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单词 crutch
释义

crutchn.

Brit. /krʌtʃ/, U.S. /krətʃ/
Forms: Old English crycc(e, Middle English crucche ( ü), Middle English–1500s cruche, crutche, 1600s– crutch; β. 1500s crooch(e, 1500s– crotch; γ. Middle English–1500s crouche, crowch(e, 1500s croutch, 1500s–1600s crouch.
Etymology: Old English crycc, (accusative crycce) feminine, a common Germanic word = *Old Low German krukkja (whence Middle Dutch crucke, Dutch kruk, Middle Low German krucke, krocke, Low German krukke, krück), Old High German chruckja, chrucha (Middle High German kruche, krucke, German krücke), Old Norse krykkja (Norwegian krykkja, Old Swedish krykkia, Danish krykke) < Germanic krukjâ-, krukjôn- < ablaut stem kruk- of kreuk- to bend. The Middle English change of y/y/ to ŭ, is found also in clutch, much, trust. The phonology of the variants is obscure. For the crotch form, compare crotch n., as a separate word. Cruche may be merely a variant spelling, but it also occurs as a variant of croche n.1 Crooch(e) may belong to crotch or to crouch : the latter was perhaps influenced in form by crouch v.1, but it may represent an early lengthening of the u in cruche, crucche, with later diphthongization.
1.
a. A staff for a lame or infirm person to lean upon in walking; now a staff with a cross-piece at the top to fit under the armpit (usually a pair of crutches).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical supports > [noun] > crutch
crutchc900
crosec1330
stiltc1330
potent1348
croche14..
staff1483
staff1483
potencea1500
crutchet1611
plyer1699
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > that which or one who supports
crutchc900
upholda1066
uptakinga1300
arma1382
postc1387
staff1390
sustainerc1390
undersetterc1400
potent?a1439
buttressa1450
supportalc1450
comfort1455
supporta1456
studa1500
poge1525
underpropper1532
shore1534
staya1542
prop1562
stoopa1572
underprop1579
sustentation1585
rest1590
underpinning1590
supportance1597
sustinent1603
lean1610
reliance1613
hingea1616
columna1620
spar1630
gable end1788
lifeboat1832
standback1915
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1891) iv. xxx[i]. 380 Mid his crycce hine wreðigende.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9721 Vðer þe lome mon..he wænde mid his crucche us a-dun þrucche.
c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 81 Þan wole no þing us availe but oure bedis and our crucche [rhyme myche].
c1440 Sir Gowther 673 We make..Crokyd here cruches for-sake.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Pii/2 A Crutche, grallus.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 334 Time goes on crutches, til Loue haue all his rites. View more context for this quotation
1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 161 He could not Dance without one Crutch in his Hand. View more context for this quotation
1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 103. ⁋11 I..gave him a new Pair of Crutches.
1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 30 He could walk with great ease, and without crutches.
1866 R. M. Ballantyne Shifting Winds xvi. 165 He walked with a crutch.
β. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 211/1 Crotche for a lame man, potence.1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 56v Mans age deuided, here ye haue..The next [vij. yere: 70–77], get chayer & crotchis to stay.γ. c1440 York Myst. xxv. 376 My man, ryse and caste þe cruchys gode space.c1440 York Myst. xxv. 380 Lorde! lo, my crouchis whare þei flee.1582 A. Munday Eng. Romayne Lyfe sig. H2v Some of them, [had] bound vp their legs, & went on Croutches.1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 73 A crowch [1623 crutch], a crowch, why call you for a sword? View more context for this quotation1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Grúccia..a lame mans crouch or crutchet.
b. transferred as the symbol of old age.
ΚΠ
1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. Bv From Cradle to the Cruch.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 243 And giues the Crutch the Cradles infancie. View more context for this quotation
c. figurative. A prop, a support.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > mental or spiritual
supportationa1500
support?a1513
crutch1581
nutriment1597
sustentationa1617
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge Prol. sig. A2v Your fauour will giue crutches to our faults.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. iii. 63 Hold him fast, He is thy crutch . View more context for this quotation
1728 E. Young Love of Fame iv, in Wks. (1757) I. 115 Who'd be a crutch to prop a rotten peer.
1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind v. 99 The Egyptians were later..in throwing off the crutches of picture signs.
β. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 130 Of what force therfore can this your wyndeshaken crooche be..whereupon your lame cripled workes do rest?1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 230 Osorius underproppeth his Freewill here, with this crooch.γ. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iii. 54 This opinion is very feeble, and cannot goe without crouches.1661 S. Morgan Sphere of Gentry ii. vii. 73 He is Potent Counterpotent by the Crouches of providence.
2. A support or prop, with a forked or concave top, for various uses: cf. crotch n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > prop > forked
crotch1573
crotchet1631
crutch1645
1645 Enchirid. Fortif. 52 The crutches, or forks, against which the arms of each company are set.
1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 91 Though his house stands not upon crutches.
a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 28 On each hand of every seat were placed crutches..for the Priest to lean upon.
1784 J. King Cook's Voy. Pacific III. vi. v. 305 The hunters next fix in the ground the crutches, upon which their firelocks are made to rest.
1892 S. R. Gardiner Student's Hist. Eng. 527 Soldier with musket and crutch: from a broadside printed about 1630.
3. Of a saddle:
a. Formerly, the raised part in front and at the back of the saddle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > saddle > parts of saddle
saddle-boweOE
arsonc1300
saddle skirt1361
saddle-tree1364
skirtc1400
saddle panel1465
stock-tree1470
stock1497
pommela1500
tree1535
pillion cloth1540
port1548
saddle stock1548
pilch1552
bolster1591
cantle1591
shank-pilliona1599
pillowc1600
pad1604
crutch1607
sivet1607
saddle crutcha1614
saddle eaves1663
saddle tore1681
burr1688
head1688
narve1688
saddle seat1688
sidebar1688
torea1694
quarter1735
bands of a saddle1753
witherband1764
withers1764
peak1775
pillion-stick1784
boot-housing1792
saddle flap1798
saddle lap1803
fork1833
flap1849
horn1849
skirting1852
hunting-horn1854
head-plate1855
saddle horn1856
cantle bar1859
leaping-horn1859
straining1871
stirrup-bar1875
straining-leather1875
spring tree1877
leaping-head1881
officer-tree1894
monkey1911
monkey-strap1915
thigh roll1963
straining-web-
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice iv. 46 The garthweb which holdes vppe his Trammels behinde the hinder croutch of his Saddle.
a1666 R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) vii. 93 I was forced to stoop and lie on the very curche of the saddle.
1689 in J. Raine Depos. Castle of York (1861) 290 And..he could not hold up his head, but it hung below the sadle crutch on the farr side.
b. In modern use: The front of the tree which is made to fork down on each side of the shoulder, and which supports the pommel. Also a forked rest for the leg in a side-saddle.
ΚΠ
1874 in E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech.
4. Nautical.
a. Applied to various contrivances of a forked shape in a ship or boat, e.g. a forked support (of wood or iron) for a boom, mast, spar, etc., when not in use (also called crotch); a forked rowlock.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > supports for netting, for unused sails or spars
roof-tree1336
crutch1769
mitch-board1883
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Chandeliers de chaloupe, the crutches of a boat, which sustain the main-boom, or the mast and sail, when they are lowered.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. i. 537 Lowering swift the mast Into its crutch.
1825 H. B. Gascoigne Path to Naval Fame 58 The Spanker-Boom then to the Crutch they bear.
1869 F. W. Bennett Leaves from Log 127 One of the men in beaching her lost his brass crutch (rowlock) overboard.
β. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Crotches..are fixed in different places of the ship..to support the spare-masts, yards, &c.1799 Naval Chron. 2 238 A bolt must be fixed in each crotch.1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Crutch or crotch..stanchions of wood or iron, whose upper parts are forked to receive masts, yards, and other spars, and which are fixed along the sides of gang ways. Crutches are used instead of rowlocks.
b. Crooked timbers (or iron bands replacing them) fitted horizontally inside a vessel at the after end, and bolted to the stern post and the vessel's sides, to give additional strength to the connection of these parts. They correspond to the breast-hooks at the fore-end.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [noun] > parts supporting stern-post
crutch1769
heel knee1830
stern-knee1846
sternson1846
sternson-knee1849
clutch1850
oxter-plate1884
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Crotches, a name given to those crooked timbers that are placed upon the keel..upon which the frame of her hull grows narrower below, as it approaches the stem afore, and the stern post abaft.
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 68 What are the crutches?.. Iron bands which unite the sides of the ship at the stern.
5. In a clock: The fork at the end of the arm which depends from the axis of the anchor-escapement, and receives the pendulum rod between its arms.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of
nut1428
peise1428
plumbc1450
Jack1498
clockwork1516
larum1542
Jack of the clockhouse1563
watch-wheel1568
work1570
plummeta1578
Jack of the clock1581
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
pointer1596
quarter jack1604
mainspring1605
winder1606
notch-wheel1611
fusee1622
count-wheel1647
jack-wheel1647
frame1658
arbor1659
balance1660
fuse1674
hour-figure1675
stop1675
pallet1676
regulator1676
cock1678
movement1678
detent1688
savage1690
clock1696
pinwheel1696
starred wheel1696
swing-wheel1696
warning-wheel1696
watch1696
watch-part1696
hoop-wheel1704
hour-wheel1704
snail1714
step-wheel1714
tide-work1739
train1751
crutch1753
cannon pinion1764
rising board1769
remontoire1774
escapement1779
clock jack1784
locking plate1786
scapement1789
motion work1795
anchor escapement1798
scape1798
star-wheel1798
recoil escapement1800
recoiling pallet1801
recoiling scapement1801
cannon1802
hammer-tail1805
recoiling escapement1805
bottle jack1810
renovating spring1812
quarter-boy1815
pin tooth1817
solar wheel1819
impulse-teeth1825
pendulum wheel1825
pallet arbor1826
rewinder1826
rack hook1829
snail-wheel1831
quarter bell1832
tow1834
star pulley1836
watch train1838
clock train1843
raising-piece1843
wheelwork1843
gravity escapement1850
jumper1850
vertical escapement1850
time train1853
pin pallet1860
spade1862
dead well1867
stop-work1869
ringer1873
strike-or-silent1875
warning-piece1875
guard-pin1879
pendulum cock1881
warning-lever1881
beat-pin1883
fusee-piece1884
fusee-snail1884
shutter1884
tourbillion1884
tumbler1884
virgule1884
foliot1899
grasshopper1899
grasshopper escapement1899
trunk1899
pin lever1908
clock spring1933
1753 J. Ellicott in Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 490 The pendulum is moved by a piece of steel (call'd the crutch) rivited to one end of the arbor.
1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 654/1 The pendulum-rod is contained within the limbs of the crutch.
6.
a. A handle consisting of a crossbar like the head of a crutch.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > handle > of other shapes
handstaff1440
brace1592
potent1688
crutch1831
grip-lug1891
baluster handle1956
pistol grip1972
1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 141 The shafts [of the spade, with]..the crutch or open handle, according to preference.
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Crutch..5. (Founding.) The cross-handle on the end of a shank (a founder's metal-ladle), by which it is tipped.
b. Chiefly Australian and New Zealand. (See quot. 1965.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > sheep washing or dipping > instrument for pushing sheep under in dip
crutch1916
1916 Jrnl. Agric. (N.Z.) 20 Sept. 228 It is necessary to hold each lot of sheep in the bath for the time necessary to secure thorough immersion. This may be done..by the use of the crutch.
1953 B. Stronach Musterer on Molesworth viii. 55 We had two men on the ‘crutch’ pushing the sheep's heads under, and seven men at the race.
1965 J. S. Gunn Terminol. Shearing Industry i. 18 Crutch, a mallet-shaped instrument (like a crutch) used to push sheep under in a swimming dip. Improved dips, especially spray dips, have caused this tool to become obsolete.
7. Soap-boiling. A staff with a perforated piece of wood or iron at the end, used to stir the ingredients.
ΚΠ
1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 409 A rotatory motion is given the crutch.
8.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
a. The ‘fork’ of the human body: see crotch n. 5.
b. the angle between the two flukes of a whale's flapper or tail-fin.
ΚΠ
1748 F. Smith Voy. Discov. N.W. Passage 163 The Stockings reach up to the Crutch.
1771 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1881) I. 140 I clapped my hand under his crutch, and..pitched him head-foremost into the river.
1842 F. D. Bennett Narr. Whaling Voy. II. 156 The tail-fin, or ‘flukes’..each half overlaps the other at the central notch, or ‘crutch’.
1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 154 The Fly to extend from top to within 3½ inches above point of Crutch.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
crutch-like adj.
C2.
crutch-boots n. tall sea boots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > for specific purpose > for wear at sea
clumpera1825
crutch-boots1889
1889 P. H. Emerson Eng. Idyls 118 I went down in the cabin, and pulled off my crutch-boots.
crutch-cane n. see crutch-stick n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > something to lean on > staff to lean on > cane
wand1548
cane1590
rattan1657
Japan1678
whangee1776
rattan stick1812
Malacca cane1844
crutch-cane1846
dragon cane1851
Malacca1871
1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia I. i. i. 17 With a gold headed crutch-cane.
crutch-handled adj. having a transverse handle like the head of a crutch.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [adjective] > handle or stock > of specific shape or size > provided with
crutched1706
crutch-headed1767
cross-handled1801
crutch-handled1864
1864 W. H. Ainsworth John Law I. Prol. iii. 42 He carried a crutch-handled cane.
crutch-headed adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [adjective] > handle or stock > of specific shape or size > provided with
crutched1706
crutch-headed1767
cross-handled1801
crutch-handled1864
1767 Babler I. 113 I..threw by my crutch headed stick.
crutch-hole n. a hole to receive a crutch or movable rowlock.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > rowing apparatus > [noun] > rowlock > socket for movable
crutch-hole1874
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. vi. 185 Boats..fitted with a crutch hole on each quarter where an oar could be worked to assist the rudder.
crutch-palsy n. paralysis of the arm caused by the pressure of a crutch.
crutch-pin n. the pin of a pendulum crutch.
ΚΠ
1772 F. Wollaston in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 77 The bottom of the stem, instead of receiving the crutch-pin, is turned sideways.
crutch-stick n. a crutch-handled stick.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > something to lean on > staff to lean on > other types of walking stick
pikeOE
bourdona1300
pickc1330
pickstaff1356
pikestaff?a1500
gribble1578
supplejack1748
crutch-stick1780
spear-stick1801
kebbie1816
Penang lawyer1827
alpenstock1829
thumb-stick1945
1780 in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 1478 Walks with a short crutch stick with an ivory head.
crutch-tail n. see crotch-tail n. at crotch n. Compounds.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

crutchv.1

Brit. /krʌtʃ/, U.S. /krətʃ/
Etymology: < crutch n.
1.
a. transitive. To support as with a crutch or crutches, to prop.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [verb (transitive)] > support with a prop
underprop1532
crutch1682
1682 N. Tate & J. Dryden 2nd Pt. Absalom & Achitophel 13 Two Fools that Crutch their Feeble sense on Verse.
1833 I. D'Israeli in New Monthly Mag. 37 432 The genius of Moliere..in its first attempts..did not move alone; it was crutched by imitation.
1890 Caine in Pall Mall Gaz. 28 June 5/2 This sickly Government, crutched by Lord Hartington and Mr. Chamberlain.
b. with up: To prop up, sustain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)] > prop
shore1340
undershore1393
prop1507
underpropa1535
crutch1641
rance1680
trig1711
spur1733
stut1808
spurn1865
scaffold1884
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [verb (transitive)]
lasteOE
i-hentc1225
uphold?c1225
upbeara1300
sustainc1300
understand13..
uplift1338
maintainc1350
supporta1393
underset1395
buttressc1400
supprise1447
bolster1508
stay1526
stay1526
undershore?a1534
underpropa1535
to hold up by the chin1546
back1548
suborn1548
suffult?c1550
upshore?1567
shoulder1577
upstay1600
underwrite1609
abone1622
crutch1641
float1823
backstop1956
1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie ii. viii. 193 Howsoever they crutch it up handsomly.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality Concl., in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 339 A history, growing already vapid, is but dully crutched up by a detail of circumstances which every reader must have anticipated.
1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 106 Old crippled buildings..crutched up with posts and logs.
2. intransitive. To go on crutches, to limp. (Also, to crutch it.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk, tread, or step [verb (intransitive)] > limp
haltc825
cripplec1220
hip1440
limp1570
linch1570
claudicate1623
hop1700
crimple1754
hilch1786
crutch1828
hamble1828
dot1843
peg-leg1969
1828 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Mag. 23 810 Up and down..the various steps..do we delight to crutch it.
1847 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 14 291 The most apparent ‘dodge’ on which a statesman ever ‘crutched’ round a corner.
3. transitive. Soap-boiling. To stir with a crutch.
ΚΠ
1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 410 What the new crutching wheels..will cost..we have no present means of stating.
4. To push (a sheep) into a dip with a crutch (see crutch n. 6b). Chiefly Australian and New Zealand.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > rear sheep or wool [verb (transitive)] > dip
river1531
to dip sheep1840
crutch1886
1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 135 The hot water tank into which the sheep are put next morning has three divisions, in each of which they are well crutched.
1940 E. C. Studholme Te Waimate (1954) xiii. 117 One day whilst trying to ‘crutch’ (push under) some slippery-backed old ewe..Geoffrey fell in.
5. To cut off the wool or hair from the hind-quarters of (a sheep, dog, etc.). Chiefly Australian and New Zealand.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > sheep-shearing > shear sheep [verb (transitive)] > manner, technique, or part
beard1429
belt?1523
feazea1642
shirl1688
dag1706
tag1707
clat1838
tomahawk1859
rough1878
to open up1886
pink1897
crutch1915
barrow1933
slum1965
1915 J. R. Macdonald N.Z. Sheepfarming xxv. 68 If crutching is followed, any wool that might hinder the lambs from sucking may be clipped.
1920 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. 20 July 8 The keeping-lambs are crutched, branded, dipped, and placed out.
1942 R. B. Kelley Animal Breeding vii. 76 We find it advantageous also to ‘crutch’ long-coated bitches.
1946 F. D. Davison Dusty vi. 65 Blowfly season was drawing near. Morrison and Tom were crutching the sheep, cutting away the soiled wool from under their tails, where they would be most likely to be blown.

Derivatives

ˈcrutching n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > sheep washing or dipping
sheep-wash749
rivering1532
sheepwashing1826
crutching1837
sheep-dipping1852
jetting1941
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > sheep-shearing > [noun] > partial shearing
bearding1484
crutching1837
clatting1844
tagginga1890
barrowing1949
1837 [see sense 3]. 1915 [see sense 5].
1933 L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 7 Oct. 15/7 When sheep are dipped, they are shoved under with a thing like an inverted crutch. This is called crutching.
1941 Nature 5 Apr. 421/2Crutching’..consists of shearing the wool away from the area around the tail so that this part keeps clean.
1953 O. E. Middleton in C. K. Stead N.Z. Short Stories (1966) 2nd Ser. 189 But aside from shearing and crutching times, life was good at the station.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

crutchv.2

Obsolete.
Misprint or error for cratch v., to scratch.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > scratch or graze
cratchc1320
scrat1340
cramse1440
scratch1474
crutch1481
rata1560
razea1586
gravel1608
ravel1621
graze1701
ruffle1731
skin1795
bark1850
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1880) viii. 15 Bruyn..crutched [Flem. crassede] with the hynder feet.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

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