cretinn.

Brit.

/ˈkrɛt(ɪ)n/, U.S.

/ˈkritn/

Forms: 1700s– cretin, 1800s– crétin.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French crétin.

Etymology: < French crétin (1750 in sense 1, 1835 in sense 2; originally regional (Switzerland) as crestin, creitin), further etymology uncertain and disputed (see note).The French word was also borrowed into many other European languages; for early borrowings, compare e.g. German Kretin (1779 or earlier as Cretin ), Italian cretino (18th cent.). The French noun is traditionally taken to be < post-classical Latin Christianus Christian n., assuming a euphemistic semantic development similar to that shown by innocent n. 3, French benêt simple-minded (as adjective and noun; literally ‘blessed’), or silly adj.; for a similar development from the same root, compare Occitan regional (Béarn) crestiaas (plural), applied to the cagots (see cagot n.). C. Schmitt proposes an alternative etymology (in ‘Christentum und Kretinismus’, in Romanistisches Jahrbuch (2008) 59 29–45) < classical Latin crista crest n.¹ + -īnus -ine suffix¹, with the semantic motivation assumed to be the prominent goitres shown by people with the condition described at cretinism n. Pronunciation. N.E.D. (1893) gives the pronunciation as (krī·tin) /ˈkriːtɪn/.

1. An individual whose mental and physical development has been impaired by a deficiency of thyroid hormone during intrauterine or early life, esp. as a result of insufficient iodine in the diet. Cf. cretinism n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > type of > person

idiot born1558

cretin1775

cretinist1839

Mongol1896

moron1910

pointy-head1946

Mongoloid1949

1775 T. Blaikie Diary Sc. Gardener 27 July (1931) 59 There is in most places many stupid people called cretins for which the people has a great veneration.

1779 W. Coxe Sketches Swisserland xxi. 269 (note) The species of idiots I have mentioned above, and who are deemed by many authors as peculiar to the Vallais, are called cretins.

1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 239 The Cretin is hardly a human being... They have all immense heads and more immense goitres.

1891 J. Bland-Sutton Evol. & Dis. xii. 262 Animal cretins occur not only in regions where the disease is endemic in man, but also in England.

1936 A. Huxley Eyeless in Gaza li. 571 How I regret those cretins one used to see in Switzerland when I was a child! They've iodined them out of existence now.

2002 Geogr. Rev. 92 92 The Venus figurines produced by Cro-Magnons also show a close resemblance to myxoedematous cretins.

2. An extremely foolish or stupid person; an idiot, a moron. Also as a general term of abuse or disparagement.In early use frequently in form crétin.Although this sense developed historically from sense 1, the word is now frequently used in this sense without awareness of this history, and is generally not regarded as particularly offensive or derogatory when used in this way.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > [noun]

asseOE

sotc1000

beastc1225

long-ear?a1300

stock1303

buzzard1377

mis-feelinga1382

dasarta1400

stonea1400

dasiberd14..

dottlec1400

doddypoll1401

dastardc1440

dotterel1440

dullardc1440

wantwit1449

jobardc1475

nollc1475

assheada1500

mulea1500

dull-pate15..

peak1509

dulbert?a1513

doddy-patec1525

noddypolla1529

hammer-head1532

dull-head?1534

capon1542

dolt1543

blockhead1549

cod's head1549

mome1550

grout-head1551

gander1553

skit-brains?1553

blocka1556

calfa1556

tomfool1565

dunce1567

druggard1569

cobble1570

dummel1570

Essex calf1573

jolthead1573

hardhead1576

beetle-head1577

dor-head1577

groutnoll1578

grosshead1580

thickskin1582

noddyship?1589

jobbernowl1592

beetle-brain1593

Dorbel1593

oatmeal-groat1594

loggerhead1595

block-pate1598

cittern-head1598

noddypoop1598

dorbellist1599

numps1599

dor1601

stump1602

ram-head1605

look-like-a-goose1606

ruff1606

clod1607

turf1607

asinego1609

clot-poll1609

doddiea1611

druggle1611

duncecomb1612

ox-head1613

clod-polla1616

dulman1615

jolterhead1620

bullhead1624

dunderwhelpa1625

dunderhead1630

macaroona1631

clod-patea1635

clota1637

dildo1638

clot-pate1640

stupid1640

clod-head1644

stub1644

simpletonian1652

bottle-head1654

Bœotiana1657

vappe1657

lackwit1668

cudden1673

plant-animal1673

dolt-head1679

cabbage head1682

put1688

a piece of wood1691

ouphe1694

dunderpate1697

numbskull1697

leather-head1699

nocky1699

Tom Cony1699

mopus1700

bluff-head1703

clod skull1707

dunny1709

dowf1722

stupe1722

gamphrel1729

gobbin?1746

duncehead1749

half-wit1755

thick-skull1755

jackass1756

woollen-head1756

numbhead1757

beef-head1775

granny1776

stupid-head1792

stunpolla1794

timber-head1794

wether heada1796

dummy1796

noghead1800

staumrel1802

muttonhead1803

num1807

dummkopf1809

tumphya1813

cod's head and shoulders1820

stoopid1823

thick-head1824

gype1825

stob1825

stookiea1828

woodenhead1831

ning-nong1832

log-head1834

fat-head1835

dunderheadism1836

turnip1837

mudhead1838

donkey1840

stupex1843

cabbage1844

morepork1845

lubber-head1847

slowpoke1847

stupiditarian1850

pudding-head1851

cod's head and shoulders1852

putty head1853

moke1855

mullet-head1855

pothead1855

mug1857

thick1857

boodle1862

meathead1863

missing link1863

half-baked1866

lunk1867

turnip-head1869

rummy1872

pumpkin-head1876

tattie1879

chump1883

dully1883

cretin1884

lunkhead1884

mopstick1886

dumbhead1887

peanut head1891

pie-face1891

doughbakea1895

butt-head1896

pinhead1896

cheesehead1900

nyamps1900

box head1902

bonehead1903

chickenhead1903

thickwit1904

cluck1906

boob1907

John1908

mooch1910

nitwit1910

dikkop1913

goop1914

goofus1916

rumdum1916

bone dome1917

moron1917

oik1917

jabroni1919

dumb-bell1920

knob1920

goon1921

dimwit1922

ivory dome1923

stone jug1923

dingleberry1924

gimp1924

bird brain1926

jughead1926

cloth-head1927

dumb1928

gazook1928

mouldwarp1928

ding-dong1929

stupido1929

mook1930

sparrow-brain1930

knobhead1931

dip1932

drip1932

epsilon1932

bohunkus1933

Nimrod1933

dumbass1934

zombie1936

pea-brain1938

knot-head1940

schlump1941

jarhead1942

Joe Soap1943

knuckle-head1944

nong1944

lame-brain1945

gobshite1946

rock-head1947

potato head1948

jerko1949

turkey1951

momo1953

poop-head1955

a right one1958

bam1959

nong-nong1959

dickhead1960

dumbo1960

Herbert1960

lamer1961

bampot1962

dipshit1963

bamstick1965

doofus1965

dick1966

pillock1967

zipperhead1967

dipstick1968

thickie1968

poephol1969

yo-yo1970

doof1971

cockhead1972

nully1973

thicko1976

wazzock1976

motorhead1979

mouth-breather1979

no-brainer1979

jerkwad1980

woodentop1981

dickwad1983

dough ball1983

dickweed1984

bawheid1985

numpty1985

jerkweed1988

dick-sucker1989

knob-end1989

Muppet1989

dingus1997

dicksack1999

eight ball-

1884 W. James in Mind 9 203 Bodily commotions..may be experienced in their fulness by Crétins and Philistines in whom the critical judgment is at its lowest ebb.

1933 J. Joyce Let. 13 Aug. (1966) III. 282 The crétin of a concierge..has misdirected half my mail.

1961 I. Jefferies It wasn't Me! ix. 123 I know I'm a moron and a cretin like you're always calling people.

1990 W. Perriam Fifty-minute Hour (1991) xxiv. 305 Either you change that cretin of a programmer, or I'll go up there myself and throttle him bare-handed.

2004 Independent on Sunday 2 May (Review Suppl.) 7/2 This is exactly how every yammering cretin broadcasting their trivial wittering to fellow bus passengers thinks.

3. Genetics. A mutant variety of sweet pea having a flower thought to resemble a gaping mouth with a protruding tongue; (also) the recessive gene responsible for this trait. Frequently attributive. Now historical and rare.

ΚΠ

1911 Jrnl. Genetics 1910–11 1 294 Our original cretin was found in 1907 and was used as the pollen parent to fertilise various sterile sweet peas.

1914 Amer. Naturalist 48 530 The coupling data for this value gives 33 units, which enables us to fix the order of the genes as sterile, light, cretin.

1952 J. G. Crowther Brit. Scientists Twentieth Cent. 288 Punnett has described..how Bateson was revolted by the sight of the ‘cretin’ sweet pea.

Derivatives

† cretinage n. [probably after French crétinage (1754)] Obsolete = cretinism n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > type of

idiotry1488

idiocy1607

cretinage1790

cretinism1791

infantilism1895

mongolism1899

mental handicap1912

1790 Mem. Lit. & Philos. Soc. Manch. 3 266 On the least suspicion of a tendency towards Cretinage, they are sent into the distant mountains to be nursed.

1820 H. Matthews Diary of Invalid 314 Cretinage seems also to be peculiar to mountainous regions.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cretin
释义	cretinn. Brit. /ˈkrɛt(ɪ)n/, U.S. /ˈkritn/ Forms: 1700s– cretin, 1800s– crétin. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French crétin. Etymology: < French crétin (1750 in sense 1, 1835 in sense 2; originally regional (Switzerland) as crestin, creitin), further etymology uncertain and disputed (see note).The French word was also borrowed into many other European languages; for early borrowings, compare e.g. German Kretin (1779 or earlier as Cretin ), Italian cretino (18th cent.). The French noun is traditionally taken to be < post-classical Latin Christianus Christian n., assuming a euphemistic semantic development similar to that shown by innocent n. 3, French benêt simple-minded (as adjective and noun; literally ‘blessed’), or silly adj.; for a similar development from the same root, compare Occitan regional (Béarn) crestiaas (plural), applied to the cagots (see cagot n.). C. Schmitt proposes an alternative etymology (in ‘Christentum und Kretinismus’, in Romanistisches Jahrbuch (2008) 59 29–45) < classical Latin crista crest n.¹ + -īnus -ine suffix¹, with the semantic motivation assumed to be the prominent goitres shown by people with the condition described at cretinism n. Pronunciation. N.E.D. (1893) gives the pronunciation as (krī·tin) /ˈkriːtɪn/. 1. An individual whose mental and physical development has been impaired by a deficiency of thyroid hormone during intrauterine or early life, esp. as a result of insufficient iodine in the diet. Cf. cretinism n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > type of > person idiot born1558 cretin1775 cretinist1839 Mongol1896 moron1910 pointy-head1946 Mongoloid1949 1775 T. Blaikie Diary Sc. Gardener 27 July (1931) 59 There is in most places many stupid people called cretins for which the people has a great veneration. 1779 W. Coxe Sketches Swisserland xxi. 269 (note) The species of idiots I have mentioned above, and who are deemed by many authors as peculiar to the Vallais, are called cretins. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 239 The Cretin is hardly a human being... They have all immense heads and more immense goitres. 1891 J. Bland-Sutton Evol. & Dis. xii. 262 Animal cretins occur not only in regions where the disease is endemic in man, but also in England. 1936 A. Huxley Eyeless in Gaza li. 571 How I regret those cretins one used to see in Switzerland when I was a child! They've iodined them out of existence now. 2002 Geogr. Rev. 92 92 The Venus figurines produced by Cro-Magnons also show a close resemblance to myxoedematous cretins. 2. An extremely foolish or stupid person; an idiot, a moron. Also as a general term of abuse or disparagement.In early use frequently in form crétin.Although this sense developed historically from sense 1, the word is now frequently used in this sense without awareness of this history, and is generally not regarded as particularly offensive or derogatory when used in this way. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > [noun] asseOE sotc1000 beastc1225 long-ear?a1300 stock1303 buzzard1377 mis-feelinga1382 dasarta1400 stonea1400 dasiberd14.. dottlec1400 doddypoll1401 dastardc1440 dotterel1440 dullardc1440 wantwit1449 jobardc1475 nollc1475 assheada1500 mulea1500 dull-pate15.. peak1509 dulbert?a1513 doddy-patec1525 noddypolla1529 hammer-head1532 dull-head?1534 capon1542 dolt1543 blockhead1549 cod's head1549 mome1550 grout-head1551 gander1553 skit-brains?1553 blocka1556 calfa1556 tomfool1565 dunce1567 druggard1569 cobble1570 dummel1570 Essex calf1573 jolthead1573 hardhead1576 beetle-head1577 dor-head1577 groutnoll1578 grosshead1580 thickskin1582 noddyship?1589 jobbernowl1592 beetle-brain1593 Dorbel1593 oatmeal-groat1594 loggerhead1595 block-pate1598 cittern-head1598 noddypoop1598 dorbellist1599 numps1599 dor1601 stump1602 ram-head1605 look-like-a-goose1606 ruff1606 clod1607 turf1607 asinego1609 clot-poll1609 doddiea1611 druggle1611 duncecomb1612 ox-head1613 clod-polla1616 dulman1615 jolterhead1620 bullhead1624 dunderwhelpa1625 dunderhead1630 macaroona1631 clod-patea1635 clota1637 dildo1638 clot-pate1640 stupid1640 clod-head1644 stub1644 simpletonian1652 bottle-head1654 Bœotiana1657 vappe1657 lackwit1668 cudden1673 plant-animal1673 dolt-head1679 cabbage head1682 put1688 a piece of wood1691 ouphe1694 dunderpate1697 numbskull1697 leather-head1699 nocky1699 Tom Cony1699 mopus1700 bluff-head1703 clod skull1707 dunny1709 dowf1722 stupe1722 gamphrel1729 gobbin?1746 duncehead1749 half-wit1755 thick-skull1755 jackass1756 woollen-head1756 numbhead1757 beef-head1775 granny1776 stupid-head1792 stunpolla1794 timber-head1794 wether heada1796 dummy1796 noghead1800 staumrel1802 muttonhead1803 num1807 dummkopf1809 tumphya1813 cod's head and shoulders1820 stoopid1823 thick-head1824 gype1825 stob1825 stookiea1828 woodenhead1831 ning-nong1832 log-head1834 fat-head1835 dunderheadism1836 turnip1837 mudhead1838 donkey1840 stupex1843 cabbage1844 morepork1845 lubber-head1847 slowpoke1847 stupiditarian1850 pudding-head1851 cod's head and shoulders1852 putty head1853 moke1855 mullet-head1855 pothead1855 mug1857 thick1857 boodle1862 meathead1863 missing link1863 half-baked1866 lunk1867 turnip-head1869 rummy1872 pumpkin-head1876 tattie1879 chump1883 dully1883 cretin1884 lunkhead1884 mopstick1886 dumbhead1887 peanut head1891 pie-face1891 doughbakea1895 butt-head1896 pinhead1896 cheesehead1900 nyamps1900 box head1902 bonehead1903 chickenhead1903 thickwit1904 cluck1906 boob1907 John1908 mooch1910 nitwit1910 dikkop1913 goop1914 goofus1916 rumdum1916 bone dome1917 moron1917 oik1917 jabroni1919 dumb-bell1920 knob1920 goon1921 dimwit1922 ivory dome1923 stone jug1923 dingleberry1924 gimp1924 bird brain1926 jughead1926 cloth-head1927 dumb1928 gazook1928 mouldwarp1928 ding-dong1929 stupido1929 mook1930 sparrow-brain1930 knobhead1931 dip1932 drip1932 epsilon1932 bohunkus1933 Nimrod1933 dumbass1934 zombie1936 pea-brain1938 knot-head1940 schlump1941 jarhead1942 Joe Soap1943 knuckle-head1944 nong1944 lame-brain1945 gobshite1946 rock-head1947 potato head1948 jerko1949 turkey1951 momo1953 poop-head1955 a right one1958 bam1959 nong-nong1959 dickhead1960 dumbo1960 Herbert1960 lamer1961 bampot1962 dipshit1963 bamstick1965 doofus1965 dick1966 pillock1967 zipperhead1967 dipstick1968 thickie1968 poephol1969 yo-yo1970 doof1971 cockhead1972 nully1973 thicko1976 wazzock1976 motorhead1979 mouth-breather1979 no-brainer1979 jerkwad1980 woodentop1981 dickwad1983 dough ball1983 dickweed1984 bawheid1985 numpty1985 jerkweed1988 dick-sucker1989 knob-end1989 Muppet1989 dingus1997 dicksack1999 eight ball- 1884 W. James in Mind 9 203 Bodily commotions..may be experienced in their fulness by Crétins and Philistines in whom the critical judgment is at its lowest ebb. 1933 J. Joyce Let. 13 Aug. (1966) III. 282 The crétin of a concierge..has misdirected half my mail. 1961 I. Jefferies It wasn't Me! ix. 123 I know I'm a moron and a cretin like you're always calling people. 1990 W. Perriam Fifty-minute Hour (1991) xxiv. 305 Either you change that cretin of a programmer, or I'll go up there myself and throttle him bare-handed. 2004 Independent on Sunday 2 May (Review Suppl.) 7/2 This is exactly how every yammering cretin broadcasting their trivial wittering to fellow bus passengers thinks. 3. Genetics. A mutant variety of sweet pea having a flower thought to resemble a gaping mouth with a protruding tongue; (also) the recessive gene responsible for this trait. Frequently attributive. Now historical and rare. ΚΠ 1911 Jrnl. Genetics 1910–11 1 294 Our original cretin was found in 1907 and was used as the pollen parent to fertilise various sterile sweet peas. 1914 Amer. Naturalist 48 530 The coupling data for this value gives 33 units, which enables us to fix the order of the genes as sterile, light, cretin. 1952 J. G. Crowther Brit. Scientists Twentieth Cent. 288 Punnett has described..how Bateson was revolted by the sight of the ‘cretin’ sweet pea. Derivatives † cretinage n. [probably after French crétinage (1754)] Obsolete = cretinism n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > type of idiotry1488 idiocy1607 cretinage1790 cretinism1791 infantilism1895 mongolism1899 mental handicap1912 1790 Mem. Lit. & Philos. Soc. Manch. 3 266 On the least suspicion of a tendency towards Cretinage, they are sent into the distant mountains to be nursed. 1820 H. Matthews Diary of Invalid 314 Cretinage seems also to be peculiar to mountainous regions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1775
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