单词 | crossing |
释义 | crossingn. 1. The marking with or making the sign of the cross. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > sign of the cross > making saining?a1513 crossing1530 consignation1537 blessing1550 signing1572 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 211/1 Crossyng, croisee. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Certayne Notes Ministracion f. xxxvii* As touching kneeling, crossing..and other gestures. 1884 Evangelical Mag. Jan. 9 As many genuflexions..and as many crossings as ever. 2. The action of drawing lines across; striking out, erasure; writing across other writing. crossing off or out: striking off (an item), striking out (a word or entry) by drawing a cancelling line across it. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [noun] > writing across other writing crossing1822 a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) vii. vi. 338 By procuring the crossing of all the Debt-books of our sins. 1822 P. B. Shelley Let. 18 June (1964) II. 715 I intend to indulge myself in plenty of paper and no crossings. 1848 A. H. Clough Bothie of Toper-na-Fuosich iv. 205 Your letter..was written in scraps with crossings and counter-crossings. 1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking iv. 90 The alteration or erasure of a crossing [of a cheque] is a forgery. 3. a. The action of passing across; intersecting; traversing; passage across the sea, a river, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > across traversing1524 going-over1556 traverse1563 crossing1575 river crossing1839 traversal1851 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xl. 123 The crossings and doublings of the Deare. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued I. i. 190 To follow..all the twistings and crossings and entanglements in those intricate subjects. 1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. xxi. 382 The complex crossings of the mazy dance. 1891 J. E. H. Thomson Bks. which influenced Our Lord ii. i. 271 The crossing of the great and wide sea. b. The action of crossing the path of another rider so as to obstruct him. Also figurative. Cf. cross-and-jostle n. at cross- comb. form 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > a ride or spell of riding or excursion > causing obstruction crossing1796 1796 Hull Advertiser 23 Apr. 3/3 All the crossings and jostlings which the barrack-master..experienced. 1891 Daily News 5 Nov. 3/3 May Rose, whose jockey..for boring and crossing, was suspended for the remainder of the meeting. 4. The place where two lines, tracks, bands, or the like, cross; intersection. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [noun] > place of intersection intersection1559 cutting1598 crossing1828 1828 W. Scott Jrnl. 20 Apr. (1941) 228 The ceiling..is garnished, at the crossing and combining of the arches, with the recurring heads of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. 1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour iv. 61 A ring, placed at the crossing of the two strengthening bands. 5. spec. a. The intersection of two streets, roads, lines of railway, etc. level crossing n. the intersection of a road and a railway, or of two railways, on the same level. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > junction of roads, paths, or tracks > [noun] > cross-roads carfax1357 carfour1477 cross1546 cross-way?1556 quatervois?1575 four-way1598 four-crosswaya1645 crossing1695 four-went way(s1777 cross-road1812 cross-street1825 intersectiona1864 society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > level-crossing farm crossing1839 level crossing1840 level crossing1841 surface crossing1841 railway crossing1851 1695 J. Dryden tr. R. de Piles in tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica 92 Statues..in the crossing of Streets, or in the Squares. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 179 I was always upon my guard at Turnings and Crossings of Streets. 1840 F. Whishaw Railways Great Brit. & Ireland 24 Where gates are fixed at the level road crossings. 1889 G. Findlay Working & Managem. Eng. Railway 51 The intersection of one rail with another at any angle is termed a ‘crossing’, and these crossings are so constructed with wing rails and check rails as to guide the flange of the wheel, and ensure its taking the required direction. b. Ecclesiastical Architecture. That part of a cruciform church where the transepts cross the nave. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > crossing > [noun] crossing1835 1835 Whewell Archit. Notes German Ch. i. 45 (note) The portion of the building..over that space in the ground plan where the transept crosses the nave is called the crossing. 1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 13 If the pulpit be in the crossing. 6. The place at which a street, river, etc. is crossed by passengers. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > place where something may be crossed ferry1286 passage?a1400 trajecta1552 crossing1632 trajection1637 pass1649 rack1659 crossing-place1763 river crossing1839 transit1852 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. (1682) x. 426 Giving back to Toledo, I crossed the crossing Siera de Morada. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1763 I. 247 Johnson: Sweeping the crossings in the streets. 1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right I. xxvi. 203 The fellow that sweeps the crossing. 7. Hunting. (See quot. 1611.) ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Salade,..the young head of a Deere (long, tender, woollie, and but beginning to braunch) tearmed by our Woodmen, the crossing. 8. A thwarting, opposing, or contravening. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] contrariositya1340 adversitya1382 champertyc1386 contrariousness1398 thwartingc1430 contrariancec1450 contrariness?1530 withsitting1532 oppugning1535 opposition1548 oppugnation1563 thwartness1577 adverseness1580 crossing1580 breasting1594 antipathy1601 oppugnancy1609 affrontment1611 opposure1611 thortera1614 contrariancya1617 obstancy1616 oppositeness1619 contropposition1621 obstrigillation1623 opposing1624 hostility1632 opposal1638 crossness1641 affront1642 aversion1651 oppugnance1657 shock1664 opponency1727 counteraction1750 antagonism1797 throwing1816 oppositiveness1824 kick1839 variance1842 opposedness1853 againstness1909 hornet1921 adversariness1970 oppositionality1989 the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > [noun] withsaying?c1225 withsawa1250 gain-sawa1300 withsayc1315 again-sayingc1350 contradictionc1382 again-sawa1400 contraryinga1450 against-sayingc1450 againsay1484 saying-againa1500 controversion1548 countersaying1581 gain-speaking1583 contradict1606 obloquity1624 counter-speech1647 contrariation1651 crossing1692 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 80v The iarres & crossings of friendes. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 34 Coosen [printed Coofen] of many men I do not beare these crossings . View more context for this quotation 1671 A. Woodhead in tr. Life St. Teresa Pref. 20 Macerations of the Body, and crossings of the Will. 1692 J. Ray Dissol. World (1732) ii. ii. 83 It is a Crossing of Proverbs making Rivers to ascend to their Fountains. 9. The raising of animals or plants from individuals of different races; cross-breeding. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > cross-breeding or hybridism nick1824 crossing1851 hybridization1851 hybridism1854 intercrossing1859 hybridation1879 outcrossing1890 paragenesis1890 outbreeding1901 back-crossing1904 vicinism1905 monohybridism1907 cross-breeding1932 1851 Beck's Florist 170 We commenced a series of ‘crossings’, with the view of remedying the..earliness of blooming and susceptibility to frost. 1879 tr. A. de Quatrefages de Bréau Human Species 63 This crossing..is differently named according to whether it takes place between different races or different species. 10. Cheating, dishonest practice: see cross n. 29. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > action or practice of deceiving swikingc1000 blindfolding?c1225 deceivancec1330 trechettingc1330 jugglingc1380 beguilingc1400 deceivingc1400 fagec1400 delusionc1420 sophisticationc1450 circumvention1534 illudinga1547 cheateryc1555 cheatingc1555 crossing1592 tricking1595 wiling?a1600 circumventing1603 practice1622 cheat1641 deluding1645 underdealing1649 amusement1658 conveyancing1676 bubbling1700 jockeyshipa1763 overreachinga1774 jockeying1779 beguilement1805 gaggery1819 trickstering1821 Jewing1842 wool-pulling1843 rigging1846 hoodwinking1858 old soldierism1866 old soldiering1867 fiddling1884 gold-bricking1901 wangling1911 finagling1926 hyping1968 1592 ‘C. Cony-Catcher’ Def. Conny-catching sig. B4 Is our crossing at cardes more perillous to the common-welth then this cossenage for land? Compounds C1. General attributive. crossing-keeper n. ΚΠ 1921 D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia iv. 128 At a level crossing the woman crossing-keeper darted out vigorously with her red flag. crossing-place n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > place where something may be crossed ferry1286 passage?a1400 trajecta1552 crossing1632 trajection1637 pass1649 rack1659 crossing-place1763 river crossing1839 transit1852 1763 G. Washington Diaries I. 193 A common causay through at the crossing place would most certainly lay all that Arm dry. 1786 Mrs. Johnson Francis II. 43 Employed in procuring a clean crossing-place at the head of the Haymarket. 1832 R. Cox Adv. Columbia River xxiv. 249 The river at the crossing-place was between three and four hundred yards wide. 1847 C. Lanman Summer in Wilderness xiv. 86 There was a crossing place on the Mississippi, where a good marksman might take one almost any time. 1866 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. IX. xiii. 219 His forces..guarded the crossing-places from the falls at Trenton to below Bristol. C2. crossing-gate n. a gate at a level crossing which is closed to road traffic when a train is due. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > gate stop-gate1790 crossing-gate1929 1929 Star 21 Aug. 7/2 The railway crosses the road in several places without crossing-gates. crossing-over n. Biology the formation of a genotype exhibiting characters derived from both parents when the characters are known to be linked; hence also, the interchange of segments between chromatids of homologous pairs of chromosomes which causes this breakdown of linkage. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > changes or actions of genes or chromosomes > cross-over recombination1903 chiasma1911 crossing-over1912 crossover1912 interference1916 1912 T. H. Morgan & E. Cattell in Jrnl. Exper. Zoöl. 13 79 In certain combinations, the relation between linkage and breaking of the linkage (‘crossing-over’ as we shall call it) is shown at once. 1912 T. H. Morgan & E. Cattell in Jrnl. Exper. Zoöl. 13 91 There were seven cases of crossing-over in color, all males, in a total of 872 males. 1937 C. D. Darlington Rec. Adv. in Cytol. (ed. 2) vii. 291 In ‘asynaptic’ maize which has as a rule no pairing of chromosomes at meiosis, the progeny nevertheless show the results of normal crossing-over. 1949 C. D. Darlington & K. Mather Elements of Genetics v. 110 A so-called asynaptic gene often..produces a general reduction in the crossing-over of all the chromosome pairs when homozygous. crossing-sweeper n. a person who sweeps a (street-) crossing. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning streets > [noun] > one who mucker1229 raker1327 canel raker?1518 masser-scourer?1518 scavenger1530 sweep-street1553 channel raker1575 broom-man1592 broom-boy1593 gutter-master1607 rake-kennel1707 fulyie man1826 road sweeper1832 crossing-sweeper1841 street orderly1848 orderly1851 scavager1851 scaffy1853 broomer1857 sweep1858 roader1883 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xix. 194 Making himself as cheap as crossing-sweepers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). crossingadj. That crosses, in various senses: see the verb. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adjective] > across crossing1874 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1292/1 By meane of some crossing causes in the citie. 1627 W. Sclater Briefe Expos. 2 Thess. (1629) 185 Onely consider how crossing to the whole Counsell of God..that proud dreame is. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xx. 479 The crossing Belts unite behind. 1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. iii. 52 Whenever a green light is opposed to a red light..the ships carrying the lights are crossing ships. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). > as lemmascrossing crossing n. (in sense 5c). ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > [noun] > crossed lines cross-talk1887 crossing1936 1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas vii. 78 An unforeseen crossing of the wires in the fourth dimension. 1958 Listener 11 Dec. 976/1 This crossing of the political wires had many repercussions in politics. < n.1530adj.1587 as lemmas |
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