culln.¹

Forms: Also Middle English cole.

dialect.

The fish called Bull-head or Miller's Thumb.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Cottidae (sculpins) > member of genus Cottus (bull-head) > cottus gobio (miller's thumb)

cabochec1425

miller's thumb1440

bullheadc1450

cull1480

binhead1581

cabot1611

river bullhead1763

1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 292 Homines possunt piscare..de colys vocat. myller thombys.

1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 358 Yn Wye-water sunt..cullys.

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Cull, the bull-head. Glouc.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

culln.²

Brit.

/kʌl/, U.S.

/kəl/

Etymology: perhaps abbreviation of cully n.

slang and dialect.

A dupe, silly fellow, simpleton, fool; a man, fellow, chap.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > man > [noun]

churla800

werec900

rinkeOE

wapmanc950

heOE

wyeOE

gomeOE

ledeOE

seggeOE

shalkOE

manOE

carmanlOE

mother bairnc1225

hemea1250

mother sona1250

hind1297

buck1303

mister mana1325

piecec1325

groomc1330

man of mouldc1330

hathela1350

sire1362

malea1382

fellowa1393

guestc1394

sergeant?a1400

tailarda1400

tulka1400

harlotc1405

mother's sona1470

frekea1475

her1488

masculinea1500

gentlemana1513

horse?a1513

mutton?a1513

merchant1549

child1551

dick1553

sorrya1555

knavea1556

dandiprat1556

cove1567

rat1571

manling1573

bird1575

stone-horse1580

loona1586

shaver1592

slave1592

copemate1593

tit1594

dog1597

hima1599

prick1598

dingle-dangle1605

jade1608

dildoa1616

Roger1631

Johnny1648

boy1651

cod1653

cully1676

son of a bitch1697

cull1698

feller1699

chap1704

buff1708

son of a gun1708

buffer1749

codger1750

Mr1753

he-man1758

fella1778

gilla1790

gloak1795

joker1811

gory1819

covey1821

chappie1822

Charley1825

hombre1832

brother-man1839

rooster1840

blokie1841

hoss1843

Joe1846

guy1847

plug1848

chal1851

rye1851

omee1859

bloke1861

guffin1862

gadgie1865

mug1865

kerel1873

stiff1882

snoozer1884

geezer1885

josser1886

dude1895

gazabo1896

jasper1896

prairie dog1897

sport1897

crow-eater1899

papa1903

gink1906

stud1909

scout1912

head1913

beezer1914

jeff1917

pisser1918

bimbo1919

bozo1920

gee1921

mush1936

rye mush1936

basher1942

okie1943

mugger1945

cat1946

ou1949

tess1952

oke1970

bra1974

muzhik1993

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > [noun] > gullible person, dupe

foola1382

woodcockc1430

geckc1530

cousinc1555

cokes1567

milch cow1582

gudgeon1584

coney1591

martin1591

gull1594

plover1599

rook1600

gull-finch1604

cheatee1615

goata1616

whirligig1624

chouse1649

coll1657

cully1664

bubble1668

lamb1668

Simple Simon?1673

mouth1680

dupe1681

cull1698

bub1699

game1699

muggins1705

colour1707

milk cow1727

flat1762

gulpin1802

slob1810

gaggee1819

sucker1838

hoaxee1840

softie1850

foozle1860

lemon1863

juggins1882

yob1886

patsy1889

yapc1894

fall guy1895

fruit1895

meemaw1895

easy mark1896

lobster1896

mark1896

wise guy1896

come-on1897

pushover1907

John1908

schnookle1908

Gretchen1913

jug1914

schnook1920

soft touch1924

prospect1931

steamer1932

punter1934

dill1941

Joe Soap1943

possum1945

Moreton Bay1953

easy touch1959

1698 In Vino Veritas 25 How prettily we top upon those Rum Culls called Gentlemen.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xii. 260 A Way to empty the Pockets of a Queer Cull .

a1764 R. Lloyd Poet. Wks. (1774) II. 107 The hen-peck'd culls of vixen wives.

1839 W. H. Ainsworth Jack Sheppard I. i. iii. 58 Capital trick of the cull in the cloak to make another person's brat stand the brunt for his own.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

culln.³

Brit.

/kʌl/, U.S.

/kəl/

Etymology: < cull v.¹

1. The act or product of culling; a selection.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > [noun] > selecting from a number or for a purpose > the product of selection

coil1574

culla1618

delibation1624

culling1692

selecta1734

the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > [noun]

slaughtera1300

to make larder ofa1330

murdering?a1475

fall1575

butchering1609

ovicide1828

felicide1832

poultrycide1841

piscicide1847

vealing1847

kill1850

slaughterage1854

birdicide1862

apricide1864

insecticide1865

vulpicidism1865

vulpicide1873

serpenticide1882

tauricide1882

vaccicide1887

leporicide1914

culling1938

cull1958

a1618 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue iv. 383 Some curious Cull Of Croton Dames so choicely Beautifull.

a1643 J. Spelman Case of Affaires (1644) 17 This man..presents the world with a cull of all the irregular times of our unfortunate Princes.

1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Josephus Jewish Antiq. xii. ii, in Wks. 321 To make a Cull out of your several Tribes, of six Elders out of each Tribe.

1958 Times 20 May 4/3 An annual cull should be carried out..to limit further increases in the grey seal population.

1968 Times Lit. Suppl. 30 May 559/4 A list of the words and phrases I'd found, which may be of interest as showing an average daily cull from an intelligent newspaper.

2. Farming. An animal drafted from the flock as being inferior or too old for breeding; usually fattened for the market. Also, a bird drafted as inferior; and figurative. Cf. culling n.¹ 3. (Usually in plural)The use in quot. 1791 is peculiar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > flock of > inferior member of

culler1538

kebber1538

outcast1671

cull1791

the world > animals > birds > [noun] > inferior

villain1481

cull1919

1791 Ann. Agric. 16 493 The Burford ewes are..culled every year; the oldest are fattened and the ram given to the culls, to answer the purpose of westerns.

1809 Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 801/2 We have our lamb fairs..our shearling fairs, our fairs for culls.

1858 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 19 i. 39 20 fat cows..the culls of their herds.

1880 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 463 They were ‘culls’, that is sheep drafted out of other flocks for some fault or on account of age.

1919 H. L. Wilson Ma Pettengill viii. 253 It made him feel like a social cull or an outcast, or something.

1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Oct. 359/1 Many culls are unhealthy or diseased and are a potential danger to all other birds with which they come into contact.

attributive.1793 Ann. Agric. 19 148 Cull ewes, generally..called draught ewes.1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 322/1 The purchasing of ‘cull’ or old ewes from some good breeder.

3. chiefly plural and attributive.

Categories »

a. North American. ‘Refuse timber, from which the best part has been culled out’ (Webster 1864). Also cull lumber.

b. U.S. ‘Any refuse stuff; as, in bakeries, rolls not properly baked’ (Webster Supp. 1881).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > undressed trunk or log > types of > rejected collectively

cull1829

1829 J. MacTaggart Three Years in Canada I. 245 The refuse wood is called culls, and brings an inferior price.

1868 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1865–6 6 647 Culls are a quality manufactured from winding, worm-eaten, shaky or dry-rot timber, badly manufactured, or less than sixteen (16) inches in length.

1873 Rep. Supreme Court Wisconsin 29 593 About 90,000 feet was not good merchantable lumber, but was what is called culls.

1897 F. C. Moore How to build Home ii. 23 The ‘cull’ lumber should be put in the closets, storerooms, and upper or attic rooms.

1953 Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol.: Pt. I (Empire Forestry Assoc.) 35 Cull, (a) an inferior plant rejected from nursery stock, (b) trees or logs that are of merchantable size but are rendered unmerchantable by defects.

1969 L. G. Sorden Lumberjack Lingo 30 Cull, rejected logs having little or no value.

c. Fruit rejected as being of inferior quality. (See also Eng. Dial. Dict.) Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > [noun] > damaged or rejected

speck1851

cull1937

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > fruit crop > rejected part of

cull1937

1937 Nature 7 Aug. 222/1 The utilization of farm wastes and by-products is being investigated; already cull citrus fruits in California are being processed for producing citric acid, citrus oils and pectin.

1951 New Biol. 10 56 Malformed and scarred apples were discarded, and it became a matter of moment to reduce the proportion of ‘culls’ or waste.

1962 Times 31 Mar. 9/7 Some cull apples go, at a low price, into cider manufacture.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cullv.¹

Brit.

/kʌl/, U.S.

/kəl/

Forms: Also Middle English cole, Middle English–1600s culle, 1500s–1600s cul.

Etymology: < Old French cuillir and -er, later cueillir, in imperative cuille , coille , cueille /køɬ/, to collect, gather, take, select, etc. = Provençal coillir , cuelhir , culhir , Catalan cullir , Spanish coger , Portuguese colher , Italian cogliere < Latin colligĕre , present indicative colligo , which became subsequently colgo , coglio , and was conjugated in different parts of the Romanic domain with -ĕre (Italian), -ēre (Spanish and Portuguese), -īre (Provençal and French), -āre (French). The word was frequent in Middle English in the form coil (see coil v.¹, and compare coil v.³) for the Old French form coillir ; cull appears in the 15th cent., and may represent the French stem cuell- , cueill- : compare Middle English puple for French pueple , peuple . Compare also Middle English cuyl v., to collect.

1. transitive. To choose from a number or quantity; to select, pick. Now most frequently used of making a literary selection. cull out: to pick out, select (archaic).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > choose in specific way [verb (transitive)] > select from a number or for a purpose

markOE

to choose out1297

out-trya1325

cullc1330

welec1330

try1340

walea1350

coil1399

drawa1400

to mark outa1450

electa1513

sorta1535

prick1536

exempta1538

select1567

sort1597

to gather out1611

single1629

delibate1660

to cut out1667

outlooka1687

draught1714

draft1724

to tell off1727

society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > extract > extract (from) [verb (transitive)] > select (extract)

culla1513

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2731 Sex hundred of hyse he colede out, Þat proued were, hardy & stout.

a1400 K. Alis. 2686 Foure thousand knyghtis,..Y-coled alle for the nones.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 107 Cullyn' owte, segrego, lego, separo.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxviii. f. cxxxix The Auctours so Rawe and so ferre to Culle.

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. Pref. sig. ¶¶3 Certayne haue I culled out of the Decamerone of..Boccaccio.

a1593 H. Smith Serm. (1622) 338 To cull out of all the people, those which had best courage.

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 60 It is no small advantage to pick or cull out the best Seed.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. viii. 82 This Villian was culled out to be sacrificed to the just Resentment of the People.

1783 G. Crabbe Village ii. 35 Words aptly cull'd, and meanings well exprest.

1877 ‘H. A. Page’ T. De Quincey: Life & Writings I. vi. 111 From various notes of later dates we cull the following.

2. To gather, pick, pluck (flowers, fruits, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by plucking or picking > from a natural source

gatherOE

pluckOE

picka1393

take1477

cull1637

1637 J. Milton Comus 10 The Sirens three..Culling their Potent hearbs.

a1763 W. Shenstone Elegies iv, in Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) I. 17 Then elegance.., Shall cull fresh flow'rets for Ophelia's tomb.

1840 R. H. Barham Leech of Folkestone in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 135 A sprig of mountain ash culled by moonlight.

1880 ‘Ouida’ Moths I. 12 The strawberries just culled.

figurative.1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude xiii. 340 Where I could..cull Knowledge that step by step might lead me on.

3. transferred. To subject to the process of selection; to select or gather the choice things or parts from.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > choose in specific way [verb (transitive)] > select from a number or for a purpose > pick out the best

garble1484

coil1607

cream1615

geld1637

cull1713

to pick over1732

1713 Guardian 26 Sept. 2/1 I shall always pick and cull the Basket for him.

1821 A. Fisher Voy. Arctic Regions 1819–20 230 I thought that, by attempting to cull it [a subject] I might omit some circumstances that deserved to be mentioned.

1881 Gardeners' Chron. No. 417. 823 The ground is culled at intervals of three, four, or five years.

a. To pick out (livestock, etc.) according to their quality. Also absol.The earliest examples are Australian and New Zealand but the word is now widely used in Britain and elsewhere.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > kill animal [verb (transitive)]

slayc1000

slaughter1535

kill1560

to bring down1768

bag1814

mop1859

murder1863

beef1869

cull1889

carcass1906

harvest1947

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > cull livestock

cull1889

1889 G. P. Williams & W. P. Reeves Colonial Couplets 9 I'd far sooner choose To be writing to you, than be culling the ewes.

1927 M. M. Bennett Christison of Lammermoor xii. 125 Christison used to cull on clearly defined lines. At first coarse calves were culled.

1929 ‘M. B. Eldershaw’ House is Built i. 10 There were a few lean, dejected cattle, the best of them having been culled out hours before [by buyers].

1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Apr. 387/3 All ewes on this farm, which are crossbred sheep, are culled for quality and not for age.

1968 J. F. Gordon Beagle Guide 170 Cull, to eliminate unwanted hounds.

1969 Listener 27 Mar. 439/3 The battery boys ‘cull’ (or liquidate) their hens when they've laid for about a year.

1970 Kenya Farmer Feb. 15/2 A bigger cow..will..fetch a higher price at culling.

b. spec. To select and kill (wild animals or birds), usually in order to improve the stock or reduce the population.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > kill animal [verb (transitive)] > wild animals

cull1934

the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > kill animal [verb (intransitive)]

kill1857

cull1979

1934 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) 12 Apr. 10/4 With the object of determining the best method of culling deer in the Tararuas..the sum of £10 was granted by the Wellington Acclimatisation Society last night.

1963 E. Robins Africa's Wild Life xxvi. 212 One should cull at least 50% of one's herd annually.

1964 [implied in: C. Willock Enormous Zoo vi. 102 The experimental shooting of hippo—culling is the polite conservation term for it—had begun. (at culling n.¹ 1b)].

1978 Orcadian 31 Aug. 1/2 Lord Cranbrook..said that 10,000-plus [seal] pups had been culled in the last ten years.

1979 S. Flint Let Seals Live! i. 20 It always appeared to me that the..Nature Conservancy Council had been coerced into appearing to back the decision to cull when its unpopularity became evident.

5. Forestry. (See quots.) North American.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [verb (transitive)] > reject inferior timber

cull1904

1904 S. E. White Blazed Trail Stories 49 A log is culled, or thrown out, when..it will not make good timber.

1905 Terms Forestry & Logging (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 61) 9 Cull, to take out of a forest by selection a portion of the trees.

1953 Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol.: Pt. I (Empire Forestry Assoc.) 35 To cull, (a) to reject inferior plants from nursery stock, (b) to deduct the effective portion of a merchantable log or piece of timber from the gross volume in scaling or measuring timber. (Canada.)

1953 H. L. Edlin Forester's Handbk. iv. 59 Once raised, the stocks should be culled—that is, any obviously stunted, mis-shapen or diseased specimens should be thrown aside.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† cullv.²

Forms: Also 1500s kull.

Etymology: Variant of coll v.¹

Obsolete or dialect.

a. transitive. To fondle in the arms, hug.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [verb (transitive)]

clipc950

freeOE

beclipc1000

windc1175

fang?c1200

yokec1275

umgripea1300

to take in (also into, on) one's armsc1300

umbefold14..

collc1320

lapc1350

bracec1375

embracec1386

clapa1400

folda1400

halsea1400

umbeclapa1400

accollc1400

fathomc1400

halchc1400

haspc1400

hoderc1440

plighta1450

plet?a1500

cuddlec1520

complect1523

umbfoldc1540

clasp1549

culla1564

cully1576

huggle1583

embosom1590

wrap1594

collya1600

cling1607

bosom1608

grasp1609

comply1648

huddlea1650

smuggle1679

inarm1713

snuggle1775

cwtch1965

a1564 T. Becon Jewel of Joy in Wks. (1844) 443 To kiss and kull him as his dear darling.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. Aiij Least making a wanton of my first,..I should..kil it by cullyng it.

1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Div He..Hugges, culles, and clippes him in his aged armes.

1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 535 Oh! how they could hug and cull it.

b. cull-me-to-you n. rural name of the pansy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > pea flowers > violet and allied flowers > allied flowers

pansyc1450

heartsease1530

pansy flower1530

three (also two) faces under (or in) a (or one) hood1548

bulbous violet1578

love-in-idleness1578

sweet violet1578

pensea1592

cull-me-to-you1597

dog's tooth violet1597

dog violet1597

kiss-me-ere-I-rise1597

live in idleness1597

wild violet1597

yellow violet1597

love-and-idle1630

love-in-idle1664

trinity1699

fancy1712

wood violet1713

marsh violet1753

tree violet1753

kiss-me-at-the-gate1787

bird's-foot violet1802

Parma violet1812

Johnny-jump-up1827

stepmother1828

Neapolitan violet1830

garden gate1842

butterfly pea1848

kissa1852

pinkany-John1854

viola1871

kiss-me1877

pink-eyed John1877

face and hood1886

roosterhead1894

trout-lily1909

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 705 Harts ease, Pansies, Liue in Idlenes, Cull me to you, and three faces in a hood.

1814 L. Hunt Feast Poets Cuddle-me-to-you, which seems to have been altered by some nice apprehension into the less vivacious request of Cull-me-to-you.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

n.¹1480

n.²1698

n.³a1618

v.¹c1330

v.²a1564

单词	cull
释义	culln.¹ Forms: Also Middle English cole. dialect. The fish called Bull-head or Miller's Thumb. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Cottidae (sculpins) > member of genus Cottus (bull-head) > cottus gobio (miller's thumb) cabochec1425 miller's thumb1440 bullheadc1450 cull1480 binhead1581 cabot1611 river bullhead1763 1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 292 Homines possunt piscare..de colys vocat. myller thombys. 1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 358 Yn Wye-water sunt..cullys. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Cull, the bull-head. Glouc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020). culln.² Brit. /kʌl/, U.S. /kəl/ Etymology: perhaps abbreviation of cully n. slang and dialect. A dupe, silly fellow, simpleton, fool; a man, fellow, chap. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] churla800 werec900 rinkeOE wapmanc950 heOE wyeOE gomeOE ledeOE seggeOE shalkOE manOE carmanlOE mother bairnc1225 hemea1250 mother sona1250 hind1297 buck1303 mister mana1325 piecec1325 groomc1330 man of mouldc1330 hathela1350 sire1362 malea1382 fellowa1393 guestc1394 sergeant?a1400 tailarda1400 tulka1400 harlotc1405 mother's sona1470 frekea1475 her1488 masculinea1500 gentlemana1513 horse?a1513 mutton?a1513 merchant1549 child1551 dick1553 sorrya1555 knavea1556 dandiprat1556 cove1567 rat1571 manling1573 bird1575 stone-horse1580 loona1586 shaver1592 slave1592 copemate1593 tit1594 dog1597 hima1599 prick1598 dingle-dangle1605 jade1608 dildoa1616 Roger1631 Johnny1648 boy1651 cod1653 cully1676 son of a bitch1697 cull1698 feller1699 chap1704 buff1708 son of a gun1708 buffer1749 codger1750 Mr1753 he-man1758 fella1778 gilla1790 gloak1795 joker1811 gory1819 covey1821 chappie1822 Charley1825 hombre1832 brother-man1839 rooster1840 blokie1841 hoss1843 Joe1846 guy1847 plug1848 chal1851 rye1851 omee1859 bloke1861 guffin1862 gadgie1865 mug1865 kerel1873 stiff1882 snoozer1884 geezer1885 josser1886 dude1895 gazabo1896 jasper1896 prairie dog1897 sport1897 crow-eater1899 papa1903 gink1906 stud1909 scout1912 head1913 beezer1914 jeff1917 pisser1918 bimbo1919 bozo1920 gee1921 mush1936 rye mush1936 basher1942 okie1943 mugger1945 cat1946 ou1949 tess1952 oke1970 bra1974 muzhik1993 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > [noun] > gullible person, dupe foola1382 woodcockc1430 geckc1530 cousinc1555 cokes1567 milch cow1582 gudgeon1584 coney1591 martin1591 gull1594 plover1599 rook1600 gull-finch1604 cheatee1615 goata1616 whirligig1624 chouse1649 coll1657 cully1664 bubble1668 lamb1668 Simple Simon?1673 mouth1680 dupe1681 cull1698 bub1699 game1699 muggins1705 colour1707 milk cow1727 flat1762 gulpin1802 slob1810 gaggee1819 sucker1838 hoaxee1840 softie1850 foozle1860 lemon1863 juggins1882 yob1886 patsy1889 yapc1894 fall guy1895 fruit1895 meemaw1895 easy mark1896 lobster1896 mark1896 wise guy1896 come-on1897 pushover1907 John1908 schnookle1908 Gretchen1913 jug1914 schnook1920 soft touch1924 prospect1931 steamer1932 punter1934 dill1941 Joe Soap1943 possum1945 Moreton Bay1953 easy touch1959 1698 In Vino Veritas 25 How prettily we top upon those Rum Culls called Gentlemen. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xii. 260 A Way to empty the Pockets of a Queer Cull . View more context for this quotation a1764 R. Lloyd Poet. Wks. (1774) II. 107 The hen-peck'd culls of vixen wives. 1839 W. H. Ainsworth Jack Sheppard I. i. iii. 58 Capital trick of the cull in the cloak to make another person's brat stand the brunt for his own. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). culln.³ Brit. /kʌl/, U.S. /kəl/ Etymology: < cull v.¹ 1. The act or product of culling; a selection. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > [noun] > selecting from a number or for a purpose > the product of selection coil1574 culla1618 delibation1624 culling1692 selecta1734 the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > [noun] slaughtera1300 to make larder ofa1330 murdering?a1475 fall1575 butchering1609 ovicide1828 felicide1832 poultrycide1841 piscicide1847 vealing1847 kill1850 slaughterage1854 birdicide1862 apricide1864 insecticide1865 vulpicidism1865 vulpicide1873 serpenticide1882 tauricide1882 vaccicide1887 leporicide1914 culling1938 cull1958 a1618 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue iv. 383 Some curious Cull Of Croton Dames so choicely Beautifull. a1643 J. Spelman Case of Affaires (1644) 17 This man..presents the world with a cull of all the irregular times of our unfortunate Princes. 1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Josephus Jewish Antiq. xii. ii, in Wks. 321 To make a Cull out of your several Tribes, of six Elders out of each Tribe. 1958 Times 20 May 4/3 An annual cull should be carried out..to limit further increases in the grey seal population. 1968 Times Lit. Suppl. 30 May 559/4 A list of the words and phrases I'd found, which may be of interest as showing an average daily cull from an intelligent newspaper. 2. Farming. An animal drafted from the flock as being inferior or too old for breeding; usually fattened for the market. Also, a bird drafted as inferior; and figurative. Cf. culling n.¹ 3. (Usually in plural)The use in quot. 1791 is peculiar. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > flock of > inferior member of culler1538 kebber1538 outcast1671 cull1791 the world > animals > birds > [noun] > inferior villain1481 cull1919 1791 Ann. Agric. 16 493 The Burford ewes are..culled every year; the oldest are fattened and the ram given to the culls, to answer the purpose of westerns. 1809 Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 801/2 We have our lamb fairs..our shearling fairs, our fairs for culls. 1858 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 19 i. 39 20 fat cows..the culls of their herds. 1880 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 463 They were ‘culls’, that is sheep drafted out of other flocks for some fault or on account of age. 1919 H. L. Wilson Ma Pettengill viii. 253 It made him feel like a social cull or an outcast, or something. 1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Oct. 359/1 Many culls are unhealthy or diseased and are a potential danger to all other birds with which they come into contact. attributive.1793 Ann. Agric. 19 148 Cull ewes, generally..called draught ewes.1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 322/1 The purchasing of ‘cull’ or old ewes from some good breeder. 3. chiefly plural and attributive. Categories » a. North American. ‘Refuse timber, from which the best part has been culled out’ (Webster 1864). Also cull lumber. b. U.S. ‘Any refuse stuff; as, in bakeries, rolls not properly baked’ (Webster Supp. 1881). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > undressed trunk or log > types of > rejected collectively cull1829 1829 J. MacTaggart Three Years in Canada I. 245 The refuse wood is called culls, and brings an inferior price. 1868 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1865–6 6 647 Culls are a quality manufactured from winding, worm-eaten, shaky or dry-rot timber, badly manufactured, or less than sixteen (16) inches in length. 1873 Rep. Supreme Court Wisconsin 29 593 About 90,000 feet was not good merchantable lumber, but was what is called culls. 1897 F. C. Moore How to build Home ii. 23 The ‘cull’ lumber should be put in the closets, storerooms, and upper or attic rooms. 1953 Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol.: Pt. I (Empire Forestry Assoc.) 35 Cull, (a) an inferior plant rejected from nursery stock, (b) trees or logs that are of merchantable size but are rendered unmerchantable by defects. 1969 L. G. Sorden Lumberjack Lingo 30 Cull, rejected logs having little or no value. c. Fruit rejected as being of inferior quality. (See also Eng. Dial. Dict.) Also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > [noun] > damaged or rejected speck1851 cull1937 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > fruit crop > rejected part of cull1937 1937 Nature 7 Aug. 222/1 The utilization of farm wastes and by-products is being investigated; already cull citrus fruits in California are being processed for producing citric acid, citrus oils and pectin. 1951 New Biol. 10 56 Malformed and scarred apples were discarded, and it became a matter of moment to reduce the proportion of ‘culls’ or waste. 1962 Times 31 Mar. 9/7 Some cull apples go, at a low price, into cider manufacture. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). cullv.¹ Brit. /kʌl/, U.S. /kəl/ Forms: Also Middle English cole, Middle English–1600s culle, 1500s–1600s cul. Etymology: < Old French cuillir and -er, later cueillir, in imperative cuille , coille , cueille /køɬ/, to collect, gather, take, select, etc. = Provençal coillir , cuelhir , culhir , Catalan cullir , Spanish coger , Portuguese colher , Italian cogliere < Latin colligĕre , present indicative colligo , which became subsequently colgo , coglio , and was conjugated in different parts of the Romanic domain with -ĕre (Italian), -ēre (Spanish and Portuguese), -īre (Provençal and French), -āre (French). The word was frequent in Middle English in the form coil (see coil v.¹, and compare coil v.³) for the Old French form coillir ; cull appears in the 15th cent., and may represent the French stem cuell- , cueill- : compare Middle English puple for French pueple , peuple . Compare also Middle English cuyl v., to collect. 1. transitive. To choose from a number or quantity; to select, pick. Now most frequently used of making a literary selection. cull out: to pick out, select (archaic). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > choose in specific way [verb (transitive)] > select from a number or for a purpose markOE to choose out1297 out-trya1325 cullc1330 welec1330 try1340 walea1350 coil1399 drawa1400 to mark outa1450 electa1513 sorta1535 prick1536 exempta1538 select1567 sort1597 to gather out1611 single1629 delibate1660 to cut out1667 outlooka1687 draught1714 draft1724 to tell off1727 society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > extract > extract (from) [verb (transitive)] > select (extract) culla1513 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2731 Sex hundred of hyse he colede out, Þat proued were, hardy & stout. a1400 K. Alis. 2686 Foure thousand knyghtis,..Y-coled alle for the nones. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 107 Cullyn' owte, segrego, lego, separo. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxviii. f. cxxxix The Auctours so Rawe and so ferre to Culle. 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. Pref. sig. ¶¶3 Certayne haue I culled out of the Decamerone of..Boccaccio. a1593 H. Smith Serm. (1622) 338 To cull out of all the people, those which had best courage. 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 60 It is no small advantage to pick or cull out the best Seed. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. viii. 82 This Villian was culled out to be sacrificed to the just Resentment of the People. 1783 G. Crabbe Village ii. 35 Words aptly cull'd, and meanings well exprest. 1877 ‘H. A. Page’ T. De Quincey: Life & Writings I. vi. 111 From various notes of later dates we cull the following. 2. To gather, pick, pluck (flowers, fruits, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by plucking or picking > from a natural source gatherOE pluckOE picka1393 take1477 cull1637 1637 J. Milton Comus 10 The Sirens three..Culling their Potent hearbs. a1763 W. Shenstone Elegies iv, in Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) I. 17 Then elegance.., Shall cull fresh flow'rets for Ophelia's tomb. 1840 R. H. Barham Leech of Folkestone in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 135 A sprig of mountain ash culled by moonlight. 1880 ‘Ouida’ Moths I. 12 The strawberries just culled. figurative.1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude xiii. 340 Where I could..cull Knowledge that step by step might lead me on. 3. transferred. To subject to the process of selection; to select or gather the choice things or parts from. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > choose in specific way [verb (transitive)] > select from a number or for a purpose > pick out the best garble1484 coil1607 cream1615 geld1637 cull1713 to pick over1732 1713 Guardian 26 Sept. 2/1 I shall always pick and cull the Basket for him. 1821 A. Fisher Voy. Arctic Regions 1819–20 230 I thought that, by attempting to cull it [a subject] I might omit some circumstances that deserved to be mentioned. 1881 Gardeners' Chron. No. 417. 823 The ground is culled at intervals of three, four, or five years. 4. a. To pick out (livestock, etc.) according to their quality. Also absol.The earliest examples are Australian and New Zealand but the word is now widely used in Britain and elsewhere. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > kill animal [verb (transitive)] slayc1000 slaughter1535 kill1560 to bring down1768 bag1814 mop1859 murder1863 beef1869 cull1889 carcass1906 harvest1947 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > cull livestock cull1889 1889 G. P. Williams & W. P. Reeves Colonial Couplets 9 I'd far sooner choose To be writing to you, than be culling the ewes. 1927 M. M. Bennett Christison of Lammermoor xii. 125 Christison used to cull on clearly defined lines. At first coarse calves were culled. 1929 ‘M. B. Eldershaw’ House is Built i. 10 There were a few lean, dejected cattle, the best of them having been culled out hours before [by buyers]. 1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Apr. 387/3 All ewes on this farm, which are crossbred sheep, are culled for quality and not for age. 1968 J. F. Gordon Beagle Guide 170 Cull, to eliminate unwanted hounds. 1969 Listener 27 Mar. 439/3 The battery boys ‘cull’ (or liquidate) their hens when they've laid for about a year. 1970 Kenya Farmer Feb. 15/2 A bigger cow..will..fetch a higher price at culling. b. spec. To select and kill (wild animals or birds), usually in order to improve the stock or reduce the population. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > kill animal [verb (transitive)] > wild animals cull1934 the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > kill animal [verb (intransitive)] kill1857 cull1979 1934 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) 12 Apr. 10/4 With the object of determining the best method of culling deer in the Tararuas..the sum of £10 was granted by the Wellington Acclimatisation Society last night. 1963 E. Robins Africa's Wild Life xxvi. 212 One should cull at least 50% of one's herd annually. 1964 [implied in: C. Willock Enormous Zoo vi. 102 The experimental shooting of hippo—culling is the polite conservation term for it—had begun. (at culling n.¹ 1b)]. 1978 Orcadian 31 Aug. 1/2 Lord Cranbrook..said that 10,000-plus [seal] pups had been culled in the last ten years. 1979 S. Flint Let Seals Live! i. 20 It always appeared to me that the..Nature Conservancy Council had been coerced into appearing to back the decision to cull when its unpopularity became evident. 5. Forestry. (See quots.) North American. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [verb (transitive)] > reject inferior timber cull1904 1904 S. E. White Blazed Trail Stories 49 A log is culled, or thrown out, when..it will not make good timber. 1905 Terms Forestry & Logging (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 61) 9 Cull, to take out of a forest by selection a portion of the trees. 1953 Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol.: Pt. I (Empire Forestry Assoc.) 35 To cull, (a) to reject inferior plants from nursery stock, (b) to deduct the effective portion of a merchantable log or piece of timber from the gross volume in scaling or measuring timber. (Canada.) 1953 H. L. Edlin Forester's Handbk. iv. 59 Once raised, the stocks should be culled—that is, any obviously stunted, mis-shapen or diseased specimens should be thrown aside. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † cullv.² Forms: Also 1500s kull. Etymology: Variant of coll v.¹ Obsolete or dialect. a. transitive. To fondle in the arms, hug. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [verb (transitive)] clipc950 freeOE beclipc1000 windc1175 fang?c1200 yokec1275 umgripea1300 to take in (also into, on) one's armsc1300 umbefold14.. collc1320 lapc1350 bracec1375 embracec1386 clapa1400 folda1400 halsea1400 umbeclapa1400 accollc1400 fathomc1400 halchc1400 haspc1400 hoderc1440 plighta1450 plet?a1500 cuddlec1520 complect1523 umbfoldc1540 clasp1549 culla1564 cully1576 huggle1583 embosom1590 wrap1594 collya1600 cling1607 bosom1608 grasp1609 comply1648 huddlea1650 smuggle1679 inarm1713 snuggle1775 cwtch1965 a1564 T. Becon Jewel of Joy in Wks. (1844) 443 To kiss and kull him as his dear darling. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. Aiij Least making a wanton of my first,..I should..kil it by cullyng it. 1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Div He..Hugges, culles, and clippes him in his aged armes. 1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 535 Oh! how they could hug and cull it. b. cull-me-to-you n. rural name of the pansy. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > pea flowers > violet and allied flowers > allied flowers pansyc1450 heartsease1530 pansy flower1530 three (also two) faces under (or in) a (or one) hood1548 bulbous violet1578 love-in-idleness1578 sweet violet1578 pensea1592 cull-me-to-you1597 dog's tooth violet1597 dog violet1597 kiss-me-ere-I-rise1597 live in idleness1597 wild violet1597 yellow violet1597 love-and-idle1630 love-in-idle1664 trinity1699 fancy1712 wood violet1713 marsh violet1753 tree violet1753 kiss-me-at-the-gate1787 bird's-foot violet1802 Parma violet1812 Johnny-jump-up1827 stepmother1828 Neapolitan violet1830 garden gate1842 butterfly pea1848 kissa1852 pinkany-John1854 viola1871 kiss-me1877 pink-eyed John1877 face and hood1886 roosterhead1894 trout-lily1909 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 705 Harts ease, Pansies, Liue in Idlenes, Cull me to you, and three faces in a hood. 1814 L. Hunt Feast Poets Cuddle-me-to-you, which seems to have been altered by some nice apprehension into the less vivacious request of Cull-me-to-you. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.¹1480n.²1698n.³a1618v.¹c1330v.²a1564
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