correlationn.
/ˌkɒrᵻˈleɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən/ 1. † b. Relationship (of persons). Obsolete.
a. The condition of being correlated; mutual relation of two or more things (implying intimate or necessary connection).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun]
analogy1533
communiona1538
correlation1561
correspondency1607
connection1613
correlativeness1727
co-relation1836
interrelation1848
interradiation1855
interconnection1856
interrelatedness1865
interrelationship1867
assonance1868
correlativity1877
complementariness1881
interlinkage1904
complementarity1911
interconnectedness1922
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. xvii. §14 If he did set before vs only an empty imaginatiue forme of bred..where were ye correlation or similitude [L. analogia aut similitudo] which should leade vs from the visible thing to the inuisible.
1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 156 How in animall natures, even colours hold correspondencies, and mutuall correlations.
1849 R. I. Murchison Siluria viii. 148 The rocks of Cumberland will be placed in precise correlation with the types of Shropshire and Wales.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iii. 51 The mutual dependence and correlation of these three Axioms.
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the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > between persons, communities, etc.
relationc1485
correspondency1588
intelligence1597
correspondence1599
necessitude1612
correlation1649
connection1768
belongingness1854
association1882
intercommunalism1971
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar 10 ⁋9 Christian charity is a higher thing than to be confined within the terms of dependence and correlation.
1652 E. Sparke Scintillula Altaris (1663) 89 Christ..made choise of brethren, as..Simon..and Andrew..hereby..providing against schisme..both by corporall and spirituall correlation.
c. In Statistics, an interdependence of two or more variable quantities such that a change in the value of one is associated with a change in the value or the expectation of the others; also, the value of this as represented by a correlation coefficient. So correlation coefficient or coefficient of correlation: a number between −1 and 1 calculated so as to represent the linear interdependence of two variables or two sets of data; spec. the product-moment coefficient (see product n.1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > variable > relationship between sets of variables
correlation1888
regression1895
intercorrelation1901
covariation1925
multicollinearity1934
the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > variable > relationship between sets of variables > coefficient of correlation
correlation coefficient or coefficient of correlation1888
product moment1895
Pearson1903
rho1907
Spearman1907
phi coefficient1929
1888 F. Galton in Proc. Royal Soc. 45 143 The statures of kinsmen are co-related variables; thus, the stature of the father is correlated to that of the adult son,..and so on; but the index of co-relation..is different in the different cases.
1896 K. Pearson in Proc. Royal Soc. 59 302 Let r0 be the coefficient of correlation between parent and offspring.
1896 K. Pearson in Proc. Royal Soc. 59 303 We conclude that there is a sensible correlation (circa 0·18) between fertility and height in the mothers of daughters.
1899 R. Mayo-Smith Statistics & Econ. 10 The third step in statistical method is correlation: i.e. to compare different phenomena with each other, in order to establish relations of co-existence or of sequence.
1901 A. L. Bowley Elem. Statistics 316 Correlation is a quantity which can be measured numerically; and its measurement has been the subject of much recent mathematical investigation.
1909 W. Elderton & E. Elderton Primer Statistics 57 In such cases there is no relationship, therefore, between length and breadth, and we say that the ‘coefficient of correlation’ is zero.
1933 Forestry 7 27 It may be stated that a correlation coefficient is a number expressing the degree of correlation between two variates, as, for example, weight and volume, or specific gravity and strength. A correlation coefficient of +1 indicates a direct linear relation, a coefficient of −1 indicates an inverse linear relation, while one of 0·0 indicates absence of relations between the variates.
1943 N. Balchin Small Back Room i. 8 There's a positive correlation between penetration and the height of the man firing.
1960 F. Land Lang. Math. xiv. 247 We need to be able to describe this gradation from perfect correlation to no correlation at all, and for this purpose we can calculate a ‘correlation coefficient’.
1964 R. von Mises Math. Theory Probability & Statistics xi. 572 Out of 239 patients treated with serum, 9 patients died, and out of 244 left without serum, 29 died. Compute the correlation coefficient between treatment and recovery.
1969 Computers & Humanities 3 145 After correlation coefficients are computed for every pair of variables, they are entered in a correlation matrix which summarizes the degree of similarity between pairs of variables.
2. correlation of forces (in Physics): a phrase introduced by Grove to express the mutual relation that exists between the various forms of force or energy, by virtue of which any one form is convertible into an equivalent amount of any other. (Cf. conservation n. 3.)
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > mutual relation of force and energy
correlation of forces1846
1846 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces 44 The sense I have attached to the word correlation..[is] a reciprocal production..in other words, that any force capable of producing..another may, in its turn be produced by it.
1869 M. Somerville Molecular & Microsc. Sci. i. ii. 33 Another proof of the correlation of heat and electricity.
3. Biology. Mutual relation of association between different structures, characteristics, etc. in an animal or plant; ‘the normal coincidence of one phenomenon, character, etc., with another’ (Darwin Origin of Species, Gloss.).
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > processes or types of evolution
transmutation1626
substitution1822
subspeciation1826
metamorphosis1835
phytogenesis1847
phytogeny1850
anamorphosis1852
correlation1859
advergence1861
convergence1861
phylogeny1869
ontogeny1872
recapitulation1874
ontogenesis1875
phylogenesis1875
biogenesis1876
abiogenesis1884
anagenesis1889
tachygenesis1893
orthogenesis1895
adaptive radiation1898
speciation1906
microevolution1911
subspeciation1921
raciation1934
orthogenetics1937
encephalization1938
proterogenesis1938
allomorphosis1941
cladogenesis1953
Wallace effect1966
metachromism1968
punctuation1976
speciational evolution1988
tachygen-
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species Introd. 5 I shall discuss the complex and little known..laws of variation and of correlation of growth.
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 105 The correlation of large size of ova with the completion of development before hatching.
1883 19th Cent. May 763 There is..a mysterious law of correlation of growth between the hair and the teeth.
Categories »
4. Geometry. The reciprocal relation between propositions, figures, etc. derivable from each other by interchanging the words point and plane, or point and line: cf. correlative adj. 6.
5. The action of correlating or bringing into mutual relation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun] > correlating
paralleling1634
correlation1879
1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such xi. 204 It is on such false correlations that men found half their inferences about each other.
1886 A. J. Jukes-Browne Student's Handbk. Hist. Geol. iv. iii. 27 The correlation and classification of rocks on Palæontological principles.
1963 Gloss. Mining Terms (B.S.I.) i. 6 Correlation, the process of orientating underground survey lines or of coordinating underground survey stations to the National Grid.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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