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单词 court
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courtn.1

Brit. /kɔːt/, U.S. /kɔrt/
Forms: Middle English curt, Middle English kurt, (Middle English courete, curth), Middle English kourt(t, Middle English–1500s curte, cort(e, Middle English–1600s courte, (Middle English courtte, cowrtt, cowurt, kourtt, Middle English–1500s cowrte, 1500s cortte), Middle English– court.
Etymology: Early Middle English curt , court , < Old French cort, curt, later court (from 15th cent. cour ) = Provençal cort , Spanish corte , Italian corte < Latin cohort-em , cōrt-em (nominative cohors , cors , in medieval Latin cortis , curtis ) court, poultry-yard, yard, enclosure, also company of soldiers (cohort n.), crowd of attendants, retinue. At an early date the French word appears to have been associated with Latin cūria (which has not itself survived in Romanic), and hence apparently the series of senses under branches III and IV, in which cūria is the regular medieval Latin equivalent.
I. An enclosed area, a yard.
1.
a. A clear space enclosed by walls or surrounded by buildings; a yard, a courtyard; e.g. that surrounding a castle, or that left for the sake of light, etc. in the centre of a large building or mass of buildings; formerly also a farm-yard, poultry-yard. At Cambridge, the usual name for a college quadrangle.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > courtyard > [noun]
court1377
closec1440
quadrant1443
pryelle1480
base court1490
palace1506
quadranglec1543
courtyard1552
palace courta1679
quad1786
under-ward1826
tetrastoön1838
courtlet1844
riad1881
lapa1886
patio1931
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xv. 466 Riȝt as capones in a court cometh to mennes whistlynge.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9934 Þat castel brightnes sua vngnede Oueral þat curt on lenght and brede.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Sam. xvii. 18 They..came to a mans house at Bahurim, which had a well in his courte.
1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth iv. sig. C.ii Than deuyde the lodgynges by the cyrcuyte of the quadryuyall courte.
1555 R. Eden Briefe Descr. Moscouia in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 259v There are..in the castell..three very large courtes in the which the noble men of the courte haue theyr lodgynges.
1611 Bible (King James) Esther v. 1 Esther..stood in the inner court of the kings house. View more context for this quotation
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 261 And in all the foure Corners of that Court, Faire Staire Cases.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 82 The King came down into the Castle Court.
1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Archit. (1818) 147 Through the entrance you go into the great court.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 147 The jolly train halted before the door of Sir John Ramorny's house, which a small court divided from the street.
1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. iv. 87 Round the cloisters of the vast courts into which these gateways opened were spacious mansions.
b. Each of the uncovered enclosures surrounding the Jewish tabernacle, and constituting the temple area round the fane or sanctuary on Mount Moriah. [Vulgate atrium.]
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > land > [noun] > churchyard > of Jewish tabernacle
court1535
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxiv. 4 Blessed is the man whom thou chosest..that he may dwell in thy courte.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxvii. 12 And for the breadth of the Court, on the West~side shalbe hangings of fifty cubits. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Ps. lxxxiv. 2 My soule longeth, yea euen fainteth for the courts of the Lord. View more context for this quotation
figurative.1619 W. Whately Gods Husbandry 32 The true Christian..hath farre more to doe in the inward roomes of his soule, than in the outer court of his conuersation.1874 J. Morley On Compromise 40 Those who unfortunately have to sit in the darkness of the outer court.
c. A section or subdivision of the area of an exhibition building, a museum, or the like, open above (to the general roof), and usually devoted to the products of a particular country, or department of science, art, or industry.This application of the word appears to have originated in the structure of the building in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The rows of pillars supporting the roof, which crossed each other at right angles, divided the central area into a number of rectangular sections; these being themselves open to the lofty roof, while bordered on two sides by galleries supported by the pillars, suggested courts within buildings, and soon received the name; the term was further extended in the Crystal Palace at Sydenham (as in the Alhambra, Egyptian, Pompeian, and Renaissance Courts), and in later exhibitions has been used with still greater extension; it has also been, with more closeness to the original notion, applied to the central open area of a museum, surrounded by its arcades and galleries.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > an exhibition > [noun] > part of area of exhibition
stagea1400
court1851
1851 Illustr. London News 3 May 364/1 The very nature of the construction of the building suggests its subdivision into courts; and this is distinctly illustrated in the plan of the gallery..there are four of these large courts, and two smaller ones, parallel with the transept in each of these western divisions of the Building..from the gallery these courts form a most interesting feature in the arrangements.
1851 Illustr. London News 31 May 494 The Tunis Court.
1851 Illustr. London News 31 May 495 The Canadian Court..The Building Court.
1854 (title) The Ten Chief Courts of the Sydenham Palace.
1862 Illustr. London News XL. 315/1 (International Exhib.) The French Court will be the largest..section of the foreign department in the whole building.
1886 Colonial & Indian Exhib.: Official Guide 21 The Court devoted to Tea, Coffee, and Tobacco is filled with the largest assortment of specimens ever got together.
1890–1 Kelly's Oxford Directory 43/1 The Oxford University Museum..The main entrance..leading into a large lobby and thence into the great Court, which has a glass roof supported by iron columns and arches..the court is surrounded by an open arcade of two storeys.
†2.
a. A large building or set of buildings standing in a courtyard; a large house or castle. In early times applied to a manorial house; = bury n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > manor house
hallc1000
boroughc1175
court1297
manorc1300
palacec1300
mansion1375
placea1387
manor-place1392
chemis1408
head-place1463
mansion place1473
manse1490
court-hall1552
manery1563
manor house1575
seat1607
country seat1615
great house1623
mansion house1651
country house1664
manor-seata1667
place-house1675
mansion-seat1697
hall-house1702
big house1753
ha'-house1814
manoir1830
manor hall1840
yashiki1863
seigneury1895
stately home1934
stately2009
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 385 Hii by gonne hem to sprede, And robby aboute & berne, & courtes adoun caste.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 546 Curt Lincolne & Berkele, & other courtes also, Were aboute in the lond tho a fure ido.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1685 His wif he dide with him lede, Vn-to þe heye curt [Ubbe's castle] he yede.
c1320 Sir Beues 334 Toward is kourt [v.r. hous] he [Sir Saber] him kende.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 23 Conscience..bad me come to his courte, with clergye sholde I dyne.
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 232 The name of Aldermans bury (which is to say a court) there kept in their Bery, or Court hall.
1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Court, the principal house in a village.
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. Court, or Court lodge, the manor house, where the court leet of the manor is held.
b. Often in proper names of English manor-houses, e.g. Hampton Court, Tottenham Court.
ΚΠ
a1529 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte (?1545) 401 To whyche court? To the kynges courte, Or to Hampton Court?
c1630 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1714) II. 89 This Nutwell Court (which signifies a Mansion-house in a Seigniory).
1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. ii. 15 Delightful Abs-court, if its Fields afford Their Fruits to you, confesses you its Lord.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Audley Court in Poems (new ed.) II. 42 Let us picnic there At Audley Court.
3. In a town: A confined yard or more or less quadrangular space opening off a street, and built around with houses; ‘a small opening inclosed with houses and paved with broad stones, distinguished from a street’ (Johnson).In towns, usually tenanted by the poor, except where, as in the City of London, they have been converted into business offices, e.g. Copthall Court, Hatton Court (Threadneedle Street), and the like.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > open space > court
court1687
1687 London Gaz. No. 2298/3 He liv'd in Drury-lane in King's-Head-Court.
1799 tr. J. H. Meister Lett. Resid. Eng. 178 Lanes and Courts [in London] are passages through which no carriage can pass, and, therefore, they are commonly paved in the same manner as the footways.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila i. v. 34 He..continued his way with rapid strides, through various courts and alleys.
1847 A. Smith Christopher Tadpole (1848) xix. 177 The shop..was situated in a little narrow court.
1885 Liverpool Daily Post 30 June 4/6 A city-bred child, brought up in narrow, dingy streets and courts.
4. An enclosed quadrangular area, uncovered or covered, with a smooth level floor, in which tennis, rackets, or fives are played; the plot of ground marked out for lawn tennis; also applied to each of the quadrangular divisions marked on such grounds. (See tennis court n., etc.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > [noun] > court
court1519
1519 in J. S. Brewer Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1867) (modernized text) III. 11 The tennis court at Richmond.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 545/1 He would tosse him some London balles that perchance would shake the walles of the best court in France.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V i. ii. 265 Tell him he hath made a match with such a wrangler, That all the Courts of France shall be disturbd with chases.
1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. 84 Tennis..is a Pastime, used in close or open Courts, by striking a little Round Ball to and fro..with..a Racket.
1878 J. Marshall Ann. Tennis 115 In order to understand the game of Tennis, one should first of all become acquainted with the arena, or Court, in which it is played.
1878 J. Marshall Ann. Tennis 117 The area enclosed between the lines x and p, and the walls, may be called the service-court; and the area enclosed between x, p, h, and the main wall, the pass-court.
II. A princely residence, household, retinue.
5. The place where a sovereign (or other high dignitary) resides and holds state, attended by his retinue.This sense is said to have arisen in Old French, the name curt being applied to the residences of the early Frankish kings on their rural domains: see Littré, and cf. sense 2. But the actual history is involved in obscurity from the paucity of early evidence.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > dwelling of king or ruler > [noun]
hall971
fleta1000
saleOE
courta1175
palacec1300
praetoryc1384
praetorium1536
serail1585
seraglio1589
serai1617
sirkar1619
alcazar1623
alkedavy1631
palaisc1660
Residenz1824
istana1839
arch-house1876
a1175 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 231 An rice king..wolde..ȝeclepien all his under-þeod þat hi..to his curt [berie] come sceolde.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. viii. 15 Þei..knowen contrees and courtes and many kynnes places.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 646 He..Is riden in to the feldes hym to pleye Out of the Court. were it a myle or tweye.
1480 W. Caxton tr. Trevisa Descr. Eng. 17 The messagers of Rome came to the grete Arthurs court.
1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Luke vii. 25 They which are gorgeously apparelled and lyue delicatly are in kynges courtes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. iii. 39 Mistris, dispatch you with your safest haste, And get you from our Court . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 497 In Courts and Palaces he also Reigns And in luxurious Cities. View more context for this quotation
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 509 The quarters of William now began to present the appearance of a court.
6.
a. The establishment and surroundings of a sovereign with his councillors and retinue.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the sovereign and ministers > establishment or surroundings of
court?c1225
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 156 Ach ha libbeð to þe feont & beoð alle in his hird & serueð him in his curt.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 256 Ac ulatours and lyeȝeres byeþ to grat cheap ine hare cort.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) vi. 18 Þe maner of his [the Soudan's] courte schold I wele ynogh ken.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii 62 When the Court lay at Windsor. View more context for this quotation
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. v. v. sig. Ll1v It will..be imitated by all those on whom the Court has Influence.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 9 Pictures of the reigning Beauties in the Court of France.
1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. vi. 93 Charles appears to have designed that his Court should resemble the literary Court of the Medici.
1851 Ld. Tennyson To Queen 25 May children of our children say..‘Her court was pure’.
b. without article or other defining word ( at court, to court, etc.), primarily meaning the place, but including the persons and proceedings. Cf. at church, council, school, etc.
ΚΠ
c1300 Beket 165 He com to court and was in god offiz With the Archebischop of Canterbury.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 140 And peyned hire to countrefete chiere Of court and been estatlich of manere.
a1529 J. Skelton (title) Why come ye nat to Courte?
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11527 All the councell fro kourtt was clenely depertid.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. iv. 127 You shall be mist at Court . View more context for this quotation
a1704 T. Brown Ess. Eng. Satyr in Wks. (1707) I. i. 38 His Writings..had the Air of Court.
1759 S. Johnson Idler 7 July 209 I appeared at Court on all publick days.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 206 I go in state to court, to meet the Queen.
c. the Court: as an institution.
ΚΠ
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 264/4 She norysshed them more for desert than for the courte.
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aa3/2 The court's a schoole indeed, in which some few Learne vertuous principles.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 22 Every one is tir'd with being here, but the Court enervates our Resolution.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iii. ii. 66 Love rules the court, the camp, the grove.
d. elliptical. A court shoe. Also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > [adjective] > with heel > with specific type of heel
corked1519
high-heeled1618
high heel1677
red-heeled1709
low-heel1712
stilt-heeled1772
court1903
wedge-heeled1939
Cuban-heeled1940
spike-heeled1953
stiletto-heeled1959
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > with specific heels > high heels
high shoe1606
heels1667
court shoe1885
spike heel1929
stiletto heel1931
wedge-heel1939
wedge shoe1939
wedge sole1939
wedgie1940
court1959
wedge1959
pump1967
stilt heel1973
Manolo Blahnik1988
1903 in S. Nowell-Smith Edwardian Eng. (1964) iv. plate xviii (b) Ditto in Court Shape 8/9.
1959 Vogue Pattern Bk. June–July 14 Accessory suggestions..Lotus calf courts.
7.
a. The body of courtiers collectively; the retinue (councillors, attendants, etc.) of a sovereign or high dignitary. (Construed as plural.)
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > courtier > body of
courta1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5244 Ioseph of his fader herd, Wit his curt gain him he ferd.
a1400–50 Alexander 981 A crie þat all þe curte kniȝtis and erles Suld put þaim in-to presens his precep to here.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 7 Whan the kynge of alle beestis had assemblid alle his court.
1600 J. Ruthven Earle of Gowries Conspiracie sig. A2 All the huntsmen..attending his Majestie on the green, and the Court making to their horses.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 198 In the presence of the Great Duke of Tuscany and his court.
1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xxii If the king and the whole court are standing by!
1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 226 One morn when all the court, Green-suited..Had been, their wont, a-maying.
†b. An escort. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 22 Wallace sum-part befor the court furth raid.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 381 Part of the court had Wallace labour seyne.
8.
a. The sovereign with his ministers and councillors as the ruling power of a state, or in international relations. (Construed as singular.)
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the sovereign and ministers
court1393
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 163 In Chambre whom the court avaunceth.
1651 E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 234 To give you some pertinent notice of the affaires of the French court.
1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. xii. iii. 641 An assignment granted to him by the court of Delhi.
1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 622 The two cabinets whose union had caused the northern courts so much uneasiness.
1893 N.E.D. at Court Mod. Accredited as ambassador to the Court of St. James's.
b. Court of Rome n. the papal Curia.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > papal court (Curia) > [noun]
Court of Romec1290
pontifical1629
the Curia1840
Vatican1909
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 25/50 Þe erende þat huy brouȝten fram þe court of Rome.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 1 He wente vnto þe courte of Rome, For to tak his penance.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 12 In þe court of Rome mai no man geyt no grace, but if it be bowt.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. ii. 105 The Court of Rome commanding. View more context for this quotation
III. An assembly held by the sovereign.
9. A formal assembly held by the sovereign at his residence: in early times, of his councillors and great lords, for purposes of administration; in later times to give state receptions, audience to ambassadors, and the like. The early use has given rise to the ‘high court of parliament’ (sense 10), and ‘the king's courts’ of justice (sense 11); the modern use is naturally associated with senses 6, 7, as in to be presented at court.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of
morn-speechOE
court1154
morrow-speech1183
conventicle1382
congregation1389
plenary session1483
journeyc1500
night school1529
assession1560
general meeting1565
family meeting1638
panegyris1647
desk1691
collegea1703
annual general meeting1725
mass meeting1733
panegyre1757
plenum1772
family council1797
coterie1805
Round Table1830
GA1844
indignation meeting1848
protest meeting1852
hui1858
primary1859
Quaker meeting1861
mothers' meeting1865
sit-down1868
town hall1912
jamboree1919
protest rally1921
con1940
face-to-face1960
morning prayers1961
struggle meeting1966
be-in1967
love-in1967
plenary1969
catch-up1972
rencontre1975
schmoozefest1976
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of deliberative or legislative assembly > [noun] > assembly held by sovereign
hustinga1030
court1154
kine-mootc1225
1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) And [Henri] held þær [in Lundene] micel curt. [The regular phrase said of earlier kings was ‘heold his hired’: cf. 1085, 1091, 1106, 1110.]
1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Cymon & Iphigenia in Fables 543 In that sweet Isle, where Venus keeps her Court.
1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 331 At Berlin, the Court was only held on Sundays.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 8 For Arthur on the Whitsuntide before Held court at old Caerleon upon Usk.
1876 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxx, in Monthly Packet Sept. 215 He..journeyed to York, and held court there for a week.
IV. A court of judicature, of law, or of administration.
10. Applied to Parliament. Cf. Spanish Cortes.
ΚΠ
1450 Impeachm. Duke of Suffolk in Paston Lett. (1904) II. 126 We..pray that this be enacte in this your High Courte of Parlement.
a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie (1648) viii. sig. Cc3 Parliament being a meer temporall Court.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. ii. 133 Now call we our high court of parliament, And let vs chuse such limbs of noble counsaile. View more context for this quotation
1662 Bk. Com. Prayer A Prayer for the High Court of Parliament, to be read during their Session.
11.
a. An assembly of judges or other persons legally appointed and acting as a tribunal to hear and determine any cause, civil, ecclesiastical, military, or naval.Justice was in early times administered in assemblies held by the sovereign personally (sense 9), then by judges who followed the king as officers of his court; hence the title the King's Courts (curia regis).In this sense more fully defined as court of law, law-court, court of justice, court of judicature. These are distinguished as superior or inferior, according to their respective rank, the highest court of a country or state being called the Supreme Court. court of first instance: a court in which a matter must first be tried, as distinguished from a court of appeal, to which it may subsequently be carried. court of record: see quot. 17652.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun]
court1297
justicec1300
benchc1325
consistoryc1386
King's Courtc1400
open court?1456
justiciary1486
justry1489
seat1560
civil court1567
tribunal1590
judicatory1593
judicature1593
law-court1619
judiciary1623
jurisdiction1765
forum1848
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of first instance
lower court1577
court of first instance1864
trial court1890
society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > [noun]
chaptera1300
Court Christianc1405
spiritual court1481
bum-court1544
Court of Christianity1573
church court1644
court1864
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > high court
High Court of Parliament1399
High Justice1654
Sudder1834
palace of justice1835
Supreme Court1888
Crown Court1970
1292 Britton i. i. §1 En dreit de nous mesures et de nostre Curt.
1292 Britton i. i. §11 Sauve les Justices qi suivent nous en nostre Court.]
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 471 The king wolde, that in is court the ple solde be driue.
c1300 Beket 606 That he scholde fram thulke curt biclipie to the kynge.
c1320 Cast. Love 239 In þe kynges court ȝit vche day Me vseþ þulke selue lay.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 173 Þe courte opon him sat, þe quest filed him & schent.
1490 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 91 The serch and the copy of the wrytts, out of one cort to another costeth much money.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 240 I doe beseech the Court to giue the iudgement. View more context for this quotation
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 335 Hee hath refusd it in the open Court . View more context for this quotation
1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing Pref. sig. A3v The Court hath now also ordered, That the said Decree shall speedily be Printed.
1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 94v The greater part are Courts of record, some are not, and therfore accounted base Courts in comparison of the others.
c1670 T. Hobbes Dial. Com. Laws (1840) 25 A court of justice is that which hath cognizance of such causes as are to be ended by the positive laws of the land.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 257 He [the king] therefore has alone the right of erecting courts of judicature.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 24 A court of record is that where the acts and judicial proceedings are enrolled in parchment for a perpetual memorial and testimony.
1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. at Pleading i. §2 This would often embarrass the jury, and sometimes the Court itself.
1864 Spectator No. 1875. 641 This new Court is to be in ecclesiastical matters a Court of first instance.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar x. 110 The courts of the Equites..were to be composed two-thirds of knights and one-third only of senators.
1886 J. Morley Pop. Culture in Crit. Misc. III. 16 In crimes and contracts, and the other business of courts of law.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xlii. 112 The Judiciary in every State includes three sets of courts:—A supreme court or court of appeal; superior courts of record; local courts.
b. With many specific qualifications indicating the sphere, business, or constitution of the court, asbase n.1, burgh n., circuit n., county n.1 and adj., criminal adj. and n., customary n.1, forest n., hundred n. and adj., insolvent adj. and n., manorial adj., police n., sheriff n., etc.: C. ofadmiralty n., arches n., attachment n., augmentation n., chancery n., chivalry n., Common Pleas n., equity n., guestling n.1, High commission n.1, justiciary n.2, King's or Queen's bench n., lodemanage n., piepowder n., probate n., session n., stannary n., teind n., trailbaston n., ward n.2 2d, etc., for which see these words.
c. Court of Claims n. a court in which claims are adjudicated on; in U.S. a court sitting at Washington for the investigation of claims against the government; also, in some States, a county-court charged with the financial business of the county.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts with other specific jurisdictions
marshalseaa1400
oyer and terminer1469
High Commission1581
jail-delivery1612
Court of (the) Verge1647
palace court1685
Court of Claims1691
Industrial Court1852
brewster sessions1883
traffic court1896
family court1917
1691 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 314 Many Irish were come to Dublin..to demand their estates, which were restored..a court of claimes will be sett up there to decide such matters.
d. Court of Conscience n. a small debt court; = Court of Requests at sense 11f. court of conscience (figurative): conscience as a moral tribunal.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court dealing with debt or bankruptcy
Court of Conscience1603
Court of Requests1603
Court of Inquest1706
county court1846
bankruptcy court1864
1603–4 Act 1 James I c. 14 §1 The Court of Requestes comonlie called The Courte of Conscience, in the Guild Hall of the same Citie.
1603 T. Dekker et al. Patient Grissill sig. B4v Signior Emulo has warn'd my Master to the court of Conscience.
1689 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 563 An act for erecting a court of conscience at Newcastle upon Tine.
1798 W. Hutton Life 123 Courts of Requests or Courts of Conscience, for the recovery of small debts, were first established in the reign of Henry VIII., and they now exist under local Acts, in many populous places.
1845 Act 8 & 9 Vict. c. 127 §10 Every Judge of any such Court of Requests, or Conscience..shall be removable by the Lord Chancellor for Misbehaviour or Incapacity.
e. court of love n. an institution said to have existed in southern France in the Middle Ages, a tribunal composed of lords and ladies deciding questions of love and gallantry; such an institution in medieval literature.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [noun] > tribunal deciding on matters of love
court of lovec1530
c1530 Crt. of Love (1897) 410 Commaunding me the Court of Love to see.., There Citherea goddesse was and quene.
1840 R. Browning Sordello ii. 47 Eglamor whose lay Concludes his patron's Court of Love to-day.
1877 C. M. Yonge Womankind (ed. 2) xxi. 161 The courts of love in Provence were to decide on the cases of fantastic adoration between knights and ladies.
1933 R. Tuve Seasons & Months iv. 170 The chariot of Phebus the sun..remained as mere learned decoration in Scottish court-of-love poems.
1964 F. White West of Rhone v. 69 At Bordeaux..great ladies held Courts of Love at which they awarded prizes to the troubadours who sang the sweetest songs.
f. Court of Requests (also, in sense 11f(b) and 11f(c), Court of Request).
(a) A court of equity dealing with petitions for relief to the King or Queen, presided over by the Lord Privy Seal and the Master of Requests and virtually abolished during the reign of Elizabeth I. Now historical.On the origin and history of the court see J.S. Leadam Select Cases in Court of Requests (1898).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of record > types of
King's Benchc1390
Court of Requests1487
chancery1523
1487 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1941) 56 301 The same day..there passed a byll for the Court of Request that it is annulled, and it shall be occupied no more.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cliii. f. lxxxii A court or counceyll,..lyke vnto the Court of requestys, nowe at this day holden in Englonde.
1529 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) Introd. 14 Hereafter folowe the names of such Counseillours as be appoynted for the heryng of power mennes causes in the Kynges courte of Requestes.
a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 26 The Court of Requests, that specially heareth the Suits of poore men, and the Princes servants.
1640–4 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 1 The King..came Accompanied with his Nobles through Westminster-hall and the Court of Requests, to the Abbey.
1669 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 2) xii. 217 He [the Lord Privy Seal] is by his Place of the Kings Privy Council, and Chief Judge of the Court of Requests, when it shall be re-continued.
1680 J. Dryden in N. Lee Cæsar Borgia Prol. sig. A4 One Theatre there is of vast resort, Which whilome of Requests was call'd the Court.
1735 Court Mercury (title page) In the Passage leading from Westminster-Hall to the Court of Request.
1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 421 A kind of hall.., called the Court of Requests, used chiefly by those who attend the parliament to walk in.
1838 T. B. Macaulay Sir William Temple in Ess. (1887) 484 When he [Swift] stood in the Court of Requests, with a circle of gartered peers round him.
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) vii. 78 We have heard of Fox's Book of Martyrs, I believe, and we have heard of the Court of Requests, and the Star Chamber.
1907 E. Percy Privy Council under Tudors vii. 47 The Court of Requests..had been active..since the beginning of Henry VII's reign.
1979 P. Williams Tudor Regime (BNC) (1991) 87 In 1589 Richard Lane asked for the reversion to the post of attorney in the Court of Requests.
(b) A local court for the recovery of small debts.The constitution and practice of these courts varied in different localities; they were abloished by the County Court Act of 1846, with the exception of the City of London court which was assimilated into the ordinary County Court system by the County Court Act of 1888.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court dealing with debt or bankruptcy
Court of Conscience1603
Court of Requests1603
Court of Inquest1706
county court1846
bankruptcy court1864
1603–4 Act 1 James I c. 14 §1 The Court of Requestes comonlie called The Courte of Conscience, in the Guild Hall of the same Citie.
1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) iii. x. 355 There is a Court of Request or Conscience, so call'd, because medling with nothing above 40s. value.
1749 Act 22 Geo. II c. 47 §1 Such Commissioners are hereby constituted a Court of Justice, by the Name of The Court of Requests for the Town and Borough of Southwark.
1798 W. Hutton Life 123 Courts of Requests or Courts of Conscience, for the recovery of small debts, were first established in the reign of Henry VIII., and they now exist under local Acts, in many populous places.
1837 2nd Rep. Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales 12 There are two Courts of Requests within the limits of the Corporate jurisdiction; one for London..and the other for Southwark.
1845 Act 8 & 9 Victoria c. 127 §10 Every Judge of any such Court of Requests, or Conscience..shall be removable by the Lord Chancellor for Misbehaviour or Incapacity.
1882 W. Ballantine Some Exper. Barrister's Life ii. 24 Here and there in the metropolis were dotted small debts courts..called Courts of Request.
1991 H. Barty-King Worst Poverty (BNC) By 1830 the number of towns which had obtained Acts of Parliament to have their own Courts of Requests..had risen to fifty-four.
(c) In India under British rule: a court for the recovery of small debts composed of military officers, held in districts which are outside the jurisdiction of any ordinary court of this kind. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court dealing with debt or bankruptcy > in India
Court of Requests1876
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 338/1 In each military cantonment a court of request is assembled monthly, and all persons are amenable to it except soldiers in the ranks.
1879 Act 42 & 43 Vict. c. 33 §142 Courts of request under this Act shall in all practicable cases consist of five officers.
g. court of honour n. a court or tribunal for determining questions concerning the laws or principles of honour, as the courts of chivalry which formerly existed in Europe.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of chivalry
court of honoura1586
Court of Chivalry1616
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) xx. sig. Cc2 She chose..rather to bestowe her loue..vpon me, then to recompence him, whose loue..might seeme (euen in the court of Honour) iustly to claime it of her.
1610 E. Bolton Elements of Armories xxvi. 142 Those colours [sc. white and yellow] are in the Court of honour exempt from the name, and nature of colours.
1687 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 413 His majestie haveing required the duke of Norfolk, earl marshall of England, to hold..a court of honour, his grace hath appointed the 5th of Octob. next to keep it.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (1800) III. vii. 104 This court of chivalry..As a court of honour, it is to give satisfaction to all such as are aggrieved in that point.
1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 4 Your valuable Journal serves, among other useful purposes, as a Court of Honour, to which any Member of the Faculty may appeal, respecting the misconduct of another.
1894 Athenæum 21 July 97/1 To establish a ‘Court of Honour’ in matters journalistically professional.
1904 Assembly Herald May 270/1 Look at this whole question of ministerial support with a fair-conditioned mind as a member of the Court of Honor.
1995 Leader (Canada) Mar. 17/1 Perhaps all five Scouts could make up the Court of Honour.
12.
a. The place, hall, or chamber in which justice is judicially administered.In many phrases senses 11, 12 are blended; cf. 12b.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21435 Bath to þe quenes curt þai com, þe Iuu thrali badd giue him dom.]
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19139 Þai gaderit oute baþe prince and priste, And set þaim in þat curte imide.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 29 Reynart..wente forth proudly with his neueu thurgh the hyest street of the courte.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 210/1 Court where men plede, avditoir.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 13 Goe one and call the Iew into the Court . View more context for this quotation
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 58 a Court is a place where Iustice is iudicially ministred.
1862 A. Trollope Orley Farm II. xv. 117 But won't she have to go and sit in the court,—with all the people staring at her?
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Feb. 6/1 The Master of the Rolls: What is a court? This remarkably ugly room is called a court, but it is not the ugly room that is a court. It is a court because we sit in it.
b. without article or other defining word ( in court, into court, etc.), including place and proceedings. Also in phrases, as †men of court (= men of law), †attorneys of court, Inn of Court n. at inn n. Phrases 2a(a). See also out of court adv.
ΚΠ
a1225 Leg. Kath. 398 Tu schalt, þu motild, to curt cumen seoðen.
1399 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) I. 409 They cared ffor no coyffes That men of court usyn.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9478 Þis es bot lagh..Vsed in curth þis ilk dai.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 700 To corte quen þou schal com, Þer alle oure causez schal be tryed.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 95 Men of lawe, And attorneyes of court.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 17 This yere was a grete debate arose betwene Flet strete and the howsys of corte.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. ii. 9 It is his Highnesse pleasure, that the Queene Appeare in person, here in Court . View more context for this quotation
1713 A. Pope Narr. Frenzy of John Denn 24 Producing further Proofs of this Truth in open Court.
1883 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 11 596 A barrister may be..reprimanded by the judge if he misconducts himself in court.
1893 N.E.D. at Court Mod. The case had been already settled out of court.
13.
a. A session of a judicial assembly; usually in to hold (†keep) a court. (Cf. sense 9.)
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > a or the session of a court > [noun]
court1297
term1525
justice day1616
1292 Britton i. i. §13 Et volums ausi, qe..soint les Courtz tenues par les suytours.]
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 538 The constable of Gloucetre..Held ofte, in the kinges name, courtes ver & ner.
14.. Customs of Malton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 58 Thay schall haffe two Ballyffes and two undyr Ballyffes..for to hold the fore sayd cowrtt of ther own fre will.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. iv. 43 Of these matters therfore there was kepte a courte agaynst Menelaus.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 27 The Archbishop Of Canterbury..Held a late Court at Dunstable. View more context for this quotation
c1774 T. Hutchinson Diary I. 69 The Superior Court was to be held the next morning in Boston.
1803 Gazetteer Scotl. Forfar,..the county town of Angusshire, where the sheriff has held his courts for upwards of two centuries.
†b. A council of war. (Cf. court-martial v.).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > council of war
council of war1623
court1623
1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 73 When the Reare was come vp, immediately he called a Court of Coronels and Captaines.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 302 A Souldier..sneezing at a Court of War the whole Company bowed and blessed the Gods.
14. An assembly or meeting of the qualified members of a company or corporation ( general court) or of the managing board or council thereof ( court of assistants, court of committees, court of directors, court of governors, according to the style of these in different corporations); also, the qualified members or board collectively.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of deliberative or legislative assembly > [noun] > of a company or corporation
common hall1478
court1527
brotherhood1683
1527 Minute-book of the Mercers' Company (London) The Courte of our Compeny holden the 5th day of March 1456.
1555 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 295 The Gouernour, Consuls, Assistants and whole company assembled this day in open court.
1556 Minute-bk. Grocers' Co., London (heading) Courte of Assistaunts.
1600 Charter E. Ind. Co. 31 Dec. At any of their publick Assemblies, commonly called their General Court, holden for the said Company.
1608 (title) Letter from the factors at Bantam to the Court of Committees of the East India Company, 4th Dec.
1619–20 Order & Constit. Virginia 4 Rule 14 The Treasurer and the Counseil, or the Court, haue power to admit any into this Society.
1619–20 Order & Constit. Virginia 4 Rule 18 It shall not be counted a Court of Comitties, vnless the Treasurer or Deputie with sixe Comitties be present.
1628 Charter of Chas. I to Mattachusetts Bay Co. The said governor, deputy governor, and assistants of the said company..shall or may..assemble and hold and keep a court or assembly of themselves for the better ordering and directing of their affairs.
1661 Charter of Chas. II to E. Ind. Co. 3 At any public Assembly commonly called the Court General, holden for the said Company.
1694 Charter Bank of Eng. in Penny Cycl. III. 380/1 That thirteen or more of the said governors and directors..shall constitute a Court of Directors.
1713 London Gaz. No. 5097/1 The Sovereign, Recorder, Burgesses, Freemen, and Commonalty of Your Majesty's..Corporation of Kinsale, assembled at a Court of Deer-hundred.
1722 Act Incorp. Guy's Hosp. 15 Subject to the approbation or disallowance of a General Court or Assembly of such intended Corporation.
1726 Craftsman No. 5 (1727) 43 This day was held here [i.e. at the East India House] a general Court of the United Company of Merchants of England.
1829 J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) p. vii The Master, Wardens, and Court of Assistants of the Worshipful Company of Grocers.
1833 Act renewing Charter of Bank of Eng. in Penny Cycl. III. 383/1 A general Court of Proprietors of the Bank shall be held.
1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 118/1 The senior law-officers of the city have seats in the court [of Common Council], but have no vote... The sheriffs attend the lord-mayor on state occasions and at every court of aldermen.
1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 119/1 Certain senior members of the livery, who form what is commonly called ‘The Court of Assistants.’
1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 43 There are eighteen directors of the East-India Company, ten or more of whom constitute a ‘court’.
15. General Court: the designation of the legislatures of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, as Colonies and as States of the American Union.The former is the continuation of the ‘general court’ of the Massachusetts Bay Company, in preceding sense.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts in U.S.
General Court1628
county court1639
praetorial1639
precinct court1669
supreme bench1767
Supreme Court1787
justice court1793
oyer and terminer1840
circuit-court1843
chancery1850
1628 Charter of Chas. I to Mattachusetts Bay Co. Held and kept by the governor, or deputy governor of the said company, and seven or more of the said assistants..which four general assemblies shall be styled and called the four great and general courts of the said company.
1662 Massach. Colony Laws c. 108 (1814) 211 It is ordered by this court and the authority thereof, that, etc.
1691 Massach. Province Charter (1814) 8 Which said great and general court or assembly shall consist of the governor and council or assistants for the time being; and of such freeholders of our said province or territory as shall be..elected or deputed by the..inhabitants of the respective towns or places.
1726 Explan. Charter of Geo. I The representatives..shall..elect a fit person out of the said representatives to be speaker of the house of representatives in such general court.
1776 Massach. Prov. Laws 10 Geo. III, c. 328 An act providing for a more equal representation in the General Court.
1777 Massach. Prov. Laws (10 Geo. III, c. 335, 1 Ind) (1814) 701 Whereas the King of Great Britain hath abdicated the government of this and the other United States of America, by putting them out of his protection, and unjustly levying war against them..Be it therefore enacted by the council and house of representatives in general court assembled, and by the authority of the same, that, etc.
1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) at Court In New England this word is applied to a legislative body composed of a House of Representatives and a Senate; as the General Court of Massachusetts.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 24 The Court of Massachusetts ordered, in 1649 [etc.].
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xxxvii. 24 The general court receives power to establish judicatories.
16. By some Friendly Societies, originally and particularly the Foresters, used as the name for a distinct local branch, corresponding to the ‘lodge’, ‘tent’, etc. of other Societies; also a meeting of such a branch, and of the central body (High Court n.).Adopted from the style of the Court of the Forest or forest-court n. at forest n. Compounds 2; cf. the similar use of the terms Ranger, Woodward, etc.
ΚΠ
1851 C. Hardwick Friendly Soc. 9 In January, 1850, the foresters consisted of 1553 courts (as they are named) comprising 80,089 members.
1886 (title) Rules of Court ‘Loyal Oxonian’ No. 2991, Branch of the Ancient Order of Foresters.
1886 Rules of Court ‘Loyal Oxonian’ No. 2991, Branch of the Ancient Order of Foresters Rule 23 The Beadles..shall not admit into Court any but members of the Order.
1890 Rep. Chief Registrar Friendly Soc. 31 The ‘Royal Order [of Foresters]’ by August 1834 had opened 358 courts..In that year..a disruption took place, and the ‘Ancient Order’ was founded, drawing away to itself..294 courts of the Royal Order.
1890 Rep. Chief Registrar Friendly Soc. 224 United Sisters Friendly Society, Suffolk Unity..Cambridge Court..Cowen Court..Loyal Clifford Court.
V. Homage, favour.
17.
a. Homage such as is offered at court; attention or courtship shown to one whose favour, affection, or interest is sought: in to make or pay (one's) court to [ < French faire la cour, faire sa cour à] = court v. 3, 4 (With quot. 1590, cf. accourt v.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > respectful attention
observancec1425
court1590
courtship1597
attendancya1600
observancy1601
observation1605
courting1607
assiduity1641
observantness1727
peculiarity1747
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > show respect for > pay respectful attention to
observec1440
court1590
to make or pay (one's) court to1590
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > flatter servilely or curry favour with [verb (transitive)]
flatter1340
to claw the back ofc1394
to pick a thank (also thanks)c1422
clawc1425
to claw by the sleeve1509
to claw by the backa1542
fawna1568
to make or pay (one's) court to1590
adulate1612
hug1622
sycophant1637
to make up to1701
to whip it in with1702
cultivate1706
incense1708
to wheedle in with1726
to grandfather up1747
slaver1794
toad1802
to play up to ——1809
nut1819
toady1827
bootlick1846
to suck up to1860
lickspittle1886
jolly1890
bum-suck1918
arse-lick1919
to cosy up to1937
brown-nose1948
ass-kiss1951
ass-lick1962
love-bomb1976
the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > pay amorous attention to [verb]
to make or pay (one's) court to1716
attention1752
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > seeking marriage > seek in marriage [verb (transitive)] > court or woo
wooc1290
court1580
suitc1586
accourt1590
sue1596
pretend1652
suitor1672
to make or pay (one's) court to1716
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii.ix. sig. V3 Him the Prince with gentle court did bord.
1667 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) II. 24 I went to make court to the Duke and Duchess of Newcastle, at their house in Clerkenwell.
1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe i. 8 Flatter me, make thy Court, and say, It did.
1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull in his Senses ii. iv. 17 All the Servants in the Family made high Court to her.
1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 267 At Supper..the Men have the permission of paying their Court.
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. ii. 11 His court being rather made to her mamma than to herself.
c1850 Arabian Nights (Rtldg.) 126 I went every day at certain hours to pay my court to the king.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule iv. 55 Forgetting all the court that should have been paid to a pretty woman.
1875 M. Pattison I. Casaubon 29 Casaubon..had probably fallen in love with Estienne's MSS. collections, before he began to pay his court to the daughter.
†b. ? Favour, influence. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 314 Let Christ's love bear most court in your soul and that court will bear down the love of other things.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 351 I am in some piece of court with our great King.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations:
a. in sense ‘of or belonging to a royal court’, as court-amour, court-attendant, court-ball, court-beauty, court-breeding, court-bubble, court-chamberlain, court-chaplain, court-contempt, court-dressmaker, court-ease, court-faction, †court-familiar, court-fashion, court-favour, court-favourite, court-flatterer, †court-frump, †court-fucus, court-intrigue, court-lady, court-life, court-manners, court-milliner, court-mistress, court-odour, court-pageant, court-poet, †court-rook, court-sermon, court-trick, court-wit, court-word; court-bred, †court-curious, court-ridden adjs.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > [adjective] > bred at court
court-bred1762
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 23 Bestowing those charges vpon..Court-familiars and fauorites.
1602 B. Jonson Poetaster iv. i. sig. F4v You must looke to be enuied, and endure a few Court-frumps for it. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 733 Receiues not thy Nose Court-Odour from me? Reflect I not on thy Basenesse, Court -Contempt? View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 742 Aduocate's the Court-word for a Pheazant. View more context for this quotation
1631 T. Fuller Davids Sinne xxii. sig. D2v Court-curious intertainment, and fine fare.
1633 J. Ford Broken Heart ii. ii. sig. D3v This same whoreson Court ease is temptation To a rebellion in the veines.
1637 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Elder Brother iv. i. sig. F4v You are..Shapes, shadowes, and the signes of men, Court bubbles, That every breath or breakes or blowes away.
1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 283 The great court favorite, Paris, sells The major's place and colonel's.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης iv. 35 By him onely and his Court Faction.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης vi. 54 Certainly Court-breeding and his perpetual conversation with Flatterers, was but a bad schoole.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης viii. 72 The quibbl's of a Court Sermon.
1650 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης (ed. 2) Pref. sig. B3 While the K...washes over with a Court-fucus the worst and foulest of his actions.
1654 J. Price Tyrants & Protectors 15 May we not well remember the English Court Ladies paintings, their patchings, their crispings, their curlings, [etc.]?
a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 69 A court-rook, or one that by playing the cogging jester, and so humouring a leud emperour, was become a noble man.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 767 Not in the bought smile Of Harlots..nor in Court Amours. View more context for this quotation
1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal iii. 22 I'm sure, Sir, I made your cloath in the Court-fashion.
1679 J. Goodman Penitent Pardoned (1713) iii. i. 275 What am I the better..for court-favour and countenance?
1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise ii. ii. 17 Ha! Grillon here! some New Court-Trick upon me.
1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1731) I. 408 He was by a Court-Intrigue recall'd to Madrid.
1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. c3 But was Ovid the Court-Poet so bad a Courtier, as, [etc.].
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 57. ⁋1 A Fine Court-Lady.
a1715 W. Wycherley Posthumous Wks. 23 Common court-friends, like common court-mistresses, ruin those they profess to love, by their embraces and friendship.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. p. xxxiii Who have been fully convinced, by an infamous Court-Chaplain, that there is no such Place as Hell.
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 119 Court-bred poets.
1787 J. Hawkins Life Johnson 273 The refinements of court-manners.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 240 It was dangerous flattery..to tell a poor minister's wife that she was like a court-beauty.
1836 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Mankind (1851) I. 1 Some brilliant ceremony, or court-pageant.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. i. 26 I wonder shall History ever pull off her periwig and cease to be court-ridden.
1888 M. E. Braddon Fatal Three I. i. 4 The lady..afforded a Court milliner the very best possible scaffolding for expensive gowns.
1895 K. Grahame Golden Age 158 Courtesies, welcomes, and other court-chamberlain kind of business.
1896 Westm. Gaz. 29 Oct. 2/3 I have heard of Court dressmakers.
b. in sense ‘of or belonging to a court of law’, as †court-bar, court-fee.
ΚΠ
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxxviii. 13) David borroweth not colored Rhetorik from the court-barre.
1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Acharnians in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 92 And that same stock's gone off in Court-fees And law gratuities.
C2. Special combinations:
court-almanac n. an almanac or annual hand-book of royal families and their courts.
† court-book n. Obsolete (see quots.).
ΚΠ
1566 Actis & Constit. Scotl. sig. biiiv (table) That all Schireffis and Officiaris wryte the day, that thay gif seising to ony man in thair court buke.
1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. Fiv You shall kepe a Court-booke..whereinto yow shall write all things passed in any Courte or otherwise.
† court-bowl n. Obsolete ? some form of the game of bowls (perhaps played in a court).
ΚΠ
1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 60 One might shoot with the arbalet, or play at Court-boule on Sundayes.
† court-bread n. Obsolete bread of the finest quality.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > fine bread
demeine1288
wastelc1300
pandemainc1390
wastel breadc1405
maine bread1443
mancheta1450
manchet breada1450
temse-loaf1552
court-bread1600
bara-picklet1611
temse-bread1611
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique v. xx. 715 That which is called the finest bread, or Court bread which is the lightest of all the rest.
court-calendar n. = court-almanac n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > kind of book > [noun] > annual > types of
almanacc1392
annual register1598
court-calendar1758
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > royal register
court-calendar1758
red book1762
1758 D. Garrick Male Coquette i There are quicker successions in your honour's list than the court-calendars.
1793 F. Burney Lett. 29 Sept. If it had been an old court-calendar..he would have received it with his best bow and smile.
† court-chair n. Obsolete tr. of Latin sella curūlis, curule chair.
ΚΠ
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iv. ii. 436 There the Senators stabd at him, as he sat in his court-chair.
† court-chimney n. Obsolete ? a kind of small stove.
ΚΠ
1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. F4 They vse..no fire but in a little court chimnie in their owne chamber.
court circular n. a daily record of the doings of the Court, published in the newspapers.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > other matter in journals
open letter1798
yell1827
court circular1841
magazine story1841
personal1860
pictorial1906
full spread1913
sidebar1937
lede1951
news peg1960
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. xl. 17 Mr. Chuckster entertained them with theatrical chit-chat and the court circular.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Bk. Snobs iv. 19 Down with the Court Circular—that engine and propagator of Snobbishness! I promise to subscribe for a year to any daily paper that shall come out without a Court Circular.
† court-compliment n. Obsolete an insincere compliment offered out of politeness.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > [noun] > offered out of politeness
court-compliment1655
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 170 This was in some of them but a Court-Complement.
† court-cream n. Obsolete insincere flattery such as is used by courtiers.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > [noun]
fickling?c1225
flattering?c1225
oluhningc1225
glozec1290
glozing1297
losengery1303
blandishingc1305
blandingc1315
flatteryc1320
glotheringc1325
soothinga1400
honey word?1406
faginga1425
flatrisec1440
smekingc1440
blandishc1475
blandiment?1510
glavering1545
coggingc1555
good1563
milksop1577
court holy water1583
glavery1583
blandishment1591
lipsalve1591
court holy bread1592
flatter1593
colloguing1596
sooth1597
daub?1602
blandation1605
lullaby1611
court-water1616
butter1618
blandiloquy1623
oil1645
court-element1649
courtshipment1649
courtship1655
blandiloquence1656
court-creama1657
daubing1656
fleecha1700
Spanish money1699
cajole1719
whiting1721
palaver1733
butter boat1747
flummery1749
treacle1771
Spanish coin1785
blancmange1790
blarney1796
soft corn1814
whillywha1816
carney1818
buttering up1819
soft soap1821
flam1825
slaver1825
soft solder1836
soothing syrup1839
soft-soaping1840
plámás1853
sawder1854
soap1854
salve1859
taffy1878
plámásing1897
flannel1927
smarm1937
flannelling1945
sweet talk1945
schmear1950
smarming1950
a1657 J. Balfour Hist. Wks. (1824) II. 180 With no more labor and expensse, then the cuning bestouing of soume courte creame one the comons.
† court-cup n. Obsolete (see quot. 1676 at sense 17a).
ΚΠ
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. B3v I know a hundred as well headed as he that will make a iolly shift with a Court-cup on their crownes, if the weather bee colde.
a1651 E. Grey True Gentlewomans Delight (1653) sig. C7v Let dry in an Ashen dish, otherwise called a Court cap..till it be dry, and it will be like a saucer.
† court-dish n. Obsolete (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > [noun] > dish > made dish
confection1393
bakea1425
manger1574
made dish1616
made dish1621
court-disha1656
a1656 G. Goodman Court King James I (1839) I. 311 The King..caused his carver to cut him out a court-dish, that is, something of every dish, which he sent him, as part of his reversion.
† court-element n. Obsolete hollow flattery (cf. court-water n.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > [noun]
fickling?c1225
flattering?c1225
oluhningc1225
glozec1290
glozing1297
losengery1303
blandishingc1305
blandingc1315
flatteryc1320
glotheringc1325
soothinga1400
honey word?1406
faginga1425
flatrisec1440
smekingc1440
blandishc1475
blandiment?1510
glavering1545
coggingc1555
good1563
milksop1577
court holy water1583
glavery1583
blandishment1591
lipsalve1591
court holy bread1592
flatter1593
colloguing1596
sooth1597
daub?1602
blandation1605
lullaby1611
court-water1616
butter1618
blandiloquy1623
oil1645
court-element1649
courtshipment1649
courtship1655
blandiloquence1656
court-creama1657
daubing1656
fleecha1700
Spanish money1699
cajole1719
whiting1721
palaver1733
butter boat1747
flummery1749
treacle1771
Spanish coin1785
blancmange1790
blarney1796
soft corn1814
whillywha1816
carney1818
buttering up1819
soft soap1821
flam1825
slaver1825
soft solder1836
soothing syrup1839
soft-soaping1840
plámás1853
sawder1854
soap1854
salve1859
taffy1878
plámásing1897
flannel1927
smarm1937
flannelling1945
sweet talk1945
schmear1950
smarming1950
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xvii. 159 This intricate stuff tattl'd heer of Timothy and Titus, and I know not whom thir Successors, farr beyond Court Element, and as farr beneath true edification.
† court fagot n. Obsolete name of a kind of fagot.
ΚΠ
1523 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) For makyng of x loodis of Court fagot iijs. iiijd.
Categories »
court-fold n. ‘a farm-yard. Worc.’ (Halliwell).
court-fool n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > performance of jester or comedian > [noun] > jester or comedian
jugglerc1175
foolc1300
jangler1303
fool sagec1330
ribald1340
ape-ward1362
japer1377
sage fool1377
harlotc1390
disporter?a1475
jocular?a1475
joculatora1500
jester?1518
idiot1526
scoffer1530
sporter1531
dizzardc1540
vice1552
antic1564
bauble-bearer1568
scoggin1579
buffoon1584
pleasant1595
zany1596
baladine1599
clown1600
fiddle1600
mimic1601
ape-carrier1615
mime1616
mime-man1631
merry man1648
tomfool1650
pickle-herring1656
badine1670
puddingc1675
merry-andrew1677
mimical1688
Tom Tram1688
Monaghan1689
pickled herring1711
ethologist1727
court-foola1797
Tom1817
mimer1819
fun-maker1835
funny man1839
mimester1846
comic1857
comedian1860
jokesman1882
comique1886
Joey1896
tummler1938
alternative comedian1981
Andrew-
the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > jest or pleasantry > one who jests or jokes > professional
japer1377
sage fool1377
harlotc1390
jocular?a1475
joculatora1500
jester?1518
bauble-bearer1568
buffoon1584
merry-andrew1677
court-foola1797
fun-maker1835
funny man1839
jokesman1882
a1797 H. Walpole Walpoliana (1799) II. xxvii. 17 Our court-fools ceased with the reign of Charles I.
1858 J. Doran Hist. Court Fools 22 The authors thus played the part of court fools by deputy.
court-jester n. a jester kept for the amusement of a prince and his court.
† court-form n. Obsolete a form of process in the law courts (Latin formula).
ΚΠ
1699 T. Cockman tr. Cicero Offices iii. xix. 275 Aquillius..had not then publish'd his Court-forms about Knavery.
court-guide n. a directory (or section of a general directory) containing the names and addresses of the nobility, gentry, and people in ‘society’ (the theory being that it contains the names of all persons who have been presented at court).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > [noun] > directory of names or pedigrees
court-guide1814
stud book1834
social register1886
society > communication > book > kind of book > reference book > [noun] > directories
peerage1766
court-guide1814
blue book1822
stud book1834
peerage book1843
social register1886
1814 T. Moore Epigr. i. 309 ‘I want the Court-Guide’, said my Lady, ‘to look If the House, Seymour Place, be at 30 or 20’.
1843 W. M. Thackeray Ravenswing i, in Fraser's Mag. Apr. 467/2 Registered in Mrs. Boyle's Court Guide.
† court-hall n. Obsolete (a) the hall where the king holds his court; (b) a manor-house (cf. courthouse n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > manor house
hallc1000
boroughc1175
court1297
manorc1300
palacec1300
mansion1375
placea1387
manor-place1392
chemis1408
head-place1463
mansion place1473
manse1490
court-hall1552
manery1563
manor house1575
seat1607
country seat1615
great house1623
mansion house1651
country house1664
manor-seata1667
place-house1675
mansion-seat1697
hall-house1702
big house1753
ha'-house1814
manoir1830
manor hall1840
yashiki1863
seigneury1895
stately home1934
stately2009
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Courte hall, Basilica, Regia Aula.
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 232 The name of Aldermans bury..there kept in their Bery, or Court hall.
court-hill n. a moot-hill, on which a court was held.
ΚΠ
1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 15 On the point of a tongue of land is an ancient court-hill.
† court-holder n. Obsolete one who holds or presides at a court.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > one who presides at a court
court-holder1540
court-keeper1649
presiding judge1704
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 13 §7 The steward or deputy-stuarde or courtholder of the same leete or lawday.
1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (1588) iv. v. 504 The Court-holders of such Leetes are bound to certifie the same.
† court-jack n. Obsolete a kind of leathern bottle or jug; cf. black jack n.2 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > flask, flagon, or bottle > [noun] > leather
bossc1375
buffyllec1425
black jackc1540
skina1549
budget1579
court-jack1631
pigskin1812
olpe1883
1631 J. Mabbe tr. F. de Rojas Spanish Bawd Ep. Ded. sig. A iij Like a Court-jack, which though it be blacke, yet holds as good liquor as your fairest.
† court-keeper n. Obsolete (a) = court-holder n.; (b) see quot. 1847-78.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > one who presides at a court
court-holder1540
court-keeper1649
presiding judge1704
1649 W. Sheppard title The Covrt Keepers Guide: or, A plain and familiar Treatise, needfull and usefull for the help of many that are imployed in the keeping of Law dayes, or Courts Baron.
1715 G. Jacob title Complete Court Keeper; or Land Stewards Assistant.
1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Court-keeper, the master at a game of racket, or ball.
court-lands n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 149/1 Court-lands, domains or lands kept in the lord's hands to serve his family.
† court letter n. Obsolete the form of letter used in court-hand n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > other forms
descendant1676
court letter1690
nail head1855
descender1883
crotchet letter1887
1690 London Gaz. No. 2612/4 The Young Clerk Compleated..with breaks off the Court Letters, and 166 Words Abbreviated in Court Hand, and fairly written at length in Secretary.
† court marshal n. Obsolete the marshal of a prince's household (= German Hofmarschall).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief
stewardc1000
constablea1240
seneschal1393
major-domo1589
court marshal1693
1693 London Gaz. No. 2845/2 Next..the Grand-Marshal, and Court-Marshal with the Silver Staves of Office [at the Saxon Court].
1694 R. Molesworth Acct. Denmark in 1692 xi. 157 The Court Mareschal invites whom he thinks fit to eat with the King.
court-marshaless n. the wife of a court marshal.
ΚΠ
1833 S. Austin Characteristics Goethe II. 76 Countess and Hofmarschallin (court-marshaless) von E—.
† court-martialist n. Obsolete a soldier belonging to the Court.
ΚΠ
1624 R. Davenport City Night-cap iv Have I ruined so many city-citadels to let in court-martialists, and shall this country-cottage hold out?
court-metre n. the dróttkvætt metre used in the old Icelandic drápa or heroic laudatory poem, which was recited before the king and his retinue (drótt).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > metre > [noun] > variety of > court-metre (Old Icelandic)
dróttkvaett1779
court-metre1883
1883 G. Vigfusson & F. Y. Powell Corpus Poet. Boreale I. 432 The reason why the court-poets counted by the half-line..is manifest. The court-metre was their standard.
1896 Scot. Rev. XXVIII. 334 Drótt-kvætt..was thus the commonest metre for the drápa, or laudatory poem... The name of ‘court-metre’ is thus appropriate enough.
court-mourning n. a period of mourning observed at Court, ‘mourning’ worn at Court or with court-dress.
ΚΠ
1793 J. Boswell Life Johnson III. 589 Goldsmith's last Comedy was to be represented during some court-mourning.
† court nap n. Obsolete (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1655 J. Shirley Gentleman of Venice iii. iv We are cheated by a court-nap [referring to an old officer of the court who is going to arrest them].
court-newsman n. a person appointed to furnish news of the doings of the Court.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journalist > [noun] > other types of journalist
editorial writer1819
court-newsman1837
feuilletonist1840
editorialist1841
market reporter1854
headliner1875
leader-writer1882
investigative journalist1890
feature writer1912
roundsman1912
by-liner1944
telejournalist1964
New Journalist1970
gonzo1972
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxi. 328 (heading) Describes, far more fully than the Court Newsman ever did, a bachelor's party, given by Mr. Bob Sawyer.
1863 Illustr. London News 16 Jan. The Queen has conferred the appointment of Court-newsman upon Mr. Thomas Beard.
court-night n. a night on which the sovereign held his court.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > visit > visiting > [noun] > visiting time or day > at court
court-night1715
court-day1720
1715 A. Pope Corr. 19 Mar. (1956) I. 285 The three first Nights, (notwithstanding two of them were court-nights) were distinguish'd by very full audiences of the first quality.
court order n. Law (originally North American) a direction issued by a court or judge, usually requiring a person to do or refrain from doing something; cf. order n. Phrases 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun]
brief1330
precept1427
court order1650
maintenance pending suit1952
1650 in East-Hampton (N.Y.) Rec. (1887) I. 6 Thomas Tallmage is to have the sum of 20s for Recordinge the Court orders for this present yeare.
1922 R. Parrish Case & Girl xxx. 318 Court order was issued today; the entire estate placed..in the possession of Natalie Coolidge.
1964 E. Baker Fine Madness xiv. 166 Suppose there's a court order against him for something like not paying alimony.
1983 H. Evans Good Times, Bad Times i. 9 The presses were running, but at any moment I expected a court order to stop them—and at the behest of the Government.
court-paper n. an official paper giving particulars of the business before a (legal) court.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court papers > [noun] > paper detailing business before court
court-paper1752
1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 193 The Clerk..should make a Court-paper of the Day and Place of the Sessions, the Names of the Justices present, and of the Persons indicted.
court-party n. a political party which advocates the interests of the Court (cf. country party n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > other British parties
digger1649
levellers1762
country party1763
court-party1763
mountain1829
fourth party1880
S.D.F.1893
S.D.P.1908
Bloomsbury gang1910
National Front1937
NF1970
1763 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (new ed.) VIII. lxviii. 133 The court party reasoned in an opposite manner.
1864 W. H. Ainsworth John Law I. Prol. i. 17 This second plan, though supported by the court party..was..rejected.
† court-passage n. Obsolete see passage n. (a game at dice).
† court-post n. Obsolete the court-officer who carried letters between the Court and the post-office.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > [noun] > post office > court-officer
court-post1743
society > communication > correspondence > postal services > person or vehicle that carries letters or mail > [noun] > person > between Court and post office
court-post1743
1743 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 35) ii. 80 Court-Post, Dennis Bond, Esq; at per Diem £2.
1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 295 There is a court-post, who has 2l. a day.
court-resident n. one who lives in a court (sense 3).
ΚΠ
1899 Westm. Gaz. 3 May 5/3 The..court-resident in the East.
court-Scotch n. the court-language of Scotland.
ΚΠ
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 241 She was educated in a convent abroad, and speaks that pure court-Scotch, which was common in my younger days.
court shoe n. a woman's light, low-cut shoe, often with a high or highish tapering or curved heel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > with specific heels > high heels
high shoe1606
heels1667
court shoe1885
spike heel1929
stiletto heel1931
wedge-heel1939
wedge shoe1939
wedge sole1939
wedgie1940
court1959
wedge1959
pump1967
stilt heel1973
Manolo Blahnik1988
1885 Queen 20 June (advt.) The ‘Watteau’ or ‘Queen Anne’ court shoe.
1932 S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm xi. 156 Elfine, whatever you do, always wear court shoes.
1933 Yorks. Evening Post 1 Sept. In the [American] shoe department confusion can arise if one asks for court-shoes, for which the American is pumps.
court-suit n. (a) a suit preferred at Court; (b) a suit worn at Court, court-dress.
ΚΠ
a1652 R. Brome Court Begger i. i. sig. N6, in Five New Playes (1653) Your ayme has bin to raise You state by Court-suits.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. vii. 88/2 It was Tubalcain that made thy very Tailor's needle, and sewed that court suit of thine.
court-sword n. a light sword worn as part of a man's court-dress.
† court-table n. Obsolete (cf. court-cupboard n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > cupboard or cabinet > [noun] > for keeping or displaying valuables
cabinetc1550
closet?1553
court-cupboard1599
court-table1629
cabinet-box1663
1629 Inventory Hatfield Priory in Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. (1889) New Ser. 3 167 i litle Court Table..i Court Cubberd, Carved.
court tennis n. North American = tennis n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun]
tennisc1400
real tennis1880
royal tennis1886
court tennis1911
1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 9 Apr. 1/2 Jay Gould, of New York, won the national court tennis championship for the sixth successive year this afternoon.
1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 May 375/2 Tennis—in America known as court tennis.
court-train n. the train of a woman's court-dress; also transferred.
ΚΠ
1909 W. de Morgan It never can happen Again xxxvii A table-cloth of huge bulk, with a court-train at each corner.
† court-water n. Obsolete (cf. court holy water n.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > [noun]
fickling?c1225
flattering?c1225
oluhningc1225
glozec1290
glozing1297
losengery1303
blandishingc1305
blandingc1315
flatteryc1320
glotheringc1325
soothinga1400
honey word?1406
faginga1425
flatrisec1440
smekingc1440
blandishc1475
blandiment?1510
glavering1545
coggingc1555
good1563
milksop1577
court holy water1583
glavery1583
blandishment1591
lipsalve1591
court holy bread1592
flatter1593
colloguing1596
sooth1597
daub?1602
blandation1605
lullaby1611
court-water1616
butter1618
blandiloquy1623
oil1645
court-element1649
courtshipment1649
courtship1655
blandiloquence1656
court-creama1657
daubing1656
fleecha1700
Spanish money1699
cajole1719
whiting1721
palaver1733
butter boat1747
flummery1749
treacle1771
Spanish coin1785
blancmange1790
blarney1796
soft corn1814
whillywha1816
carney1818
buttering up1819
soft soap1821
flam1825
slaver1825
soft solder1836
soothing syrup1839
soft-soaping1840
plámás1853
sawder1854
soap1854
salve1859
taffy1878
plámásing1897
flannel1927
smarm1937
flannelling1945
sweet talk1945
schmear1950
smarming1950
1616 T. Adams Dis. Soule 67 The Flatterer..is after the nature of a Barber; and first trimmes the head of his masters humour, and then sprinkles it with Court-water.
court week n. U.S. the week in which the county court meets.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > a or the session of a court > [noun] > period when courts sit > week when court sits
court week1724
1724 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1900) XXXVI. 332 Jan. 2 Court Week.
1817 S. R. Brown Western Gazetteer 99 It was court week, and the day very hot and sultry, when I arrived here from Cincinnati.
1833 H. Barnard in Maryland Hist. Mag. 13 350 It is Court week, when all the people..assemble in the county seat.
1944 K. Duncan & D. F. Nickols Mentor Graham 13 Greensburg may have been gay during court week, but education was its hobby.

Draft additions September 2014

court case n. a legal action decided in a court of law; cf. case n.1 7a.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a case before court
causec1330
casec1390
court casea1631
law-case1710
a1631 J. Donne LXXX Serm. (1640) xlv. 452 Though in all Court-cases it be not good to take knowledge of enemies, (many times that is better forborne) yet in all cases, it is good to know them.
1675 W. Penn tr. F. de Mendoça Olysiponensis in Treat. Oaths 136 The Fidelity of Cato, who was believed in a Court-Case even Unsworn.
1842 N.Y. Herald 11 Dec. 2/5 Our papers,—ordinarily so prompt to display the detail of police and court cases, that scarcely a petty larceny or assault and battery escapes their notice.
1909 Hansard Commons (Electronic ed.) 29 June 217 In view of the number of poor persons deceived by associations failing to pay benefits promised in exchange for fixed contributions, as shown by several recent court cases [etc.].
2011 A. Gibbons Act of Love (2012) ix. 93 You listen to me, Rafiq. You have a court case coming up. It will decide your future.

Draft additions March 2019

court spiritual n. (plural courts spiritual) historical in later use a court having jurisdiction over matters of canon law and ecclesiastical affairs; a religious court; cf. spiritual court n. at spiritual adj. and n. Compounds 3.
ΚΠ
1443 Early Chancery Proc. (P.R.O.: C 1/12/195) Youre seid pore bisecher suyth in the Court spirituall of the Arches a cause of Appell of spoliacon and intrusion aftir the Cours of the lawe of the Churche.
1650 C. Elderfield Civil Right Tythes xxviii. 226 They should not step forth to hinder the Court Spiritual.
1818 S. T. Coleridge Friend (new ed.) I. 157 A..period during which the Powers and the Aims of Law were usurped..by the Clergy and the Courts Spiritual.
1975 Hist. Jrnl. 18 232 The whole subject of the powers of the courts spiritual was very much alive between 1529 and 1535.

Draft additions June 2021

court packing n. originally and chiefly U.S. (usually depreciative) the action, process, or practice whereby a governing authority expands the number of seats on a court (esp. the U.S. Supreme Court) in order to appoint judges likely to support its own legislative programme and political agenda; cf. packing n.2Earliest in Supreme Court packing (see quot. 1889; cf. Supreme Court n. 2).Associated especially with Franklin D. Roosevelt's attempt in 1937 to increase the number of U.S. Supreme Court justices who would support his New Deal (see new deal n. 2b; cf. quot. 1937).
ΚΠ
1889 Cincinnati Commerc. Gaz. 30 Oct. 4/1 The old Gang of the Democratic party..who..tried ballot-box stuffing and forgery and bribery, and Supreme Court packing, to get another Senatorial seat.]
1902 Columbia Law Rev. 2 80 The questions..could not be reconsidered and the result reversed by a tribunal of changed membership without charges of court-packing.
1937 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 11 Feb. 4/2 Roosevelt..stated reasons entirely beside the real point in his message presenting the court packing proposal.
1992 J. D. Hunter Culture Wars xi Such issues as abortion, gay rights, funding for the arts, women's rights, child-care policy,..and court-packing are followed in the press and..debated passionately.
2020 N. Y. Times (Nexis) 19 Sept. (US Politics section) Ruth Bader Ginsburg's death revives talk of court packing... The idea, recalling a plan by President Franklin D. Roosevelt,..faces roadblocks among members of both parties.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† courtn.2

Obsolete.
Some kind of cart for carrying stones, bricks, lime, sand, and the like. Cf. also courtier n.2
ΘΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > wagon or cart for specific articles > for stones or bricks
stone-cart?c1357
court1576
1576 Act 18 Eliz. c. 10 §4 Every person shall be charged to find..one Cart, Wain, Tumbrel, Dungpot or Court, Sleads, Cars, or Drays, furnished for..Repairing of the Highways [in Statutes of Irel. an. 12 Jas. I (Bolton, 432) printed ‘Tumbrell, Dung-pott or Courtslad’].
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1542/2 Yet had they for their horsse, their court, and their driuer but onelie twelue pence a daie.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1542/1 There were to be imploied five or six hundred courts about a wall of small bredth.

Derivatives

court-load n.
ΘΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > [noun] > by wheeled vehicle > by cart > load carried by cart
fotherOE
cart-load?c1225
jag1597
court-load1703
1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 203 Workmen in Sussex tell me, that they commonly put 2 of their Court-loads (that is about 24 Bushels) of Sand to 1 Load..of Lime.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

courtv.

Brit. /kɔːt/, U.S. /kɔrt/
Etymology: < court n.1 Compare Old Italian corteare , Old French cortoyer to be or reside at court ( < corte , court court n.1), later Italian corteggiare , French courtiser in senses 3, 4: compare courtesan n.1
I. Senses relating to a royal court.
†1. intransitive. To be or reside at court, to frequent the court. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > haunting or resorting > haunt or resort [verb (intransitive)] > court
courtc1530
c1530 [implied in: A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Jivv All courtynge I defye More clennes is kept, within some hogges sty. (at courting n. 1)].
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 390 The king reteyned vnto him a gard of Archers of Chesshire... And after these rusticall people had a while Courted, they entered into so great a boldnesse, that they would not let [etc.].
†2. to court it: To play or act the courtier. Obsolete. (Cf. to coach it, foot v. 1a(b), etc.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > behave well [verb (intransitive)] > behave in courtly manner
to court it1553
gallantize1603
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 92v When we see one gaye and galaunte, we vse to saye, he courtes it.
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 4 To instruct them to become as bold as souldiers, to court it like curtezans.
1619 J. Sempill Sacrilege Sacredly Handled Ep. Ded. 2 It goeth neuer better, than when the Church Courteth it and the Court Churcheth it.
1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 74 I cannot Court it, i.e. I can not perform the duty or manners of a Courtier.
II. Senses relating to paying court.
3.
a. transitive. To pay court to, pay courteous attention to; to try to win favour with.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > favour > win favour with [verb (transitive)]
court1590
demerit1597
win1616
to gain on or upon1640
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > show respect for > pay respectful attention to
observec1440
court1590
to make or pay (one's) court to1590
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V7v A louely beuy of faire Ladies sate, Courted of many a iolly Paramoure.
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 39 Our unlettred Grand-fathers were wont to court God Almighty with false Latin.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 19 To flatter kings, or court the great.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 218 While the king was thus courting his old adversaries.
1883 T. Martin Life Ld. Lyndhurst viii. 200 A man..sure to be courted in the best London society.
b. absol.
ΚΠ
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ii. sig. O2 She led him vp into a goodly bowre, And comely courted with meet modestie.
4.
a. To pay amorous attention to, seek to gain the affections of, make love to (with a view to marriage), pay addresses to, woo. (Now somewhat homely; also poetic.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > court or woo [verb (transitive)]
wooc1290
court1580
suitc1586
accourt1590
suitor1672
address1700
gallantize1728
philander1787
to stick up1830
spark1888
romance1931
lumber1938
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > seeking marriage > seek in marriage [verb (transitive)] > court or woo
wooc1290
court1580
suitc1586
accourt1590
sue1596
pretend1652
suitor1672
to make or pay (one's) court to1716
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 67 To picke out those that can court you, not those that loue you.
1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) vi. xxxi. 139 With rufull lookes, sighes..and Fooleries more than few I courted her.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 10 While he Neæra courts, but courts in vain, And fears that I the Damsel shall obtain.
1722 D. Defoe Relig. Courtship i. iii. 108 She declares she will not marry, no not if a Peer of the Realm courted her.
1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 201. ⁋11 He courted a young lady.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 353 There they had made their friendships, had courted their wives.
1873 R. Bridges Poems (1891) i. v I heard a linnet courting His lady in the spring.
1878 W. Black Green Pastures I. 1 A young man had come courting the earl's daughter.
b. absol.
ΚΠ
1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Bvv But how he courted..And how the fauour of this Nimph he wonne.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 85 Long agone I haue forgot to court . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. ii. 27 See how they kisse and court . View more context for this quotation
1787 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum I. 79 When feather'd pairs are courting.
1858 C. Kingsley Starling in Poems 7 When we and our mates were courting merrily!
c. figurative and transferred. Cf. woo v.1
ΚΠ
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 329 Our Boate ready to court the shoare.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 719 Sails fill'd, and streamers waving, Courted by all the winds that hold them play. View more context for this quotation
1743–6 W. Shenstone Elegies vi. 27 A train of lovers court the chequer'd shade.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 7 Fruits..That proudly rise or humbly court the ground.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. i. 173 Courting the sun-beam as she plied her toil.
1832 W. Motherwell Poems (1847) 1 Their broad sheets court the breeze.
5. To seek to win or attract (any one) to do something; to invite, allure, entice into, to, from, out of, etc. Cf. woo v.1 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)]
teec888
tightc1000
drawc1175
tollc1220
till?c1225
ticec1275
bringc1300
entice1303
win1303
wina1340
tempt1340
misdrawa1382
wooa1387
lure1393
trainc1425
allurea1450
attract?a1475
lock1481
enlure1486
attice1490
allect1518
illect?1529
wind1538
disarm1553
call1564
troll1565
embait1567
alliciate1568
slock1594
enamour1600
court1602
inescate1602
fool1620
illure1638
magnetize1658
trepana1661
solicit1665
whistle1665
drill1669
inveigh1670
siren1690
allicit1724
wisea1810
come-hither1954
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida ii. sig. D3v Downy sleep Courts vs, to entertaine his company.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xviii. 429 Opportunity courted him to procure the Empire for himself.
1656 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa V. iii. iv. 237 I come not now to Court you from him.
1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim A sight he had been long pursuing..but could never court it into his embraces.
1706 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus II. v. 13 Dear Sir..let me court ye To take a Coach, because it's dirty.
1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 7 All the Skies, ambitious of thy Sway, Conspire to court thee from our World away.
1773 S. Johnson Let. 30 Sept. (1992) II. 92 An interval of calm sunshine courted us out to see a cave on the shore.
1801 T. Campbell Caroline ii, in Morning Chron. 12 Aug. 3/1 And wanton flowers that well may court An angel's feet to tread them down!
1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 VII. lxxi. 4 Gustavus Adolphus..courted them to his standard.
6.
a. To show oneself desirous of, to seek to win or attract, to affect (a thing).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)] > attempt to obtain or attain
to found toOE
keepc1000
seekc1000
throwa1393
minta1400
intentc1450
to try for1534
sue1548
attempt?c1550
reachc1571
assay1595
put1596
to lay in for1599
climba1616
captate1628
court1639
obseek1646
solicit1717
to make a bid for1885
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [verb (transitive)] > pursue object of desire
followOE
court1639
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. viii. 183 Never would he have had the face to have courted the Crown Imperiall.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. ii. 129 Both of them courted his friendship.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 130 They rather court publicity for their opinions.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar viii. 79 Sylla never courted popularity.
b. To act as though trying to provoke (something harmful, unpleasant, etc.); to invite unwisely.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)] > put at risk > run the risk or brave the dangers of
undergoc1315
venture1548
hazard1550
to venture on (also upon1557
run1592
dare1604
endanger?1611
risk1673
to run the venture of1723
court1930
to go nap on1959
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > enter into incautiously or rashly [verb (transitive)] > court (disaster), tempt (providence, etc.)
fandc1175
tempt1340
court1930
1930 G. B. Shaw Mrs. Warren's Profession (rev. ed.) Pref., in Wks. VII. 152 Another club..which rather courted a pleasantly scandalous reputation, opened its doors for one night and one afternoon.
1942 R. Field And now Tomorrow i. 1 There is a fascination in places that hold our past in safe keeping. We are drawn to them, often against our will... I knew it yesterday in that hour I spent in the storeroom's dusty chillness, half dreading, half courting the pangs which each well remembered object brought.
1953 J. Wain Hurry on Down vii. 141 He drove faster and more wildly... Courting death, their own and anyone else's, was the one possible chance of escape.
1961 K. Tynan Curtains i. 69 A dramatist could inject a shot of colloquialism into a tragic aria without courting bathos.
1986 N.Y. Times 11 May iv. 21/1 They knew they were courting disaster by challenging a state that tolerates no challenges.
III. Senses relating to a court of law.
7. To sue in a court of law, to ‘put in the court’. colloquial. (Cf. county court v.)
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > sue or institute action against
pleada1325
implead1387
follow1389
pursue1454
process1493
to put in suit1495
to call (a person) unto the law?a1513
sue1526
suit1560
prosecute1579
to fetch a person over the hips1587
trounce1638
law1647
prosecute1656
action1734
to fetch law of1832
court1847
chicane1865
actionize1871
run1891
1847 Illustr. London News 31 July 67/3 The usual advice when a party complains of another owing him money, is, ‘Oh, court him!’
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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