coren.¹

Brit.

/kɔː/, U.S.

/kɔ(ə)r/

Forms: Middle English– core; also Middle English coore, Middle English–1600s coare, (1600s chore, choare, kore, quore), 1600s–1700s coar.

Etymology: Appears c1400, in senses 1, 2; core has been the prevailing spelling from the first. Etymology uncertain. Minsheu conjectured ‘perhaps it hath its name from Latin cor the heart, because it lieth in the middle of the fruit’. Skinner pronounced it ‘from French cœur , Italian cuore , Latin cor ’, which has been repeated by most etymologists since. But the original meaning does not agree with any sense of the Latin cor or French cœur , and it was not apparently till late in the 16th cent. that any one thought of associating it with the notion of ‘heart’. Moreover the Old French word was cuer , which in the end of 14th cent. gave place to cueur , latinized after the Renaissance to coeur , cœur . Other conjectures are that it represents French corps (Old French also cors ) body, or cor horn. Some support is given to the last by sense 3 (see especially quot. 1580 at sense 3a); but the persistent final e of the English word is a great obstacle to any such derivation. The primary sense of core had formerly been expressed by colk n.¹

I. Original literal senses.

a. The dry horny capsule imbedded in the centre of the pulp and containing the seeds or pips of the apple, pear, quince, etc. (= colk n.¹).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > parts of > core

colk1340

core1398

corkc1440

crokec1450

columella1760

column1776

columel1828

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > [noun] > parts of fruit > core

colk1340

core1398

corkc1440

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. lxxxi. (Tollem. MS.) Som greynes beþ ordeynid in harde cores [1495 coares, L. in substantia callosa] within þe frute, as it fareþ in apples and in peres.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 506 Take quynces ripe, and pare hem..but kest away the core.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 968.

c1440 Douce MS 55 f. 31 Pare hem & take oute the coore.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. i. 61 An Apple, whiche shal be parted by the myddle in foure parties right..by the core [Fr. par le moilon].

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xlii. 712 In the middle of the fruite [Pear] there is a Coare with kernels or peppins.

1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. 138 The spottes of an apple about the quore.

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. l. 423 Take your Quinces and pare them, and cut them in slices from the chore.

1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. vi. 152 The Coar is originated from the Pith; for the Sap..quits the Pith, which thereby hardens into a Coar.

1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress Concl. None throws away the apple for the core .

1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 37 Take a Mellow Apple,..take out the Core.

1887 F. H. Burnett Little Ld. Fauntleroy xi. 216 He'd set there, an' eat..apples out of a barrel, an' pitch his cores into the street.

†b. figurative. Something that sticks in one's throat, that one cannot swallow or get over; also, in allusion to Adam's apple n. (sense 2), said of part of the original corrupt nature still remaining. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > that which is difficult > something difficult to get over or accept

corec1460

choke-pear1573

camel1637

c1460 Play Sacram. 757 Lord I haue offendyd the in many a sundry vyse That styckyth at my hart as hard as a core.

a1569 A. Kingsmill Viewe Mans Estate (1580) vi. 33 We are all choked with the core of carnall concupiscence.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. iv. 435/2 This scruple was such a Core in Anselm his mouth that he would not pronounce the words of Contract vntil [etc.].

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 396 The coare of Adams apple is still in their throat, which the blood of the Messias hath washt away in the righteous.

a1640 W. Fenner Sacrifice of Faithful (1648) 157 This will be a core to his conscience another day.

1652 E. Benlowes Theophila ii. xvii. 25 Still in our Maw that Apples Core doth stick, Which they did swallow, and the thick Rinde of forbidden Fruit has left our Nature sick.

2. An unburnt part in the centre of a coal, piece of limestone, etc. (= dialect cowk: see coke n.¹, colk n.¹)

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > [noun] > other mining products

corec1420

slam1650

concentrate1871

surfacing1890

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 387 Askes of sarment Wherof the flaume hath lefte a core exile, The body so, not alle the bones, brent.

1840–56 S. C. Brees Gloss. Civil Engin. 253 Lime core is unfit for making cement and mortar, but it is very serviceable as a dry filling at the backs of walls, etc.

1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) Gloss. 1302 Core,..is also the interior part of a lump of lime, which has not been sufficiently burnt. In slaking lump lime these ‘cores’ will not disintegrate.

a. The more or less hard mass of dead tissue in the centre of a boil. Formerly also apparently a callosity or corn in the feet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > boil > core of

core1532

coal1665

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > hardening or thickening > hard skin > corn

agnaileOE

cornc1440

werrock?a1513

wrang-nail?c1530

core1532

crest1569

pin1611

warnel1611

clavus1807

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of legs > other disorders of leg

attaint?1523

brush1710

core1710

sickle-hough1799

grogginess1818

weed1841

thorough-shot1891

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 351/2 So harde is [a] carbuncle, catching ones a core, to bee..cured.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vn Cor, a core in the feete.

1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 6 Healing bloudy wounds and festred coares.

1624 F. Quarles Iob Militant E ij b With Potsheards to scrape off those rip'ned cores..from out his sores.

1641 B. Rudyerd Five Speeches in Parl. 25 Now we see what the sores are..let us be very carefull, to draw out the cores of them.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Georgics iii, in Ann. Misc. 47 Cut the Head; for till the Core be found, The secret Vice is fed.

1710 London Gaz. No. 4772/4 His off Footlock before..troubled with Coars.

1826 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 5) i. vii. 65 (Boils). Under which is a mass of destroyed cellular membrane, called a core.

1856 R. Druitt Surgeon's Vade Mecum (ed. 7) 195 The discharge of a flake of softened lymph, and a small sloughy shred of areolar tissue..what is called a core.

†b. figurative of inward evil, ill feeling, etc. Obsolete.

1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida iii. sig. E3 He would..drawe the core forth of impostum'd sin.

1619 W. Whately Gods Husbandry ix. 66 He hath a sensible edge, and a kind of kore against those that stand betwixt him and this reputation.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. x. 525 They would never again be so fully reconcil'd, that there would not still remain a Core in the bosom of the one or the other.

1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius v. 59 The Core and Bottom of my Torment's found.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. vi. §7 428 The Canker, or Coar, of the late Rebellion was torn out by this loyal Acknowledgment.

c. A disease of sheep, or a tumour characteristic of the disease. Also a disease in pigeons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > tumour

core1742

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > [noun] > disorders of pigeons

navel-fallen1735

core1792

canker1850

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep

pocka1325

soughta1400

pox1530

mad1573

winter rot1577

snuffa1585

leaf1587

leaf-sickness1614

redwater1614

mentigo1706

tag1736

white water1743

hog pox1749

rickets1755

side-ill1776

resp1789

sheep-fag1789

thorter-ill1791

vanquish1792

smallpox1793

shell-sicknessc1794

sickness1794

grass-ill1795

rub1800

pine1804

pining1804

sheep-pock1804

stinking ill1807

water sickness1807

core1818

wryneck1819

tag-belt1826

tag-sore1828

kibe1830

agalaxia1894

agalactia1897

lupinosis1899

trembling1902

struck1903

black disease1906

scrapie1910

renguerra1917

pulpy kidney1927

dopiness1932

blowfly strike1933

body strike1934

sleepy sickness1937

swayback1938

twin lamb disease1945

tick pyaemia1946

fly-strike1950

maedi1952

nematodiriasis1957

visna1957

maedi-visna1972

visna-maedi1972

1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman June xi. 127 [Observe if the skin of the sheep] is clear from Cores and Jogs under the Jaws.

1792 W. Osbaldiston Brit. Sportsman 121/1 Core, in pigeons, a malady so called from its likeness to the core of an apple.

1818 H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. Core..6. A disorder incident to sheep, occasioned by worms in their livers. Chambers.

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Core, a disease in sheep.

II. transferred. A central portion that is cut out, or that remains after using the surrounding parts. [Apparently the notion is taken from the core of fruit, which is cut out, or left uneaten.]

4. A central portion cut out and removed; esp. the cylindrical mass of rock extracted in the process of boring. Also, a portion extracted from the bed of an ocean or lake. So core-sampler n. at Compounds 1b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part > removed

core1652

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [noun] > sample from sea or lake bed

core1938

1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xiv. 97 Ant-hills..are best destroyed this way, being opened, the Soard taken up, and the Coare taken out, and scattered before the Plough.

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiii. 232 Then with a Semi-circular Tool loosen the whole Core or middle of the Ball, and pitch the Core with the point opposite to the Center.

1810 Murdock Specif. Patent 3292 2 The cores cut out of the larger sorts of pipes I use as columns or..form them into smaller pipes.

1882 Standard No. 17946. 2 The Diamond Rock-boring apparatus..brings up solid cores of rock full of their characteristic fossils.

1938 C. S. Piggot in Sci. Monthly Mar. 201 (heading) Core samples of the ocean bottom.

1939 Piggot & Urry in Jrnl. Washington Acad. Sci. XXIX. 405 (heading) The radium content of an ocean-bottom core.

1950 Ann. Reg. 1949 428 A continuous record of the bottom profile..registered by..200 long cores taken from depths between 2,000 and more than 4,000 fathoms, the integral core-length exceeding one statute mile.

1956 Nature 10 Mar. 451/1 Dr. B. Kullenberg, during the Second World War, developed a piston core-sampler capable of taking cores 60 ft. in length.

1959 J. Clegg Freshwater Life Brit. Isles xviii. 309 Deeper samples of the mud are obtained by an apparatus called a core-sampler. This will raise an undisturbed core of bottom-deposit many feet in length.

1970 Nature 6 June 934/2 Palaeomagnetic measurements of deep sea sediment cores could yield additional information about the past motions of the sea floor.

5. The remaining central portion of a mass from which the superficial parts have been cut or chipped away; e.g. of a hay-rick, and in Prehistoric Archaeology of a flint nodule, whence flakes have been chipped for flint knives, etc. Also attributive, applied to implements consisting of a trimmed core of flint or to cultures characterized by this type of implement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part > remaining

core1800

society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > prehistoric tool > [adjective] > types of

rostro-carinate1912

microlithic1913

nucleiform1913

core1926

celtiform1932

Cananaean1934

unifacial1951

osteodontokeratic1957

linguate2001

1800 J. Hurdis Favorite Village iii. 120 The sweet remnant of the hoarded rick Sliced to a core.

1862 F. W. Fairholt Up Nile viii. 308 The square columns..have been in some places literally chipped to pieces, and a rude irregular core only remains.

1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man x. 184 One of those siliceous cores or nuclei with numerous facets, from which flint flakes or knives had been struck off.

1926 Guide Antiqu. Stone Age Brit. Mus. 14 The change from a core-industry to a flake-industry.

1926 Guide Antiqu. Stone Age Brit. Mus. 26 Flints were required for..scraping, planing, sawing, and boring, but for these processes flakes would be more useful than core-implements.

1927 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure Hunters & Artists iv. 42 The earliest palaeolithic implements..were mostly core implements, fashioned from a block of flint by removing flakes from its surface until the desired form had been achieved.

1935 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 1 i. 4 Already in 1916 the Bavarian, Obermaier,..had distinguished core-cultures and flake-cultures in lower palaeolithic industries.

1937 D. A. E. Garrod & D. M. A. Bate Stone Age Mt. Carmel I. i. iii. 32 Cores and core-scrapers..were extremely abundant... They are for the most part roughly pyramidal and rather small.

1947 J. Hawkes & C. Hawkes Prehist. Brit. i. 9 The core-tool will have both faces rounded and trimmed.

1947 J. Hawkes & C. Hawkes Prehist. Brit. i. 12 The core-culture folk at the height of the cold phases seem..to have retreated southward towards Africa, returning again with the milder weather.

III. transferred. A central part of different character from that which surrounds it: chiefly technical.

6. generally.

ΘΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part > of distinct character

heart1578

core1784

1784 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1816) IV. 353 This is a mere excuse to save their crackers..The core of the fireworks cannot be injured.

1843 Rep. Brit. Association 112 The patent substitute for corks and bungs is obtained by employing an elastic core of fibrous materials..and covering it with a thin sheet of India rubber.

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect Introd. ii. 28 The spinal cord..a rod or column of white matter..enclosing a slender core of grey substance.

1863 J. Tyndall Heat (1870) ii. §48. 46 Within the flame we have a core of gas as yet unburnt.

7. spec.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

a. Architecture. The interior part of a wall or column (in this sense formerly often choar).

Categories »

b. Hydraulic Engineering. A wall or structure impervious to water, placed in an embankment or dike of porous material.

c. The central portion of a window-lead or came connecting the leaf or part overlapping the edges of the glass.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > glazing or dividing bar > part of

core1663

storey1811

beginner1886

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 53 To fill the Choare of a wall..Several cracks in walls, whereof the Choares are hollow.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 309 The core of the rubble-work of the Grecian walls is impenetrable to a tool.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. s.v. The core of a column is a strong post of some material inserted in its central cavity when of wood.

1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) ii. iii. 672 An ancient lead of the usual width..consisting of the leaf..and the core.

1884 Law Times Rep. 51 229/2 The stuff of which the core of the wall was composed.

d. See hardcore n. 1.

e. That part of a nuclear reactor which contains fissile material.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear fuel > [noun] > part containing fissile material

core1949

1949 Nucleonics Dec. 43/1 The core or active section of the pile, in its simplest form, may consist merely of a mass of fissionable material or nuclear fuel.

1954 Sci. Amer. Dec. 36/2 The high pressure core will be contained in a carbon-steel vessel nine feet in diameter, coated with stainless steel.

1955 Sci. News Let. 20 Aug. 115/3 Radiation from the core appears as a bluish-green glow.

1971 Daily Tel. 30 Apr. (Colour Suppl.) 17/4 One species [of alga] lives in the cooling water that circulates round the cores of nuclear reactors.

f. All the electrons of an atom (together with its nucleus) other than the valency electrons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > together with electrons

core1926

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle avoiding strong interaction > electron > [noun] > electrons in an atom

core1926

1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 111 86 When one electron is much more easily removed than any other, it is reasonable to think of it as a ‘series electron’ and the rest of the atom as a ‘core’.

1927 J. W. Fisher & D. R. Hartree tr. M. Born Mech. Atom iii. 130 This one electron is in an orbit..far removed from the rest of the atom, or ‘core’. [Note] German, Rumpf. The English equivalent of this word is not completely standardised: the alternatives ‘body’, ‘trunk’, ‘kernel’ have been used by different writers.

1937 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Atomic Spectra i. 70 There are only two electrons outside the atomic core of the alkaline earths.

1965 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. I. ii. 37 Sodium..has a core of completed K- and L-electron shells.

1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. v. 90 The argon core effectively screens the nuclear charge from a 3d electron.

8. Founding. An internal mould filling the space intended to be left hollow in a hollow casting. false core: a loose piece in the mould, used for producing a surface of hollowed or complicated form in the casting; called also a drawback.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould

ingotc1386

pattern1492

lingot1549

core1728

striker1843

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > parts or accessories of mould

flask1697

sharp1703

core1728

oddside1836

drawback1843

cope1856

nowel1864

rapping plate1876

prod1888

knock-out1893

undercut1909

hot top1917

tundish1926

pipe chaplet1934

natch1941

parting1967

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Foundry The Mould, or Core, (thus call'd from Cœur, as being in the Heart, or Middle of the Statue).

1756 Dict. Arts & Sci. at Foundery of Bells The core..is made of bricks, breaking the corners without to give the masonry its exact rotundity.

1819 H. Reveley Let. to Shelley 12 Nov. The melted metal..may run..into them, and fill up the vacant space left between the core and the shell.

1857 W. C. Lukis Acct. Church Bells 21 The inner mould or core..the shape of the inside of the bell.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 472 The drawbacks, or false cores, made of sand pressed hard (and admitting of taking to pieces by joints).

9. The central bony part of the horn of quadrupeds (a process of the frontal bone); = colk n.¹ b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > projection on head > horn > core of horn

flint1712

slough1721

colk1781

core1842

horn-core1872

1842 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland II. 395 The slug or core on which the horn is moulded.

1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 516/2 Horns..having a position analogous..to that of the osseous cores of the Stags.

1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. vi. 281 The skull was armed with two or three pairs of horn cores.

10.

a. The bar or cylinder of soft iron forming the central part of an electro-magnet, or of an induction coil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > magnet > middle section of

core1849

magnet core1889

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > electromagnetic induction > [noun] > induction coil > central part of

core1849

1849 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 8) xxxv. 377 The deep-seated magnetic contents of the globe..are just in the condition to act as a soft iron core to the currents round them.

1870 J. Tyndall Lect. Electr. 4 (note) The attraction exerted by electro-magnetic cores or bars of iron.

1881 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism (ed. 2) II. 287 An induction machine without an iron core.

b. A unit of magnetic material in a computer; esp. one in which two directions of magnetization represent 0 and 1 and the magnetization remains unchanged until reversed by currents in wires passing through or round the core. So core memory, core store, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > primary storage or main memory > core memory

core1950

twistor1957

1950 Jrnl. Appl. Physics 21 49 Magnetic cores with a rectangular hysteresis loop are used in a storage system which requires no mechanical motion and is permanent.

1953 R. D. Kodis et al. in Convention Record of IRE 38 (heading) Magnetic shift register using one core per bit.

1955 Sci. Amer. June 95/1 The units in the system are tiny rings of magnetic material, called ‘cores’.

1959 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 9 Mar. 743/1 The computing equipment consists of: One Ferranti Mercury computer, with four blocks of core store.

1962 Gloss. Terms Automatic Data Processing (B.S.I.) 76 Core store, an array of storage cores used as a magnetic store.

1964 R. F. Ficchi Electr. Interference vii. 114 The computer..has 23 instructions designed to operate with two overlapping core-storage units.

1965 Math. in Biol. & Med. (Med. Res. Council) iv. 192 The core memory size (32000 words of 36 bits each).

1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 303 The individual magnetic cores are strung on fine insulated wires and assembled into flat planes (or arrays) containing 16 to 10,000 cores apiece.

11. The central strand around which the other strands are twisted in a hawser-laid rope (also called heart). Also, the central cord of insulated conducting wires, around which the protecting wire sheathing is twisted, in a telegraph cable.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [noun] > rope or cord > strand of rope > central strand

heart1759

heart strand1798

heart yarn1827

core1849

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > piece of metal in other form

blank?1590

knee1825

larget1852

strand1876

core1892

undercloak1896

use1955

1849 A. Smith Specif. Patent 12,620 2 A reel or bobbin from which the heart or core for the rope..is supplied.

1852 Mechanics' Mag. 57 392 R. S. Newall was the inventor of wire ropes containing a core of hemp..the application of this invention to electric telegraph rope is most obvious, for it is simply the substitution for the core of hemp of the core of gutta percha containing the electric wires.

1892 Sat. Rev. 27 Feb. 253 (Subm. Teleg.) It was for twenty-five knots of what electricians now call core—namely, copper wire insulated by a covering of gutta percha. In modern cables the core is always protected first by a serving of hemp or jute, and then by an outer sheath of soft steel wires.

IV. The central or innermost part, the ‘heart’ of anything.In some of these uses ‘heart’ is of much earlier occurrence; e.g. in heovene hert c1300; the herte of Fraunce, Palsgr. 1530; hert of Oke, Fitzherbert 1525. The employment of core in similar senses appears to have come from the etymological notion of identifying it with Latin cor, and thus with heart.

12. Geology and Astronomy. The differentiated central part of a planet; spec. that of the earth, differing from the mantle and the crust in composition, density, and temperature and believed to be divided into a liquid inner and a solid outer core.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > part of planet

terminator1661

belt1665

fascia1704

fibre1715

white spot1784

dayside1827

nightside1848

albedo1860

north pole1861

polar cap1863

core1882

regolith1897

tectonics1899

sediment ring1955

radiation belt1958

palaeo-radius1960

space needle1961

soil1967

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > geosphere > centrosphere or core

centre1483

middle eartha1592

mid-earth1849

core1882

centrosphere1898

Nife1909

1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 50 He found that the precessional and nutational movements could not possibly be as they are if the planet consisted of a central core of molten rock surrounded with a crust of twenty or thirty miles in thickness.

1940 R. A. Daly Strength & Struct. Earth i. 1 The earth contains a spheroidal core... The rest of the planet, beneath ocean and atmosphere,..may be distinguished as a whole by the name ‘mantle’.

1978 J. M. Pasachoff & M. L. Kutner University Astron. xiv. 396 Most scientists believe that the Moon's core is molten.

1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans iii. 71 At the planet's center is a core; its radius is 1070 km. This inner core is solid, very dense, magnetized, rich in iron and nickel, and very hot (5000° C).

13. Applied to the heart of timber, etc., and in expressions thence derived.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > heart-wood or duramen

heart1324

core1604

spine1630

duramen1837

1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) i. vii. 30 The rhinde and leaves, which shew the nature and goodnesse of both the roote and the kore.

1730 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons 7 Insect-armies..wasteful eat Thro' buds, and bark, into the blacken'd Core, Their eager way.

1818 W. Scott Battle of Sempach x The stalwart men of fair Lucerne..The pith and core of manhood stern.

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 259 One of the great trees, fair and flourishing without, but rotten at the core.

1882 Garden 16 Sept. 251/3 One very large Abele tree, rotten at the core.

14. The innermost part, very centre, or ‘heart’:

a. of a superficial area or thing material.

ΘΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part

hearteOE

yolk1340

centruma1398

marrow1434

core1614

kernela1642

centrals1649

nucleus1702

centrepiece1739

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. xii. §5. 216 In the Core of the square she raised a Tower of a furlong high.

a1855 C. Brontë Professor (1857) II. xviii. 17 The little plot of ground in the very core of a capital.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiii. 163 Masses of ice..disintegrated to the core.

b. of things immaterial; often with figurative reference to the core of a fruit or tree (as in sound at the core or rotten at the core), or to a central nucleus as the seat of strength and resistance, or to the heart: cf. 15a.

ΘΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun]

pitheOE

i-cundeeOE

roota1325

substancec1330

juicec1380

marrowa1382

formc1385

acta1398

quidditya1398

substantial forma1398

inward1398

savourc1400

inwardc1450

allaya1456

essencya1475

being1521

bottom1531

spirit?1534

summary1548

ecceity1549

core1556

flower1568

formality1570

sum and substance1572

alloy1594

soul1598

inwardness1605

quid1606

fibre1607

selfness1611

whatness1611

essentialityc1616

propera1626

the whole shot1628

substantiala1631

esse1642

entity1643

virtuality1646

ingeny1647

quoddity1647

intimacy1648

ens1649

inbeing1661

essence1667

interiority1701

intrinsic1716

stamen1758

character1761

quidditas1782

hyparxis1792

rasa1800

bone1829

what1861

isness1865

inscape1868

as-suchness1909

Wesen1959

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part > of something immaterial

core1556

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lxxviii. 73 Of my tale the verie carnell or core Must stand on two points.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 419 But the core of all, is, that it sets too great a distance between us.

1675 R. Baxter Catholick Theol. i. ii. 62 This seemth the very core of their error.

1804 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) III. 585 Till that is effected, our system is rotten to the core.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam cv. 165 Bring in great logs and let them lie, To make a solid core of heat.

1865 S. Baring-Gould Bk. Were-wolves iv. 52 There is a solid core of fact.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §1. 215 The genius of Chaucer was..English to the core.

15.

a. Used, with more or less conscious etymological reference, for ‘heart’.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Oiii^v/1 Y^e Core of an aple, cor ordis.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Si/1 Y^e Couk of an opple, cor ordis.]

1611 T. Momford in T. Coryate Crudities sig. g Well may his name be called Coryate,..of the heart or very Cor of wit.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads vi. 214 He..fed upon the core Of his sad bosom.

1816 L. Hunt Story of Rimini iv. 219 Strike me to the core.

1834 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pilgrims of Rhine iv. 23 The desertion of his dog had touched him to the core.

b. heart's core: a Shakespearian expression, perhaps originally a play on core and Latin cor.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > seat of the emotions > [noun] > breast or heart > inmost heart or bottom of heart

groundc1175

heart-roota1200

roota1200

heartstring1533

heart of hearts1604

heart's core1604

recess1605

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 71 I will weare him In my harts core, I in my hart of hart.

1820 J. Keats Lamia i, in Lamia & Other Poems 14 In the lore Of love deep learned to the red heart's core.

1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. ii. 38 Each sob coming from the very core of my heart.

1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life I. 361 He was a genuine antiquary to the heart's core.

Compounds

C1.

a. (chiefly in branch III)

core-bar n.

1848 Wilson Specif. of Patent 12,397 12 I also claim the making of said cores by ramming vertically into core boxes, around collapsing core bars.

1857 J. Scoffern et al. Useful Metals & their Alloys 208 Cores for pipes..are built around a hollow cylindrical core-bar.

core drying n.

1901 Daily Chron. 3 Dec. 2/1 For making steel, heating iron, core-drying.

core-iron n.

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 89 Core Irons, or Core Rods, rods of wrought iron from ¹/ ₈ inch or ¹/ ₄ to ¹/ ₂ inch in diameter, according to the size of core.

1960 R. Lister Decorative Cast Ironwork 225 Core Irons, bars of iron built into cores to reinforce them.

core-lifter n.

core-maker n.

1884 Birmingham Daily Post 24 Jan. 3/4 Wanted..Coremaker, for Foundry.

core-peg n.

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 181 The segments are then tied together, placed on a thin core-peg, put into a larger mould.

core plug n.

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 189 The core-plug required to form the bullet.

core-tube n.

Categories »

core-barrel n. Gunnery a long cylindrical iron tube through which cold water is run, used in casting guns to cool them from the interior.

core board n.

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Core Board, the board against whose edge a core is struck up on a revolving bar. It is commonly termed a loam board.

core-box n. a box in which a core is made in founding.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > box in which core is made

core-box1874

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. (at cited word) The core is made in a core-box, and has projecting portions, known as core-prints, which rest in the prints of the mold.

1881 Mechanic §629 The use of this core-box..is to enable the iron founder to mould the core.

core-casting n. casting with a core to make a cavity in metal.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting > types of

iron founding1793

bronze founding1869

chill-casting1879

die-casting1911

core-casting1928

slush casting1930

sand casting1939

gravity die-casting1940

investment casting1946

slipforming1968

pressure casting1973

1928 V. G. Childe Most Anc. East v. 133 The process of core-casting and the invention of the shaft-hole axe.

core-drilling n. a method of drilling in which an annular hole is made in the ground and a core extracted; core-sampling.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > drilling for samples

core-drilling1903

core-sampling1927

1903 Sci. Amer. 18 July 44/1 Core drilling is indispensable in a great variety of engineering and mining enterprises, affording, as it does, a means for drilling out a sample core or column of rock.

1955 Oxf. Junior Encycl. VIII. 342/1 Further exploration is usually necessary in order to assess the commercial value of the deposit. This information may be obtained by core-drilling.

core-loss n. the loss of energy due to hysteresis and to eddy-currents in the core of electric machinery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > operation of machinery > [noun] > loss of energy

core-loss1902

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 418/1 Of the power..imparted to the primary circuit one portion is dissipated by the heat generated in the primary and secondary circuits..and another portion by the iron core losses.

1917 Standard. Rules Amer. Inst. Electr. Eng. 44 Increased core losses due to increased excitation for compensating internal drop under load.

1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 171/2 Core loss, the loss developed as heat in the ferromagnetic core of a magnetic circuit subjected to alternating magnetization. It comprises two components quite different in their origin, namely hysteresis loss and eddy-current loss.

core-piece n. a piece forming a core.

core-print n. a projecting piece on a pattern to form a recess in the mould, into which the end of the core is inserted.

1857 J. Scoffern et al. Useful Metals & their Alloys 499 Core-prints corresponding to the apertures of the connecting links [of a chain].

core-sampler n. a device for extracting a core of material from the ocean floor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [noun] > apparatus

auger1532

corer1927

core-sampler1938

1938 C. S. Piggot in Sci. Monthly Mar. 202 (caption) Comparison of snapper with core sampler.

core-sampling n. core-drilling in order to obtain a core as a sample of the strata pierced.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > drilling for samples

core-drilling1903

core-sampling1927

1927 R. Peele Mining Engineers' Handbk. (ed. 2) ix. 347 The need for more accurate samples has caused rapid improvement in core sampling.

core-wall n. a wall of solid masonry forming the core of a dike or dam consisting mostly of earth or sand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > wall > other types of wall

sidewall1381

brick wall1465

outwall1535

parpen1591

parapet1598

inwall?1611

breastwork1673

parapet wall1682

dwarf1718

screen1761

screen wall1770

hollow wall1823

alure1853

curtain wall1859

core-wall1899

blank wall1904

1899 E. Wegmann Design & Constr. Dams (ed. 4) ii. i. 115 Masonry Core-walls are doubtless the best means of insuring water-tightness in an earthen dam.

1899 E. Wegmann Design & Constr. Dams (ed. 4) ii. i. 115 Core-walls for high dams are usually given a stronger section than those for lower ones... The thickness of the core-wall at the natural surface should be about ¹/ ₆ to ¹/ ₇ of the ‘head’ in the reservoir.

1909 H. M. Wilson Irrigation Engin. (ed. 6) xvi. 366 The foundations for a masonry core-wall should always rest only on firm, homogeneous rock.

core-wheel n. a mortise wheel in which the recesses for cogs are made by placing cores in the mould in which it is cast.

1884 E. H. Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. Core Wheel, a wheel with recesses which answer as the interspaces of cogs, or into which wooden cogs may be driven.

C2.

a. attributive passing into adj. That forms (a part of) the core or central area of study, etc.; essential, central, basic, fundamental.

ΘΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > essential or central

cardinal1440

material1603

primal1619

real1620

centrical1659

vital1659

essential1770

nucleal1826

key1832

pivotal1837

keystone1846

pivot1861

quintessential1901

central1902

core1962

1962 Y. Malkiel in F. W. Householder & S. Saporta Probl. Lexicogr. 10 In certain lines of practical work..the need has arisen for precisely circumscribed core vocabularies.

1969 Cultural News from India Nov. 8 Publication of core books... These books..will be of such standard and authority that..all universities will accept them as textbooks or reference literature.

1971 World Archaeol. 3 189 The new ruling minority assimilate rapidly into the core population.

1977 M. Cohen Sensible Words i. 29 Only with Locke..does this problematic aspect of language emerge as a natural consequence of grammatical description in English texts and therefore as a new core idea in linguistics.

1984 Utah Desert News 15 Jan. (Suppl.) 5/1 A core staff and a seemingly endless supply of volunteers.

core area n. a central geographical area in which characteristic elements are concentrated.

ΘΠ

the world > the earth > region of the earth > [noun] > containing characteristic elements

core area1956

1956 I. S. Maxwell in D. L. Linton Sheffield 128 Characteristically there is a ‘core area’ with wholly Scandinavian names surrounded by a peripheral area containing Scandinavianized or hybrid names.

1970 Toronto Daily Star 24 Sept. 27/1 Almost twice as many children run afoul of the law in certain core areas of the city as in more affluent regions.

core curriculum n. that part of a curriculum which is essential or compulsory as opposed to that which is optional.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > [noun] > curriculum

core curriculum1935

1935 Calif. Jrnl. Secondary Educ. Feb. 137 (heading) ‘Shall there be a core curriculum in secondary schools?’: a symposium.

1953 School Sci. Rev. Mar. 300 According to the views of some scientists, the professional educator is entirely too profligate in his coinage of high-flung phrases, such as ‘core curriculum’ and ‘societally significant’.

1986 Daily Tel. 7 June 16/5 The new core-curriculum currently under discussion has no place for RE.

core time n. in a flexitime working arrangement, a period or portion of the day during which it is compulsory for an employee to be at work.

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > [noun] > portion of day allotted to work

day1637

working hour1698

work hour1786

business day1796

working day1796

business end1828

eight hours1845

core time1972

1972 Daily Tel. 1 June 7/4 An employee can have his day split into two periods. These would be ‘core time’, when he..must be present, and ‘flextime’, usually at the beginning and end of the working day.

Draft additions June 2013

attributive. Economics. Of or relating to underlying trends in prices, exclusive of temporary volatility; spec. of or designating a calculation of inflation which excludes certain items, chiefly food and energy, which are subject to sudden and temporary price fluctuations. Frequently in core inflation. Cf. headline inflation at headline n.² Compounds 3b.

ΚΠ

1973 Financial Times 24 Aug. 5/1 Once the U.S. can get past the present bulge in food prices, there was no reason why it should not return to what he [sc. Herbert Stein] called a ‘core’ rate of inflation of about 3½ per cent.

1980 Washington Post 21 July (Business section) 3/3 Today we have a core inflation of 10–11 percent.

1994 J. Tosovsky in F. Capie et al. Future of Central Banking ii. 322 It is very difficult to recognise in a country in transition what is the underlying or core rate of inflation.

2005 Wall St. Jrnl. (Central ed.) 19 Dec. a15/1 Mr. Fukui said..that the nation's core consumer-price index—which he called the Bank of Japan's ‘route marker’ for inflation expectations—would continue to rise gradually.

2012 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 23 May (Business section) 21 It looks likely that headline inflation will now stay at these levels for the next two or three months and core inflation might even nudge back up given weak underlying price pressures this time a year ago.

Draft additions 1997

core dump n. [so called originally because the main memory was a core memory: see sense 10b] Computing a dump of the contents of main memory at the time of a crash, usually as an aid to debugging.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > debugging > information aiding

snapshot1963

core dump1967

1967 D. H. Stabley System 360 Assembler Lang. (ed. 2) 107 Hexadecimal core dumps may appear to be an unwieldy means of program debugging and analysis.

1978 J. McNeil Consultant xxi. 188 It was bad enough getting the bank's permission to bring a core dump out of the Data Centre.

1988 Byte June 176/2 Another bug resulted in several aborts with core dumps when I pressed PageUp.

Draft additions June 2016

core stability n. stability of the low back and pelvis that is achieved by the action of the core muscles of the body; frequently attributive.

1996 K. E. Wilk in R. J. Hawkins & G. W. Misamore Shoulder Injuries in Athlete xxv. 359/1 It is critical to establish dynamic joint stability and core stability first.

2003 Ladies' Home Jrnl. Feb. 123/1 Skating requires great core stability—strong abs, back and hips for all of the one-legged moves.

2014 K. G. Knopf Therapy Ball Workbk. 18 This routine will give you a total-body workout, with..core-stability exercises as well as lower-extremity toning.

Draft additions June 2016

The trunk of the human body; spec. the muscles of the trunk collectively, chiefly those of the abdominal wall and pelvic floor, which maintain stability of the low back and pelvis, esp. during movement. Frequently attributive, as core exercises, core muscles, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > [noun]

bodyeOE

lichOE

bouka1225

stocka1387

trunka1513

corsage?1518

torso1864

core1972

1972 L. Golombek in R. Ettinghausen Islamic Art in Metrop. Mus. Art 29/1 The arms wind tightly around the core of the body in a constricting movement.

1986 Vogue Feb. 378/2 Women's obsession with having flatter abdominals belies the importance of making these ‘core’ muscles stronger.

1993 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 24 Oct. ii. 1/2 Far more than ballet, modern dancers learn to move from a resilient central core.

1997 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 29 Oct. c12 We do a core workout for the back and stomach, which is important for us to prevent injuries.

2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 27 July d5 The key advantage of the ball is its instability, which forces you to use a variety of muscles to stay balanced. This can be especially useful for strengthening the muscles of the ‘core’ or trunk.

2014 N. Tumminello Strength Training for Fat Loss 53 Exercises such as Romanian deadlifts..could also be considered core exercises because your core is not just your abdominal muscles but all of the muscles that make up your torso.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	core
释义	coren.¹ Brit. /kɔː/, U.S. /kɔ(ə)r/ Forms: Middle English– core; also Middle English coore, Middle English–1600s coare, (1600s chore, choare, kore, quore), 1600s–1700s coar. Etymology: Appears c1400, in senses 1, 2; core has been the prevailing spelling from the first. Etymology uncertain. Minsheu conjectured ‘perhaps it hath its name from Latin cor the heart, because it lieth in the middle of the fruit’. Skinner pronounced it ‘from French cœur , Italian cuore , Latin cor ’, which has been repeated by most etymologists since. But the original meaning does not agree with any sense of the Latin cor or French cœur , and it was not apparently till late in the 16th cent. that any one thought of associating it with the notion of ‘heart’. Moreover the Old French word was cuer , which in the end of 14th cent. gave place to cueur , latinized after the Renaissance to coeur , cœur . Other conjectures are that it represents French corps (Old French also cors ) body, or cor horn. Some support is given to the last by sense 3 (see especially quot. 1580 at sense 3a); but the persistent final e of the English word is a great obstacle to any such derivation. The primary sense of core had formerly been expressed by colk n.¹ I. Original literal senses. 1. a. The dry horny capsule imbedded in the centre of the pulp and containing the seeds or pips of the apple, pear, quince, etc. (= colk n.¹). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > parts of > core colk1340 core1398 corkc1440 crokec1450 columella1760 column1776 columel1828 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > [noun] > parts of fruit > core colk1340 core1398 corkc1440 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. lxxxi. (Tollem. MS.) Som greynes beþ ordeynid in harde cores [1495 coares, L. in substantia callosa] within þe frute, as it fareþ in apples and in peres. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 506 Take quynces ripe, and pare hem..but kest away the core. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 968. c1440 Douce MS 55 f. 31 Pare hem & take oute the coore. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. i. 61 An Apple, whiche shal be parted by the myddle in foure parties right..by the core [Fr. par le moilon]. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xlii. 712 In the middle of the fruite [Pear] there is a Coare with kernels or peppins. 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. 138 The spottes of an apple about the quore. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. l. 423 Take your Quinces and pare them, and cut them in slices from the chore. 1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. vi. 152 The Coar is originated from the Pith; for the Sap..quits the Pith, which thereby hardens into a Coar. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress Concl. None throws away the apple for the core . View more context for this quotation 1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 37 Take a Mellow Apple,..take out the Core. 1887 F. H. Burnett Little Ld. Fauntleroy xi. 216 He'd set there, an' eat..apples out of a barrel, an' pitch his cores into the street. †b. figurative. Something that sticks in one's throat, that one cannot swallow or get over; also, in allusion to Adam's apple n. (sense 2), said of part of the original corrupt nature still remaining. Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > that which is difficult > something difficult to get over or accept corec1460 choke-pear1573 camel1637 c1460 Play Sacram. 757 Lord I haue offendyd the in many a sundry vyse That styckyth at my hart as hard as a core. a1569 A. Kingsmill Viewe Mans Estate (1580) vi. 33 We are all choked with the core of carnall concupiscence. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. iv. 435/2 This scruple was such a Core in Anselm his mouth that he would not pronounce the words of Contract vntil [etc.]. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 396 The coare of Adams apple is still in their throat, which the blood of the Messias hath washt away in the righteous. a1640 W. Fenner Sacrifice of Faithful (1648) 157 This will be a core to his conscience another day. 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila ii. xvii. 25 Still in our Maw that Apples Core doth stick, Which they did swallow, and the thick Rinde of forbidden Fruit has left our Nature sick. 2. An unburnt part in the centre of a coal, piece of limestone, etc. (= dialect cowk: see coke n.¹, colk n.¹) ΘΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > [noun] > other mining products corec1420 slam1650 concentrate1871 surfacing1890 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 387 Askes of sarment Wherof the flaume hath lefte a core exile, The body so, not alle the bones, brent. 1840–56 S. C. Brees Gloss. Civil Engin. 253 Lime core is unfit for making cement and mortar, but it is very serviceable as a dry filling at the backs of walls, etc. 1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) Gloss. 1302 Core,..is also the interior part of a lump of lime, which has not been sufficiently burnt. In slaking lump lime these ‘cores’ will not disintegrate. 3. a. The more or less hard mass of dead tissue in the centre of a boil. Formerly also apparently a callosity or corn in the feet. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > boil > core of core1532 coal1665 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > hardening or thickening > hard skin > corn agnaileOE cornc1440 werrock?a1513 wrang-nail?c1530 core1532 crest1569 pin1611 warnel1611 clavus1807 the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of legs > other disorders of leg attaint?1523 brush1710 core1710 sickle-hough1799 grogginess1818 weed1841 thorough-shot1891 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 351/2 So harde is [a] carbuncle, catching ones a core, to bee..cured. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vn Cor, a core in the feete. 1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 6 Healing bloudy wounds and festred coares. 1624 F. Quarles Iob Militant E ij b With Potsheards to scrape off those rip'ned cores..from out his sores. 1641 B. Rudyerd Five Speeches in Parl. 25 Now we see what the sores are..let us be very carefull, to draw out the cores of them. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Georgics iii, in Ann. Misc. 47 Cut the Head; for till the Core be found, The secret Vice is fed. 1710 London Gaz. No. 4772/4 His off Footlock before..troubled with Coars. 1826 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 5) i. vii. 65 (Boils). Under which is a mass of destroyed cellular membrane, called a core. 1856 R. Druitt Surgeon's Vade Mecum (ed. 7) 195 The discharge of a flake of softened lymph, and a small sloughy shred of areolar tissue..what is called a core. †b. figurative of inward evil, ill feeling, etc. Obsolete. Π 1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida iii. sig. E3 He would..drawe the core forth of impostum'd sin. 1619 W. Whately Gods Husbandry ix. 66 He hath a sensible edge, and a kind of kore against those that stand betwixt him and this reputation. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. x. 525 They would never again be so fully reconcil'd, that there would not still remain a Core in the bosom of the one or the other. 1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius v. 59 The Core and Bottom of my Torment's found. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. vi. §7 428 The Canker, or Coar, of the late Rebellion was torn out by this loyal Acknowledgment. c. A disease of sheep, or a tumour characteristic of the disease. Also a disease in pigeons. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > tumour core1742 the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > [noun] > disorders of pigeons navel-fallen1735 core1792 canker1850 the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep pocka1325 soughta1400 pox1530 mad1573 winter rot1577 snuffa1585 leaf1587 leaf-sickness1614 redwater1614 mentigo1706 tag1736 white water1743 hog pox1749 rickets1755 side-ill1776 resp1789 sheep-fag1789 thorter-ill1791 vanquish1792 smallpox1793 shell-sicknessc1794 sickness1794 grass-ill1795 rub1800 pine1804 pining1804 sheep-pock1804 stinking ill1807 water sickness1807 core1818 wryneck1819 tag-belt1826 tag-sore1828 kibe1830 agalaxia1894 agalactia1897 lupinosis1899 trembling1902 struck1903 black disease1906 scrapie1910 renguerra1917 pulpy kidney1927 dopiness1932 blowfly strike1933 body strike1934 sleepy sickness1937 swayback1938 twin lamb disease1945 tick pyaemia1946 fly-strike1950 maedi1952 nematodiriasis1957 visna1957 maedi-visna1972 visna-maedi1972 1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman June xi. 127 [Observe if the skin of the sheep] is clear from Cores and Jogs under the Jaws. 1792 W. Osbaldiston Brit. Sportsman 121/1 Core, in pigeons, a malady so called from its likeness to the core of an apple. 1818 H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. Core..6. A disorder incident to sheep, occasioned by worms in their livers. Chambers. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Core, a disease in sheep. II. transferred. A central portion that is cut out, or that remains after using the surrounding parts. [Apparently the notion is taken from the core of fruit, which is cut out, or left uneaten.] 4. A central portion cut out and removed; esp. the cylindrical mass of rock extracted in the process of boring. Also, a portion extracted from the bed of an ocean or lake. So core-sampler n. at Compounds 1b). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part > removed core1652 the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [noun] > sample from sea or lake bed core1938 1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xiv. 97 Ant-hills..are best destroyed this way, being opened, the Soard taken up, and the Coare taken out, and scattered before the Plough. 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiii. 232 Then with a Semi-circular Tool loosen the whole Core or middle of the Ball, and pitch the Core with the point opposite to the Center. 1810 Murdock Specif. Patent 3292 2 The cores cut out of the larger sorts of pipes I use as columns or..form them into smaller pipes. 1882 Standard No. 17946. 2 The Diamond Rock-boring apparatus..brings up solid cores of rock full of their characteristic fossils. 1938 C. S. Piggot in Sci. Monthly Mar. 201 (heading) Core samples of the ocean bottom. 1939 Piggot & Urry in Jrnl. Washington Acad. Sci. XXIX. 405 (heading) The radium content of an ocean-bottom core. 1950 Ann. Reg. 1949 428 A continuous record of the bottom profile..registered by..200 long cores taken from depths between 2,000 and more than 4,000 fathoms, the integral core-length exceeding one statute mile. 1956 Nature 10 Mar. 451/1 Dr. B. Kullenberg, during the Second World War, developed a piston core-sampler capable of taking cores 60 ft. in length. 1959 J. Clegg Freshwater Life Brit. Isles xviii. 309 Deeper samples of the mud are obtained by an apparatus called a core-sampler. This will raise an undisturbed core of bottom-deposit many feet in length. 1970 Nature 6 June 934/2 Palaeomagnetic measurements of deep sea sediment cores could yield additional information about the past motions of the sea floor. 5. The remaining central portion of a mass from which the superficial parts have been cut or chipped away; e.g. of a hay-rick, and in Prehistoric Archaeology of a flint nodule, whence flakes have been chipped for flint knives, etc. Also attributive, applied to implements consisting of a trimmed core of flint or to cultures characterized by this type of implement. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part > remaining core1800 society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > prehistoric tool > [adjective] > types of rostro-carinate1912 microlithic1913 nucleiform1913 core1926 celtiform1932 Cananaean1934 unifacial1951 osteodontokeratic1957 linguate2001 1800 J. Hurdis Favorite Village iii. 120 The sweet remnant of the hoarded rick Sliced to a core. 1862 F. W. Fairholt Up Nile viii. 308 The square columns..have been in some places literally chipped to pieces, and a rude irregular core only remains. 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man x. 184 One of those siliceous cores or nuclei with numerous facets, from which flint flakes or knives had been struck off. 1926 Guide Antiqu. Stone Age Brit. Mus. 14 The change from a core-industry to a flake-industry. 1926 Guide Antiqu. Stone Age Brit. Mus. 26 Flints were required for..scraping, planing, sawing, and boring, but for these processes flakes would be more useful than core-implements. 1927 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure Hunters & Artists iv. 42 The earliest palaeolithic implements..were mostly core implements, fashioned from a block of flint by removing flakes from its surface until the desired form had been achieved. 1935 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 1 i. 4 Already in 1916 the Bavarian, Obermaier,..had distinguished core-cultures and flake-cultures in lower palaeolithic industries. 1937 D. A. E. Garrod & D. M. A. Bate Stone Age Mt. Carmel I. i. iii. 32 Cores and core-scrapers..were extremely abundant... They are for the most part roughly pyramidal and rather small. 1947 J. Hawkes & C. Hawkes Prehist. Brit. i. 9 The core-tool will have both faces rounded and trimmed. 1947 J. Hawkes & C. Hawkes Prehist. Brit. i. 12 The core-culture folk at the height of the cold phases seem..to have retreated southward towards Africa, returning again with the milder weather. III. transferred. A central part of different character from that which surrounds it: chiefly technical. 6. generally. ΘΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part > of distinct character heart1578 core1784 1784 S. Johnson in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1816) IV. 353 This is a mere excuse to save their crackers..The core of the fireworks cannot be injured. 1843 Rep. Brit. Association 112 The patent substitute for corks and bungs is obtained by employing an elastic core of fibrous materials..and covering it with a thin sheet of India rubber. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect Introd. ii. 28 The spinal cord..a rod or column of white matter..enclosing a slender core of grey substance. 1863 J. Tyndall Heat (1870) ii. §48. 46 Within the flame we have a core of gas as yet unburnt. 7. spec. Thesaurus » Categories » a. Architecture. The interior part of a wall or column (in this sense formerly often choar). Categories » b. Hydraulic Engineering. A wall or structure impervious to water, placed in an embankment or dike of porous material. c. The central portion of a window-lead or came connecting the leaf or part overlapping the edges of the glass. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > glazing or dividing bar > part of core1663 storey1811 beginner1886 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 53 To fill the Choare of a wall..Several cracks in walls, whereof the Choares are hollow. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 309 The core of the rubble-work of the Grecian walls is impenetrable to a tool. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. s.v. The core of a column is a strong post of some material inserted in its central cavity when of wood. 1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) ii. iii. 672 An ancient lead of the usual width..consisting of the leaf..and the core. 1884 Law Times Rep. 51 229/2 The stuff of which the core of the wall was composed. d. See hardcore n. 1. e. That part of a nuclear reactor which contains fissile material. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear fuel > [noun] > part containing fissile material core1949 1949 Nucleonics Dec. 43/1 The core or active section of the pile, in its simplest form, may consist merely of a mass of fissionable material or nuclear fuel. 1954 Sci. Amer. Dec. 36/2 The high pressure core will be contained in a carbon-steel vessel nine feet in diameter, coated with stainless steel. 1955 Sci. News Let. 20 Aug. 115/3 Radiation from the core appears as a bluish-green glow. 1971 Daily Tel. 30 Apr. (Colour Suppl.) 17/4 One species [of alga] lives in the cooling water that circulates round the cores of nuclear reactors. f. All the electrons of an atom (together with its nucleus) other than the valency electrons. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > together with electrons core1926 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle avoiding strong interaction > electron > [noun] > electrons in an atom core1926 1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 111 86 When one electron is much more easily removed than any other, it is reasonable to think of it as a ‘series electron’ and the rest of the atom as a ‘core’. 1927 J. W. Fisher & D. R. Hartree tr. M. Born Mech. Atom iii. 130 This one electron is in an orbit..far removed from the rest of the atom, or ‘core’. [Note] German, Rumpf. The English equivalent of this word is not completely standardised: the alternatives ‘body’, ‘trunk’, ‘kernel’ have been used by different writers. 1937 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Atomic Spectra i. 70 There are only two electrons outside the atomic core of the alkaline earths. 1965 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. I. ii. 37 Sodium..has a core of completed K- and L-electron shells. 1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. v. 90 The argon core effectively screens the nuclear charge from a 3d electron. 8. Founding. An internal mould filling the space intended to be left hollow in a hollow casting. false core: a loose piece in the mould, used for producing a surface of hollowed or complicated form in the casting; called also a drawback. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould ingotc1386 pattern1492 lingot1549 core1728 striker1843 society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > parts or accessories of mould flask1697 sharp1703 core1728 oddside1836 drawback1843 cope1856 nowel1864 rapping plate1876 prod1888 knock-out1893 undercut1909 hot top1917 tundish1926 pipe chaplet1934 natch1941 parting1967 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Foundry The Mould, or Core, (thus call'd from Cœur, as being in the Heart, or Middle of the Statue). 1756 Dict. Arts & Sci. at Foundery of Bells The core..is made of bricks, breaking the corners without to give the masonry its exact rotundity. 1819 H. Reveley Let. to Shelley 12 Nov. The melted metal..may run..into them, and fill up the vacant space left between the core and the shell. 1857 W. C. Lukis Acct. Church Bells 21 The inner mould or core..the shape of the inside of the bell. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 472 The drawbacks, or false cores, made of sand pressed hard (and admitting of taking to pieces by joints). 9. The central bony part of the horn of quadrupeds (a process of the frontal bone); = colk n.¹ b. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > projection on head > horn > core of horn flint1712 slough1721 colk1781 core1842 horn-core1872 1842 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland II. 395 The slug or core on which the horn is moulded. 1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 516/2 Horns..having a position analogous..to that of the osseous cores of the Stags. 1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. vi. 281 The skull was armed with two or three pairs of horn cores. 10. a. The bar or cylinder of soft iron forming the central part of an electro-magnet, or of an induction coil. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > magnet > middle section of core1849 magnet core1889 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > electromagnetic induction > [noun] > induction coil > central part of core1849 1849 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 8) xxxv. 377 The deep-seated magnetic contents of the globe..are just in the condition to act as a soft iron core to the currents round them. 1870 J. Tyndall Lect. Electr. 4 (note) The attraction exerted by electro-magnetic cores or bars of iron. 1881 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism (ed. 2) II. 287 An induction machine without an iron core. b. A unit of magnetic material in a computer; esp. one in which two directions of magnetization represent 0 and 1 and the magnetization remains unchanged until reversed by currents in wires passing through or round the core. So core memory, core store, etc. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > primary storage or main memory > core memory core1950 twistor1957 1950 Jrnl. Appl. Physics 21 49 Magnetic cores with a rectangular hysteresis loop are used in a storage system which requires no mechanical motion and is permanent. 1953 R. D. Kodis et al. in Convention Record of IRE 38 (heading) Magnetic shift register using one core per bit. 1955 Sci. Amer. June 95/1 The units in the system are tiny rings of magnetic material, called ‘cores’. 1959 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 9 Mar. 743/1 The computing equipment consists of: One Ferranti Mercury computer, with four blocks of core store. 1962 Gloss. Terms Automatic Data Processing (B.S.I.) 76 Core store, an array of storage cores used as a magnetic store. 1964 R. F. Ficchi Electr. Interference vii. 114 The computer..has 23 instructions designed to operate with two overlapping core-storage units. 1965 Math. in Biol. & Med. (Med. Res. Council) iv. 192 The core memory size (32000 words of 36 bits each). 1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 303 The individual magnetic cores are strung on fine insulated wires and assembled into flat planes (or arrays) containing 16 to 10,000 cores apiece. 11. The central strand around which the other strands are twisted in a hawser-laid rope (also called heart). Also, the central cord of insulated conducting wires, around which the protecting wire sheathing is twisted, in a telegraph cable. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [noun] > rope or cord > strand of rope > central strand heart1759 heart strand1798 heart yarn1827 core1849 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > piece of metal in other form blank?1590 knee1825 larget1852 strand1876 core1892 undercloak1896 use1955 1849 A. Smith Specif. Patent 12,620 2 A reel or bobbin from which the heart or core for the rope..is supplied. 1852 Mechanics' Mag. 57 392 R. S. Newall was the inventor of wire ropes containing a core of hemp..the application of this invention to electric telegraph rope is most obvious, for it is simply the substitution for the core of hemp of the core of gutta percha containing the electric wires. 1892 Sat. Rev. 27 Feb. 253 (Subm. Teleg.) It was for twenty-five knots of what electricians now call core—namely, copper wire insulated by a covering of gutta percha. In modern cables the core is always protected first by a serving of hemp or jute, and then by an outer sheath of soft steel wires. IV. The central or innermost part, the ‘heart’ of anything.In some of these uses ‘heart’ is of much earlier occurrence; e.g. in heovene hert c1300; the herte of Fraunce, Palsgr. 1530; hert of Oke, Fitzherbert 1525. The employment of core in similar senses appears to have come from the etymological notion of identifying it with Latin cor, and thus with heart. 12. Geology and Astronomy. The differentiated central part of a planet; spec. that of the earth, differing from the mantle and the crust in composition, density, and temperature and believed to be divided into a liquid inner and a solid outer core. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > part of planet terminator1661 belt1665 fascia1704 fibre1715 white spot1784 dayside1827 nightside1848 albedo1860 north pole1861 polar cap1863 core1882 regolith1897 tectonics1899 sediment ring1955 radiation belt1958 palaeo-radius1960 space needle1961 soil1967 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > geosphere > centrosphere or core centre1483 middle eartha1592 mid-earth1849 core1882 centrosphere1898 Nife1909 1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 50 He found that the precessional and nutational movements could not possibly be as they are if the planet consisted of a central core of molten rock surrounded with a crust of twenty or thirty miles in thickness. 1940 R. A. Daly Strength & Struct. Earth i. 1 The earth contains a spheroidal core... The rest of the planet, beneath ocean and atmosphere,..may be distinguished as a whole by the name ‘mantle’. 1978 J. M. Pasachoff & M. L. Kutner University Astron. xiv. 396 Most scientists believe that the Moon's core is molten. 1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans iii. 71 At the planet's center is a core; its radius is 1070 km. This inner core is solid, very dense, magnetized, rich in iron and nickel, and very hot (5000° C). 13. Applied to the heart of timber, etc., and in expressions thence derived. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > heart-wood or duramen heart1324 core1604 spine1630 duramen1837 1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) i. vii. 30 The rhinde and leaves, which shew the nature and goodnesse of both the roote and the kore. 1730 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons 7 Insect-armies..wasteful eat Thro' buds, and bark, into the blacken'd Core, Their eager way. 1818 W. Scott Battle of Sempach x The stalwart men of fair Lucerne..The pith and core of manhood stern. 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 259 One of the great trees, fair and flourishing without, but rotten at the core. 1882 Garden 16 Sept. 251/3 One very large Abele tree, rotten at the core. 14. The innermost part, very centre, or ‘heart’: a. of a superficial area or thing material. ΘΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part hearteOE yolk1340 centruma1398 marrow1434 core1614 kernela1642 centrals1649 nucleus1702 centrepiece1739 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. xii. §5. 216 In the Core of the square she raised a Tower of a furlong high. a1855 C. Brontë Professor (1857) II. xviii. 17 The little plot of ground in the very core of a capital. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiii. 163 Masses of ice..disintegrated to the core. b. of things immaterial; often with figurative reference to the core of a fruit or tree (as in sound at the core or rotten at the core), or to a central nucleus as the seat of strength and resistance, or to the heart: cf. 15a. ΘΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] pitheOE i-cundeeOE roota1325 substancec1330 juicec1380 marrowa1382 formc1385 acta1398 quidditya1398 substantial forma1398 inward1398 savourc1400 inwardc1450 allaya1456 essencya1475 being1521 bottom1531 spirit?1534 summary1548 ecceity1549 core1556 flower1568 formality1570 sum and substance1572 alloy1594 soul1598 inwardness1605 quid1606 fibre1607 selfness1611 whatness1611 essentialityc1616 propera1626 the whole shot1628 substantiala1631 esse1642 entity1643 virtuality1646 ingeny1647 quoddity1647 intimacy1648 ens1649 inbeing1661 essence1667 interiority1701 intrinsic1716 stamen1758 character1761 quidditas1782 hyparxis1792 rasa1800 bone1829 what1861 isness1865 inscape1868 as-suchness1909 Wesen1959 the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > central part > central or innermost part > of something immaterial core1556 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lxxviii. 73 Of my tale the verie carnell or core Must stand on two points. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 419 But the core of all, is, that it sets too great a distance between us. 1675 R. Baxter Catholick Theol. i. ii. 62 This seemth the very core of their error. 1804 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) III. 585 Till that is effected, our system is rotten to the core. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam cv. 165 Bring in great logs and let them lie, To make a solid core of heat. View more context for this quotation 1865 S. Baring-Gould Bk. Were-wolves iv. 52 There is a solid core of fact. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §1. 215 The genius of Chaucer was..English to the core. 15. a. Used, with more or less conscious etymological reference, for ‘heart’. Π 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Oiii^v/1 Y^e Core of an aple, cor ordis. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Si/1 Y^e Couk of an opple, cor ordis.] 1611 T. Momford in T. Coryate Crudities sig. g Well may his name be called Coryate,..of the heart or very Cor of wit. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads vi. 214 He..fed upon the core Of his sad bosom. 1816 L. Hunt Story of Rimini iv. 219 Strike me to the core. 1834 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pilgrims of Rhine iv. 23 The desertion of his dog had touched him to the core. b. heart's core: a Shakespearian expression, perhaps originally a play on core and Latin cor. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > seat of the emotions > [noun] > breast or heart > inmost heart or bottom of heart groundc1175 heart-roota1200 roota1200 heartstring1533 heart of hearts1604 heart's core1604 recess1605 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 71 I will weare him In my harts core, I in my hart of hart. View more context for this quotation 1820 J. Keats Lamia i, in Lamia & Other Poems 14 In the lore Of love deep learned to the red heart's core. 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. ii. 38 Each sob coming from the very core of my heart. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life I. 361 He was a genuine antiquary to the heart's core. Compounds C1. a. (chiefly in branch III) core-bar n. Π 1848 Wilson Specif. of Patent 12,397 12 I also claim the making of said cores by ramming vertically into core boxes, around collapsing core bars. 1857 J. Scoffern et al. Useful Metals & their Alloys 208 Cores for pipes..are built around a hollow cylindrical core-bar. core drying n. Π 1901 Daily Chron. 3 Dec. 2/1 For making steel, heating iron, core-drying. core-iron n. Π 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 89 Core Irons, or Core Rods, rods of wrought iron from ¹/ ₈ inch or ¹/ ₄ to ¹/ ₂ inch in diameter, according to the size of core. 1960 R. Lister Decorative Cast Ironwork 225 Core Irons, bars of iron built into cores to reinforce them. core-lifter n. core-maker n. Π 1884 Birmingham Daily Post 24 Jan. 3/4 Wanted..Coremaker, for Foundry. core-peg n. Π 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 181 The segments are then tied together, placed on a thin core-peg, put into a larger mould. core plug n. Π 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 189 The core-plug required to form the bullet. core-tube n. b. Categories » core-barrel n. Gunnery a long cylindrical iron tube through which cold water is run, used in casting guns to cool them from the interior. core board n. Π 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Core Board, the board against whose edge a core is struck up on a revolving bar. It is commonly termed a loam board. core-box n. a box in which a core is made in founding. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > box in which core is made core-box1874 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. (at cited word) The core is made in a core-box, and has projecting portions, known as core-prints, which rest in the prints of the mold. 1881 Mechanic §629 The use of this core-box..is to enable the iron founder to mould the core. core-casting n. casting with a core to make a cavity in metal. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting > types of iron founding1793 bronze founding1869 chill-casting1879 die-casting1911 core-casting1928 slush casting1930 sand casting1939 gravity die-casting1940 investment casting1946 slipforming1968 pressure casting1973 1928 V. G. Childe Most Anc. East v. 133 The process of core-casting and the invention of the shaft-hole axe. core-drilling n. a method of drilling in which an annular hole is made in the ground and a core extracted; core-sampling. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > drilling for samples core-drilling1903 core-sampling1927 1903 Sci. Amer. 18 July 44/1 Core drilling is indispensable in a great variety of engineering and mining enterprises, affording, as it does, a means for drilling out a sample core or column of rock. 1955 Oxf. Junior Encycl. VIII. 342/1 Further exploration is usually necessary in order to assess the commercial value of the deposit. This information may be obtained by core-drilling. core-loss n. the loss of energy due to hysteresis and to eddy-currents in the core of electric machinery. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > operation of machinery > [noun] > loss of energy core-loss1902 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 418/1 Of the power..imparted to the primary circuit one portion is dissipated by the heat generated in the primary and secondary circuits..and another portion by the iron core losses. 1917 Standard. Rules Amer. Inst. Electr. Eng. 44 Increased core losses due to increased excitation for compensating internal drop under load. 1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 171/2 Core loss, the loss developed as heat in the ferromagnetic core of a magnetic circuit subjected to alternating magnetization. It comprises two components quite different in their origin, namely hysteresis loss and eddy-current loss. core-piece n. a piece forming a core. core-print n. a projecting piece on a pattern to form a recess in the mould, into which the end of the core is inserted. Π 1857 J. Scoffern et al. Useful Metals & their Alloys 499 Core-prints corresponding to the apertures of the connecting links [of a chain]. core-sampler n. a device for extracting a core of material from the ocean floor. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [noun] > apparatus auger1532 corer1927 core-sampler1938 1938 C. S. Piggot in Sci. Monthly Mar. 202 (caption) Comparison of snapper with core sampler. 1950 Ann. Reg. 1949 428 A continuous record of the bottom profile..registered by..200 long cores taken from depths between 2,000 and more than 4,000 fathoms, the integral core-length exceeding one statute mile. 1959 J. Clegg Freshwater Life Brit. Isles xviii. 309 Deeper samples of the mud are obtained by an apparatus called a core-sampler. This will raise an undisturbed core of bottom-deposit many feet in length. core-sampling n. core-drilling in order to obtain a core as a sample of the strata pierced. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > drilling for samples core-drilling1903 core-sampling1927 1927 R. Peele Mining Engineers' Handbk. (ed. 2) ix. 347 The need for more accurate samples has caused rapid improvement in core sampling. core-wall n. a wall of solid masonry forming the core of a dike or dam consisting mostly of earth or sand. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > wall > other types of wall sidewall1381 brick wall1465 outwall1535 parpen1591 parapet1598 inwall?1611 breastwork1673 parapet wall1682 dwarf1718 screen1761 screen wall1770 hollow wall1823 alure1853 curtain wall1859 core-wall1899 blank wall1904 1899 E. Wegmann Design & Constr. Dams (ed. 4) ii. i. 115 Masonry Core-walls are doubtless the best means of insuring water-tightness in an earthen dam. 1899 E. Wegmann Design & Constr. Dams (ed. 4) ii. i. 115 Core-walls for high dams are usually given a stronger section than those for lower ones... The thickness of the core-wall at the natural surface should be about ¹/ ₆ to ¹/ ₇ of the ‘head’ in the reservoir. 1909 H. M. Wilson Irrigation Engin. (ed. 6) xvi. 366 The foundations for a masonry core-wall should always rest only on firm, homogeneous rock. core-wheel n. a mortise wheel in which the recesses for cogs are made by placing cores in the mould in which it is cast. Π 1884 E. H. Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. Core Wheel, a wheel with recesses which answer as the interspaces of cogs, or into which wooden cogs may be driven. C2. a. attributive passing into adj. That forms (a part of) the core or central area of study, etc.; essential, central, basic, fundamental. ΘΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > essential or central cardinal1440 material1603 primal1619 real1620 centrical1659 vital1659 essential1770 nucleal1826 key1832 pivotal1837 keystone1846 pivot1861 quintessential1901 central1902 core1962 1962 Y. Malkiel in F. W. Householder & S. Saporta Probl. Lexicogr. 10 In certain lines of practical work..the need has arisen for precisely circumscribed core vocabularies. 1969 Cultural News from India Nov. 8 Publication of core books... These books..will be of such standard and authority that..all universities will accept them as textbooks or reference literature. 1971 World Archaeol. 3 189 The new ruling minority assimilate rapidly into the core population. 1977 M. Cohen Sensible Words i. 29 Only with Locke..does this problematic aspect of language emerge as a natural consequence of grammatical description in English texts and therefore as a new core idea in linguistics. 1984 Utah Desert News 15 Jan. (Suppl.) 5/1 A core staff and a seemingly endless supply of volunteers. b. core area n. a central geographical area in which characteristic elements are concentrated. ΘΠ the world > the earth > region of the earth > [noun] > containing characteristic elements core area1956 1956 I. S. Maxwell in D. L. Linton Sheffield 128 Characteristically there is a ‘core area’ with wholly Scandinavian names surrounded by a peripheral area containing Scandinavianized or hybrid names. 1970 Toronto Daily Star 24 Sept. 27/1 Almost twice as many children run afoul of the law in certain core areas of the city as in more affluent regions. core curriculum n. that part of a curriculum which is essential or compulsory as opposed to that which is optional. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > [noun] > curriculum core curriculum1935 1935 Calif. Jrnl. Secondary Educ. Feb. 137 (heading) ‘Shall there be a core curriculum in secondary schools?’: a symposium. 1953 School Sci. Rev. Mar. 300 According to the views of some scientists, the professional educator is entirely too profligate in his coinage of high-flung phrases, such as ‘core curriculum’ and ‘societally significant’. 1986 Daily Tel. 7 June 16/5 The new core-curriculum currently under discussion has no place for RE. core time n. in a flexitime working arrangement, a period or portion of the day during which it is compulsory for an employee to be at work. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > [noun] > portion of day allotted to work day1637 working hour1698 work hour1786 business day1796 working day1796 business end1828 eight hours1845 core time1972 1972 Daily Tel. 1 June 7/4 An employee can have his day split into two periods. These would be ‘core time’, when he..must be present, and ‘flextime’, usually at the beginning and end of the working day. Draft additions June 2013 attributive. Economics. Of or relating to underlying trends in prices, exclusive of temporary volatility; spec. of or designating a calculation of inflation which excludes certain items, chiefly food and energy, which are subject to sudden and temporary price fluctuations. Frequently in core inflation. Cf. headline inflation at headline n.² Compounds 3b. ΚΠ 1973 Financial Times 24 Aug. 5/1 Once the U.S. can get past the present bulge in food prices, there was no reason why it should not return to what he [sc. Herbert Stein] called a ‘core’ rate of inflation of about 3½ per cent. 1980 Washington Post 21 July (Business section) 3/3 Today we have a core inflation of 10–11 percent. 1994 J. Tosovsky in F. Capie et al. Future of Central Banking ii. 322 It is very difficult to recognise in a country in transition what is the underlying or core rate of inflation. 2005 Wall St. Jrnl. (Central ed.) 19 Dec. a15/1 Mr. Fukui said..that the nation's core consumer-price index—which he called the Bank of Japan's ‘route marker’ for inflation expectations—would continue to rise gradually. 2012 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 23 May (Business section) 21 It looks likely that headline inflation will now stay at these levels for the next two or three months and core inflation might even nudge back up given weak underlying price pressures this time a year ago. Draft additions 1997 core dump n. [so called originally because the main memory was a core memory: see sense 10b] Computing a dump of the contents of main memory at the time of a crash, usually as an aid to debugging. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > debugging > information aiding snapshot1963 core dump1967 1967 D. H. Stabley System 360 Assembler Lang. (ed. 2) 107 Hexadecimal core dumps may appear to be an unwieldy means of program debugging and analysis. 1978 J. McNeil Consultant xxi. 188 It was bad enough getting the bank's permission to bring a core dump out of the Data Centre. 1988 Byte June 176/2 Another bug resulted in several aborts with core dumps when I pressed PageUp. Draft additions June 2016 core stability n. stability of the low back and pelvis that is achieved by the action of the core muscles of the body; frequently attributive. Π 1996 K. E. Wilk in R. J. Hawkins & G. W. Misamore Shoulder Injuries in Athlete xxv. 359/1 It is critical to establish dynamic joint stability and core stability first. 2003 Ladies' Home Jrnl. Feb. 123/1 Skating requires great core stability—strong abs, back and hips for all of the one-legged moves. 2014 K. G. Knopf Therapy Ball Workbk. 18 This routine will give you a total-body workout, with..core-stability exercises as well as lower-extremity toning. Draft additions June 2016 The trunk of the human body; spec. the muscles of the trunk collectively, chiefly those of the abdominal wall and pelvic floor, which maintain stability of the low back and pelvis, esp. during movement. Frequently attributive, as core exercises, core muscles, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > [noun] bodyeOE lichOE bouka1225 stocka1387 trunka1513 corsage?1518 torso1864 core1972 1972 L. Golombek in R. Ettinghausen Islamic Art in Metrop. Mus. Art 29/1 The arms wind tightly around the core of the body in a constricting movement. 1986 Vogue Feb. 378/2 Women's obsession with having flatter abdominals belies the importance of making these ‘core’ muscles stronger. 1993 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 24 Oct. ii. 1/2 Far more than ballet, modern dancers learn to move from a resilient central core. 1997 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 29 Oct. c12 We do a core workout for the back and stomach, which is important for us to prevent injuries. 2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 27 July d5 The key advantage of the ball is its instability, which forces you to use a variety of muscles to stay balanced. This can be especially useful for strengthening the muscles of the ‘core’ or trunk. 2014 N. Tumminello Strength Training for Fat Loss 53 Exercises such as Romanian deadlifts..could also be considered core exercises because your core is not just your abdominal muscles but all of the muscles that make up your torso. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2019). coren.² Brit. /kɔː/, U.S. /kɔ(ə)r/ Forms: Also cor, 1800s dialect coor. Etymology: apparently an anglicized spelling of French corps body: see corps n.¹ Compare also East Frisian kôr a body of men, < French corps. 1. a. A body of people, a company. (Chiefly Scottish) in core: ‘in company, together’ (Jamieson). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] ferec975 flockOE gingc1175 rout?c1225 companyc1300 fellowshipc1300 covinc1330 eschelec1330 tripc1330 fellowred1340 choira1382 head1381 glub1382 partya1387 peoplec1390 conventc1426 an abominable of monksa1450 body1453 carol1483 band1490 compernagea1500 consorce1512 congregationa1530 corporationa1535 corpse1534 chore1572 society1572 crew1578 string1579 consort1584 troop1584 tribe1609 squadron1617 bunch1622 core1622 lag1624 studa1625 brigadea1649 platoon1711 cohort1719 lot1725 corps1754 loo1764 squad1786 brotherhood1820 companionhood1825 troupe1825 crowd1840 companionship1842 group1845 that ilk1845 set-out1854 layout1869 confraternity1872 show1901 crush1904 we1927 familia1933 shower1936 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 17 That hee was in a Core of People, whose affections he suspected. 1722 W. Hamilton Life of Sir William Wallace xii. iv. 340 Clement..With a brave Company of Gallant Men..in the house of Nairn, with that brave Core. 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 144 Hear me, ye venerable Core, As counsel for poor mortals. 1813 D. Anderson Poems, Eng. & Scotch 80 The lave in core poor Robie blam'd. 1866 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire (Philol. Soc.) 30 To be in core, on friendly terms; as, ‘They're in core wee ane anither’. b. The company of players in a curling match. ΚΠ 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 150 He was the king o' a' the Core, To guard, or draw, or wick a bore, Or up the rink like Jehu roar. 1890 J. Kerr Hist. Curling i. 49 A ‘core’ of matchless weight and power. 1890 J. Kerr Hist. Curling ii. 95 He must have heard the roar of the curling core, as they played on the Nor' Loch beneath. 2. A company or gang of miners working together in one shift. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > company of miners core1778 pair1778 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 318 Core (i.e. Corps body, company, society). Corps..with the Tinners..has also a respect to time, such as their proper change or turn of working. 1857 J. Scoffern et al. Useful Metals & their Alloys 92 In pairs or cores of from two to eight or ten men and boys. 1866 Greatheart III. 6 We'll go and see the forenoon core come up to grass. 1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 14/1 A gang of miners is also called a coor. ‘I belong to the night coor’. 3. A turn of work in a (Cornish) mine; a shift. ΚΠ 1778 [see sense 2]. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products (at cited word) The twenty-four hours are..divided into four cores, commencing with the ‘forenoon core’, at 6 a.m., and ending with the ‘last core by night’, which commences at midnight. 1865 R. Hunt Pop. Romances W. Eng. 1st Ser. 99 It was Jan's last core by day. 1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 14/1 Coor, the time a miner works; eight hours. There are two day and one night coor. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2019). corev. Brit. /kɔː/, U.S. /kɔ(ə)r/ Forms: Also 1600s chore. Etymology: < core n.¹ 1. a. transitive. To take out the core of (fruit). ΚΠ 1597 2nd Pt. Gd. Hus-wives Jewell E viij b Take twelve Quinces, and core them. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. l. 424 Chore such as are to be chored. 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iii. 47 Pare, core, and slice your Apples. 1890 N.Y. Herald 19 Jan. A dish of apples..pared, cored and baked with sugar and cinnamon. †b. To cut out (the core or seed). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing fruit and vegetables > prepare fruit and vegetables [verb (transitive)] > pare parec1300 zest1702 turn1706 core1736 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing fruit and vegetables > prepare fruit and vegetables [verb (transitive)] > remove core core1736 plug1874 1736 Compl. Family-piece i. ii. 102 First pare them and core out the Seed. †c. To extract the ‘core’ or inner part of (a corn or other swelling). Obsolete. (Cf. core n.¹ 3.) ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > removal by surgical means > remove by surgical means [verb (transitive)] > remove core of corea1634 a1634 Marston in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) He's like a corn upon my great toe..he must be cored out. d. Building. Also core out. (See quot. 1881.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > clear of refuse [verb (transitive)] > clear of building materials core out1876 1876 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) ii. iii. 596 Turn, parget, and core the chimney flues. 1881 Oxfordsh. Suppl. Gloss. Core out, to clean out [newly-built] chimneys, etc., by removing pieces of brick and mortar. 1893 N.E.D. at Core Mod. The chimney would not smoke if it had been properly cored. 2. To enclose in the centre, enshrine (in passive). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > enclose in a receptacle or surrounding mass > in or as the centre kernel1652 core1816 1816 L. Hunt Story of Rimini iii. 73 So much knowledge of one's self there lies cored..in our complacencies. 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 252 In all things animate is therefore cored An elemental sameness of existence. 3. Founding. To mould or cast with a core. to core out: to hollow out by using a core. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > found or cast (object) > hollow out using internal mould to core out1865 1865 [implied in: E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind viii. 205 The little bronze bells..are cored castings. (at cored adj. 3)]. 1889 P. N. Hasluck Model Engineer's Handybk. ix. 108 The barrel of the pump may be cored out in the casting. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 4 June 5/1 Its bottom is cored out to fit over the nose of the projectile itself. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2019). > see also also refers to : -corecomb. form > as lemmas C.O.R.E. C.O.R.E. n. U.S. Congress of Racial Equality. ΚΠ 1962 in Amer. Speech (1963) 38 229 An official of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). 1968 Chicago Tribune 9 July i. 21/1 (heading) Chapters in 3 cities drop out of C.O.R.E. extracted from Cn. < n.¹1398n.²1622v.1597 see also as lemmas
随便看	cinnabrian cinnamal cinnamate cinnamene cinnamenes cinnamenyl cinnamenyl- cinnamenylacrylic cinnamenylangelic cinnameïn cinnamic cinnamic acid cinnamic alcohol cinnamic aldehide cinnamide cinnamite coal water coal wharf coal work coal yard coal-based coal-bearer coal-bearing coal-black coal-blende

coren.1

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coren.2

corev.

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coren.¹

coren.²