crystallizecrystalizev.

Brit.

/ˈkrɪstəlʌɪz/,

/ˈkrɪstl̩ʌɪz/, U.S.

/ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪz/

Forms: 1600s–1700s christalize, 1600s– christallize (now nonstandard), 1600s– chrystallize (now nonstandard), 1600s– cristallize, 1600s– crystallise, 1600s– crystallize, 1700s christallise, 1700s 1900s– cristalize, 1700s– cristalise, 1700s– crystalise, 1700s– crystalize, 1800s chrystallise, 1800s– chrystalise (nonstandard), 1800s– chrystalize (nonstandard).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: crystal n., -ize suffix.

Etymology: < crystal n. + -ize suffix. Compare Hellenistic Greek κρυσταλλίζειν to be clear as crystal (New Testament: Revelation 21:11), post-classical Latin crystallizare to shine like crystal (a1457), French cristalliser (1620). Compare crystallizer n.

1. transitive. To turn into crystal; to cause to resemble crystal. Frequently figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > make into crystal or glass

crystallize1600

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > freeze > convert to ice

crystallize1600

1600 E. Bolton in Englands Helicon sig. C4^v No Ice dooth christallize the running Brooke.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 363 When the Winters keener breath began To christallize the Baltike Ocean, To glaze the Lakes.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §50 Some of our Chymicks facetiously affirm, that at the last fire all shall be crystallized and reverberated into glasse.

1798 S. Rogers Epist. to Friend 19 Wild Winter ministers his dread controul, To cool, and crystallize the nectar'd bowl!

1874 E. P. Roe Opening Chestnut Burr vii. 90 If penitent tears could be crystallized they would be the only gems of earth that angels would covet.

1881 T. Hardy Laodicean I. ii. iii. 288 Crystallised with terror he said..‘Oh, good Lord, Dare, Dare, I have done nothing!’

1918 A. M. Williamson Everyman's Land xxxii. 355 The darling crystallizes to radiant beauty all souls of those she loves, as objects are crystallized by frost.

a. intransitive. Of a substance: to form crystals, to become crystalline; to separate in the form of crystals from a solution (frequently with out). Also: (of a liquid or solution) to produce crystals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystallization > [verb (intransitive)]

crystallize1646

roche1673

candify1777

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. i. 50 Aqua fortis..exhaled and placed in cold conservatories, will crystallise and shoot into white and glacious bodyes.

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 4 Salts will not chrystallize, till the Water in which they are dissolv'd is near or quite cold.

1789 J. Banks Let. July in Last Voy. Guardian (1990) 12 When this dew has wetted the leaves of a plant, the salt it contains crystallizes upon them as they dry.

1853 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 13 377 The dextro-tartrate crystallizes out.

1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 7 Each substance will crystallise in its characteristic form.

1905 J. Geikie Struct. & Field Geol. iii. 37 Those rock-constituents which crystallised out from the magma are termed primary or original.

1924 J. B. Cohen Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 169 Filter through a large fluted filter or Buchner funnel..and set the solution aside to crystallise.

1963 K. Vonnegut Cat's Cradle (1965) 32 There are several ways..in which certain liquids can crystallize—freeze—several ways in which their atoms can stack and lock in an orderly, rigid way.

2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xi. 263 It evaporates to become as saturated with salt as water can be, until the salt begins to crystallize out.

b. transitive. To cause (a substance) to form crystals, to make crystalline (also intransitive). Also: to separate (a substance) in the form of crystals from a solution (also with out).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystallization > [verb (transitive)]

candy1605

coagulate1605

crystallize1651

1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces ii. 127 You may joyn Tartar and vitriol by boyling them together in common water, and crystallizing; and then cast it in, and distill it.

1658 G. Starkey Pyrotechny 137 So Sugar is crystallized, and reiterately refined.

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 82 As Alum, Peter, &c. are crystallized out of a cooling liquor, in which, by boyling they have been dissolv'd.

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 581/1 Dissolve again in fair Water and Crystallize or Vitriolize as before.

1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 60 Frost or Ice arises from the Nitre of the Air crystallizing the spheres of Water.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 69 All salts that are capable of being crystallised are distinguishable by the figures of their crystals.

1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) ii. 47 Limestone crystallised by the heat of superincumbent lava.

1921 C. Apell Up-to-date Candy Teacher 194 Then take out of starch and spread out on a table to dry, then crystallize in 33½ degree crystal syrup.

1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xxii. 185 The sodium carbonate produced in this way is..dissolved in water and crystallized from cold solution as washing-soda.

2004 B. Bunch & A. Hellemans Hist. Sci. & Technol. 500/1 1926..Sumner..crystallizes urease, the first enzyme to be crystallized, and establishes that it is a protein.

3. figurative.

a. transitive. To cause to become concrete or fixed; to make clear and defined.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] > put into definite form > an immaterial thing

crystallize1649

jell1948

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > make specific [verb (transitive)] > give a definite form to

crystallize1649

1649 G. Wither Vaticinium Votivum 47 From the melting Marble of their Eies Is Crystalliz'd this Epitaph.

1663 A. Cowley Muse in Pindaric Odes iv This shining Piece of Ice Which melts so soon away..Thy Verse does solidate and Crystallize.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §41. 157 Crystalising into permanent shapes the floating clouds of metaphor.

1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iv. Comm. 485 The forms of Action..as crystallized in the law or in the edict.

1913 E. C. Bentley Trent's Last Case vii. 148 If only it could be crystallized into some handy formula, like ‘No Popery’, or ‘Tax the Foreigner’.

1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. xxxvi. 668 Ehrlich was the first to crystallise the idea that it might be possible to find chemicals which..would be capable of ‘sterilising’ the body and yet would not kill the animal.

1991 Arena Summer 96/1 Coltrane tells me he enjoys interviews, because they force him to think and crystallize opinions on the spot.

b. intransitive. To assume a definite or concrete form; to become clear and defined. Also with out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > have (specific) shape [verb (intransitive)] > assume definite shape

to be shota1450

inform1588

crystallize1796

shape1865

jell1908

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > become specific [verb (intransitive)] > assume a definite form

crystallize1796

1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. V. 60 Churches, play-houses, coffee-houses, all alike are destined..to crystallize into true, democratick, explosive, insurrectionary nitre.

1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. 28 To make them crystallize into a semblance of growth.

1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 95 A Protestant party which crystallized around the nucleus of antisacerdotalists.

1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xxxvi. 125 This vague impression crystallised into a conviction.

1910 C. C. Eliot Let. 3 Apr. in T. S. Eliot Lett. (1988) I. 13 Your ideas would crystallise and you would know better the best direction for your literary activity.

1931 Ann. Reg. 1930 55 The general point of view which is gradually crystallising out.

1957 N. Frye Anat. Crit. 41 The figure of a typical or random victim begins to crystallize in domestic tragedy as it deepens in ironic tone.

1992 R. Wright Stolen Continents (1993) ix. 212 This new commitment to Cherokee land and unity had crystallized during the first removal crisis in 1808.

4. Finance (chiefly British, Canadian, and Australian).

a. transitive. To convert (a debenture-holder's floating charge) into a fixed charge. Also intransitive: (of a floating charge) to undergo conversion into a fixed charge. Cf. floating adj. Additions.

ΚΠ

1895 E. Manson Rep. Cases in Bankruptcy II. 436 The B bonds have priority, because when they were issued the debenture-holders had not taken steps to crystallize their security.

1904 A. F. Topham Princ. Company Law xiii. 138 When the debenture-holders take steps to enforce their security..the floating charge is said to crystallize.

1941 Univ. Toronto Law Jrnl. 4 143 The debenture holders crystallized their charge and the court of appeal..gave them priority.

1986 Times (Nexis) 9 Aug. The debenture holder was entitled by notice to crystallize the charge at any time before a resolution for voluntary winding-up and to be entitled to payment in priority to the preferential creditors.

2008 Business & Finance (Nexis) 10 June While a floating charge will crystallise into a fixed charge upon winding up, it will rank in priority behind prior fixed charges and preferential creditors.

b. transitive. To realize (a capital gain or loss) for accounting or tax purposes, by selling or depreciating an asset or shares.

ΚΠ

1975 Rep. Proc. 26th Tax Conf. 1974 (Canad. Tax Found.) 49 1971 capital surplus potentially available in respect of assets in the predecessor corporations was never crystallized on the amalgamation.

1994 What Investm. Jan. 10/3 Should an asset be owned, the value of which has become negligible, a claim can be made to crystallise this capital loss without actually disposing of the asset.

2000 Investor Nov. 74/3 (heading) Bed and Breakfasting..was selling shares and reacquiring them shortly afterwards..to crystallise a capital loss to offset against other gains in the year.

2010 Sunday Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 3 Jan. 18 Funds would have to crystallise gains and losses for accounting purposes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	crystallize
释义	crystallizecrystalizev. Brit. /ˈkrɪstəlʌɪz/, /ˈkrɪstl̩ʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪz/ Forms: 1600s–1700s christalize, 1600s– christallize (now nonstandard), 1600s– chrystallize (now nonstandard), 1600s– cristallize, 1600s– crystallise, 1600s– crystallize, 1700s christallise, 1700s 1900s– cristalize, 1700s– cristalise, 1700s– crystalise, 1700s– crystalize, 1800s chrystallise, 1800s– chrystalise (nonstandard), 1800s– chrystalize (nonstandard). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: crystal n., -ize suffix. Etymology: < crystal n. + -ize suffix. Compare Hellenistic Greek κρυσταλλίζειν to be clear as crystal (New Testament: Revelation 21:11), post-classical Latin crystallizare to shine like crystal (a1457), French cristalliser (1620). Compare crystallizer n. 1. transitive. To turn into crystal; to cause to resemble crystal. Frequently figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > make into crystal or glass crystallize1600 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > freeze > convert to ice crystallize1600 1600 E. Bolton in Englands Helicon sig. C4^v No Ice dooth christallize the running Brooke. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 363 When the Winters keener breath began To christallize the Baltike Ocean, To glaze the Lakes. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §50 Some of our Chymicks facetiously affirm, that at the last fire all shall be crystallized and reverberated into glasse. View more context for this quotation 1798 S. Rogers Epist. to Friend 19 Wild Winter ministers his dread controul, To cool, and crystallize the nectar'd bowl! 1874 E. P. Roe Opening Chestnut Burr vii. 90 If penitent tears could be crystallized they would be the only gems of earth that angels would covet. 1881 T. Hardy Laodicean I. ii. iii. 288 Crystallised with terror he said..‘Oh, good Lord, Dare, Dare, I have done nothing!’ 1918 A. M. Williamson Everyman's Land xxxii. 355 The darling crystallizes to radiant beauty all souls of those she loves, as objects are crystallized by frost. 2. a. intransitive. Of a substance: to form crystals, to become crystalline; to separate in the form of crystals from a solution (frequently with out). Also: (of a liquid or solution) to produce crystals. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystallization > [verb (intransitive)] crystallize1646 roche1673 candify1777 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. i. 50 Aqua fortis..exhaled and placed in cold conservatories, will crystallise and shoot into white and glacious bodyes. View more context for this quotation 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 4 Salts will not chrystallize, till the Water in which they are dissolv'd is near or quite cold. 1789 J. Banks Let. July in Last Voy. Guardian (1990) 12 When this dew has wetted the leaves of a plant, the salt it contains crystallizes upon them as they dry. 1853 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 13 377 The dextro-tartrate crystallizes out. 1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 7 Each substance will crystallise in its characteristic form. 1905 J. Geikie Struct. & Field Geol. iii. 37 Those rock-constituents which crystallised out from the magma are termed primary or original. 1924 J. B. Cohen Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 169 Filter through a large fluted filter or Buchner funnel..and set the solution aside to crystallise. 1963 K. Vonnegut Cat's Cradle (1965) 32 There are several ways..in which certain liquids can crystallize—freeze—several ways in which their atoms can stack and lock in an orderly, rigid way. 2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xi. 263 It evaporates to become as saturated with salt as water can be, until the salt begins to crystallize out. b. transitive. To cause (a substance) to form crystals, to make crystalline (also intransitive). Also: to separate (a substance) in the form of crystals from a solution (also with out). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystallization > [verb (transitive)] candy1605 coagulate1605 crystallize1651 1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces ii. 127 You may joyn Tartar and vitriol by boyling them together in common water, and crystallizing; and then cast it in, and distill it. 1658 G. Starkey Pyrotechny 137 So Sugar is crystallized, and reiterately refined. 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 82 As Alum, Peter, &c. are crystallized out of a cooling liquor, in which, by boyling they have been dissolv'd. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 581/1 Dissolve again in fair Water and Crystallize or Vitriolize as before. 1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 60 Frost or Ice arises from the Nitre of the Air crystallizing the spheres of Water. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 69 All salts that are capable of being crystallised are distinguishable by the figures of their crystals. 1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) ii. 47 Limestone crystallised by the heat of superincumbent lava. 1921 C. Apell Up-to-date Candy Teacher 194 Then take out of starch and spread out on a table to dry, then crystallize in 33½ degree crystal syrup. 1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xxii. 185 The sodium carbonate produced in this way is..dissolved in water and crystallized from cold solution as washing-soda. 2004 B. Bunch & A. Hellemans Hist. Sci. & Technol. 500/1 1926..Sumner..crystallizes urease, the first enzyme to be crystallized, and establishes that it is a protein. 3. figurative. a. transitive. To cause to become concrete or fixed; to make clear and defined. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] > put into definite form > an immaterial thing crystallize1649 jell1948 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > make specific [verb (transitive)] > give a definite form to crystallize1649 1649 G. Wither Vaticinium Votivum 47 From the melting Marble of their Eies Is Crystalliz'd this Epitaph. 1663 A. Cowley Muse in Pindaric Odes iv This shining Piece of Ice Which melts so soon away..Thy Verse does solidate and Crystallize. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §41. 157 Crystalising into permanent shapes the floating clouds of metaphor. 1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iv. Comm. 485 The forms of Action..as crystallized in the law or in the edict. 1913 E. C. Bentley Trent's Last Case vii. 148 If only it could be crystallized into some handy formula, like ‘No Popery’, or ‘Tax the Foreigner’. 1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. xxxvi. 668 Ehrlich was the first to crystallise the idea that it might be possible to find chemicals which..would be capable of ‘sterilising’ the body and yet would not kill the animal. 1991 Arena Summer 96/1 Coltrane tells me he enjoys interviews, because they force him to think and crystallize opinions on the spot. b. intransitive. To assume a definite or concrete form; to become clear and defined. Also with out. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > have (specific) shape [verb (intransitive)] > assume definite shape to be shota1450 inform1588 crystallize1796 shape1865 jell1908 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > become specific [verb (intransitive)] > assume a definite form crystallize1796 1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. V. 60 Churches, play-houses, coffee-houses, all alike are destined..to crystallize into true, democratick, explosive, insurrectionary nitre. 1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. 28 To make them crystallize into a semblance of growth. 1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 95 A Protestant party which crystallized around the nucleus of antisacerdotalists. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. xxxvi. 125 This vague impression crystallised into a conviction. 1910 C. C. Eliot Let. 3 Apr. in T. S. Eliot Lett. (1988) I. 13 Your ideas would crystallise and you would know better the best direction for your literary activity. 1931 Ann. Reg. 1930 55 The general point of view which is gradually crystallising out. 1957 N. Frye Anat. Crit. 41 The figure of a typical or random victim begins to crystallize in domestic tragedy as it deepens in ironic tone. 1992 R. Wright Stolen Continents (1993) ix. 212 This new commitment to Cherokee land and unity had crystallized during the first removal crisis in 1808. 4. Finance (chiefly British, Canadian, and Australian). a. transitive. To convert (a debenture-holder's floating charge) into a fixed charge. Also intransitive: (of a floating charge) to undergo conversion into a fixed charge. Cf. floating adj. Additions. ΚΠ 1895 E. Manson Rep. Cases in Bankruptcy II. 436 The B bonds have priority, because when they were issued the debenture-holders had not taken steps to crystallize their security. 1904 A. F. Topham Princ. Company Law xiii. 138 When the debenture-holders take steps to enforce their security..the floating charge is said to crystallize. 1941 Univ. Toronto Law Jrnl. 4 143 The debenture holders crystallized their charge and the court of appeal..gave them priority. 1986 Times (Nexis) 9 Aug. The debenture holder was entitled by notice to crystallize the charge at any time before a resolution for voluntary winding-up and to be entitled to payment in priority to the preferential creditors. 2008 Business & Finance (Nexis) 10 June While a floating charge will crystallise into a fixed charge upon winding up, it will rank in priority behind prior fixed charges and preferential creditors. b. transitive. To realize (a capital gain or loss) for accounting or tax purposes, by selling or depreciating an asset or shares. ΚΠ 1975 Rep. Proc. 26th Tax Conf. 1974 (Canad. Tax Found.) 49 1971 capital surplus potentially available in respect of assets in the predecessor corporations was never crystallized on the amalgamation. 1994 What Investm. Jan. 10/3 Should an asset be owned, the value of which has become negligible, a claim can be made to crystallise this capital loss without actually disposing of the asset. 2000 Investor Nov. 74/3 (heading) Bed and Breakfasting..was selling shares and reacquiring them shortly afterwards..to crystallise a capital loss to offset against other gains in the year. 2010 Sunday Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 3 Jan. 18 Funds would have to crystallise gains and losses for accounting purposes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1600
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