crucifyv.

/ˈkruːsɪfʌɪ/

Etymology: < Old French crucifier (12th cent.) = Provençal and Spanish crucificar, representing a late popular Latin type *crucificāre instead of Latin cruci fīgĕre to fasten to the cross, subsequently as one word crucifīgere.

a. transitive. To put to death by nailing or otherwise fastening to a cross; an ancient mode of capital punishment among Greeks, Romans, and other peoples; by the Greeks and Romans considered specially ignominious.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (transitive)] > crucify

ahangOE

hangc1000

crucify1382

croisea1400

crossa1400

crucifix1484

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. xxi. 6 Be there ȝouun to us seuen men of the sonys of hem, that we crucifien hem to the Lord in Gabaa of Saul.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xix. 15 Thei cryeden, seyinge, Do awey, do awey; crucifie hym.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18273 Þis ilk iesu to crucifi [Trin. Cambr. crucifie; c1460 Laud Crucefie].

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxiii. f. clv About this tyme..y^e Iues vpon Ester euyn, crucifyed a chyld named wyllyam in y^e Cytie of Norwych.

1596 E. Spenser Hymne Heavenly Love 244 Twixt robbers crucifyde.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xv Malefactors and persons to be crucified.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 223 He was led to Artaphernes, who immediately ordered him to be crucified.

b. transferred. †(a) To fasten or nail to the pillory (obsolete); (b) see quot. 1890.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > public or popular punishments > [verb (transitive)] > set in stocks or pillory > fasten or nail to pillory

crucify1674

1674 S. Butler Epist. to Sidrophel in Hudibras (new ed.) ii. 393 William Pryn's [ears], before they were Retrench'd, and Crucify'd.

1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 July 2/1 A man and a woman were sentenced..to..penal servitude..for the crime of ‘crucifying’ a child. By ‘crucifying’ was meant tying down the child..and beating the helpless little body with a belt.

2. figurative.

a. In religious use: To mortify, with reference to the Crucifixion of Christ; esp. to destroy the power of (passions, sins, the flesh, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [verb (transitive)] > mortify

crucifyc1320

mortify?c1422

cruciate1575

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > practise asceticism or mortification [verb (transitive)]

crucifyc1320

mortify?c1422

cruciate1575

c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 608 Beholde þe peynes of þy sauyour, And crucyfye þyn herte with grete dolour.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 241 Þet word þet..sainte paul zayde..‘Þe wordle..is y-crucefyed to me and ich to þe wordle’.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Gal. v. 24 Thei that ben of Crist, han crucified her fleisch with vices and concupiscencis.

1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Rom. vi. 6 Oure olde man is crucified with him also, that the body of synne myght vtterly be destroyed.

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) i. ii. 14 The faint struglings of an Higher life within them, which they crucifie again by their wicked Sensuality.

1814 R. Southey Roderick xvii Help me, O my God, That I may crucify this inward foe!

†b. To afflict with severe pain or distress; to excruciate.

c. To torment, to prove a ‘crux’ to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > a profound secret, mystery > puzzle, enigma, riddle > have effect of a riddle [verb (transitive)]

crucify1621

riddle1817

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)]

abobc1330

confusec1350

confoundc1374

cumbera1375

passc1384

maskerc1400

mopc1425

enose1430

manga1450

overmusec1460

perplex1477

maze1482

enmuse1502

ruffle?a1505

unsteady1532

entangle1540

duddle1548

intricate1548

distraught1579

distract1582

mizzle1583

moider1587

amuse1595

mist1598

bepuzzle1599

gravel1601

plunder1601

puzzle1603

intrigue1612

vexa1613

metagrobolize?a1616

befumea1618

fuddle1617

crucify1621

bumfiddlea1625

implicate1625

giddify1628

wilder1642

buzzlea1644

empuzzle1646

dunce1649

addle1652

meander1652

emberlucock1653

flounder1654

study1654

disorient1655

embarrass?1656

essome1660

embrangle1664

jumble1668

dunt1672

muse1673

clutter1685

emblustricate1693

fluster1720

disorientate1728

obfuscate1729

fickle1736

flustrate1797

unharmonize1797

mystify1806

maffle1811

boggle1835

unballast1836

stomber1841

throw1844

serpentine1850

unbalance1856

tickle1865

fog1872

bumfuzzle1878

wander1897

to put off1909

defeat1914

dither1919

befuddle1926

ungear1931

to screw up1941

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)]

quelmeOE

eatc1000

martyrOE

fretc1175

woundc1175

to-fret?c1225

gnawc1230

to-traya1250

torment1297

renda1333

anguish1340

grindc1350

wringc1374

debreakc1384

ofpinec1390

rivea1400

urn1488

reboil1528

whip1530

cruciate1532

pinch1548

spur-galla1555

agonize1570

rack1576

cut1582

excruciate1590

scorchc1595

discruciate1596

butcher1597

split1597

torture1598

lacerate1600

harrow1603

hell1614

to eat upa1616

arrow1628

martyrize1652

percruciate1656

tear1666

crucify1702

flay1782

wrench1798

kill1800

to cut up1843

society > armed hostility > military organization > organize military affairs [verb (transitive)] > punish

log1816

buck1865

crucify1940

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy Democritus to Rdr. 14 As much trouble as to perfect the Motion of Mars and Mercurie, which so much crucifies our Astrologers.

1702 J. Young in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1280 After she had been thus crucified four days her Urine also stopt.

1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 154 Old puns restore, lost blunders nicely seek, And crucify poor Shakespear once a week.

1823 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 2nd Ser. II. 363 It might..crucify the critical intuition of the ablest of commentators.

1921 D. H. Lawrence Tortoises 45 Why were we crucified into sex?

1940 H. L. Ickes Diary 10 Aug. in Secret Diary (1954) III. 297 He knew he would be crucified when he reached his own country.

1947 A. Miller All my Sons (1958) i. 81 Ann. Don't you hold anything against him? Keller. Annie, I never believed in crucifying people.

1960 News Chron. 15 July 3/3 If I was an hour or two late for filming, I was just about crucified.

1971 Sunday Times 24 Jan. 29/5 I do wish David Coleman wouldn't say ‘Is the TV action replay crucifying referees?’ I don't much mind what TV does to referees, but I do mind what it does to the language.

d. To subject to ‘crucifixion’ (see crucifixion n. 2c).

3. ? To put to the crucible. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1471 G. Ripley Compound of Alchymy x, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 178 Whych must be Crusyfyed and examynat.

4. To cross, place cross-wise. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > arms or hands > specific arms

foldc1374

shut1614

wreathea1616

crucify1633

hyperabduct1945

1633 J. Shirley Bird in Cage ii. i I do not despair..You see I do not wear my hat in my eyes, crucify my arms.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	crucify
释义	crucifyv. /ˈkruːsɪfʌɪ/ Etymology: < Old French crucifier (12th cent.) = Provençal and Spanish crucificar, representing a late popular Latin type crucificāre instead of Latin cruci fīgĕre* to fasten to the cross, subsequently as one word crucifīgere. 1. a. transitive. To put to death by nailing or otherwise fastening to a cross; an ancient mode of capital punishment among Greeks, Romans, and other peoples; by the Greeks and Romans considered specially ignominious. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (transitive)] > crucify ahangOE hangc1000 crucify1382 croisea1400 crossa1400 crucifix1484 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. xxi. 6 Be there ȝouun to us seuen men of the sonys of hem, that we crucifien hem to the Lord in Gabaa of Saul. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xix. 15 Thei cryeden, seyinge, Do awey, do awey; crucifie hym. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18273 Þis ilk iesu to crucifi [Trin. Cambr. crucifie; c1460 Laud Crucefie]. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxiii. f. clv About this tyme..y^e Iues vpon Ester euyn, crucifyed a chyld named wyllyam in y^e Cytie of Norwych. 1596 E. Spenser Hymne Heavenly Love 244 Twixt robbers crucifyde. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xv Malefactors and persons to be crucified. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 223 He was led to Artaphernes, who immediately ordered him to be crucified. b. transferred. †(a) To fasten or nail to the pillory (obsolete); (b) see quot. 1890. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > public or popular punishments > [verb (transitive)] > set in stocks or pillory > fasten or nail to pillory crucify1674 1674 S. Butler Epist. to Sidrophel in Hudibras (new ed.) ii. 393 William Pryn's [ears], before they were Retrench'd, and Crucify'd. 1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 July 2/1 A man and a woman were sentenced..to..penal servitude..for the crime of ‘crucifying’ a child. By ‘crucifying’ was meant tying down the child..and beating the helpless little body with a belt. 2. figurative. a. In religious use: To mortify, with reference to the Crucifixion of Christ; esp. to destroy the power of (passions, sins, the flesh, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [verb (transitive)] > mortify crucifyc1320 mortify?c1422 cruciate1575 society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > practise asceticism or mortification [verb (transitive)] crucifyc1320 mortify?c1422 cruciate1575 c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 608 Beholde þe peynes of þy sauyour, And crucyfye þyn herte with grete dolour. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 241 Þet word þet..sainte paul zayde..‘Þe wordle..is y-crucefyed to me and ich to þe wordle’. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Gal. v. 24 Thei that ben of Crist, han crucified her fleisch with vices and concupiscencis. 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Rom. vi. 6 Oure olde man is crucified with him also, that the body of synne myght vtterly be destroyed. a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) i. ii. 14 The faint struglings of an Higher life within them, which they crucifie again by their wicked Sensuality. 1814 R. Southey Roderick xvii Help me, O my God, That I may crucify this inward foe! †b. To afflict with severe pain or distress; to excruciate. c. To torment, to prove a ‘crux’ to. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > a profound secret, mystery > puzzle, enigma, riddle > have effect of a riddle [verb (transitive)] crucify1621 riddle1817 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)] abobc1330 confusec1350 confoundc1374 cumbera1375 passc1384 maskerc1400 mopc1425 enose1430 manga1450 overmusec1460 perplex1477 maze1482 enmuse1502 ruffle?a1505 unsteady1532 entangle1540 duddle1548 intricate1548 distraught1579 distract1582 mizzle1583 moider1587 amuse1595 mist1598 bepuzzle1599 gravel1601 plunder1601 puzzle1603 intrigue1612 vexa1613 metagrobolize?a1616 befumea1618 fuddle1617 crucify1621 bumfiddlea1625 implicate1625 giddify1628 wilder1642 buzzlea1644 empuzzle1646 dunce1649 addle1652 meander1652 emberlucock1653 flounder1654 study1654 disorient1655 embarrass?1656 essome1660 embrangle1664 jumble1668 dunt1672 muse1673 clutter1685 emblustricate1693 fluster1720 disorientate1728 obfuscate1729 fickle1736 flustrate1797 unharmonize1797 mystify1806 maffle1811 boggle1835 unballast1836 stomber1841 throw1844 serpentine1850 unbalance1856 tickle1865 fog1872 bumfuzzle1878 wander1897 to put off1909 defeat1914 dither1919 befuddle1926 ungear1931 to screw up1941 the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)] quelmeOE eatc1000 martyrOE fretc1175 woundc1175 to-fret?c1225 gnawc1230 to-traya1250 torment1297 renda1333 anguish1340 grindc1350 wringc1374 debreakc1384 ofpinec1390 rivea1400 urn1488 reboil1528 whip1530 cruciate1532 pinch1548 spur-galla1555 agonize1570 rack1576 cut1582 excruciate1590 scorchc1595 discruciate1596 butcher1597 split1597 torture1598 lacerate1600 harrow1603 hell1614 to eat upa1616 arrow1628 martyrize1652 percruciate1656 tear1666 crucify1702 flay1782 wrench1798 kill1800 to cut up1843 society > armed hostility > military organization > organize military affairs [verb (transitive)] > punish log1816 buck1865 crucify1940 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy Democritus to Rdr. 14 As much trouble as to perfect the Motion of Mars and Mercurie, which so much crucifies our Astrologers. 1702 J. Young in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1280 After she had been thus crucified four days her Urine also stopt. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 154 Old puns restore, lost blunders nicely seek, And crucify poor Shakespear once a week. 1823 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 2nd Ser. II. 363 It might..crucify the critical intuition of the ablest of commentators. 1921 D. H. Lawrence Tortoises 45 Why were we crucified into sex? 1940 H. L. Ickes Diary 10 Aug. in Secret Diary (1954) III. 297 He knew he would be crucified when he reached his own country. 1947 A. Miller All my Sons (1958) i. 81 Ann. Don't you hold anything against him? Keller. Annie, I never believed in crucifying people. 1960 News Chron. 15 July 3/3 If I was an hour or two late for filming, I was just about crucified. 1971 Sunday Times 24 Jan. 29/5 I do wish David Coleman wouldn't say ‘Is the TV action replay crucifying referees?’ I don't much mind what TV does to referees, but I do mind what it does to the language. d. To subject to ‘crucifixion’ (see crucifixion n. 2c). 3. ? To put to the crucible. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1471 G. Ripley Compound of Alchymy x, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 178 Whych must be Crusyfyed and examynat. 4. To cross, place cross-wise. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > arms or hands > specific arms foldc1374 shut1614 wreathea1616 crucify1633 hyperabduct1945 1633 J. Shirley Bird in Cage ii. i I do not despair..You see I do not wear my hat in my eyes, crucify my arms. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.c1320
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