service School) 14 One aid man may be charged with the care of the wounded of each platoon.

1987 Washington Post 15 Oct. dc1/2 A man would get hit. The aid man would tape a bottle of blood plasma to the butt of a rifle and stick the rifle in the ground.

2006 P. Nordyke Four Stars of Valor (2010) iii. 45 We saw that every aid man had thorough training in giving plasma..and could control bleeding of any controllable type.

aid money n. (a) money exacted as an aid by the Crown or a feudal lord (see sense 1) (now rare; historical in later use); (b) money contributed as aid; (in later use) spec. economic assistance given by a government or an international agency to a poor or underdeveloped country, region, etc.

ΚΠ

1500 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough Leicester (1901) II. 360 Giffyn to yem in redy money by W. Wygston off ye saide eyde money and xvth, Sum xxd.

1692 R. Gardiner Compl. Constable viii. 77 (heading) Taxes and Aid-Mony.

a1731 R. Hawes Hist Framlingham (1798) ii. 16 Aid-money also the king had of such grantees, and their heirs, to make his eldest son a knight.

1830 Imperial Mag. Aug. 730/1 On this occasion the ancient custom of giving aid-money to the King was revived after the lapse of a century.

1835 Times 3 Sept. 5/6 The..aid-money was from that time withdrawn, and the establishment left to the chance of its own resources.

1948 Wall St. Jrnl. 1 Oct. 1/4 E.C.A. officials hope that within a month allocation of the entire $70 million in aid money for China replacement and reconstruction can be announced.

2011 R. Grant Crazy River vii. 209 I don't know how much aid money was passing through Kigoma every year, but it was certainly millions of dollars, and there were probably a hundred and fifty foreigners here disbursing it.

aid post n. Military a place at which wounded soldiers receive initial medical attention.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > military or field hospital > first-aid post

aid station1895

aid post1907

1907 Mil. Surgeon Oct. 383 The construction and management of barracks or tents and aid posts.

1961 W. R. Russell & M. L. E. Espir Traumatic Aphasia x. 105 He is incapable of rational action such as walking to the Regimental Aid Post.

2008 Times (Nexis) 15 Mar. 26 When I got to the aid post, I had virtually no blood in my body.

aid prayer n. [after Anglo-Norman and Law French prier aide (1293 or earlier; also aide prier)] Law (now historical) a claim for help in defending an action from someone who has a joint interest in the defence (see sense 5).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > help in defending legal action

aid prayerc1523

c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A7^v/2 It behouyth that they agre in ple for yf they varye the ple of the tenant shalbe takyn & then y^e ayd prayer is voyde.

a1625 H. Finch Law (1627) 367 Ayd Prayer is for Tenant for life, to request him that hath the Inheritance, to helpe him plead..and this Aid Prayer, is for the feeblenesse of his estate.

1753 C. Viner Gen. Abridgm. Law & Equity X. 377 (margin) Aid-Prayer of a Stranger is a Forfeiture, because thereby he acknowledges the Reversion to be in a Stranger.

1824 A. Stearns Summary Law & Pract. Real Actions vii. 370 Aid–prayer..is seldom if ever resorted to in our practice, except in writs of Right.

1914 G. F. Deiser Year Bks. Richard II: 12 Richard II Introd. p. xii Nor are the records mere dry recitals of penalties, aid prayers or collections of five or ten shillings.

2003 P. Brand Kings, Barons & Justices viii. 230 In none of the three cases is any attempt recorded to counterplead the aid-prayer.

aid station n. (a) Military a military medical station; (b) a place where refreshment or medical aid is available in a marathon race.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > military or field hospital > first-aid post

aid station1895

aid post1907

1895 T. Longmore Gunshot Injuries (ed. 2) Contents p. xxxiii/2 Formation of aid-stations.

1910 P. Straub Med. Service in Campaign vi. 102 At the aid station such dressings may be readjusted or replaced if soaked through with blood.

1984 Marathon & Distance Runner Oct. 54/2 Going through an aid station near 2¾ miles, Martyn Brewer broke clear from Dave Long and forged on alone to win comfortably.

1991 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 27 Feb. 946/2 The wounded may then be moved to aid stations close to the front.

2005 Runner's World Oct. 32/1 Don't wait until you feel thirsty to start drinking. The first few aid stations may be busy but don't let this stop you grabbing a drink.

aid worker n. a person engaged in providing aid or support to others; (in later use) spec. one involved in international aid (cf. sense 2b); a person who works for an aid agency.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > international aid agency

aid agency1856

aid worker1903

AID1961

1903 Watchman (Boston) 28 May 31/1 Many Associations in other States, and aid workers in Norway and Finland in desired support.

1974 Los Angeles Times 4 Sept. i. 9/2 In the town of Chetumal, 900 miles southeast of Mexico City, the overnight damage was reported to be severe, and an aid worker described the scene as ‘a disaster’.

2011 A. Perry Lifeblood vii. 110 His target wasn't possible even if Chambers involved every aid worker in Africa. Malaria was literally bigger than aid.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

aidv.

Brit.

/eɪd/, U.S.

/eɪd/

Forms: Middle English eid, Middle English–1600s ayde, Middle English– aid, 1500s ayede, 1500s eyde, 1500s–1600s aide, 1500s–1600s ayd; also Scottish pre-1700 ayed.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French aider.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman eider, eidier, aidir, Anglo-Norman and Middle French aider, ayder, aidier (French aider ) to give help, support, or assistance to (a person) (second half of the 10th cent. in Old French, earliest as aiud , 3rd person singular present indicative), to give help, to be of assistance (13th cent. in aider à ) < classical Latin adiūtāre (see adjutant n.). Compare Old Occitan ajudar (12th cent.), Catalan ajudar (end of the 11th cent.), Spanish ayudar (a1207), Portuguese ajudar (13th cent.; late 11th cent. as †adiudar ), Italian aiutare (last quarter of the 12th cent.). Compare earlier aid n.

a. transitive. To give help, support, or assistance to (a person); to relieve from difficulty or distress, to succour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)]

helpc897

filsteOE

filsenc1175

gengc1175

succourc1250

ease1330

to do succourc1374

favour1393

underset1398

supply1428

aid1450

behelp1481

adminiculate?1532

subleve1542

to help a (lame) dog over a stile1546

adjuvate1553

to stand at ——1563

assista1578

opitulate1582

stead1582

bestead1591

help out (also through)1600

serve1629

facilitate1640

auxiliate1656

juvate1708

gammon1753

lame duck1963

piggyback1968

1450–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1450 §8. m. 2 Every of theym..comforted, eided, assisted and strenghted other, to the seid murdre.

1488 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 655 My lord Woddevyle and other schulde haue gone ouer in-to Breten to haue eyded the Duke of Breten.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxiiii. f. clvi^v He contrary his promesse dyd disapoynte them, and nothynge ayded them.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xvii. 19 b [They] aided and favorised all the enterprises of the Emperour.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. viii. 26 Neither shal they..aide them with victuals, weapons, money, or ships.

a1652 R. Brome New Acad. v. i. 94 in Five New Playes (1659) Mat. You'll aid me, sirs? Har. Yes, with our lives and fortune.

1703 J. Drake Historia Anglo-Scotica 181 That he might cry Quittance with those Scots which had bound themselves by Promise to Aid, and Assist the Confederate Rebels against him.

1795 Sewel's Hist. Quakers (ed. 3) I. iv. 239 I would have aided him out of the country but he would not go.

1814 J. Barnes Let. 28 May in T. Jefferson Papers: Retirement Ser. (2010) VII. 381 If you could but Aid me w^th a Moiety say $1250—I would Attempt to borrow the like sum even for a M^o or two.

1846 Metrop. Mag. May 25 In distress—in poverty! and I cannot be near her, cannot console, cannot aid her.

1915 Med. Critic & Guide Oct. 375 She would not aid her because of fear of the law.

1961 Billboard Music Week 31 July 10/4 Their personal managers..recognized their talent and potential and aided them in their recording career.

2009 J. Killinger If Christians were really Christian vii. 65 Think of Mother Teresa and her tireless efforts to aid the poor and diseased people of Calcutta.

b. transitive. To be or constitute an aid to (a person or thing); to promote or encourage; to facilitate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > promotion or help forward > promote or help forward (a person, plan, etc.) [verb (transitive)]

furtherc888

fremeOE

filsenc1175

fosterc1175

speeda1240

theec1250

advancec1300

upraisea1340

increasec1380

forthbearc1400

exploit?a1439

aid1502

to set forward(s)1530

farther1570

facilite1585

to set forthward1588

forward1598

facilitate1599

accommodate1611

succeed1613

bespeed1615

to set (a person) on (also upon) his (also her, etc.) legs1632

subserve1645

push1758

support1779

leg up1817

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. ix. sig. hij Lyke wyse as y^e membres of y^e body natural do ayde & serue y^t one vnto y^t other euery of them in his offyce, in lyke wyse y^e membres of y^e body mystycall of holy chirche do seruyce y^t one vnto y^t other.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits vi. 73 This humour aideth the vnderstanding with two qualities, and gainsetteth it selfe only with one.

1634 J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art 131 It [sc. a varnish] maketh bright, preserveth and aideth the colour, and dryeth incontinent without taking dust.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 335 Chance aids their daring with unhop'd Success.

1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1220 The Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm are of great service to aid and facilitate this Contraction, by opening a Passage for the Blood thro the Lungs.

1778 Trip to Melasge II. ix. 16 Puddled water aids the digestive faculties of cattle.

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 29 Had British industry not been aided by Watt's invention, it must have gone on with a retarding pace.

1878 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. xxviii. 478 Every appliance that could alleviate suffering or aid recovery.

1909 Post-graduate 62 260 The motion of the eye inward towards the nose..is aided by the action of the inferior and superior recti.

1979 Daily Tel. 3 July 6/7 Iran's religion preached a freedom which aided man's development.

2003 Backpacker Feb. 84/2 Ginger fights nausea and aids digestion.

2. intransitive. To give help, support, or assistance; to help to do something; to assist in (also with) an undertaking; to be of assistance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)] > to do something

aid1522

assist1649

1522 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough of Leicester (1905) III. 22 We woll and commaunde all and euery our Maiours, Shiriffes..officers and feithfull subgiettes whatsoeuer they be that in your exectyng thies promisses they be ayding, helping, and assisting.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 74 As touchyng the death of the aforesaid Becket, to the which he sware that he was neither ayding nor comfortyng.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) v. ii. 71 All the Instruments which ayded to expose the Child.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 559 Others aid To ram the Stones, or raise the Palisade.

1716 W. Tunstall tr. St Cyprian's Disc. to Donatus 24 Amidst these Terrours, what Relief is seen? What Friend to aid, what Patron to subvene?

1790 W. Short Let. 29 Jan. in T. Jefferson Papers (2000) XVIII. 253 An inquiry into what they have done..would form a rapprochement that would aid in the history of the progress of the human heart.

1816 S. T. Coleridge Christabel i. Concl. 23 But this she knows..That saints will aid if men will call.

1861 Amer. Jrnl. Educ. 10 71 This will aid in thorough comprehension of the case, and is to be recommended.

1924 Times 5 July 9/6 He thought that electricity not only brought the separated parts of the world together..but that in the future it would aid in curing the political ills of the world.

1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1971 9/1 Operations research is also a valuable tool to aid with such other decisions as when and how an industry should self-insure.

2003 Advocate 25 Nov. 18/1 While the study has not identified a ‘gay gene’..it may aid in determining sexual identity's genetic origins.

Phrases

to aid and abet Law: (a) transitive to help (a person) commit a crime, and thereby become accessory to it; (also) to act as accessory to (a crime); (b) intransitive to participate or assist in, and thereby become accessory to, a crime. Also in extended use, in non-legal contexts. Cf. aiding and abetting at aiding n. Phrases.

ΚΠ

1636 J. Trussell Contin. Coll. Hist. Eng. 200 The French King had..given an affront to the King of England, in ayding and abetting Queene Margaret, and her trayterous complices against him.

1675 J. Brydall Jus Imaginis apud Anglos 50 The Murther of one Stone, whom one Nightingale feloniously murthered, and..the said Sir Henry was present, aiding and abetting.

1750 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 595 Aiding and abetting the five appealed and attainted persons, in their accroaching to them the royal power.

1840 New Monthly Mag. Sept. 69 His wife..aided and abetted him in his task by presiding over the waistcoating department herself.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 286 The invasion was aided and abetted by Richard's subjects.

1991 Daily Express 1 June 8/1 The pindown regime was the creation of one social worker, aided and abetted by department colleagues and superiors.

2005 M. Atwood Penelopiad xvi. 122 I reproached them all for not having told me of my son's departure,..until..Eurycleia confessed that she alone had aided and abetted him.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aid
释义	aidn. Brit. /eɪd/, U.S. /eɪd/ Forms: Middle English eide, Middle English–1500s eyde, Middle English–1600s ayde, Middle English–1700s aide, Middle English– aid, 1500s aydde, 1500s ayede, 1500s eade, 1500s–1600s ayd, 1600s aaid, 1700s ade; also Scottish pre-1700 ayid, pre-1700 ead. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French aid. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman aid, eid, eide, eyde, Anglo-Norman and Middle French aide, ayde (French aide ) help, assistance, support (9th cent. in Old French as aiudha ), person who provides assistance or support (first half of the 12th cent. as aie ; 1139 in specific sense ‘military aid, soldiers collectively’), levy or subsidy paid to the Crown (1155 as aie ; 1355 with specific reference to such a subsidy used to defray extraordinary expenses), (frequently in plural) auxiliary soldier (second half of the 12th cent., subsequently from 1538), monetary contribution paid to a lord by a feudal vassal (1215 in an Anglo-Norman text of Magna Carta, or earlier), means of support or assistance (1268 or earlier), customs dues (1355), in Anglo-Norman and Law French also help in defending an action, legally claimed from someone who has a joint interest in the defence (1293 or earlier in prier aide : see aid prayer n. at Compounds 2) < aider , aidier , etc. aid v. Compare Old Occitan ajudha , ajuda (end of the 12th cent.), Catalan ajuda (13th cent.), Spanish ayuda (a1207), Portuguese ajuda (13th cent.), all < the respective verbs cited at aid v. Compare also Italian aiuto (second half of the 12th cent. as †atiutu ; < post-classical Latin adiutus (5th cent.), use as noun of past participle of classical Latin adiuvāre to help, assist: see adjuvant adj.).In Court of Aids n. at sense 1c after Middle French, French (now hist.) cour des aides (1553 or earlier). With sense 3 compare later aide n. With sense 3b compare also classical Latin auxilium (see auxiliary adj.) and help n. 3, all applied to persons. In sense 6 after French aide (1625 in this sense). 1. a. A levy or subsidy paid to the Crown to defray military or other extraordinary expenses. Now chiefly historical.In quot. 1702: †a sum of money deposited with the government as a loan to the exchequer (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] witereden688 commorth1402 aid1419 subsidy1422 subside?a1425 prest?c1430 loan1439 subventiona1475 benevolence1483 loan-money1523 gratitude1535 press money1561 subsidy money1577 malevolence1592 succour1605 oblation1613 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > grant in support aid1419 subvention1570 succour1605 family allowance1861 1419 Guildhall Let.-bk. in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 82 (MED) Þe said ayde, þe which ye haue concluded to do vnto vs now. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 126 Ffor þe expenses wheroff he shall not so sadanly haue any eyde off his peple. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxxvii. 663 The kyng and his counsayle wolde generally reyse vp throughe all Fraunce ayedes, fowages, tayles and subsydes. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 114 He was compelled to demaund an ayde and taske of all England for the quieting of Irelande. 1669 A. Marvell Let. 27 Nov. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 93 The House..did..vote an Aid to his M^ty not exceeding the summe of 4000000^li. 1689 Act 1 Will. & Mary c. 20 An Act for a grant to Their Majesties of an aid of twelve pence in the pound for one year, for the necessary defence of their realms. 1702 London Gaz. No. 3809/8 Dropt..a Talley on the Fourth 4s. Aid of 1000l. No. 2058. 1775 London Mag. Feb. 61/2 The Americans best knew what method was most agreeable to raise money by; and they as yet never refused to raise an aid when it was required. 1828 Slave Law Jamaica 241 For all extraordinary aids, either of a military or civil nature, there was a necessity for resorting to assemblies. 1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 3) xii. 166 For the granting of an aid or supply to the crown. 1913 O. Browning Gen. Hist. World ii. x. 431 Edward, ostensibly reconciled to the clergy, exacted an aid, and went to Flanders to gain assistance against the French. 1992 G. Elton English iii. 81 Direct taxation in aids and tallages continued to be asked for and granted. 2007 Compan. Standing Orders & Guide Proc. House of Lords (ed. 27) vii. 135 Bills of aids and supplies, such as Consolidated Fund Bills and Finance Bills, may be passed or rejected by the Lords but..the Lords are debarred from offering any amendment. b. A monetary contribution paid to a lord by a feudal vassal. Now historical.Magna Carta (1215) limits the levying of aids to three occasions: the knighting of the lord's eldest son; the marriage of his eldest daughter; and the ransom of the lord from captivity. These aids were abolished by the Tenures Abolition Act of 1660. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > other customary or feudal dues land-cheapc848 manredlOE horngeldc1170 tithing penny1192 averpenny1253 wattle-silver1263 faldfee?a1300 filstinga1300 horn-pennyc1320 common finea1325 wrongeld1340 yule-waitingc1380 lark silver1382 carriagec1400 week-silver1430 aida1475 average1489 castle-boon15.. winage1523 casualty?1529 fry money1530 casualityc1568 white hart silver1594 hornage1611 issues of homage1646 lef-silver1660 frith-silver1669 cert-money1670 aver-silver1847 socage1859 a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 615 (MED) All seruices & sutes of his court, quarell, customs, aidis, wardis, eschetes. c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A6/2 The lord shall haue ayde of hys tenaunt in socage for to mary hys doughter when the doughter of the lorde is of ye age of vii. yerys. & also ayde for to make hys son and heyr knyght when he is of ye age of vii. yeris. 1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iii. f. 72 The lordes lost their..aids, ‘Pur faire fitz chiualer & pur file marier.’ 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. lxii. 201 The ayds were of three kinds: one to make the Lords eldest sonne Knight, the other to marry his eldest daughter; the third to helpe him to pay a reliefe to his Lord Paramont. 1694 N. H. Ladies Dict. 442 Reasonable aid, was a duty claimed by the Lord to marry his Daughter, or Knight his eldest Son. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The bishops also received aids, auxilia episcopi. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 63 Aids were originally mere benevolences granted by the tenant to his lord, in times of difficulty and distress. 1836 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 233 This [sc. redemption from captivity] was one of the cases in which the feudal tenant was bound to pay an aid to his lord. 1868 Chambers's Encycl. I. 92 These Aids were abolished by 12 Car. II. c. 24. 1949 Econ. Hist. Rev. 2 120 A serf of the Prior of Kenilworth at Baginton..paid an ‘aid’ of 5s. 4d. a year. 1995 J. Ward Women Eng. Nobility & Gentry i. 19 The bride's father, if a feudal lord, was entitled to levy an aid for the first marriage of his eldest daughter. c. In plural. In France: customs dues. Now historical. Court of Aids n. the court supervising customs dues. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts in France Court of Aids1523 parliament1560 presidial1576 presidial court1576 presidial seat1611 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on imported goods custom1389 prise1455 aids1523 tariff1592 cocket1612 custom duty1677 indulto1691 ingate1701 parisis1714 inwards1761 customs duty1800 imposition1863 indult1900 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxix. f. ccxlv All maner of imposycions, aydes, gabelles: fowages, subsydies, and other thynges yuell taken, wherby the realme was hurt & enpouerisshed, were vtterly layd downe and sette a part. 1568 tr. Edict French King conteining Prohibition sig. Eiij Our beloued and trusty of our Courts of Parlements, of our Exchekers, of the Court of aydes. 1615 E. Grimeston tr. P. d'Avity Estates 95 Besides the Court of Parliament at Roüen, there is that of the Aydes, which comprehends the iurisdiction of the Esleus, or Seassers for subsidies. 1695 tr. G. de Courtilz de Sandras Life John Baptist Colbert 14 Lease of the Aids was adjudg'd to Girardin for five hundred thousand Livres less than Fouquet and his Associates had paid for it. 1714 tr. French Bk. of Rates 29 Mr. John Rouvelin, Farmer-General of our Aids. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Aids, in French laws, denote a duty paid on all goods sold and transported either out of, or into the kingdom. 1787 A. Young Jrnl. 12 June in Trav. France (1792) i. 20 The house of the first president of the court of aids. 1825 London Lit. Gaz. 1 Jan. 292/2 The Court of Aids, at Paris, ordered him to be personally summoned. 1947 Econ. Hist. Rev. 17 143 The old taxes of transit..imposed in the fourteenth century did not lead to..a control by the Court of Aids. 2008 Z. A. Schneider King's Bench vii. 128 The Chamber of Accounts and Court of Aids of Normandy were united into a single office after 1707. 2. a. Help, assistance, support, esp. of a practical nature; succour, relief from difficulty or distress.first, legal aid: see first element. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] fultumeOE help971 succour?c1225 abetc1330 succouringc1330 speedc1340 subsidya1387 rescousc1390 chevisancea1400 juvamentc1400 supply1420 aid1430 favour1434 supplying1436 suffrage1445 availa1450 boteningc1450 succurrancec1450 adjuvancea1460 assistance1495 meeda1500 subventiona1500 suppliancea1500 adjutory?a1513 sistancea1513 adminiculation1531 abetment1533 assisting1553 adjument1576 society1586 aidance1593 opitulation1598 secourse1598 second1605 suppeditation1605 assistency1642 auxiliation1657 adjutancy1665 adjuvancy1677 abettal1834 sustenance1839 constructiveness1882 1430 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1939) 54 422 (MED) Comyng out of France fro the service and aide of the kinges adverse partie. c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 4 Be the eide of tho thre noble prynces. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 24 If the goddes be in myn ayde. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. cxxx. 158 He is hardely matched, wherfore he hathe nede of your ayde. 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Richard II. vi. 1 Neyther lakt I ayde in any wicked dede. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin xiii. 736 The Pope passed a seuerall promisse to the king vnder his signature, neuer to demaunde of him any ayde or succours against the Duke of Ferrara. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. viii. 3 If I do send, dispatch Those Centuries to our ayd . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 119 His puissance, trusting in th' Almightie's aide, I mean to try. View more context for this quotation 1700 J. Dryden tr. Homer 1st Bk. Ilias in Fables 208 The good old Man, forlorn, of human Aid, For Vengeance..pray'd. 1736 S. Wesley Poems 368 Chance, the Atheist and the Fool Call absurdly to their Aid. 1771 E. Burke Let. Oct. in Corr. (1844) I. 262 You have not called in the aid of fancy. 1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. ii, in Poems 79 Friend of Distress! the Mourner feels thy Aid. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 44 She had never dressed herself without aid. 1877 Life-boat 1 May 56/1 That vessel was dragging her anchors in Swanage Bay, when the Life-boat went to her aid through a heavy sea. 1921 Times 17 Aug. 8/5 The passengers returning from the dining car came to M. Mollard's aid and the alarm cord was pulled. 1950 Rotarian Aug. 12 With your aid and Helen's, Bill can do better. 2010 D. Allen Theol. for Troubled Believer iv. 40 It is true that we can only reach God with God's aid. b. Material help given to a country or region by another country or an international agency; esp. economic assistance to a poor or underdeveloped country, or supplies of food and medicine given to alleviate the effects of a natural disaster, war, etc.food, foreign, Marshall aid: see first element. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > aid in want, pain, sickness, etc. > material aid > given by one country to another development aid1939 aid1940 foreign aid1946 1940 Economist 5 Oct. 421/1 The United States' aid to Britain would be rendered ineffective. 1968 M. Pyke Food & Society xi. 165 Considerable thought has been given to the effectiveness of aid as a means of achieving the economic development..of poor countries. 1984 New Scientist 15 Nov. 6/1 The Overseas Development Administration has committed £6.5 million in aid to Ethiopia since 1 October. 2000 D. E. Alexander Confronting Catastrophe viii. 207 Bangladesh is a perpetual recipient of international aid, on which it remains chronically dependent. 2011 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 1 Mar. 9 France sent two planes with humanitarian aid to opposition stronghold Benghazi with doctors, nurses, medicines and medical equipment. c. As the second element in the names of events, charities, etc., organized or set up to raise money for particular causes.Many later examples are formed after Band Aid, the name of the rock music group formed by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure in October 1984 to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia (with punning reference to Band-Aid n.). This was followed in 1985 by concerts in London and Philadelphia under the banner Live Aid, and other later events. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > aid in want, pain, sickness, etc. > event raising money for aid1984 1984 Times 12 Dec. 3/2 Do They Know It's Christmas, [a record] on which Boy George, Sting, George Michael, members of Duran Duran, Status Quo, and U2 appear under the joint name of Band Aid. 1985 Times 11 July 32/1 The failure of Live Aid to penetrate the poorer countries is unlikely to affect adversely the amount of money it makes. 1985 Times 5 Nov. 13/1 The fashion world is smouldering with gossip about Fashion Aid, which takes off like a rocket at the Albert Hall tonight. 1985 Sunday Tel. 29 Dec. (Colour Suppl.) 5/2 Other events such as Visual Aid, the sale of limited edition prints at auction, and School Aid, in which..school-children are to be asked to contribute pocket money for famine relief. 1986 Daily Tel. 24 Sept. 5/2 Top performers due to appear in ‘Classic Aid’ to raise money for refugee relief will include Vladimir Ashkenazy, [etc.]. 1995 Spin May 59/2 He used the fame to fight the death penalty, support Farm Aid, and champion Native American rights. 2010 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 21 June 24 Paddy was asked to take part in the Soccer Aid match at Old Trafford..for the charity Unicef. 3. †a. An auxiliary soldier; a mercenary. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary branch > auxiliaries aida1460 aidanta1460 aid band1598 aid soldier1598 auxiliary1601 provincial1617 recruit1626 a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 1048 (MED) What is an ayde? It is stipendiaryis Or souldiours conduct of straunge londe. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 66 The noble Claudius..transportinge his legions and aides. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 53/2 in Chron. I He hadde no legionarie Souldiers, but certayne bandes of aydes. 1627 A. Cooke Prospective Glasse Warre sig. A5 (caption) A Battell both with Seconds, and Ayds for all attempts; containing 12000. Foote, and 4000. Horse. 1685 A. Tyler Mem. Life & Actions Jhon the Great v. 94 The Czar His Aids may fail us from his Muscovie: Whom tho he send at greatest needs they'l flie. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. xi. 835 No sooner Hector saw the King retir'd, But thus his Trojans and his Aids he fir'd. 1787 H. J. Pye Poems Var. Subj. I. 105 Auxiliar armies bend their way..These foreign aids, in four divisions drawn, With steady footsteps march across the lawn. 1838 T. Arnold Hist. Rome I. 397 He was at the head of a mighty army; for the Latins and the Hernicans had brought their aids. 1853 A. Strickland Lives Queens Eng. (new ed.) XII. 136 The following curious epistle from the queen of Great Britain to her nephew of Denmark, proves that mercenary aids, subjects to that king fought in her armies in Germany. b. gen. A person who provides assistance or support, esp. to a person in authority; a helper, an assistant. Cf. aide n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help > a helper helpend971 recurera1382 undertaker1382 bootc1420 profitera1425 suffrage1445 supplier1456 aidant1477 aider1483 adjutor1531 benefactor1532 assistant?1541 servant1562 aid1569 adjument1576 adjuvant1583 familiar1583 adjoint1603 opitulator1624 adjutator1832 1569 Epit. on Bonner in Harl. Misc. I. 615 His ayds took always pain To keep their god, their hope, their trust. 1611 Bible (King James) Tobit viii. 6 It is not good that man should bee alone, let vs make vnto him an aide like to himselfe [cf. Wyclif Gen. ii. 18 An help lijk to him self] . View more context for this quotation 1664 A. Harris Testimony in Coll. Rhode Island Hist. Soc. (1902) 10 69 They..saide to the Constable & his ayde stand off at yo^r perell. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxi. 1 The Lord that built the Earth and Skies Is my perpetual Aid. 1786 P. M. Freneau Poems 244 Then turning about, to the printer he said, ‘Who late was my servant shall now be my Aid.’ 1808 Eye 18 Feb. 77 By this time Miss Clementina and her aids had unrolled every piece upon the counter. 1883 Wheelman Feb. 397/2 The ‘American boss’ is described with effective touches, and his aids and henchmen figure no less actively in the story. 1928 Times 19 June 18/2 While in her senior year at a woman's college in Philadelphia she joined the Canadian Red Cross, and served as a nurse's aid in 1917–18. 1999 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 4 Nov. (headline) 22 Teacher's aid bedded teen: cops. 2009 R. A. Belliotti Rom. Philos. & Good Life iv. 152 Brutus's political career gained momentum when he served as an aid to Cato, during the Stoic's administration of Cyprus. c. Chiefly U.S. Military = aide n. 2a. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > aide-de-camp or adjutant corporal of the field1591 general-adjutant1632 adjutant1641 adjutant general1644 agitant1644 aide-de-camp1670 aid-major1670 Adj.1708 aid1761 Adjt.1763 aide1776 D.A.A.G.1899 AG1913 D.A.G.- 1761 Ess. Art War 572 The Adjutant-General, with his Aids. 1780 S. Holten in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1920) LVI. 94 One of General Lincoln's aids is arrived with the accounts of the surrender of Charlestown. 1832 J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn I. xix. 190 Ned and myself formed part of his retinue, like a pair of aids somewhat behind the commander-in-chief. 1842 Programme of Arrangem. in C. King Mem. Constr. Croton Aqueduct (1843) 269 The Aids to the Grand Marshal will assemble at the Mayor's Office, this day, at 4 o'clock, P.M., when they will receive their badges. 1860 New Eng. Hist. & Geneal. Reg. 14 162 He had been met by Jonathan Jackson, the marshall of the district, Joseph Hall, aid to General Brooks, and others. 1907 Chicago Tribune 8 May 2 Gen. A. W. Greely..arrived with his..aids. 1944 Boys' Life Jan. 18 Next time you read about Maj. Gen. Jimmy Doolittle you can know that, wherever he is, Lieut. Clint Frank is with him, for Clint is the General's aid. 2010 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 19 Dec. (Obit.) 5 b Lucas joined the United States Army and served as a general's aid during World War II. 4. a. A means or source of help or assistance; anything used to assist in performing a task, esp. (in later use) a tool, device, or other object used in this way. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help redeeOE helpc893 bootOE friendOE lithc1275 helpera1300 a helping handa1300 helpingc1330 bieldc1352 succour?a1366 supplementc1384 easementa1398 succourer1442 aid?1473 assister1535 assistant?1541 adminicle1551 mystery1581 second1590 auxiliatory1599 subsidium1640 suffragan1644 facilitation1648 adminiculary1652 auxiliary1656 auxiliar1670 ally1794 Boy Scout1918 assist1954 facilitator1987 ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 284 They ben pourueyed of grete aydes and alle her cyte strongly fortefyed and renforced of wallys and bulwerkis. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xxix. f. xviii Yf they might gette the flymmynges to take their part..truely it shulde be one of the grettest aydes that they coude haue. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxv. 253 Arte is an ayde and coadiutor to nature..by renforcing the causes wherein shee is impotent and defectiue. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 24 Surmise Of Aydes incertaine, should not be admitted. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 136 Whom, scarce my Sheep, and scarce my painful Plough, The needful Aids of Human Life allow. View more context for this quotation 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 67 Exercise may deserve to be taken as a common Aid to Physick. 1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting v. 92 You have satisfied me, how far colouring is an aid to beauty, and necessary to truth. 1824 S. T. Coleridge (title) Aids to reflection. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 23 He has furnished us with some aids towards the consideration of this question. 1910 F. Durell Plane Trigonom. xi. 163 He created trigonometry as a tool or aid in his astronomical work. 1972 Pop. Mech. Feb. 113/1 Other aids you can buy include test tapes for checking on various performance characteristics and head-cleaning tapes. 2000 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 24 Jan. (The Guide) 19 The sound in a lot of American films is so dreadful..that subtitles should be provided as an aid to understanding the dialogue. b. With modifying word indicating the purpose for which the aid is used. rare before late 19th cent.deaf, hearing, marital, visual aid, etc.: see first element. ΚΠ 1668 J. Beale Let. 12 Oct. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1968) V. 82 Sr, I have made a hard shift to shuffle up for ye Carrier ye Patterns of our Opticall Aydes. 1896 Engin. Mag. Nov. 334/2 The introduction of electrical aids to the working of ships. 1924 Lancet 31 May 1140/2 A new acoustic aid for the deaf. 1958 Times 18 Aug. 8/3 The Nantucket field had no instrument landing system, no high intensity approach lights, and only a minimum of radio navigational aids. 1971 New Scientist 7 Jan. 25/2 We are working on..stair aids and walking aids for arthritics. 2000 Billboard 24 June 30 'Add Some Music' is a solid study aid and a useful addition to the tsunami of Beach Boys scholarship. 5. Law. Help in defending an action, legally claimed from someone who has a joint interest in the defence. Frequently to have aid of. Cf. to pray (also call, crave) in aid at Phrases 1. Now rare (historical in later use). ΚΠ c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A7^v/2 Ayd is whan tenaunt for terme of lyfe tenaunt in dower tenaunt by the curtesy or tenaunt in the tayle, after possibylite of issue extinct is impletyd, than for that, y^f they haue no estate but for terme of lyfe they shall pray in ayd of hym in the reuercion. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. C3^v/1 This word (ayde) is also particularly vsed in matter of pleading, for a petition made in court for the calling in of helpe from another, that hath an interest in the cause in question. 1696 S. Carter Lex Custumaria ii. 20 Where he hath Ayd of a Bishop, and after the King hath the Temporalties, he shall not have Ayd of the King, for so the Plaintiff may be perpetually delay'd. 1733 J. Shaw Parish Law 11 If the Vicar himself was impleaded for any thing concerning it, he was to have Aid of the Rector. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. (at cited word) There is a prayer in aid of patrons, by parsons, vicars, etc... And also servants having done anything lawfully in right of their masters, shall have aid of them. 1825 H. Roscoe Treat. Law of Actions I. 277 A bishop, though he may maintain a writ of right, may, it seems, have aid of the dean and chapter. 1863 A. J. Horwood tr. Year Bks. Edward I 482 Where a writ was brought against five parceners by several præcipes, two of the five being issue of her who was parcener with the three in the same degree, and who was dead, each of the three in the higher degree had aid of the other two. 1900 Law Q. Rev. 16 347 He now sues by Scire facias, and the defendant prays aid of the patron. 6. A touch or action by which a rider communicates with or exerts control over a horse. Chiefly in plural. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > art of horse-riding > use of hands and legs aid1686 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. i. 6 If he would make his Horse go sideways upon a right line, he must first put his Shoulders in motion, and then give the same Aids with his Legs as before. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Aids, in the Manage, are Helps or Assistances, which the Horseman contributes towards the Motion or Action requir'd of the Horse; by a discrete use of the Bridle, Caveson, Spur, Poinson, Rod, Calf of the Leg, and Voice... Such a Horse knows his Aids, answers his Aids, takes his Aids with Vigour, &c. 1805 J. Adams Anal. Horsemanship (new ed.) I. 40 The Hand possesses a considerable power, independant of other aids or assistances, more than sufficient to controul or direct a horse that is termed broke or obedient. 1888 tr. E. M. Cesaresco Functions of Hands in Riding 60 Yielding to the aids of the hands is taught in going at a short walk and a short trot, and not accompanied by aids for going at the beginning. 1953 G. Brooke Introd. Riding i. 16 During the period that the novice is riding his first mount, he should learn the aids (correct and combined applications of his hands and legs). 1999 Horse & Rider Sept. 36/2 Always carry a whip to reinforce the leg aids, as it is very easy to fall into the trap of nagging incessantly with the legs. Phrases P1. to pray (also call, crave) in aid [compare Anglo-Norman aide prier, prier aide (1293 or earlier).] a. To call on the assistance of (also †for), to make use of, esp. in proving an argument. Now rare.In recent use, when an of-phrase follows, the latter usually denotes the thing which it is desired to assist or defend; cf. quot. 1975 at Phrases 1b. ΚΠ 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student vii. f. xx In lyke wyse he maye nat pray in ayde for hym oneles he knowe the praye [1554 prayee] haue good cause of voucher and lyon. 1594 H. Plat Jewell House 40 To drawe..by hand onely, without praying in aide of the same [sc. perspective glass]. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 156 Yet, without praying in Aid of Alchymists, there is a manifest Image of this, in the ordinarie course of Nature. 1641 W. Prynne Antipathie 316 The Bishop was forced to crave in aid of the King to make good the Title. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A City or Corporation, holding a Fee-farm of the King, may Pray in Aid of him; if any thing be demanded of them relating thereto. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xx. 300 In real actions also the tenant may pray in aid, or call for assistance of another, to help him to plead. 1885 18th Ann. Rep. State Board Agric. Missouri 29 Moved by Mr. Eshbaugh that the President and Secretary be made the Legislative Committee, with authority to call in aid of others at the expense of the Board. 1945 Mod. Law Rev. 8 217 The question for determination is not whether a prisoner can pray in aid of the provisoes. b. Esp. Law: to ask for the assistance of (a person or thing) in pleading a case; to use (a fact, law, etc.) in one's defence (cf. 5). ΚΠ ?1539 King Henry VIII Let. in Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation (1679) 366 My simple judgment alone, which indeed doth not much use (tho not the wisest) to call in aid, the judgments of other learned Men. 1592 Acts Privy Council (1901) XXII. 288 In case of need to crave in aid the Justices of Peace and other publique officers neer adjoyning. 1609 T. Heywood tr. Sallust Hist. Warre of Iugurth xi. 39 in tr. Sallust Two Worthy & Notable Hist. Not foreslowing to leuy new supplies, and to pray in ayd the Italians and their associates. 1696 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. I. p. xcix When he writes next upon this Subject, he will please to crave in Aid some Gentlemen of the Long Robe of his Opinion, to help him to answer this Argument of Mr. Lambard. 1724 Hist. Reg. No. 36. 333 These Post-Office Clerks are forc'd to call in Aid, a Messenger and a Servant, to fix the Hand-writing of the Letters they produce. 1790 C. Durnford & E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench 3 596 The relator cannot call in aid the affidavit in answer to this rule. 1810 G. Crabbe Borough x. 136 Then may you call in aid the moderate Glass, But let it slowly and unprompted pass. 1891 Times 10 Feb. 14/2 Perhaps I am indulging too largely in mere personal assertions. Let me therefore pray in aid an independent authority. 1927 Observer 8 May 16/2 Imagination craves the wireless in aid. 1975 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 69 1428/2 His attempt to pray in aid of it the moral philosophical cleavage between is and ought. 1995 Jrnl. Afr. Law 39 137 A court would have to call in aid the traditional tools of assessing credibility such as the demeanour of the witness when confronted with his inconsistent statement. P2. with the aid of: by means of, with the help of, using (the thing specified). Also in negative construction without the aid of: without the use or help of. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iii. 145 New Honors come vpon him Like our strange Garments, cleaue not to their mould, But with the aid of vse. View more context for this quotation 1677 T. D'Urfey Madam Fickle iv. i. 44 Like a Diamond in his Native Rock, you shine without the aid of Art or Flattery. 1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick p. iv The seeds of..Sickness and Death, are now lodged in our inmost substance: Whence a thousand Disorders continually spring, even without the aid of External Violence. 1816 Times 21 Nov. 2 The Shropshire Whistler, who performs with the mouth, without the aid of any machinery or trickery, the most favourite airs, after the manner of the voice flute. 1906 Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. (rev. ed.) 899 There are two ways of making a flan without the aid of a ring. 1992 Playboy July 10/3 Through the technology of cyberspace, man will..have the ability to manipulate..his environment with the aid of the computer. 2009 I. Thomson Dead Yard xiii. 162 They reach Haiti by dead reckoning—without the aid of stars or navigational instruments. P3. in aid of. a. In support of (a cause or charity); esp. with reference to the raising of funds. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > in support of [phrase] in aid of1728 1728 Hist. Reg. No. 51. 178 That..his Majesty be impower'd to issue and apply any Sum not exceeding Ten thousand Pounds.., in Aid of the Fund appointed for the Support of the Royal Hospital of Greenwich. 1756 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 658/2 The trustees of the Foundling Hospital were ordered to lay before the house an account how the money granted last sessions in aid of that charity, had been expended. 1777 C. Caraccioli Life Ld. Clive III. 164 A considerable sum..contributed privately by gentlemen in the civil service, in aid of the military cause. 1837 Playbill in M. Morley Old Marylebone Theatre (1960) 20 A Benefit will take place in Aid of the Funds of the New Alms Houses. 1860 S. S. Hennell (title) Thoughts in aid of faith. 1881 W. S. Gilbert Patience i. 19 In aid—in aid of a deserving charity, I've put myself up to be raffled for! 1915 Times 22 Oct. 11/3 Queen Alexandra..was present at the Empire Theatre matinée in Aid of the British Red Cross Society. 1950 S. Ertz Prodigal Heart xii. 210 A recent ‘Bring and Buy’ bazaar in aid of the Crippled Boys' Home. 2004 Jewish Chron. 26 Mar. 34/1 Jewish students at Leeds University took to the catwalk in aid of charity last Tuesday. b. British colloquial. About, concerned with. Frequently in what's this (also that) in aid of?: ‘what is the meaning or purpose of this?’, ‘what is this all about?’ ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [adverb] > in relation or with reference to or concerning forasmuch1297 as to1340 as fora1393 nentesa1400 accordingc1430 as respects1543 in (also with) relation to1551 relatively1609 quoad1622 referently1650 on, upon the score (of)1651 on account of1653 schetically1678 with a view to1692 apropos1749 as regards1797 in the matter of1881 in aid of1918 wise1942 the world > relative properties > relationship > in relation to [phrase] > what does this relate to what's this (also that) in aid of?1918 1918 Punch 20 Nov. 332 (caption) Oh Mother,..they've given us a whole holiday to-day in aid of the war. a1935 T. E. Lawrence Mint (1955) ii. xiii. 135 The hut lights were on and he had brought me a tin of tea and a hot sausage roll. ‘Scran up!’ he called... ‘What's all this in aid of?’ I asked, stupidly. 1956 ‘M. Innes’ Old Hall, New Hall viii. 70 He couldn't quite make out what Olivia's questions and speculations were in aid of. 1987 R. Curtis & B. Elton Blackadder the Third in R. Curtis et al. Blackadder: Whole Damn Dynasty (1998) 241/1 So what was the chicken impression in aid of? 2005 C. Cleave Incendiary 165 It was only a small rubber boat with 2 coppers in short-sleeve shirts. I don't know what they were in aid of. Compounds C1. General attributive, objective, and instrumental. †a. In sense 3a, as aid band, aid cohort, aid force, aid soldier, etc. Obsolete. [Chiefly after classical Latin auxilia (plural) auxiliary troops, or collocations with auxiliāris auxiliar adj. or auxiliārius auxiliary adj.] ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary branch > auxiliaries aida1460 aidanta1460 aid band1598 aid soldier1598 auxiliary1601 provincial1617 recruit1626 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xii. viii. 166 They intercepted two aide-bandes [L. auxiliaris cohortis]. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iii. iv. 70 Apronius Cesianus being sent thither by his fathers appointment, with a troupe of horsmen and aid cohorts [L. cum equite et cohortibus auxiliariis]. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxx. xxxiii. 763 c Then he embattailed the aid souldiers [L. auxilia] of the Ligurians. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 65 A small powre of Aid-forces [L. modicis auxiliis]. b. In sense 2b, as aid convoy, aid-giving, aid programme, etc. ΚΠ 1941 Greeley (Colorado) Daily Tribune 18 Mar. 10/2 (headline) Senator Adams sole objector to FDR's proposed 7-billion aid budget. 1951 Ann. Reg. 1950 337 The U.S. aid conventions with the Associated States [of Indo-China]. 1964 Listener 16 Apr. 614/1 Since the Soviet Union and..China have joined in the game of competitive aid-giving the Western Powers, it is argued, cannot afford to drop out. 1974 M. B. Brown Econ. of Imperialism iv. 95 The underdeveloped countries complain also of the overpricing of goods and shipping in their manufactured imports from developed lands, particularly in the case of aid-supported supplies. 1987 Chicago Tribune 22 July i. 2/5 The aid donation was based purely on humanitarian grounds and was meant for the people of Central America. 1992 Economist 21 Nov. 17/2 The UN has..blue berets in ex-Yugoslavia, policing the ceasefire in Croatia and protecting aid convoys in Bosnia. 2011 J. Kennair Forgotten Legacy iv. 79 Though aid could have been used as a political tool for Western states to secure acquiescence to political demands in this region,..Canada maintained its aid programmes in an unbiased and humanitarian fashion. C2. aid agency n. an agency which provides aid or support to people in need; (in later use) spec. one providing international aid (cf. sense 2b). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > actions or agencies philanthropy1842 aid agency1856 society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > international aid agency aid agency1856 aid worker1903 AID1961 1856 Jrnl. Proc. 72th Convent. Protestant Episcopal Church Pennsylvania 85 There is a Relief Agency established which, acting in concert with the Aid Agency, has accomplished much good among the poor. 1958 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 Nov. 12/3 The Export-Import Bank doesn't consider itself an aid agency, but its loans go largely to build up the economies of foreign lands. 2010 F. Pearce in I. Salina Written in Water 72 They proposed sinking millions of simple tube wells with hand pumps into backyards across the country to capture the underground water. Aid agencies like UNICEF began drilling. aid climbing n. Mountaineering and Rock Climbing the action or practice of climbing using artificial aids, such as pegs or etriers, to provide a handhold or foothold; contrasted with free-climbing n.; cf. artificial climbing n. at artificial adj. and n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1965 O. H. Bonney & L. Bonney Guide to Wyoming Mountains & Wilderness Areas (ed. 2) xiii. 464/1 Harder aid climbing than Rte 8/2 because of traverses from crack to crack & a less shallow angle. 1994 C. Craggs Sel. Rock Climbs in Belgium & Luxembourg 79 The large overhangs are one of the few routes at Freyr where you can indulge in that ancient pastime of aid climbing. 2011 D. Hague & D. Hunter Redpoint Introd. p. xi Clune..considered aid climbing unacceptable in free climbing even if it would eventually lead to a free ascent. aid-major n. [after French aide-major (1655 in the passage translated in quot. 1670, or earlier)] Military (now historical) = adjutant n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > aide-de-camp or adjutant corporal of the field1591 general-adjutant1632 adjutant1641 adjutant general1644 agitant1644 aide-de-camp1670 aid-major1670 Adj.1708 aid1761 Adjt.1763 aide1776 D.A.A.G.1899 AG1913 D.A.G.- 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. xii. 632 The Office of Aide Major [Fr. la Charge d'Aide Major] to the Regiment of Guards. 1791 J. B. Warren View of Naval Force Great-Britain ix. 160 The aid-major of the division shall be obliged to establish regularity in the different exercises. 1848 Colburn's United Service Mag. July 364 A body..able to be raised to six hundred and forty by help of the Aid-Majors. 1997 G. K. Watt Burning of Valleys v. 218 General Van Rensselaer and his two aid-majors rode at the head of the centre. aid man n. U.S. and Canadian Military a person attached to a military unit to provide emergency medical care; a paramedic or first-aider. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > paramedic > [noun] feldscher1877 aid man1934 paramedical1957 paramedic1966 1934 Med. Service Infantry Div. (U.S. Army Med. Service School) 14 One aid man may be charged with the care of the wounded of each platoon. 1987 Washington Post 15 Oct. dc1/2 A man would get hit. The aid man would tape a bottle of blood plasma to the butt of a rifle and stick the rifle in the ground. 2006 P. Nordyke Four Stars of Valor (2010) iii. 45 We saw that every aid man had thorough training in giving plasma..and could control bleeding of any controllable type. aid money n. (a) money exacted as an aid by the Crown or a feudal lord (see sense 1) (now rare; historical in later use); (b) money contributed as aid; (in later use) spec. economic assistance given by a government or an international agency to a poor or underdeveloped country, region, etc. ΚΠ 1500 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough Leicester (1901) II. 360 Giffyn to yem in redy money by W. Wygston off ye saide eyde money and xvth, Sum xxd. 1692 R. Gardiner Compl. Constable viii. 77 (heading) Taxes and Aid-Mony. a1731 R. Hawes Hist Framlingham (1798) ii. 16 Aid-money also the king had of such grantees, and their heirs, to make his eldest son a knight. 1830 Imperial Mag. Aug. 730/1 On this occasion the ancient custom of giving aid-money to the King was revived after the lapse of a century. 1835 Times 3 Sept. 5/6 The..aid-money was from that time withdrawn, and the establishment left to the chance of its own resources. 1948 Wall St. Jrnl. 1 Oct. 1/4 E.C.A. officials hope that within a month allocation of the entire $70 million in aid money for China replacement and reconstruction can be announced. 2011 R. Grant Crazy River vii. 209 I don't know how much aid money was passing through Kigoma every year, but it was certainly millions of dollars, and there were probably a hundred and fifty foreigners here disbursing it. aid post n. Military a place at which wounded soldiers receive initial medical attention. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > military or field hospital > first-aid post aid station1895 aid post1907 1907 Mil. Surgeon Oct. 383 The construction and management of barracks or tents and aid posts. 1961 W. R. Russell & M. L. E. Espir Traumatic Aphasia x. 105 He is incapable of rational action such as walking to the Regimental Aid Post. 2008 Times (Nexis) 15 Mar. 26 When I got to the aid post, I had virtually no blood in my body. aid prayer n. [after Anglo-Norman and Law French prier aide (1293 or earlier; also aide prier)] Law (now historical) a claim for help in defending an action from someone who has a joint interest in the defence (see sense 5). ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > help in defending legal action aid prayerc1523 c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A7^v/2 It behouyth that they agre in ple for yf they varye the ple of the tenant shalbe takyn & then y^e ayd prayer is voyde. a1625 H. Finch Law (1627) 367 Ayd Prayer is for Tenant for life, to request him that hath the Inheritance, to helpe him plead..and this Aid Prayer, is for the feeblenesse of his estate. 1753 C. Viner Gen. Abridgm. Law & Equity X. 377 (margin) Aid-Prayer of a Stranger is a Forfeiture, because thereby he acknowledges the Reversion to be in a Stranger. 1824 A. Stearns Summary Law & Pract. Real Actions vii. 370 Aid–prayer..is seldom if ever resorted to in our practice, except in writs of Right. 1914 G. F. Deiser Year Bks. Richard II: 12 Richard II Introd. p. xii Nor are the records mere dry recitals of penalties, aid prayers or collections of five or ten shillings. 2003 P. Brand Kings, Barons & Justices viii. 230 In none of the three cases is any attempt recorded to counterplead the aid-prayer. aid station n. (a) Military a military medical station; (b) a place where refreshment or medical aid is available in a marathon race. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > military or field hospital > first-aid post aid station1895 aid post1907 1895 T. Longmore Gunshot Injuries (ed. 2) Contents p. xxxiii/2 Formation of aid-stations. 1910 P. Straub Med. Service in Campaign vi. 102 At the aid station such dressings may be readjusted or replaced if soaked through with blood. 1984 Marathon & Distance Runner Oct. 54/2 Going through an aid station near 2¾ miles, Martyn Brewer broke clear from Dave Long and forged on alone to win comfortably. 1991 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 27 Feb. 946/2 The wounded may then be moved to aid stations close to the front. 2005 Runner's World Oct. 32/1 Don't wait until you feel thirsty to start drinking. The first few aid stations may be busy but don't let this stop you grabbing a drink. aid worker n. a person engaged in providing aid or support to others; (in later use) spec. one involved in international aid (cf. sense 2b); a person who works for an aid agency. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > international aid agency aid agency1856 aid worker1903 AID1961 1903 Watchman (Boston) 28 May 31/1 Many Associations in other States, and aid workers in Norway and Finland in desired support. 1974 Los Angeles Times 4 Sept. i. 9/2 In the town of Chetumal, 900 miles southeast of Mexico City, the overnight damage was reported to be severe, and an aid worker described the scene as ‘a disaster’. 2011 A. Perry Lifeblood vii. 110 His target wasn't possible even if Chambers involved every aid worker in Africa. Malaria was literally bigger than aid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). aidv. Brit. /eɪd/, U.S. /eɪd/ Forms: Middle English eid, Middle English–1600s ayde, Middle English– aid, 1500s ayede, 1500s eyde, 1500s–1600s aide, 1500s–1600s ayd; also Scottish pre-1700 ayed. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French aider. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman eider, eidier, aidir, Anglo-Norman and Middle French aider, ayder, aidier (French aider ) to give help, support, or assistance to (a person) (second half of the 10th cent. in Old French, earliest as aiud , 3rd person singular present indicative), to give help, to be of assistance (13th cent. in aider à ) < classical Latin adiūtāre (see adjutant n.). Compare Old Occitan ajudar (12th cent.), Catalan ajudar (end of the 11th cent.), Spanish ayudar (a1207), Portuguese ajudar (13th cent.; late 11th cent. as †adiudar ), Italian aiutare (last quarter of the 12th cent.). Compare earlier aid n. 1. a. transitive. To give help, support, or assistance to (a person); to relieve from difficulty or distress, to succour. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)] helpc897 filsteOE filsenc1175 gengc1175 succourc1250 ease1330 to do succourc1374 favour1393 underset1398 supply1428 aid1450 behelp1481 adminiculate?1532 subleve1542 to help a (lame) dog over a stile1546 adjuvate1553 to stand at ——1563 assista1578 opitulate1582 stead1582 bestead1591 help out (also through)1600 serve1629 facilitate1640 auxiliate1656 juvate1708 gammon1753 lame duck1963 piggyback1968 1450–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1450 §8. m. 2 Every of theym..comforted, eided, assisted and strenghted other, to the seid murdre. 1488 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 655 My lord Woddevyle and other schulde haue gone ouer in-to Breten to haue eyded the Duke of Breten. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxiiii. f. clvi^v He contrary his promesse dyd disapoynte them, and nothynge ayded them. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xvii. 19 b [They] aided and favorised all the enterprises of the Emperour. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. viii. 26 Neither shal they..aide them with victuals, weapons, money, or ships. View more context for this quotation a1652 R. Brome New Acad. v. i. 94 in Five New Playes (1659) Mat. You'll aid me, sirs? Har. Yes, with our lives and fortune. 1703 J. Drake Historia Anglo-Scotica 181 That he might cry Quittance with those Scots which had bound themselves by Promise to Aid, and Assist the Confederate Rebels against him. 1795 Sewel's Hist. Quakers (ed. 3) I. iv. 239 I would have aided him out of the country but he would not go. 1814 J. Barnes Let. 28 May in T. Jefferson Papers: Retirement Ser. (2010) VII. 381 If you could but Aid me w^th a Moiety say $1250—I would Attempt to borrow the like sum even for a M^o or two. 1846 Metrop. Mag. May 25 In distress—in poverty! and I cannot be near her, cannot console, cannot aid her. 1915 Med. Critic & Guide Oct. 375 She would not aid her because of fear of the law. 1961 Billboard Music Week 31 July 10/4 Their personal managers..recognized their talent and potential and aided them in their recording career. 2009 J. Killinger If Christians were really Christian vii. 65 Think of Mother Teresa and her tireless efforts to aid the poor and diseased people of Calcutta. b. transitive. To be or constitute an aid to (a person or thing); to promote or encourage; to facilitate. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > promotion or help forward > promote or help forward (a person, plan, etc.) [verb (transitive)] furtherc888 fremeOE filsenc1175 fosterc1175 speeda1240 theec1250 advancec1300 upraisea1340 increasec1380 forthbearc1400 exploit?a1439 aid1502 to set forward(s)1530 farther1570 facilite1585 to set forthward1588 forward1598 facilitate1599 accommodate1611 succeed1613 bespeed1615 to set (a person) on (also upon) his (also her, etc.) legs1632 subserve1645 push1758 support1779 leg up1817 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. ix. sig. hij Lyke wyse as y^e membres of y^e body natural do ayde & serue y^t one vnto y^t other euery of them in his offyce, in lyke wyse y^e membres of y^e body mystycall of holy chirche do seruyce y^t one vnto y^t other. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits vi. 73 This humour aideth the vnderstanding with two qualities, and gainsetteth it selfe only with one. 1634 J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art 131 It [sc. a varnish] maketh bright, preserveth and aideth the colour, and dryeth incontinent without taking dust. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 335 Chance aids their daring with unhop'd Success. 1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1220 The Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm are of great service to aid and facilitate this Contraction, by opening a Passage for the Blood thro the Lungs. 1778 Trip to Melasge II. ix. 16 Puddled water aids the digestive faculties of cattle. 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 29 Had British industry not been aided by Watt's invention, it must have gone on with a retarding pace. 1878 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. xxviii. 478 Every appliance that could alleviate suffering or aid recovery. 1909 Post-graduate 62 260 The motion of the eye inward towards the nose..is aided by the action of the inferior and superior recti. 1979 Daily Tel. 3 July 6/7 Iran's religion preached a freedom which aided man's development. 2003 Backpacker Feb. 84/2 Ginger fights nausea and aids digestion. 2. intransitive. To give help, support, or assistance; to help to do something; to assist in (also with) an undertaking; to be of assistance. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)] > to do something aid1522 assist1649 1522 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough of Leicester (1905) III. 22 We woll and commaunde all and euery our Maiours, Shiriffes..officers and feithfull subgiettes whatsoeuer they be that in your exectyng thies promisses they be ayding, helping, and assisting. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 74 As touchyng the death of the aforesaid Becket, to the which he sware that he was neither ayding nor comfortyng. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) v. ii. 71 All the Instruments which ayded to expose the Child. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 559 Others aid To ram the Stones, or raise the Palisade. 1716 W. Tunstall tr. St Cyprian's Disc. to Donatus 24 Amidst these Terrours, what Relief is seen? What Friend to aid, what Patron to subvene? 1790 W. Short Let. 29 Jan. in T. Jefferson Papers (2000) XVIII. 253 An inquiry into what they have done..would form a rapprochement that would aid in the history of the progress of the human heart. 1816 S. T. Coleridge Christabel i. Concl. 23 But this she knows..That saints will aid if men will call. 1861 Amer. Jrnl. Educ. 10 71 This will aid in thorough comprehension of the case, and is to be recommended. 1924 Times 5 July 9/6 He thought that electricity not only brought the separated parts of the world together..but that in the future it would aid in curing the political ills of the world. 1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1971 9/1 Operations research is also a valuable tool to aid with such other decisions as when and how an industry should self-insure. 2003 Advocate 25 Nov. 18/1 While the study has not identified a ‘gay gene’..it may aid in determining sexual identity's genetic origins. Phrases to aid and abet Law: (a) transitive to help (a person) commit a crime, and thereby become accessory to it; (also) to act as accessory to (a crime); (b) intransitive to participate or assist in, and thereby become accessory to, a crime. Also in extended use, in non-legal contexts. Cf. aiding and abetting at aiding n. Phrases. ΚΠ 1636 J. Trussell Contin. Coll. Hist. Eng. 200 The French King had..given an affront to the King of England, in ayding and abetting Queene Margaret, and her trayterous complices against him. 1675 J. Brydall Jus Imaginis apud Anglos 50 The Murther of one Stone, whom one Nightingale feloniously murthered, and..the said Sir Henry was present, aiding and abetting. 1750 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 595 Aiding and abetting the five appealed and attainted persons, in their accroaching to them the royal power. 1840 New Monthly Mag. Sept. 69 His wife..aided and abetted him in his task by presiding over the waistcoating department herself. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 286 The invasion was aided and abetted by Richard's subjects. 1991 Daily Express 1 June 8/1 The pindown regime was the creation of one social worker, aided and abetted by department colleagues and superiors. 2005 M. Atwood Penelopiad xvi. 122 I reproached them all for not having told me of my son's departure,..until..Eurycleia confessed that she alone had aided and abetted him. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > as lemmas AID AID n. now historical Aeronautical Inspection Directorate (also Department). ΚΠ 1916 Times 28 July 5/6 Whatever you find belongs to me. It was given to me by the late Colonel Fulton (chief of the Aeronautical Inspection Department) and Mr. Cockburn, one of the present A.I.D. inspectors, can vouch for it. 1998 P. Summerfield Reconstructing Women's Wartime Lives vi. 210 She moved from riveting in an aircraft factory to training and working as a member of the AID, and had plans to join the ATA. extracted from An. AID AID n. Brit. /eɪd/ , U.S. /eɪd/ U.S. Agency for International Development, established in 1961 to give economic aid to underdeveloped countries. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > international aid agency aid agency1856 aid worker1903 AID1961 1961 J. F. Kennedy in N.Y. Times 27 May 2/5 Responsibility..will be assigned to a single agency—the Agency for International Development... The new agency—A.I.D.—will be headed by an administrator of Under Secretary rank. 2003 N. Rush Mortals xiv. 157 He could imagine the AID people saying that this was not what they needed to have shoved down their throats at a memorial service. extracted from An. AID AID n. artificial insemination by donor (or with donated semen). ΚΠ 1945 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Jan. 40/2 (heading) Male sterility and Other Indications for Artificial Insemination with Donated Semen (A.I.D.). 1979 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 23 Mar. 1219/2 Although these cases would be rare,..AID prevents any real safeguard against inadvertent inbreeding. 2008 Guardian (Nexis) 20 May (G2 section) 8 I went on a waiting list to have AID (artificial insemination by donor). extracted from An. < n.1419v.1450 as lemmas
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aidn.

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> as lemmas