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单词 crop
释义

cropn.

Brit. /krɒp/, U.S. /krɑp/
Forms: Old English– crop; also Old English–1500s cropp, Middle English–1600s croppe, Middle English–1600s crope, (Middle English crowpe, croupe, in sense 1), 1600s–1800s Scottish and dialect crap.
Etymology: Old English crop(p = Old Low German *crop(p , Middle Dutch crop(p , Middle Low German, Low German and Dutch krop , Old High German chropf , Middle High German, German kropf , ‘swelling in the neck, wen, craw of a bird’, in Old Norse kroppr hump or bunch on the body, Swedish kropp the body, Danish krop swelling under the throat. These various applications indicate a primitive sense of ‘swollen protuberance or excrescence, bunch’. The word has passed from German into Romanic as French croupe , and Italian groppo , French groupe : see croup n.1, group n. Old English had only sense 1, ‘craw of a bird’, and 3, ‘rounded head or top of a herb’; the latter is found also in High German dialects (Grimm, Kropf 4 c); the further developments of ‘head or top’ generally, and of ‘produce of the field, etc.’, appear to be exclusively English. The senses under IV are new formations from the verb, and might be treated as a distinct word.
I. A round protuberance or swelling, the craw.
1.
a. A pouch-like enlargement of the œsophagus or gullet in many birds, in which the food undergoes a partial preparation for digestion before passing on to the true stomach; the craw.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > crop
cropc1000
craw1388
maw1586
c1000 Ælfric Leviticus i. 16 Wurp þone cropp & þa federa wiðæftan þæt weofod.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xliv. 161 The mete of fowles is kepte in the croppe as it were in a propre spence.
14.. J. Wyclif (MS.S.) Lev. i. 16 The litil bladdir of the throte or the cropp.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 101/1 Crawe, or crowpe of a byrde.
1486 Bk. St. Albans C vij b Hawkys that haue payne in theyr croupes.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 16v He commaunded the croppe to bee opened of suche as were newely kylled.
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 207 They haue a crap on the belly from the chin to the breast, like the crap of a Bird.
1780 W. Cowper Nightingale & Glow-worm 12 Stooping down..He thought to put him in his crop.
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life Introd. 52 The oesophagus..often expands into a crop.
b. An analogous organ in other animals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > crop
ingluvies1728
crop1835
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 535/1 In the Nautilus it [the gullet] is dilated into a pyriform crop.
1881 C. Darwin Form. Veg. Mould i. 17 In most of the species, the œsophagus is enlarged into a crop in front of the gizzard.
†c. The dewlap of an ox; a wen in the neck.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > cyst
wenc1000
crop1599
steatoma1599
hydatid1683
atheroma1706
cyst1731
sac1802
hygroma1813
galactocele1850
dacryops1857
ovule of Naboth1857
hydatid of Morgagni1858
thrombocyst1860
monocyst1869
cystoid1872
cystoma1876
sarcocyst1892
Baker's cyst1893
milk thrombus1895
sweat-cyst1898
tubulocystc1900
sweat vesicle1901
seroma1919
macrocyst1953
macrocyst1980
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > dewlap
freshlapa1398
dewlap1398
lap1398
crop1599
crest1607
lap-lock1648
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 89/2 When anye man hath a croppe growinge on him..applye it on the Croppe, and it helpeth.
a1626 J. Horsey Relacion Trav. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) 220 A goodly fare white bull..his crop or gorg hanging down to his knees before him.
2. transferred and figurative. The stomach or maw; also the throat. Now Scottish and dialect. Cf. gizzard n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > stomach or belly > [noun]
maweOE
wombOE
codc1275
cropc1325
gut1362
stomachc1374
bellyc1375
pauncha1393
flanka1398
heartc1400
kitchen?a1500
kytec1540
micklewame1566
craw1574
ventricle1574
pudding house1583
buck1607
wame1611
ventricule1677
ventriculus1710
victualling-office1751
breadbasket1753
haggis1757
haggis bagc1775
baggie1786
pechan1786
manyplies1787
middle piece1817
inner man1856
inner woman1857
tum-tum1864
tum1867
tummy1867
keg1887
stummick1888
kishke1902
shit-bag1902
Little Mary1903
puku1917
Maconochie1919
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > throat or gullet > [noun]
rakeeOE
cudeOE
weasanda1000
chelc1000
throatOE
garget13..
gorgec1390
oesophagusa1398
meria1400
oesophagea1400
swallowa1400
cannelc1400
gull1412
channelc1425
halsec1440
gully1538
encla?1541
stomach?1541
lane1542
weasand-pipe1544
throttlea1547
meat-pipe1553
gargil1558
guttur1562
cropc1580
gurgulio1630
gule1659
gutter lane1684
red lane1701
swallow-pipe1786
neck1818
gullet-pipe1837
foodway1904
c1325 Pol. Songs (Camden) 238 The knave crommeth is crop Er the cok crawe.
a1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) xxiii. 217 I xal this daggare putt in his croppe.
c1580 Merry Ieste 88 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. IV. 184 Which sore would sticke then in thy crop.
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. (1776) 31 (Jam.) He has a crap for a' corn.
1808–25 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) That'll craw in your crap, that will be recollected to your discredit, it will be matter of reproach to you.
1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Crop, applied to the throat, or locality of the windpipe. One who manifests hoarseness is alluded to as having a ‘reasty crop’.
II. The (rounded) head; the top part.
†3.
a. The ‘head’ of a herb, flower, etc., esp. as gathered for culinary or medicinal purposes; a cyme; an ear of corn, a young sprout, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > head or heart > [noun] > head or top
cropa700
top?1523
head1577
headlet1577
come1578
pome1658
cyma1706
cyme1725
capitulum1791
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun]
cropa700
berryc1000
grainc1315
blobc1750
a700 Epinal Gloss. 60 Acitelum, hramsa crop.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke vi. 1 Ðegnas his ða croppas eton.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 135 Tursus, cimia, crop.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 149 Cima, crop.
c1350 in Archæol. XXX. 356 Take sanycle and ye crop of ye brembelys..Ye crop of ye reednettyle.
c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Cij Mure cokis and hennis, quhilk etis nocht bot seid or croppis of hadder.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 97 When the Nettle is young..they vse to eat the crops therof for a pleasant kind of meat.
1698 W. Harris & J. Keill tr. N. Lémery Course Chym. (ed. 3) ii. xix. 572 Take two pounds of Rosemary Flowers, the Leaves of Rosemary, the crops of Thyme, Savory, Lavender, etc.
1786 R. Burns Poems 39 Whare ye sit, on craps o' heather.
b. Architecture. A bunch of foliage terminating a pinnacle, etc.; a finial.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > foliage
crop1480
festoon1652
foliation1815
stiff-leaf1851
1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 401 A le gargoyle vsque le cropp qui finit le stonework.
1846 Ecclesiologist V. 214 The ‘crop’ is a bunch of foliage surmounting a crocketed canopy, and resulting from the concurrence of the two topmost crockets.
1848 B. Webb Sketches Continental Ecclesiol. 60 With crockets and a crop above a two-light window.
†4. The ‘head’ or top of a tree. Sometimes (with plural), A topmost branch. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > [noun] > tree-top
cropa1300
heada1387
tree-crop14..
tree-copc1425
treetop1530
crownet1578
crown1589
coma1870
stag-horn1879
a1300 Signs bef. Judgem. in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 10 Þe sefþe dai hit [the tree] sal grow aȝe har crop adun har rote an hei.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 81 In Inde a crop of a figge tree is so huge..þat meny companyes of men may sitte at þe mete wel i-now þere vnder.
1399 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) I. 365 Hewe hit downe crop and rote.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) lxv. 186 He sawe the Ape..in the croppe of a tree.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xiv. 95 Tha band his tua armis vitht cordis to the crops of ane of the treis.
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vi. sig. P.ivv So from the tree the golden braunche did shewe..Æneas..caught a crop with much ado.
5. figurative, esp. in crop and root, implying the completeness or thoroughness of anything: cf. ‘root and branch’. Now Scottish.
ΚΠ
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 69 Fals y wes in crop ant rote.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 25 She that was sothfaste crop and moore Of al his lust or ioyes here-to-fore.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxiii. 53 Antecrist cam þenne and al þe crop of treuthe Turned tyte vp-so-doun.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 125 Hayll, Dauid sede! Of oure crede thou art crop.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. x. 116 Baith crop and ruyte and hed of sik myscheif.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 129 To..sweip out the bischopis of bothe nationis cropt and root.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 30 (Jam.) I tauld you crap and root, Fan I came here.
6. gen. The top of anything material. Scottish.
ΚΠ
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. iii. 91 Ourslidand lychtly the croppis of the wallis [=waves].
1808–25 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. at Crap The crap of the earth, the surface of the ground..The crap of the wa', the highest part of it in the inner side of a house. The cones of firs are called fir-craps.
1835 H. Miller Scenes & Legends N. Scotl. xvii. 293 A grip that would spin the bluid out at the craps o' a chield's fingers.
1868 G. MacDonald Robert Falconer I. 271 She proceeded..to search for them in the crap o' the wa', that is, on the top of the wall where the rafters rest.
7. spec.
a. ‘The top or uppermost section of a fishing-rod’ (Jamieson). Now Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > rod > [noun] > top part of rod
cropa1450
top1676
fly-top1706
tip1891
a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 8 Set your crop an honful withyn þe ovir ende of ȝowr stafe. Than arme ȝowr crop at þe ovir ende..with a lyn of vi herys.
1496 Treat. Fysshynge wyth Angle in Bk. St. Albans (rev. ed.) sig. hv But kepe hym euer vnder the rodde..soo that your lyne may susteyne and beere his lepys and his plungys wyth the helpe of your cropp and of your honde.
1808–25 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) The crap of a fishing-wand.
b. The upper part of a whip; hence the whole stock or handle of a whip.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > handle > of specific tool > of whip
whipstock1530
crop1562
whipstalk1592
whipstaff1599
whip-shaft1849
whip-handle1911
1562 W. Bullein Bk. Use Sicke Men f. lviv, in Bulwarke of Defence A long whipstocke, with croppe and laniarde.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Crop..the Handle of a Coach-man's Whip.
1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting (1802) ii. 42 The whips I use are coach-whips, three feet long, the thong half the length of the crop.
1846 R. E. Egerton-Warburton Hunting Songs (new ed.) 72 Here's to the music in three feet of tin, And here's to the tapering crop, Sir.
1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin iv. 33 He admonished the wheeler with the ‘crop’ of his whip.
c. esp. A short straight whipstock with a handle and a short leather loop in place of the lash, used in the hunting field; more fully hunting-crop.
ΚΠ
1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone iv. 30 Hunting~crops and heavy cutting-whips.
1877 R. H. Roberts Harry Holbrooke of Holbrooke Hall i. 17 His crop had fallen out of his hands.
III. The produce of the field, etc. [ < sense 3]
8.
a. The annual produce of plants cultivated or preserved for food, esp. that of the cereals; the produce of the land, either while growing or when gathered; harvest.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun]
wastumc888
tiltha1100
estrea1300
madder-cropc1300
gainage1390
cropa1400
yieldingc1405
emblement1495
burden?1523
increase1535
field-ware1546
gather1555
esplees1598
husbandrya1616
glebe1660
warea1661
récolte1669
tilling1680
tillage1681
stuffa1687
growing1722
bearing1747
raccolta1748
the crops1789
plant1832
raising1857
cropping1861
c1213 in T. Madox Formulare Anglic. ccxxii Donec inde duos croppos perceperint.]
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3103 O corn, o crop, aght an[d] catell [Trin. Cambr. Of crop of corn & oþere catel], To godd his tend þar gafe he lele.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 8280 Þare he gaue all stayndrope With purtenance, wode and croppe.
1546 Supplic. Poor Commons sig. b.i No man myght..glene his grounde after he had gathered of his croppe.
1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. i. 28 Bewitch not by any Charme any other man's Crop.
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 121 The Husbandman looks not for a crop in the wild desart.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 109 He was not even entitled to reap the crop, as other tenants at will were.
b. in, under, out of crop: i.e. the condition of bearing crops; tillage, cultivation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adverb]
unhusbandly1607
under-thorough1733
in, under, out of crop1791
under the plough1795
1791 Statist. Acc. Dumfr. I. 181 (Jam. at Croft-land) A few acres of what is called croft-land, which was never out of crop.
1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Bowden It is in general level, and about three-fourths are under crop.
1892 Times (Weekly ed.) 16 Dec. 8/1 Including 75,833 acres in crop and grass.
9.
a. With qualification or contextual specification: The yield or produce of some particular cereal or other plant in a single season or in a particular locality. the crops: the whole of the plants which engage the agricultural industry of a particular district or season.black crop, green crop, white crop, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > a specific crop
cropc1440
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun]
wastumc888
tiltha1100
estrea1300
madder-cropc1300
gainage1390
cropa1400
yieldingc1405
emblement1495
burden?1523
increase1535
field-ware1546
gather1555
esplees1598
husbandrya1616
glebe1660
warea1661
récolte1669
tilling1680
tillage1681
stuffa1687
growing1722
bearing1747
raccolta1748
the crops1789
plant1832
raising1857
cropping1861
1322 Literæ Cantuar. (Rolls) I. 82 Cum cropa frumenti..cropa vescarum..et cropa avenarum.]
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 104 Croppe of corne yn a yere (ȝere K.), annona.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 211/1 Croppe of corne, leuee de terre.
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. L7v They turned in their stubble to sow another croppe of wheate in the same place.
1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 8 No crops are yet got in.
1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon vii. 156 The common course of crops through this district may be stated—as, wheat, barley, oats, clover with hievre, first year mown.
1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) II. 182 The ground..is only sown with a white crop one year, and the next with a green one to cut for fresh fodder, as lucerne, sanfoin, trefoil or clover.
1849 A. Helps Friends in Council II. 91 Many a long talk about the crops and the weather.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxxvi. 227 You 'll lose your bet on the cotton crop.
b. The annual or season's yield of any natural product.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > farm produce
yearc1384
yieldingc1405
yieldc1440
birtha1500
newinga1549
stock and teind1574
yieldance1641
produce1725
produit net1774
cropa1825
farm store1848
out-take1866
agriproduct1969
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Crop, annual produce, as well animal as vegetable. We talk of crops of lambs, turkeys, geese, etc.
1879 Lumberman's Gaz. 15 Oct. Cutting their next season's crop of logs.
1884 Cassell's Family Mag. Feb. 188/1 The total annual ice-crop of the States is twenty million tons.
10. The entire skin or hide of an animal tanned. Also short for crop-hide n., crop-leather n. at Compounds 3. (Cf. englische kröpfe and kropfen in Grimm 2395, 2400.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > entire skin
crop1457
crop-hide1794
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > leather from ox, cow, or buffalo
neat's leather?a1425
buff-leather1574
buff-hide1589
buff-skin1589
cowhide1728
robe1761
Grecian leather1852
crop1858
crop-leather1858
steerhide1921
1457 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 13 Togam meam penulatam cum croppes de grey [? badger skins].
1486 Will of Thomas Marsh (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/8) f. 5v Togam..furratam cum croppys.
1856 R. Gardiner Handbk. of Foot 50 The soles should be of the best English crop or dintle.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Crop..in the leather trade, the commercial name for an entire hide.
11. transferred and figurative. That which grows out of or is produced by any action; the ‘fruit’; a supply produced or appearing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > outcome or that which results
issuea1325
outcominga1382
conclusionc1384
endc1385
fruita1400
finec1405
termination?a1425
sumc1430
succession1514
sequel1524
game1530
success1537
event1539
pass1542
increase1560
outgate1568
exit1570
cropc1575
utmosta1586
upshoot1598
sequence1600
upshot1604
resultance1616
upshut1620
succedenta1633
apotelesm1636
come-off1640
conclude1643
prosult1647
offcome1666
resultant1692
outlet1710
period1713
outcome1788
outrun1801
outcome1808
upset1821
overcome1822
upping1828
summary1831
outgo1870
upcomec1874
out-turn1881
end-product1923
pay-off1926
wash-up1961
c1575 W. Fulke Confut. Doctr. Purgatory (1577) 424 The latter end of this chapter hath one croppe of his olde custome.
1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Malin v Insteade of rule hee reapes the crop of thrall.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D6v When..I..hop'd to reape the crop of all my care.
1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius Prol. sig. A3 From the Crop of his luxuriant Pen.
1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 135 This morning there is a plentiful crop [of pustules] on every part of her body.
1830 A. Cunningham Lives Brit. Painters (ed. 2) I. 322 The annual academical crop of beardless youths.
1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. (1873) iv. x. 335 [This] has given rise to a crop of petty discussions.
12. Tin-mining. The best quality of tin-ore obtained after dressing; more fully crop-ore, crop-tin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > tin ore
tin-stone1602
crop1778
row1778
stream-tin1778
tin-stuff1778
wood-tin1787
stannolite1843
toad's eye tin1850
cassiterite1858
tin wash1898
1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 218 The crop and leavings of Tin. The first is the prime Tin.
1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 319 The finest black Tin is called the Crop.
1884 M. Beck Erichsen's Sci. & Art Surg. (1888) 348 Two pits are formed; in the one nearest the mill the purer and heavier part of the ore, or crop, is deposited.
IV. [ < crop v.] The act of cropping or its result.
13. The cropping or cutting of the hair short; a style of wearing the hair cut conspicuously short; a closely cropped head of hair.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > cut or cropped
roundinga1582
stumps1584
stubs1607
trim1608
tonsure1650
committee cut1691
rasure1737
crop1795
county crop1839
flat-top1859
prison cropc1863
clip1889
Dartmoor crop1930
razor cut1940
prison haircut1948
scissor cut1948
cut1951
pudding basin1951
short back and sides1965
1795 J. Wolcot Hair Powder in Wks. (1812) III. 289 His Curling-irons breaks and snaps his Combs..For dead is Custom 'mid the world of crops.
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) ii. 9 She wore it [her hair] in a crop, a loosely flowing crop.
1853 Punch 24 147 My reward is the County crop and the treadmill.
1856 J. W. Cole Mem. Brit. Gen. Penins. War I. i. 38 Giving up the time-honoured powder and queue, and wearing a crop.
1867 Punch 26 Jan. 39/2 Newgate crop.
14. A mark made by cropping the ears of animals; an ear-mark.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [noun] > branding or marking > ear-mark
earmarka1500
swallow fork1636
crop1653
halfpenny1658
gad1666
underkeel1677
lug-mark1802
underbit1837
sleepering1910
1653 Plymouth (Mass.) Rec. 2 The mark of his cattle is a cropp on the left eare.
1675 London Gaz. No. 1007/4 39 fat sheep..cropped in both ears; but the farther ear is a hollow crop.
1709 Portsmouth (New Hampsh.) Rec. 262 A crope and sli[t].
1841 Portsmouth (New Hampsh.) Rec. 386 The ear mark..is a crop of the right ear.
1869 Overland Monthly 3 126 He asked me if I had seen a red mulley cow, with a crop and an underbit in the right and a marked crop in the left.
1887 Scribner's Mag. 2 508/2 Crop, an ear-mark.
†15. A crop-eared animal; a person who wears his hair cropped. (In quot. 1811 = croppy n.2).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > people with styles of hair > [noun] > with short hair
shorling?1548
shaveling1621
crop1689
skinhead1969
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > ear > [noun] > types of ear > person having
crop-ear1598
crop1689
1689 London Gaz. No. 2422/4 And also a sorrel Crop.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Crop, one with very short Hair; also a Horse whose Ears are cut.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Prickear'd Fellow, a Crop, whose Ears are longer than his Hair.
1811 E. Lysaght Poems 97 ‘That's true’ says the Sheriff, ‘for plenty of crops Already I've seen on the pavement.’
16.
a. A piece cropped or cut off from the end.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > a piece cut off > from the end
dock1573
crop1874
1874 J. A. Phillips Elem. Metall. (1887) 367 The rails are sawn to the proper length, giving a short piece or crop from either end.
1890 Nature 2 Oct. 555 Steel rails occasionally fail at the ends owing to insufficient ‘crop’ being cut off the rolled rail.
b. Applied to certain cuts of meat.
ΚΠ
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Crop..a joint of pork, commonly called the spare-rib.
1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. Crop, a joint cut from the ribs of an Ox, and with the bones shortened.
1880 Webster's Dict. Suppl. Crop, the region above the shoulder in the ox.
17. The noise made by an animal in cropping grass, etc. (Cf. crump v.2)
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [noun] > crunching > by animal eating grass
crop1851
1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. iv. 42 The ‘crop-crop’ of our horses, shortening the crisp grass.
18. Mineralogy and Geology.
†a. The cropping up or out of a stratum, vein, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > outcrop of vein or stratum
crop1686
gossan1778
iron hat1811
blossom1819
iron cap1823
blossom-rock1871
tailings1881
top-crop1889
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata > outcrop > cropping out
crop1686
outcropping1839
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata > outcrop
cropping1686
outburst1698
outbreak1714
crop-side1715
crop1719
outcrop1805
rock-head1835
nugget1844
blow1879
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 130 The coal which has cropt to the same point of its first diping..before it has reach't the surface and cropt out, has taken another dip agreeable to the first, and then again another crop agreeable to the former.
1719 J. Strachey in Philos. Trans. 1717–19 (Royal Soc.) 30 968 For Discovery of Coal, they first search for the Crop, which..sometimes appears to the Day, as they term it.
1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom (1810) I. 116 I have traced the crops or outward extremities of these coals.
b. An outcrop.
ΚΠ
1879 W. H. Dixon Royal Windsor I. ii. 11 A crop of rock, starting from a crest of rock.
19. (See quot. 1858.)
ΚΠ
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Crop..a fixed weight in different localities for sugar, tobacco, and other staples..the usual recognized weight of a crop-hogshead of tobacco is from 1000 to 1300 lbs. nett.
20. neck and crop: see neck n.1 Phrases 7c.

Compounds

General attributive.
†C1. attributive. Having the ears, hair, etc. cropped.
ΚΠ
1663 S. Pepys Diary 1 May (1971) IV. 120 Galloping upon a little crop black nag.
1760 S. Fielding Ophelia II. xxxi. 9 I had rather have..my Crop Horse.
1825 J. G. Lockhart Let. 24 Aug. in Mem. Life Scott They have crop heads, shaggy, rough, bushy.
C2. General attributive. Also crop-ear n., crop-eared adj., crop-sick adj.
a. (sense 1).
crop-like adj.
crop-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 970/2 The œsophagus..expanded into a large crop-shaped bag.
b. (senses 8, 9.)
crop-farming adj.
ΚΠ
1887 Contemp. Rev. May 701 Southern Minnesota has outlived the wheat growing and crop-farming period.
crop-land n.
ΚΠ
1847 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 3) I. i. i. 211 Thousands of acres of crop-land are sometimes laid under water.
c.
crop-haired adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > people with styles of hair > [adjective] > cut or shaved
nottOE
shavenc1330
rounded?a1439
clipped1483
poll-shorn1556
notched1597
nott-pated1598
well-shaved1600
shaveling1607
nott-headed1612
cropped-eared1641
round-headed1641
polled1653
crop-eared1680
lop-eared1798
shaved1837
crop-headed1842
county-cropped1849
cropped1856
colled1877
crop-haired1879
prison-cropped1882
bob-haired1923
bobbed-haired1928
bobbed-hair1953
slap-headed1994
1879 F. W. Robinson Coward Conscience ii. xxi He glanced..at a crop-haired individual.
crop-headed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > people with styles of hair > [adjective] > cut or shaved
nottOE
shavenc1330
rounded?a1439
clipped1483
poll-shorn1556
notched1597
nott-pated1598
well-shaved1600
shaveling1607
nott-headed1612
cropped-eared1641
round-headed1641
polled1653
crop-eared1680
lop-eared1798
shaved1837
crop-headed1842
county-cropped1849
cropped1856
colled1877
crop-haired1879
prison-cropped1882
bob-haired1923
bobbed-haired1928
bobbed-hair1953
slap-headed1994
1842 R. Browning Marching Along in Bells & Pomegranates No. III: Dramatic Lyrics ii Bidding the crop-headed Parliament swing.
crop-nosed adj.
crop-producing adj.
crop-tailed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > rump and tail > [adjective] > relating to the tail > having a tail > having tail cut short
curtailed1591
bob-tailed1640
crop-tailed1689
cut-tailed1712
dock-tail1785
dock-tailed1824
1689 London Gaz. No. 2427/4 One black brinded Bull-Bitch, crop Ear'd, crop Tailed, black Mouth'd.
1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 29 Aug. 14/2 The..crop-tailed little Kerry nag.
C3.
crop-bound adj. (of birds) unable to pass food through the crop.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [adjective] > having a crop > unable to pass food through
crop-bound1854
1854 Poultry Chron. 1 136 ‘Crop-bound’ fowls.
1897 Daily News 29 Dec. 7/2 The bird..had become crop-bound, and in order to remove the obstruction an incision five inches long was made in the crop.
† crop-doublet n. Obsolete a short doublet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > doublet > types of
pourpointa1325
waist-doublet1553
belly-doublet1598
pee-doublet1600
crop-doublet1640
1640 J. Shirley Constant Maid i. i Hospitality went out of fashion with crop-doublets and cod-pieces.
crop-duster n. an aircraft used for sprinkling insecticide, fertilizer, etc., on crops; a person who flies such an aircraft.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > aircraft for other specific uses
ambulance aeroplane1915
ambulance airplane1918
ambulance plane1918
air ambulance1920
firebomber1938
crop-duster1939
grasshopper1939
water bomber1956
weather plane1962
bird dog1965
1939 Collier's 24 June 17/1 These are the crop dusters.
1966 Punch 8 June 832/3 The first cropduster to be produced in partnership, this nippy little machine can carry..liquid DDT.
crop-dusting n. (see dusting n. 1b).
crop-end n. a piece of metal cut off a bar of rolled iron or steel to remove imperfections and to reduce the bar to standard length.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > bar of iron > piece cut off bar
crop-end1880
crop-head1903
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > bar or pig of steel > end cut off bar
crop-end1880
crop-head1903
1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 332/1 Cuttings, ‘crop ends’, and ‘scrap’ of various kinds, often not very largely inferior in value to the bar iron.
1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron xvi. 347 Cutting off the rough or crop-ends of puddled, finished, or other bars.
crop-head n. a crop-end cut from that end of a bar of iron or steel which is at the top during the process of cooling and where most of the imperfections occur.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > bar of iron > piece cut off bar
crop-end1880
crop-head1903
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > bar or pig of steel > end cut off bar
crop-end1880
crop-head1903
1903 Sci. Amer. 21 Feb. (Suppl.) 22687 The rough ends—‘crop heads’—are cut off and are placed by an electric crane in a car for shipment to any part of the works.
crop-hide n. a hide, esp. a cow- or ox-hide, tanned whole and untrimmed.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > entire skin
crop1457
crop-hide1794
1794 Hull Advertiser 20 Sept. 4/1 Leather..Crop Hides for Cutting.
1802 Hull Packet 28 Sept. 2/2 A good assortment of horse, calf, and crop hides.
crop hogshead n. U.S. (see quot.)
ΚΠ
1784 J. F. D. Smyth Tour U.S.A. II. 138 The weight of each hogshead must be nine hundred and fifty pounds neat, exclusive of the cask, for less a note will not be given under the name of a Crop hogshead.
crop-leather n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > leather from ox, cow, or buffalo
neat's leather?a1425
buff-leather1574
buff-hide1589
buff-skin1589
cowhide1728
robe1761
Grecian leather1852
crop1858
crop-leather1858
steerhide1921
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Crop-leather, Crops, leather made from thin cow hides, used chiefly for pumps and light walking-shoes.
crop-mark n. Archaeology (see quot. 1956); also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > soil mark indicating earlier cultivation, etc.
cultivation mark1885
crop-mark1935
crop-marking1937
soil mark1939
1935 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 1 157 The two fields showing crop marks.
1947 J. Hawkes & C. Hawkes Prehist. Brit. vii. 161 Two of the most spectacular discoveries made by this crop mark method are the Bronze Age temple of Arminghall and the Roman town of Caistor-by-Norwich where every building was clearly planned in pale lines in the corn.
1956 J. K. S. St. Joseph in R. L. S. Bruce-Mitford Recent Archaeol. Excavations in Brit. 275 In spring and early summer, differences in colour, density or luxuriance of growth commonly develop in response to hidden differences in the soil. These ‘crop-marks’, as they are termed, reveal to an observer, often in the finest detail, buried remains of which no trace can be seen on the surface.
crop-marking n. = crop-mark n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > soil mark indicating earlier cultivation, etc.
cultivation mark1885
crop-mark1935
crop-marking1937
soil mark1939
1937 Oxoniensia 2 13 Under corn or grass however it becomes covered with very distinct crop-markings, as can be seen from the air-photographs.
crop movement n. (see movement n. 10).
ΚΠ
1909 Westm. Gaz. 14 June 12/1 The crop movement began very early last year, and the farmers were paid for their wheat and other products promptly.
crop-ore n. (see 12).
crop-over n. in the West Indies, the end of the sugar-cane harvest on a plantation, and the accompanying celebrations.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > specific festivities > [noun] > rustic festivities
harvest home1573
maiden1806
hog-killing1817
melon feast1826
crop-over1894
1894 G. Robson Missions United Presb. Ch. 35 The grinding routine of slavery was relieved at ‘crop-over’ and Christmas-time by boisterous revels.
crop-plant n. a plant cultivated for food.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > food plant or vegetable > [noun] > crop-plant
cropper1845
crop-plant1906
1906 Westm. Gaz. 2 June 11/2 Burrowing into the roots of grasses, crop-plants, and trees.
1958 Listener 28 Aug. 301/2 The herd-animals and crop-plants which were destined to form the main basis of modern food-production.
crop rotation n. see rotation n. 4a.
† crop-side n. Obsolete the outcrop of a stratum on a slope.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata > outcrop
cropping1686
outburst1698
outbreak1714
crop-side1715
crop1719
outcrop1805
rock-head1835
nugget1844
blow1879
1715 E. Barlow Origin of Springs i. §iii. 11 in Meteorol. Ess. i The Water..descending from the Crop-side is lodg'd therein.
crop-sole n. sole leather obtained from crop-hides.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > leather for boots or shoes
sole-leather1408
clout-leathera1500
bend-leather1581
footing1591
upper leather1629
capping-leathera1642
shoe leather1660
crop-sole1824
pannus corium1841
shoe-butt1858
rough stuff1860
zug1899
1824 Mechanic's Mag. No. 43. 238 The best method of finishing or striking cropsole leather.
1881 Chicago Times 11 June The largest advance in leather has been in crop sole.
crop-spraying n. the spraying of crops with insecticide or the like; also attributive or participial adjective.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [noun] > crop-spraying
dusting1926
crop-spraying1956
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [adjective] > crop-spraying
crop-spraying1956
1956 Farm Implement & Machinery Rev. 1 Apr. 2146/1 Crop spraying is carried out to remove the injurious influences which adversely affect yields.
1959 Daily Tel. 15 Oct. 20/5 Three crop-spraying helicopters.
1970 E. Afr. Standard (Nairobi) 23 Jan. 12/6 ‘What's crop-spraying?’ asked his mother. ‘Well, you fly low over cultivated fields and spray the crops with weed-killer solution from the aircraft,’ explained Bill.
crop-tin n. (see 12).
crop-wall n. Scottish the crop of the wall (cf. 6).
ΚΠ
1892 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 481 The timbers..went down open to the Crap-wa' or angle at the eaves.
† crop-weed n. Obsolete the knapweed, Centaurea nigra.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > knapweed
ironhardOE
matfellon?a1300
hardhawa1400
bull-weeda1450
club-weeda1500
knapweed1530
crop-weed1597
hardhead1610
horse-knop1691
horse-knob1724
buttonweed1760
knobweed1785
ironweed1808
knotweed1827
ironhead1863
1597 J. Gerard Herball App. Crop weed is Iacea nigra.
crop-wood n. dialect the branches lopped off a felled tree.
ΚΠ
1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Crop, or Crop-wood, the branches of a felled tree.
crop-writer n. U.S., an authority on crops.
ΚΠ
1897 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 67 Educated and practically trained meteorologists, crop writers, printers, and messengers are on duty.

Draft additions 1997

crop circle n. a circular area in a field of standing crops (esp. wheat or other cereal), in which the stalks have been flattened, usually in concentric rings; also called a corn circle (see corn n.1 Compounds 4).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land raising crops > [noun] > land on which crop is flattened
circle1980
crop circle1988
corn circle1989
1988 Jrnl. Meteorol. 13 290 (heading) The mystery of the crop-circles: a B.B.C. film.
1989 New Scientist 2 Sept. 30 (heading) Ionised whirlwinds could create crop circles.
1992 Sci. News 1 Feb. 76/1 The study of these mysterious crop circles has itself grown into a thriving cottage industry.
1993 Guardian 30 July i. 20/3 A glorious chapter in the annals of British summertime lunacy appears to be drawing to a close. Only 45 crop circles have been found this year, compared with more than 400 in each of the last two years.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

cropadj.

Brit. /krɒp/, U.S. /krɑp/
Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: crop v.; cropped adj.
Etymology: Either < crop v. or shortened < cropped adj.
= cropped adj. Esp. in crop top.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [adjective] > shortened > (as if) by cutting
cuttedc1386
docked1408
stucked?a1439
trunked1552
cropped1558
lopped1570
short-cut1596
stumped1598
dubbeda1661
truncated1704
truncate1717
well-cropped1805
clipped1870
junky1873
lobbed1883
crop1957
1957 Newark (Ohio) Advocate & Amer. Tribune 28 Feb. 32/1 (advt.) Look for softer box jackets..and short crop jackets.
1971 News Jrnl. (Mansfield, Ohio) 29 Apr. 33/1 (caption) Crocheted crop-top is a great look for today.
1982 Washington Post 20 May c5/1 Baggy sweat pants and shapeless tops have turned into minis, crop pants,..harem pants and shorts.
1990 California Apr. 74 A sequined crop top makes a sparkling swimsuit cover-up.
1995 Kay's Catal. Autumn–Winter 4/1 Latest mohair mix crop sweater with front cable design.
2001 B. Hatch Internat. Gooseberry 226 She had..a tattoo on her belly, which you could see under her crop-top.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cropv.

Brit. /krɒp/, U.S. /krɑp/
Forms: Middle English–1500s croppe, (1500s cropp), 1500s–1800s dialect crap, 1600s crope, Middle English– crop.
Etymology: < crop n.
1. transitive. To cut off or remove the ‘crop’ or head of (a plant, tree, etc.); to poll, to lop off the branches of (a tree).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [verb (transitive)] > trees: prune or lop
sneda800
shredc1000
crop?c1225
purgec1384
parea1398
shear1398
shridea1425
dodc1440
polla1449
twist1483
top1509
stow1513
lop1519
bough?1523
head?1523
poll-shred1530
prune1547
prime1565
twig1570
reform1574
disbranch1575
shroud1577
snathe1609
detruncate1623
amputate1638
abnodate1656
duba1661
to strip up1664
reprune1666
pollard1670
shrub1682
log1699
switch1811
limb1835
preen1847
to cut back1871
shrig1873
brash1950
summer prune1980
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [verb (transitive)] > trees: prune or lop > branches: prune or lop
sneda800
shredc1000
crop?c1225
prune1572
shrig1601
head1989
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > make short(er) [verb (transitive)] > (as if) by cutting
crop?c1225
dockc1380
cutc1385
trunk?1440
coll1483
scut1530
to cut, trim, etc. short1545
prune1565
bobtail1577
curtail1580
lop1594
decurtate1599
imp1657
truncate1727
abridge1750
bob1822
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 69 Ase þe wiðegin þet spruteð ut þe betere. þet me him oftere croppeð.
1399 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) I. 363 Crop hit welle, and hold hit lowe, or elles hit wolle be wilde.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. v. 92 So cropped for to sprynge he wol not ceese.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xliiv If a tree be heeded and vsed to be lopped & cropped at euery .xii. or .xvi. yeres ende.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 85/2 A Tree is..cropped, when all its Boughs are cut off.
1881 Oxfordshire Gloss. Supp. Crap, to crop or trim hedges.
1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Crop, to cut the branches from a felled tree.
2.
a. To pluck off, remove, or detach (any terminal parts of a plant); to snip off (twigs, leaves, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > pinch out or off
cropc1420
to pinch off1654
pinch1693
stop1699
strangulate1835
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 415 I must..ther it growed, croppe a plante of peche.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. 58 My budding braunch thou wouldest cropp.
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xvii. 4 Hee cropt off the top of his yong twigs. View more context for this quotation
1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Dict. in Compl. Gard'ner sig. Aiii To Crop, is to break or pinch of useless Branches without cutting.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 24 a Leaves of Trees cropt in the wane of the Moon.
b. To gather, pluck, pick, or cull (a fruit, flower, or other produce of a plant). archaic or dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > pick or gather [verb (transitive)]
pullc1350
cropc1450
tuck1625
pug1717
c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1502 Hast þow I-come in any sty And cropped ȝerus of corne þe by.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 135 To crop at once a too long withered flower. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 68 O Fruit Divine, Sweet of thy self, but much more sweet thus cropt . View more context for this quotation
1680 T. Otway Orphan iv. 49 A Cruel Spoiler came, Cropt this fair Rose.
1809 T. Campbell Gertrude of Wyoming iii. xxxvii The hand is gone that cropt its flowers.
c. Said of animals biting off the tops of plants or herbage in feeding; also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (transitive)] > graze or crop
crop1362
pasture?c1470
shear1610
graze1667
shack1904
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 35 Þei comen in-to my croft, And croppen my Whete.
a1500 Mourning of Hare in Hartshorn Metr. Tales (1829) I dar not sit to croppe on hawe.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 51 Neere, we viewd..goats..cropping carelesse, not garded of heerdman.
a1644 F. Quarles Judgem. & Mercy (1646) 50 Sheepe..that crop the springing Grasse?
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 45 Sing, while my Cattle crop the tender Browze.
1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xi. 686 As the slow Beast..Crops the tall Harvest.
1850 T. T. Lynch Memorials Theophilus Trinal v. 80 [I] listened to the browse of the sheep as they cropped the grass.
†d. To feed on, eat. Obsolete. Cf. Latin carpere.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (transitive)]
crop1377
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xv. 394 Makometh..Daunted a dowue and day and nyȝte hir fedde; Þe corne þat she cropped he caste it in his ere.
3. To gather as a crop; to reap.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)]
gatherc950
getc1250
harvestc1400
in?1407
win1487
ingatherc1575
crop1602
enda1616
to get in1699
to get up1764
secure1842
1602 B. Jonson Poetaster i. i. sig. A4 Or crooked sickles crop the ripened eare. View more context for this quotation
1618 T. Middleton Peace-maker sig. B2v The frolicke Countryman, opens the fruitefull Earth, and crops his plenty from her fertile bosome.
1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 310 He not only sowed in it the seed of thought..but cropped it for his daily bread.
4. figurative (from 1 – 3). To cut off, lop off; to reap.
ΚΠ
1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Pij Those who through the divells instinction dooe go about to croppe Peters patrimonie.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 234 On me That cropt the golden prime of this sweete Prince. View more context for this quotation
1659 O. Walker Περιαμμα Ἐπιδήμιον 49 Too tender a bud to be cropp'd by Death.
1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated 4 Sophisters cropping of the inventions of other Men.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. v. iii. 300 By the hundred and the thousand, men's lives are cropt.
5. intransitive. To bear or yield a crop or crops; also with complement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land raising crops > [verb (intransitive)] > yield a crop
cropa1616
sprout1683
cut1754
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. ii. 235 She made great Cæsar lay his Sword to bed, He ploughed her, and she cropt . View more context for this quotation
1839 W. B. Stonehouse Hist. Isle of Axholme 397 No land would crop better than this mixture of warp and peat earth.
1877 R. D. Blackmore Cripps iii. 18 Oakleaf potatoes..warranted to beat the ashleaf by a fortnight, and to crop tenfold as much.
6.
a. transitive. To cause to bear a crop; to sow or plant with a crop; to raise crops on. Also intransitive, to cultivate land; to work as a farmer. Chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)]
tilla1325
raisec1384
uprearc1400
nourisha1500
cherish1519
dig1526
dress1526
govern1532
manure?c1550
rear1581
nurse1594
tame1601
crop1607
cultive1614
cultivate1622
ingentle1622
tend1631
make1714
peck1728
grow1774
farm1793
culture1809
side-dress1888
double-crop1956
produce2006
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > grow crops [verb (intransitive)]
crop1839
farm1891
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 19 Few after, crop much, but noddies and such.]
1607 Relatyon Discov. River in Trans. Amer. Antiq. Soc. (1860) 4 51 A plaine lowe ground prepared for seede, part whereof had ben lately cropt.
1794 A. Young Trav. France (ed. 2) II. x. 28 A field, entirely cropped with mulberries.
1839 in H. Howe Hist. Coll. Ohio (1847) 357 He came down the Ohio to Cincinnati, and cropped the first season on Zeigler's stone house farm.
1844 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 i. 162 It is usually cropped on the four-field or Norfolk course.
1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. (1876) xxii. 293 More land would be cropped with barley.
1879 A. W. Tourgée Fool's Errand xviii. 91 They didn't require me to leave, only to stop selling horses to niggers and letting them crop on shares.
1903 Dial. Notes 2 310 I am cropping with Mr. Brown this year.
b. transitive. To grow or rear as a crop.
ΚΠ
1921 Discovery Feb. 48/1 The pest..remains in existence until potatoes are again cropped in the field.
7. To cut off the top or extremity of (the ears, tail, etc.), to cut off short; esp. to cut the ears of animals as a means of identification, and of persons as a punishment.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > torture > [verb (intransitive)] > cut a person's ears
crop1607
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > cut off tail, ears, or other bits
dockc1386
bobtail1577
dishorn1603
crop1607
strunt1828
de-tail1837
stern1858
decaudate1864
tail1886
dehorn1888
declaw1901
poll1907
defang1912
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 220 Stayeth his crying by cropping off the head.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. i. 12 Nor crop the eares of them. View more context for this quotation
1724 J. Swift Riddle My skin he flay'd, my hair he cropt.
1796 Bp. R. Watson Apol. for Bible 257 Having their ears cropt for perjury.
1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 36 As soon as a horse was purchased, his tail was cropped.
1864 W. H. Ainsworth John Law II. iv. vii. 173 That cursed puppy ought to have had his ears cropped for his impertinence.
8. spec.
a. To cut or clip short the ears, etc. of (an animal, person, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > brand or mark > ear-mark
crop1578
earmarka1642
sleeper1910
swallow-fork1934
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > cut off tail, ears, or other bits > specific animal or person
crop1578
society > authority > punishment > torture > [verb (transitive)] > cut ears
crop1764
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)] > crop or cut off ears
stow1513
stuff1587
curtalize1622
crop1764
1578 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 396 One grey..mare, crapped on the further yeare.
1675 London Gaz. No. 1007/4 39 fat sheep..cropped in both Ears.
1764 S. Foote Patron i. 17 And so get cropp'd for a libel.
1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen 7 A horse's ears cannot well be too long... Were he cropt, and that as close as we sometimes see them now a days, [etc.].
b. To cut the hair of (a person) close.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify the hair [verb (intransitive)] > cut
roundc1450
crop1796
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > cut > a person
dod?c1225
polla1325
topc1330
roundc1450
barb1587
unbeard1598
deplume1775
crop1858
Dartmoor-clip1932
1796 Hull Advertiser 21 May 4/4 To crop, or not to crop, that is the question..and by a crop to say we end The head-ach.
1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. iv. xi. 507 Crop him, my jolly Barber; close down to the accurate standard.
c. To clip the nap of (cloth); to shear.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > shear
shearc1340
nap?c1475
barb1535
crop1839
1711 [implied in: R. Thoresby Diary (1830) II. 89 A fund for the aged and poor croppers at 2d or 4d per cloth. (at cropper n.2 2)].
1839 T. Carlyle Chartism viii. 87 The Saxon kindred burst forth into cotton-spinning, cloth-cropping.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 343/1 Cloth is usually ‘raised’ twice and ‘cropped’ several times.
d. To cut down the margin of (a book) closely.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bind [verb (transitive)] > other processes
to knock up1660
glair1755
board1813
lace1818
crop1824
beback1858
plough1873
cord1876
to throw out1880
guillotine1896
pull1901
reback1901
super1914
1824 T. F. Dibdin Libr. Compan. 378 Copies are usually cropt. I never saw it uncut.
1885 C. Plummer Fortescue's Governance of Eng. (rev. ed.) Introd. 88 The manuscript..has been a good deal cropped by the binder.
e. (See quot. 1849.)
ΚΠ
1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 20 Crop,..to leave a portion of coal at the bottom of a seam in working.
9. In mining districts (Durham, South Wales, etc.): To dock, to fine.
ΚΠ
1891 Labour Commission Gloss.
10.
a. intransitive. Mineralogy and Geology. Of a stratum, vein, etc.: To come up to the surface; to come out and appear on the side of a slope, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [verb (intransitive)] > crop out
crop1665
basset1783
skirt1806
to crop up1844
outcrop1848
to crop out1849
overstep1883
1665 D. Dudley Mettallum Martis sig. D3 The Coles Ascending, Basseting, or as the Colliers term it, Cropping up even unto the superfices of the Earth.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 130 The coal which has cropt to the same point of its first diping..before it has reach't the surface and cropt out, has taken another dip agreeable to the first, and then again another crop agreeable to the former.
1698 R. St. Clair in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 379 A Vein of Bitumen or Naphtha that cropes (as the Miners call it) only here.
1792 Trans. Soc. Arts 10 136 Where the different strata or measures crop out.
1855 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. (ed. 5) v. 55 The ridges of the beds in the formations a, b, c, come out to the day, or, as the miners say, crop out on the sides of a valley.
1880 Academy 26 June 468 The mainland has a foundation of older rock which crops up in many places.
b. figurative. to crop up: to come up or turn up unexpectedly or incidentally, in the field of action, conversation, or thought.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > emerge or present itself
to come in (also to, on, etc.) placec1225
astart1393
becomea1400
emerge1570
bubble1578
to flower off1644
steal1798
to gust up1813
to crop up1844
outcrop1856
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [verb (intransitive)] > crop out
crop1665
basset1783
skirt1806
to crop up1844
outcrop1848
to crop out1849
overstep1883
1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. vi. 220 We shall have new men cropping up every session.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men I. ii. 143 The subject..having once cropped up in Exeter College common-room.
c. figurative. to crop out (rarely forth): to come out, appear, or disclose itself incidentally.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > appear or become visible
ariseOE
to come in (also to, on, etc.) placec1225
'peara1382
appear1382
kithea1400
to show out?a1425
muster?1435
to come forthc1449
to look outa1470
apparish1483
to show forth1487
come1531
to come out?1548
peer1568
to look through1573
glimpse1596
loom1605
rise1615
emicate1657
emike1657
present1664
opena1691
emerge1700
dawn1744
to come down the pike1812
to open out1813
to crop out1849
unmask1858
to come through1868
to show up1879
to come (etc.) out of thin air1932
surface1961
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [verb (intransitive)] > crop out
crop1665
basset1783
skirt1806
to crop up1844
outcrop1848
to crop out1849
overstep1883
1849 S. R. Maitland Ess. 288 The charge against the prisoner..crops out in the sequel.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. l. 486 Some of their superstitions..crop out now and then through their adopted faith.
1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. ii. 84 All such outrages crop forth I' the course of nature.
11. To remove the crop of (a bird).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > [verb (transitive)] > remove crop
crop1737
1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. ii. 139 Pull crop, and draw your Pidgeons.
12. to crop the causey (Scottish): to take or keep the ‘crown of the causey’, to walk boldly in the centre or most conspicuous part of the street.
ΚΠ
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 212 All the covenanteris now proudlie cropis the calsey.
1887 J. Bulloch Pynours iv. 34 The merchant burgesses as a class proudly cropt the causey.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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