abysmaladj.

Brit.

/əˈbɪzml/, U.S.

/əˈbɪzm(ə)l/

Forms: 1600s– abysmal, 1800s– abyssmal.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: abysm n., -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < abysm n. + -al suffix¹. Compare earlier abyssal adj.

1. Of, relating to, or resembling an abyss; bottomless; profound; spec.: of, resembling, or relating to Hell; hellish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [adjective] > very

groundlessc888

bottomlessc1400

profound?a1425

neal1574

soundlessc1595

insoundable1602

gulfy1607

unbottomed1615

depthless1619

unsoundable1629

chin-deep1634

fathomless1638

abysming1644

unfounded1648

abysmal1656

plumbless1665

unfathomablea1676

chasmy1793

fathom-deep1835

plummetlessc1861

chasmal1871

abyssal1903

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Abysmal, deep, bottomless.

1761 J. MacGowan Arians & Socinians Monitor 24 I was..swallowed into the craving womb, of abysmal hell.

1780 Poem Late Calamities Eng. 8 Who bids in bick'ring fume before my eyes Th' Abysmal Despot, gaunt Abaddon, rise?

1865 Sat. Rev. 4 Feb. 146/1 Madame had carious teeth, abysmal eyes, and a wide wet grin.

1910 R. Brooke Let. Jan. (1968) 216 That abysmal darkness..inspired me with thousands of Hardyesque short poems.

1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Nov. 1418/1 Best known in this country for his historic descent to the abysmal depths of the Atlantic Ocean.

2. figurative.

a. In hyperbolical use: of great depth; profound, extreme.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective]

hardOE

heavyc1000

highOE

highlyOE

stourc1275

largec1330

intensec1400

violent1430

profoundc1450

vehementc1485

intensive1526

advanceda1533

vengeable1532

Herculean1602

well-advanced1602

deep1605

dense1732

abysmal1817

intensitive1835

holy1837

high-level1860

major1942

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 83 ‘Only fourpence,’ (O! how I felt the anti-climax, the abysmal bathos of that fourpence)!

1847 N. Amer. Rev. July 211 Hollow-cheeked want and abysmal ignorance, in a frieze jacket and corduroy smalls, would become plump satiety and Arcadian simplicity, in a doublet and hose.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. x. lv. 546 The government of Nero..at this moment..presented a spectacle of awful cruelty and abysmal degradation.

1898 School Rev. 6 261 The detached sentences..with their often abysmal silliness of idea.

1946 French Rev. 19 172 Another august body..discovered abysmal ignorance of American history among college students.

1996 J. Updike In Beauty of Lilies 312 In that pretty young face suddenly crumbling with age had loomed an abysmal cruelty of horizonless time and space.

b. Of an exceptionally poor standard or quality; extremely bad, appalling.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective]

evil971

lowc1175

poor?c1225

feeblec1275

vilea1300

petty1372

unthende1377

secondary1386

petitc1390

unmeeta1393

illa1400

commonc1400

coarse1424

indigent1426

unlikelyc1450

lesser1464

gross1474

naughty1526

inferior1531

reprobate?1545

slender1577

unlikely1578

puny1579

under1580

wooden1592

sordid1596

puisne1598

provant1601

subministrant1604

inferious1607

sublunary1624

indifferent1638

undermatched1642

unworthy1646

underly1648

turncoated1650

female1652

undergraduate1655

farandinical1675

baddishc1736

ungenerous1745

understrapping1762

tinnified1794

demi-semi1805

shabby1805

dicky1819

poor white1821

tin-pot1838

deterior1848

substandard1850

crumby1859

cheesy1863

po'1866

not-quite1867

rocky1873

mouldy1876

low-grade1878

sketchy1878

midget1879

junky1880

ullaged1892

abysmal1904

bodgie1905

junk1908

crap1936

ropy1941

bodger1945

two-star1951

tripey1955

manky1958

schlocky1960

cack1978

wank1991

bowf1994

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme > specifically of something bad or reprobated

woefula1400

mortalc1425

preciousc1475

fine1559

trim1569

gay1581

unconscionable1590

pocky1601

abominable1612

fearful1634

handsome1638

plaguey1694

dreadful1700

awfy1724

murrain1728

diabolical1750

deuced1782

dire1836

sinful1863

sodding1881

blooming1882

flaming1895

ruddy1896

abysmal1904

awful1916

hellishing1927

right1958

steaming1962

schwag1993

1904 H. James Golden Bowl ii. xxviii. 345 She had..told her maid, a new woman, whom she had lately found herself thinking of as abysmal, that she didn't want her.

1933 D. Thomas Let. ?15 Oct. (1985) 25 I always said his taste was abysmal.

1965 G. Melly Owning-up vi. 59 I can still remember some of the abysmal patter which he delivered.

1984 N.Y. Times 10 July a23/1 Guatemala's abysmal human rights record.

2010 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. 6 Feb. a17 Her school French is imperfect and her kid French is abysmal.

3. Oceanography. = abyssal adj. 2. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1869 Nature 9 Dec. 167/2 Abysmal life is not represented merely by microscopic organisms.

1898 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 6 525 The abysmal edge of the [continental] shelf.

1911 Geol. Mag. 8 243 The typical volcanic rocks of abysmal depressions.

1978 G. Murchie Seven Myst. Life i. 29 Life in the abysmal depths of the oceans..is much more difficult to observe than at comparable heights above sea level.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	abysmal
释义	abysmaladj. Brit. /əˈbɪzml/, U.S. /əˈbɪzm(ə)l/ Forms: 1600s– abysmal, 1800s– abyssmal. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: abysm n., -al suffix¹. Etymology: < abysm n. + -al suffix¹. Compare earlier abyssal adj. 1. Of, relating to, or resembling an abyss; bottomless; profound; spec.: of, resembling, or relating to Hell; hellish. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [adjective] > very groundlessc888 bottomlessc1400 profound?a1425 neal1574 soundlessc1595 insoundable1602 gulfy1607 unbottomed1615 depthless1619 unsoundable1629 chin-deep1634 fathomless1638 abysming1644 unfounded1648 abysmal1656 plumbless1665 unfathomablea1676 chasmy1793 fathom-deep1835 plummetlessc1861 chasmal1871 abyssal1903 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Abysmal, deep, bottomless. 1761 J. MacGowan Arians & Socinians Monitor 24 I was..swallowed into the craving womb, of abysmal hell. 1780 Poem Late Calamities Eng. 8 Who bids in bick'ring fume before my eyes Th' Abysmal Despot, gaunt Abaddon, rise? 1865 Sat. Rev. 4 Feb. 146/1 Madame had carious teeth, abysmal eyes, and a wide wet grin. 1910 R. Brooke Let. Jan. (1968) 216 That abysmal darkness..inspired me with thousands of Hardyesque short poems. 1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Nov. 1418/1 Best known in this country for his historic descent to the abysmal depths of the Atlantic Ocean. 2. figurative. a. In hyperbolical use: of great depth; profound, extreme. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] hardOE heavyc1000 highOE highlyOE stourc1275 largec1330 intensec1400 violent1430 profoundc1450 vehementc1485 intensive1526 advanceda1533 vengeable1532 Herculean1602 well-advanced1602 deep1605 dense1732 abysmal1817 intensitive1835 holy1837 high-level1860 major1942 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 83 ‘Only fourpence,’ (O! how I felt the anti-climax, the abysmal bathos of that fourpence)! 1847 N. Amer. Rev. July 211 Hollow-cheeked want and abysmal ignorance, in a frieze jacket and corduroy smalls, would become plump satiety and Arcadian simplicity, in a doublet and hose. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. x. lv. 546 The government of Nero..at this moment..presented a spectacle of awful cruelty and abysmal degradation. 1898 School Rev. 6 261 The detached sentences..with their often abysmal silliness of idea. 1946 French Rev. 19 172 Another august body..discovered abysmal ignorance of American history among college students. 1996 J. Updike In Beauty of Lilies 312 In that pretty young face suddenly crumbling with age had loomed an abysmal cruelty of horizonless time and space. b. Of an exceptionally poor standard or quality; extremely bad, appalling. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] evil971 lowc1175 poor?c1225 feeblec1275 vilea1300 petty1372 unthende1377 secondary1386 petitc1390 unmeeta1393 illa1400 commonc1400 coarse1424 indigent1426 unlikelyc1450 lesser1464 gross1474 naughty1526 inferior1531 reprobate?1545 slender1577 unlikely1578 puny1579 under1580 wooden1592 sordid1596 puisne1598 provant1601 subministrant1604 inferious1607 sublunary1624 indifferent1638 undermatched1642 unworthy1646 underly1648 turncoated1650 female1652 undergraduate1655 farandinical1675 baddishc1736 ungenerous1745 understrapping1762 tinnified1794 demi-semi1805 shabby1805 dicky1819 poor white1821 tin-pot1838 deterior1848 substandard1850 crumby1859 cheesy1863 po'1866 not-quite1867 rocky1873 mouldy1876 low-grade1878 sketchy1878 midget1879 junky1880 ullaged1892 abysmal1904 bodgie1905 junk1908 crap1936 ropy1941 bodger1945 two-star1951 tripey1955 manky1958 schlocky1960 cack1978 wank1991 bowf1994 the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme > specifically of something bad or reprobated woefula1400 mortalc1425 preciousc1475 fine1559 trim1569 gay1581 unconscionable1590 pocky1601 abominable1612 fearful1634 handsome1638 plaguey1694 dreadful1700 awfy1724 murrain1728 diabolical1750 deuced1782 dire1836 sinful1863 sodding1881 blooming1882 flaming1895 ruddy1896 abysmal1904 awful1916 hellishing1927 right1958 steaming1962 schwag1993 1904 H. James Golden Bowl ii. xxviii. 345 She had..told her maid, a new woman, whom she had lately found herself thinking of as abysmal, that she didn't want her. 1933 D. Thomas Let. ?15 Oct. (1985) 25 I always said his taste was abysmal. 1965 G. Melly Owning-up vi. 59 I can still remember some of the abysmal patter which he delivered. 1984 N.Y. Times 10 July a23/1 Guatemala's abysmal human rights record. 2010 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. 6 Feb. a17 Her school French is imperfect and her kid French is abysmal. 3. Oceanography. = abyssal adj. 2. Now rare. ΚΠ 1869 Nature 9 Dec. 167/2 Abysmal life is not represented merely by microscopic organisms. 1898 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 6 525 The abysmal edge of the [continental] shelf. 1911 Geol. Mag. 8 243 The typical volcanic rocks of abysmal depressions. 1978 G. Murchie Seven Myst. Life i. 29 Life in the abysmal depths of the oceans..is much more difficult to observe than at comparable heights above sea level. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1656
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