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单词 alienism
释义

alienismn.

Brit. /ˈeɪlɪənɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈeɪliəˌnɪz(ə)m/, /ˈeɪljəˌnɪz(ə)m/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: alien adj., alien n., -ism suffix.
Etymology: < either alien adj. or alien n. + -ism suffix. In sense 2 after French aliénisme (1863 or earlier; < alién- (in aliéniste alienist n.) + -isme -ism suffix). With sense 1 compare earlier alienage n. and alienship n. With sense 2 compare slightly earlier alienist n.
1. Originally North American. The fact of being a foreigner; alien status or character; otherness.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > non-native inhabitant > condition of being
alienage1677
alienship1759
alienism1783
peregrinityc1850
1783 Votes & Proc. Assembly N.Y. 172 The Senate have passed the Bill, entitled, ‘an Act, declaratory of the Alienism of Persons therein described’.
1808 W. Johnson Rep. Cases Supreme Court State N-Y. 2 381 The prisoner was convicted of murder. On his arraignment, he suggested his alienism, which was admitted.
1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such xviii. 342 Their monetary hold on governments is tending to perpetuate in leading Jews a spirit of universal alienism (euphemistically called cosmopolitanism).
1906 H. James in Harper's Mag. Feb. 406/1 The combination there of their quantity and their quality—that loud primary stage of alienism which New York offers to sight—operates, for the native, as their note of settled possession.
1994 Jrnl. Design Hist. 7 195/2 They rallied against what they saw as the alienism of modernist aesthetics.
2. The study of mental disorders and their treatment; the branch of medicine dealing with this; = psychiatry n. Now historical.Now used esp. with reference to psychiatry in France.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > psychiatry > [noun]
psychiatry1828
psychiatrics1847
alienism1870
psych1895
trick-cycling1901
1870 Med. Gaz. (N.Y.) 22 Jan. 91/2 Every one who has given any attention to the subject of alienism knows how difficult it often is to detect the symptoms of insanity.
1881 Nation 1 Dec. 433/1 As surgery is the very best department in medical science in this country [sc. the United States], alienism is the very worst.
1904 T. Johnstone tr. E. Kraepelin Lect. Clin. Psychiatry i. 3 Even in my own experience it has happened very often that older physicians have regretted their defective knowledge of alienism.
1914 Lancet 10 Jan. 117/1 The action of the Medico-Psychological Association indicates very clearly that in this matter the acknowledged leaders of English alienism are in full sympathy with their junior colleagues.
1979 Internat. Jrnl. Law & Psychiatry 2 249 Robert Castel's study of the establishment of what he terms ‘the golden age of alienism’, or what may be identified..as the golden age of the psychiatric asylum in France, follows from his earlier and longer treatment of psychoanalysis.
2008 Sci. in Context 21 615 This paper considers how certain ideas elaborated by the Montpellier vitalists influenced the rise of French alienism.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1783
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