cottiern.

Brit.

/ˈkɒtɪə/, U.S.

/ˈkɑdiər/

Forms: Middle English cotier, cotyer, 1500s cottyer, 1600s– cottier.

Etymology: < Old French cotier, cottier = medieval Latin cotārius , coterius , < cota cot n.¹

1. A peasant who lives in a cot or cottage; a cottager; originally a villein who occupied a cottage; a ‘cotset’, ‘cottar’ or ‘coterell’.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > inhabitants of specific types of house > cottager by service of labour

cottier1386

coterell1393

cottar1552

cotman1559

cottager1760

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > inhabitants of specific types of house

cottager1523

cotquean1547

coter1631

cottier1820

tenement householder1894

homecrofter1897

block dweller1902

soddy1958

1386 in T. Madox Formulare Anglic. 428 (Du Cange) Omnibus tenentibus meis, videlicet Husbandis, Cotiers & Bond.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 97 Almes..to comfortie suche cotyers [i.e. women þat wonyeþ in Cotes] and crokede men and blynde.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 193 These lolleres, lacchedraweres, lewede eremytes, Coueyten þe contrarie as cotiers þei lybben.

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. ii. 13 Himselfe goes patch'd like some bare Cottyer.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 200 [He] asked for bread and water; which the said peasant or cottier gave unto him.

1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xii. 65 I begin with..the Poore Cottier, or day Labourer.

1820 M. Edgeworth Mem. R. L. Edgeworth II. 24 They had cottiers (cottagers), day-laborers established in cottages, on their estate.

1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. 268 The largest class of all was the semi-servile. Of these villeins, borders, or cottiers, make up the mass, about 200,000 in all.

1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral 136 Every one, from the lord to the cottier, had his customary claims.

2. spec. In Ireland, a peasant renting and cultivating a small holding under a system hence called cottier tenure.The main feature of this system was the letting of the land annually in small portions directly to labourers, the rent being fixed not by private agreement but by public competition; recent legal and political changes have rendered this practice obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar > cottar in Ireland

cottar1791

cottier1832

1832 H. Martineau Ireland i. 6 An Irish cottier finds his business finished when he has dug and planted his potato field.

1842 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland II. 120 Some landlords in Munster set their lands to cottiers far above their value.

1868 J. S. Mill Eng. & Ireland 40 He was a cottier, at a nominal rent, puffed up by competition to a height far above what could, even under the most favourable circumstances, be paid.

3. transferred. A small farmer cultivating his parcel of land by his own labour.

ΚΠ

1877 D. M. Wallace Russia xxix. 460 These peasants proper, who may be roughly described as small farmers or cottiers, were distinguished from the free agricultural laborers in two respects: they were possessors of land in property or usufruct, and they were members of a rural Commune.

Compounds

C1. attributive (chiefly in sense 2), as cottier farmer, cottier rent, cottier tenant, cottier tenure, etc.

ΚΠ

1831 R. Jones Ess. Distrib. Wealth The disadvantage of cottier-rents.

1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. ii. ix. §1 By the general appellation of Cottier tenure, I shall designate all cases, without exception, in which the labourer makes his contract for land without the intervention of a capitalist farmer.

1861 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. (1863) II. xiv. 475 In Ireland..the tithes..were levied upon vast numbers of cottier tenants, miserably poor, and generally Catholics.

C2.

cottier tenancy n. the tenancy of the Irish cottier; by an Act of Parliament of 1860 defined as tenancy of a cottage and not more than half an acre of land, at a rent not exceeding £5 a year.

ΚΠ

1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. vii. 236 In the case of a cottier tenancy, it is population, and not capital, which competes for the land.

Derivatives

ˈcottierism n. the system of cottier-tenure (see 2).

ΚΠ

1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. ii. x. §2 The old vicious system of cottierism.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cottier
释义	cottiern. Brit. /ˈkɒtɪə/, U.S. /ˈkɑdiər/ Forms: Middle English cotier, cotyer, 1500s cottyer, 1600s– cottier. Etymology: < Old French cotier, cottier = medieval Latin cotārius , coterius , < cota cot n.¹ 1. A peasant who lives in a cot or cottage; a cottager; originally a villein who occupied a cottage; a ‘cotset’, ‘cottar’ or ‘coterell’. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > inhabitants of specific types of house > cottager by service of labour cottier1386 coterell1393 cottar1552 cotman1559 cottager1760 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > inhabitants of specific types of house cottager1523 cotquean1547 coter1631 cottier1820 tenement householder1894 homecrofter1897 block dweller1902 soddy1958 1386 in T. Madox Formulare Anglic. 428 (Du Cange) Omnibus tenentibus meis, videlicet Husbandis, Cotiers & Bond. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 97 Almes..to comfortie suche cotyers [i.e. women þat wonyeþ in Cotes] and crokede men and blynde. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 193 These lolleres, lacchedraweres, lewede eremytes, Coueyten þe contrarie as cotiers þei lybben. 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. ii. 13 Himselfe goes patch'd like some bare Cottyer. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 200 [He] asked for bread and water; which the said peasant or cottier gave unto him. 1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xii. 65 I begin with..the Poore Cottier, or day Labourer. 1820 M. Edgeworth Mem. R. L. Edgeworth II. 24 They had cottiers (cottagers), day-laborers established in cottages, on their estate. 1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. 268 The largest class of all was the semi-servile. Of these villeins, borders, or cottiers, make up the mass, about 200,000 in all. 1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral 136 Every one, from the lord to the cottier, had his customary claims. 2. spec. In Ireland, a peasant renting and cultivating a small holding under a system hence called cottier tenure.The main feature of this system was the letting of the land annually in small portions directly to labourers, the rent being fixed not by private agreement but by public competition; recent legal and political changes have rendered this practice obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar > cottar in Ireland cottar1791 cottier1832 1832 H. Martineau Ireland i. 6 An Irish cottier finds his business finished when he has dug and planted his potato field. 1842 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland II. 120 Some landlords in Munster set their lands to cottiers far above their value. 1868 J. S. Mill Eng. & Ireland 40 He was a cottier, at a nominal rent, puffed up by competition to a height far above what could, even under the most favourable circumstances, be paid. 3. transferred. A small farmer cultivating his parcel of land by his own labour. ΚΠ 1877 D. M. Wallace Russia xxix. 460 These peasants proper, who may be roughly described as small farmers or cottiers, were distinguished from the free agricultural laborers in two respects: they were possessors of land in property or usufruct, and they were members of a rural Commune. Compounds C1. attributive (chiefly in sense 2), as cottier farmer, cottier rent, cottier tenant, cottier tenure, etc. ΚΠ 1831 R. Jones Ess. Distrib. Wealth The disadvantage of cottier-rents. 1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. ii. ix. §1 By the general appellation of Cottier tenure, I shall designate all cases, without exception, in which the labourer makes his contract for land without the intervention of a capitalist farmer. 1861 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. (1863) II. xiv. 475 In Ireland..the tithes..were levied upon vast numbers of cottier tenants, miserably poor, and generally Catholics. C2. cottier tenancy n. the tenancy of the Irish cottier; by an Act of Parliament of 1860 defined as tenancy of a cottage and not more than half an acre of land, at a rent not exceeding £5 a year. ΚΠ 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. vii. 236 In the case of a cottier tenancy, it is population, and not capital, which competes for the land. Derivatives ˈcottierism n. the system of cottier-tenure (see 2). ΚΠ 1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. ii. x. §2 The old vicious system of cottierism. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1386
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