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crownn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin corōna; French coroune, couronne. Etymology: Originally (i) < classical Latin corōna (see below); subsequently reinforced by (ii) Anglo-Norman coroune, corowne, corune, curune, croune, crowne, coron, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French corone, coronne, Middle French, French couronne circular ornamental headdress, crown (especially that of a monarch), tonsure (both c1100), kingdom, realm (second half of the 12th cent.), representation of a crown as an armorial bearing (1254 or earlier), royal jurisdiction (1259 or earlier, apparently only with reference to England and later Great Britain), top of the head (mid 13th cent. or earlier), luminous halo surrounding a celestial object (c1270), name of a constellation (c1270 in corone de Adriane : see note), royal lineage (1308 with reference to the kings of England, or earlier), kind of coin (c1340: see note), head ornament of the Virgin Mary (1368), crown of thorns (c1369; compare couronne d'espines : see crown of thorns n.), upper part (of a structure) (1374), part of a deer's antler (a1389), summit (of a mountain) (a1444), crest of a bird (1482), upper part of the tooth (1728) < classical Latin corōna wreath (frequently as an award for victory or worn for ornament), name of a constellation, luminous halo surrounding a celestial object, upper part of an animal's hoof, coronet, top of an entablature, cornice, top of a wall, circle of bystanders or spectators, ring of soldiers, in post-classical Latin also consummation, completion, glory, honour, eternal salvation, (Vulgate), tonsure, chandelier (both 6th cent.), crown of the head (from 13th cent. in British sources), monarchy, monarchical power (frequently from 12th cent. in British and continental sources), name of various coins (from 14th cent. in British sources: see note): for further etymology see corona n.1 The Latin word was subsequently reborrowed into English as corona n.1 Compare Old Occitan corona, Catalan corona (14th cent.) Spanish corona (12th cent.), Portuguese coroa (13th cent.), Italian corona (early 13th cent.); also Old Frisian krōne, Old Dutch corōna (Middle Dutch crōne, Dutch kroon; also (apparently < an unattested variant of the Latin word) Middle Dutch crune, Dutch kruin top of the head, tonsure), Middle Low German krōne, krūne, Old High German korōna, krōna (Middle High German krōne, German Krone), Old Icelandic kóróna, and ( < Middle Low German) Old Icelandic krúna, Old Swedish krona, kruna (Swedish krona), Old Danish kronæ (Danish krone), and further Early Irish corann, coróin (Irish coróin), Welsh corun (13th cent.; also coron (13th cent., < Middle English)), Czech koruna (Old Czech also korona), Polish korona (Old Polish also koruna), Russian korona (1389 as koruna in Old Russian), Hungarian korona (13th cent.).Form history. In Old English both as a weak masculine and a weak feminine; the uninflected form corōna is also sometimes attested in oblique cases (compare quots. OE, lOE1 at sense 1a). The β. forms show syncope of the first syllable; such forms are already attested in early Middle English in the late 12th cent. (compare e.g. quot. c1175 at sense 1a), and are paralleled also in Anglo-Norman. Specific senses. With use in the names of constellations (sense 11) compare Old French corone de Adriane (c1270); compare also Northern Crown n. and Southern Crown n. and the foreign-language forms cited at those entries. With use with reference to a horse's coronet (sense 22) compare Middle French coronele (c1393) and also later couronne (1600). In use with reference to French coins (sense 32a) after Middle French, French couronne (more fully denier à la couronne ), a name given to a gold coin bearing on the obverse a large crown, issued by Philip of Valois in 1339, and later also to the écu à la couronne of Charles VI, issued in and after 1384. Compare crown of the sun n. at Phrases 1. Compare post-classical Latin corona (from 1339 in continental sources, from c1420 in British sources), corona auri crown of gold (1341 in a British source), corona Francana , corona Gallica , both in sense ‘French crown’ (c1532, 1595 respectively in British sources). Compare also post-classical Latin coronatus kind of gold coin, lit. ‘having a crown, crowned’ (second half of the 13th cent., earliest in sources from Provence). Words meaning ‘crown’ were subsequently used in German and other European languages to denote first the French coins, and then also other currencies (compare sense 32b and crown of the rose n. at Phrases 2). Compare krone n.1, krona n.1, korona n., and koruna n. I. An ornament for the head, and immediately derived senses. 1. society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > crown OE (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1066 He sealde him [sc. the archbishop] on hand mid Christes bec & eac swor, ær þan þe he wolde þa corona him on heafode settan, þæt he wolde þisne þeodscype swa wel haldan swa ænig kyngc ætforan him betst dyde. lOE (Laud) anno 1085 Her se cyng bær his corona & heold his hired on Winceastre. lOE (Laud) anno 1111 On þison geare ne bær se kyng Henri his coronan to Cristesmæssan. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 8180 Onn hiss hæfedd wærenn twa Gildene cruness sette. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 12260 Þæ biscop..dude enne lasse crune on þas kinges hafde and seoððen he gon do a þere quene al swo. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 2638 His corune on his heued he dede. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 7722 Þre siþe he ber croune aȝer. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. l. 262 (MED) Here cometh with croune [C text coroune] þat kynge is of glorie. c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 148 A quene..a whit corone sche ber. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) l. 193 With corone & with conyschantis as it a kynge were. 1535 Esther ii. D He set the quenes croune vpon hir heade. 1600 W. Shakespeare (2nd issue) iii. i. 31 Vneasie lies the head that weares a crowne . View more context for this quotation 1611 Rev. xiv. 14 Vpon the cloude one sate like vnto the sonne of man, hauing on his head a golden crowne . View more context for this quotation 1668 W. Prynne Ep. Ded. sig. A2v If these Collections..shall prove Instrumental to yield any Assistance towards the recovery of, and re-adorning Your Royal Crown..it will be a sufficient Recompence. 1719 M. Shelton (1720) I. 406 The ordinary Use of the Royal Crown or Diadem..were as antient in the Empire as Constantine. 1788 H. Walpole (1924) iii. 27 Some devoting themselves to the wearer of the crown, and others to the expectant. 1818 Dec. 561/1 Near the head of the coffin, on the top, was placed a crown on a cushion. 1882 B. Waugh ix. 74 Let us see Jesus wearing His Father's crown and sitting in a kingdom of love. 1902 11 Aug. 10/1 The moment the crown was on the head of the Queen the peeresses all coroneted themselves. 1951 E. Barker (ed. 2) i. 20 When he went into what is called the secular treasury, he found..a gold and jewelled crown. 2009 (Nexis) 12 Oct. 25 The king had commissioned a goldsmith to manufacture a pure gold crown for him. the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] > crown of thorns OE (Northumbrian) xix. 2 Milites plectentes coronam de spinis inposuerunt capiti eius : ða ðegnas gewundun uel uuunden of ðornum ða corona uel þæt sigbeg of ðornum gesetton hæfde his. OE (Mercian) Rubrics & Direct. for Use of Prayers (Royal 2 A.xx) in (1889) 33 65 Be þæm þyrnenan corenbege ofer Cristes hæfde on rode. OE (1992) i. 30 Hæfde he þa þyrnenne coronan on his heafde. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 121 (MED) Mid þornene crune his heaued wes icruned. a1300 Passion our Lord l. 383 in R. Morris (1872) 48 Of one wrase of þornes he wryþen hym one crune. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 7 Þat coroun was made of braunches of albespyne. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) iii. 460 Ye naylis and ye sper And ye croune yat Ihesu couth ber. 1599 S. Harsnett iv. i. 220 The thornes of the Crowne that Christ was crowned with. a1678 A. Woodhead (1685) ii. 265 Took the reed out of his hand, and laid him over the head with it, and so nailed his Crowncloser to his Temples. 1749 J. Martyn in tr. Virgil v. 155 (note) The Rhamnus folio subrotundo, fructu compresso C. B...is supposed to be the thorn, of which the crown was made, that was put upon our Saviour's head. 1847 H. Plumptre ii. 35 What is that crown made of which the soldiers have put upon Christ's head? 1885 Ld. Tennyson 108 Thorns of the crown and shivers of the cross. 1999 D. Sobel (2000) xiii. 156 Florentine monasteries also guarded an abundance of holy relics, including fifty-one authentic thorns from the crown of Jesus. 2. A wreath or circular ornament for the head symbolizing victory. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > award for merit > wreath or fillet the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery worn on the head > [noun] > coronet or circlet OE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 162) in K. G. Schaefer (Ph.D. diss., Columbia Univ.) (1972) 252 On þone drihtenlican dæg he geseah micel gesihþe on heofonum: & þa fæmnan Sancta Marian, seo wæs beorhtre þonne sunne, & on hire heafde heo hæfde þone coronan þæra twelf steorrena. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 39 (MED) Drihten bi-hat þon wakiende ane crune þet scal beon seofesiðe brihtre þene þa sunne. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 125 Þeos þreo maner Men habbeð inheouene wið ouerfulle Mede. crune up on crune. 1340 (1866) 234 Alneway habbeþ þe maydines ane speciale coroune aboue þe coroune of blisse, þet is þe coroune to alle þe halȝen. c1384 (Royal) (1850) Apoc. ii. 10 Be thou feithful vnto the deeth, and I shal ȝiue to thee a coroun of lijf [L. coronam vitae]. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. iv. 8 In the tothir tyme a crowne of riȝtwysnesse [L. iustitiae corona] is kept to me. a1450 (Faust.) (1883) l. 2021 Þe corone of mayden-hode þou shalt were And dwelle in heuene with þy spouse. 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. bii Whiche is onely reserued for the finall crowne and rewarde of all our labours. a1656 Bp. J. Hall (1659) iii. xii. 220 A crown..immarcescibly eternall, a crown of righteousnesse. a1729 E. Taylor (1962) 1 Deacon Stephen martyred first by them Who mightily assisted by Christ['s] Spirit Did them Confound hence must as Heir inherit This Crown of Glory first. a1792 J. Reynolds Journey Flanders & Holland in (1797) II. 37 Behind St. Anne is a head of St. Joachim; two angels in the air with a crown. 1847 J. Yeowell Pref. p. xi Some..received the crown of martyrdom during the Diocletian persecution. 1886 J. A. Symonds I. iv. 252 Ignatius sought by austerity to snatch that crown of sainthood which he felt to be his due. 1937 C. Woodforde in A. G. Little iii. 26 The saint wears a blue robe... Upon her head is a jewelled crown. 1971 H. Macmillan xi. 372 If they did not actually welcome martyrdom, they did nothing to avoid it and seemed rather to seek and enjoy the crown. 2011 E. Okwata ii. 11 There is a crown in heaven for every soul that you help to get saved. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] 1340 (1866) 168 (MED) Perseuerance..heþ þe uictorie and þe coroune. a1450 (a1400) (BL Add.) (1921) l. 556 (MED) It was sumtyme þe manere To ȝyuon corones of lorere To him þat bar him best in fyght. 1547 W. Baldwin iii. sig. R.iv He, which in a game place, runneth swyftest, and continueth styll his pace, obtayneth the crowne for his labour. 1651 T. Manton (iv. 6) 459 In the Olympick games the Wrestler did never put on his own crown and garland. 1719 Visct. Bolingbroke Let. 17 Mar. in (1766) II. 4 What hackney gladiator can you find, By whom the Olympic crown would be declin'd? 1763 J. Brown vi. 137 It became a common Practice for Sophists and Rhetoricians to contend in Prose, at the Olympic Games, for the Crown of Glory. 1824 10 245 The victor in the race was sinking exhausted, while the judge of the contest..was hastening towards him with a crown of palm in her hand. 1865 P. Smith I. xii. 329 The prizes were of no intrinsic value, a mere garland placed as a crown on the victor's head. 1904 7 May 17/1 A five-year-old mare which came unheralded out of the West to lower the world's record and carry off Cresceus's crown. 1933 M. Moore Let. 15 Feb. in (1997) 295 The whisker-weight crown contended for by Corporal Jubb, 92 years old; and George Washington Brown, 80 years old. 1972 H. A. Harris ix. 175 He had won once at Olympia,..and twice in the Pythian Games. In addition he had won sixty crowns at other meetings ‘at which a crown was the only prize’. 2008 T. Lisanti 213 Blossoming into a dark-haired beauty, she became her country's first woman to be named Miss Universe, winning the crown in 1964. society > authority > [noun] > royal or princely authority c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 8158 Acc himm he ȝaff þatt crune. To weldenn all hiss kine dom Affterr hiss lifess ende. a1225 (c1200) (1888) 15 Ðe man ðe is aȝeanes ðe kinge and wile his curune him benemen. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 10127 Aquitayne & normandie..ne come nammore To þe croune of engelond. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. l. 2417 What Emperour was entronized, The ferste day of his corone. c1450 (c1350) (Bodl.) (1929) 978 To emperour alixandre,..to þe kiddeste y-core þat corone weldus. a1475 J. Fortescue (Laud) (1885) 155 Þat he hath then enriched is crowne with..riches and possescions. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart II. cc. f. ccxlxiiiv/2 They sayde, they wolde nat disioyne nor disceuer them fro the crowne. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach i. f. 6 Saul from his Asses, and Dauid from his sheepe were called to the crowne. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 144 Against my Crowne, my oath, my dignity. View more context for this quotation 1659 O. Walker 27 Osiris King of Egypt thought it not below his crown to have commerce with Physicall rules. 1700 M. Prior 8 To rescu'd States, and vindicated Crowns, His Equal hand prescrib'd their ancient Bounds. 1796 J. Morse (new ed.) I. 114 John Cabot..obtained a..commission..to discover unknown lands and annex them to the crown. 1846 July 33/1 Pedro.., finding..that he must either yield to the people or abandon the crown, chose the latter alternative. 1871 E. A. Freeman (1876) IV. xvii. 68 A conqueror whose crown might at any moment be threatened by a Scandinavian rival. 1928 T. F. Tout IV. x. 44 The sheriffs who were considered unable to stand up against the crown. 1973 J. Brooke i. 19 The Crown suffered from the conflict between King and heir apparent. 1996 E. M. Bradley vii. 185/2 The young man renounces the crown and goes to Marseilles, where he organizes an army to begin the revolution. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > accessories worn in the hair > [noun] > band 1340 (1866) 15 (MED) He yzeȝ a best..and hit hedde..ten hornes, and ope þe ten hornes ten corounes. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xiv. ii. 691 She [sc. Cybele] bereth on hede a croune with toures. c1400 (?c1380) l. 237 (MED) A pyȝt coroune ȝet wer þat gyrle Of mariorys and non oþer ston. c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 221 This Aungel hadde of Roses and of lilie Corones two. a1425 (c1384) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xxiv. 23 Ȝe shulen haue corouns [L. coronas] in ȝour heedis, and..ȝe shulen not weile, ne wepe. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 30v A Crowne,..laurea. 1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna f. 65 Nymphes..about their heades wearing Garlandes and Crownes of Violets. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. i. 129 You Nimphs cald Nayades..With your sedg'd crownes . View more context for this quotation 1661 S. Morgan iii. v. 45 Those prizes and Crownes they had gained by their Valiancy in war. 1694 A. Tooke tr. F. Pomey i. x. 102 Juno..carried in a Chariot of Gold..; and glittering in a Crown, that is beset with Roses and Lilies. 1771 M. A. Porny (ed. 2) viii. 197 The Romans had ten different Crowns to reward Martial exploits. 1819 R. Mayo III. x. 162 Victory..was frequently represented with wings, flying through the aerial regions, holding a crown in her hand. 1849 C. Brontë II. xii. 281 If..a white angel, with a crown of stars, had come into the room, mother would nod stiffly. 1877 J. D. Chambers 295 Flowers, sometimes woven into garlands and crowns. 1928 D. Belasco & J. L. Long Adrea i. ii. in 257 She wears a crown of pale pink roses, dishevelled—torn—faded. 1952 Mar. 3 He wrapped a bedsheet around himself for a toga, added a crown of leaves to his noggin. 2003 R. Clark 125 The water jar on her [sc. Nut's] crown symbolizes the incubating womb that continually brings incarnations to the initiate. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xii. 4 A bisi womman a croune [L. corona] is to hir man. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xvi. 31 The croune [L. corona] of dignete elde, that in the weie of riȝtwisnesse shal be founde. a1450 (c1370) G. Chaucer (Tanner) (1871) l. 75 Ye be also the corown [e] of beaute. 1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin (new ed.) xviii. 606 It shall be no heauy burthen to mee, but rather it shall be a crowne to me, and an ornament to deck me withall. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. ii. 93 The crowne and comfort of my Life (your Fauor) I doe giue lost. View more context for this quotation 1662 E. Stillingfleet ii. vii. §5 Every place of holy Scripture may have its crown, but some may have their aureolæ, a greater excellency. 1767 J. Collyer tr. J. J. Bodmer I. iii. 129 The crown of all that's fair..is rectitude of soul. 1798 W. Taylor in J. W. Robberds (1843) I. 219 Engird their brows With glittering crowns of praise. 1829 R. Southey iii. 33 They were the pride, the joy, The crown of his old age. 1861 J. Tulloch iii. 390 It was the very singleness of his spiritual energy, that made his excellence and crown. 1903 H. Keller ii. 156 What I consider my crown of success is the happiness and pleasure that my victory has brought dear Teacher. 1948 G. Perl 44 A moment later we felt the heavy, blunt shears in our hair..There lay the crown of our female beauty. 2005 K. Lasky xxvii. 188 His good grace and conscience anointed him and his spirit was his crown. 6. Also with capital initial. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [noun] 1474 W. Caxton tr. (1883) ii. iv. 46 Goribert duc of Tauryn, whiche was discended of the crowne of lombardis [Fr. la couroune de Lombardie]. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin 985/2 Hee might haue ben thought to haue beene of the crowne, as the Kings daughters adopted sonne. a1600 ( Rec. Bluemantle Pursuivant (Julius) in C. L. Kingsford (1913) 383 My lord Chamberleyn wayted vpon the croune yat day. 1655 H. Price Let. 22 Apr. in E. Nicholas (1892) II. 261 Our expectation of the breach betweene the crowne of France and Cromwell..is fadinge. 1739 tr. C. Rollin (ed. 2) VIII. 17 During the interval of this truce, a treaty was negotiated between the two crowns. 1741 J. Swift Some Free Thoughts upon Present State Affairs 22 in He was treated contemptibly enough by the young Princes of France, even during the War; is now wholly neglected by that Crown. 1788 J. Priestley v. xlvi. 342 The commons..ventured to..give advice to the crown. 1827 H. Hallam II. xiv. 437 The assertion of passive obedience to the crown grew obnoxious to the crown itself. 1875 W. Stubbs II. xvii. §292 The ordaining power of the crown in council became distinguishable by very definite marks from the enacting power of the crown in parliament. 1921 L. Strachey v. 249 The memorandum was..a plain declaration that the Crown intended to act independently of the Prime Minister. 1976 A. Price (1979) i. i. 25 The Crown is entitled to the treasure but grants ‘full market value’ to the finder. 2007 S. Kjeldsen-Kragh iv. 107 Originally, the crown owned a large share of the land, and could introduce reforms on its own land. society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [noun] > one who accuses of crime > the prosecution 1725 13 May 7/1 To this the Counsel for the Crown reply'd to the following Effect. 1781 May 210/2 Here the evidence for the crown closed, and the prisoner was called upon for his defence. 1852 June 80/1 A..story of the prisoner's appeared all that could be relied upon in rebuttal of the evidence for the crown. 1896 14 May 8/1 Even if the presentee is reported not to be qualified, the Crown may nevertheless insist on his admission. 1953 340 Counsel for the Crown submitted that the evidence so far called raised a presumption of idiotism. 1989 R. Curtis & B. Elton Blackadder goes Forth in R. Curtis et al. (1998) 372/1 The case before us is that of the Crown versus Captain Edmund Blackadder, alias the Flanders Pigeon Murderer. 2004 H. Kennedy (2005) iii. 72 According to the Home Office, 2002,..the Crown has to discontinue 13% of cases passed to it. II. Something having the circular form of a crown or encircling wreath; something representing, or having the outline shape of, a crown. society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > tonsure > [noun] > instance of c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 6543 Þe hod hongede adun alse he hudde his crune. c1330 in T. Wright (1839) 329 (MED) Summe bereth croune of acolite for the crumponde crok. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 27251 Or cron þat es o clergi merc. c1400 (Rawl. B. 171) 63 This traitoure put oppon him an habite of religioun, and lete shaue him a brode croune. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 387 Whanne a persoon is mad first clerk and takith his firste corown for to be therbi oon of the clergie. a1500 (c1380) J. Wyclif (1880) 467 Crounne & cloþ maken no prest. 1541 T. Elyot (new ed.) 80 b Ashamyd of theyr crounes that reverend token of the order of preesthode. 1694 tr. E. Benoist I. i. 51 His Party spoke of nothing less than putting him into a Cloyster, and adding a Monk's Crown to that of France. 1737 R. Challoner vii. 88 The Priest's Tonsure or Crown is to represent the Crown of Thorns. 1869 W. S. Gilbert 153 The worthy priest, he up and drew his cowl upon his crown, And started off in haste to tell the news to Robber Brown. 1906 E. L. Taunton 620 In English-speaking countries,..the shaving of the head, the priestly crown, seems..to have passed out of use. 1938 E. S. Duckett ix. 427 In the Roman [Church] the hair was allowed to grow in a crown around the shorn circle of the top of the head. 2008 M. Acevedo 66 Photos showed a man with a monk's crown surrounding a bald pate smooth as a balloon. 8. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 3789 Corunes at ðe alter of bras. a1425 (a1382) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Exod. xxx. 3 Thou shalt make an auter... And thow shalt make to it a coroun [L. coronam] of gold bi enuyroun. 1580 J. Stow 37 He fixed on the top of hys Pallace a crown of gold beset with stemmes and foreparts of shippes. 1672 E. Ashmole 423 In the middle of the work was erected a great Pillar 52 foot high, on the top of which was placed a gilt Crown. 1757 R. Bentley & H. Walpole tr. P. Hentzner 80 A fountain that throws up water, covered with a gilt crown, on the top of which is a statue of Justice. 1834 Oct. 678 The upper end of the roll was ornamented with a crown, on the top of which was infixed a precious stone. 1906 15 9 On the steeple..was placed a vane, and above it the British crown. 1967 E. M. Robinson 235 Numerous floral pieces had been contributed. The church at Battle Creek presented a broken wheel; the Review and Herald Publishing Association, a broken column surmounted by a crown. 2011 J. DeMontravel i. 30 Ladies who have beds with canopies wear..robes with a fancy trim. Something as simple as a gauzy sheet secured with an elaborate crown is a simple way to achieve a romantic look. society > faith > artefacts > furniture > other furniture > [noun] > chandelier the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > support or holder for a candle > [noun] > candelabrum > circular 1443 Acct. in (1902) 8 50 (MED) Wytekandul that wente to the krowne. 1620 J. Taylor sig. B4 In the circuit of which crowne were placed 160 wax candles, the which on festiuall dayes..are lighted to lighten their darknesse. 1722 J. Stevens I. 25/1 A certain Crown or Circle of Gold, of Silver, or of Copper, which bore a great Number of Candlesticks, which Crown hung in the Middle of their Choir. 1845 Mar. 91 The choir is lighted by two crowns, each carrying six tapers. 1877 J. D. Chambers i. 5 There were also Crowns of gold or silver..from which depended three, five, or seven lamps fed with oil. 1921 19 54/2 The custom had grown up during previous centuries of suspending a cross over the high altar of churches and above it a crown in which candles were fixed. 2011 (Nexis) 5 Aug. Inside, a large crown will hang over the pulpit. 9. the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [noun] a1350 in G. L. Brook (1968) 32 Ase quibibe ant comyn cud is in crone. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1663 (MED) Þe dayse with hir riche croune. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens iii. xxxiii. 364 When they [sc. the flowers of Serapion's Turbith] are open they haue within a crowne of yellow, compassed about with small azured leaues, lyke to the flowers of Camomyll in figure. 1597 J. Gerard i. xcvi. 153 As the plant groweth old, so doth it waxe rich, bringing foorth a crowne of flowers amongst the vppermost greene leaues. 1615 tr. C. van de Passe iii. sig. Ev/1 The middle crowne [of the great French marygolde] is of a straw coloure or light yellow. 1793 6 No. 194 Luxuriant plants will sometimes produce a second and even a third whorl or crown of flowers. 1834 1 268 The lower branches projecting about a foot from the main stem, and gradually diminishing in length until they terminate at the summit of the plant in a crown of flowers. a1875 T. Baines (1964) II. 32 I found a beautiful flower, or rather a crown of crimson bell flowers. 1965 19 40/2 The heads are borne singly or in loose corymbs on long peduncles and often a good crown of flowers is produced. 2008 B. Damrosch (rev. ed.) xviii. 741/2 Most [cacti of the genus Mammillaria]..bear clusters of small, pretty flowers in a crown around the top. the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > parts of > remains of calyx or eye ?a1475 Noble Bk. Cookry in at Coroune Boille wardens or other peres, paire them and hole them at the crown. 1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig f. 6v The crounes vpon the poppy heades sodden in milke, make of the same a pappe, and thereof at night: the same maye be geuen a yonge childe, and it causeth to slepe fast and restlye. 1597 J. Gerard iii. xcii. 1265 The fruite [of the medlar] is small, round, and hath a broad compassed nauell or crowne at the top. 1608 tr. D. de Estella (new ed.) iii. xxxiii. 463 Of all fruites that growe, onely the Pomgranet hath a crowne on the toppe. 1633 T. Johnson (new ed.) App. 1592 This floure [sc. Passiflora] with vs is neuer succeeded by any fruit, but in the West Indies, whereas it naturally growes, it beares a fruit, when it is ripe of the bignesse and colour of Pomegranats, but it wants such a ring or crown about the top as they haue. 1652 N. Culpeper (new ed.) 80/1 After which cometh the Fruit [of the Medlar], of a brownish green colour, being ripe, bearing a Crown as it were on the top, which were the five green Leaves. 1746 (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) I. 133 On a dry day before noon I cut off the crown of the poppy heads so as to avoid penetrating into the cavity of the fruit, and collected the milk with a silver spoon into a China cup. 1787 R. W. Darwin 16 In scabiosa, knautia, &c. where the little calyx of the floret becomes the crown of the seed. 1823 IV. 318/1 The pappus or crown of the seed. 1870 J. D. Hooker 255 Hyoscyamus..Capsule..bursting transversely at the crown. 1923 (rev. ed.) 5 Dalmatian flowers.—Achenes 5-ribbed; possess small-toothed crown. 2007 N. K. Batmanglij 167/1 To seed a pomegranate, slice off the crown with a sharp knife. the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > petal > petals or corolla > corona 1597 J. Gerard i. 108 The first of the Daffodils is that with the purple crowne or circle. 1629 J. Parkinson 79 The cup or rather crowne in the middle, is small, and broad open, of a little deeper yellow, hauing many chiues within it. 1779 J. Miller I. 74 A triple crown surrounding the pistillum, divided into rays. 1798 C. Abbot x. 95 Catch-fly. Silene. Gen. Pl. 772. Cups bellying. Petals 5 with small claws, with a crown at the mouth. 1847 W. E. Steele 169 Perianth hypocrateriform..having a cup-shaped crown surrounding the top of the tube. 1870 J. D. Hooker 365 Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus..crown campanulate. 1921 P. C. Standley (Smithsonian Inst.) 394 Corolla with a fringed crown in the throat. 1999 W. H. Duncan & M. B. Duncan 67 The orange structures above the red corolla are hoods that together form the crown. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > pineapple the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > pineapple > parts of 1683 J. Poyntz 8 The Pine-Apple, I must confess is a Fruit of that Excellency, that I want Rhetorick and Oratory to express it. Some bears a Crown, and is the King of Fruits. 1698 tr. F. Froger 59 The Ananas grows like an Artichoak..It bears a Crown of the same leaves. 1728 R. Bradley at Ananas From the midst of which rises the Fruit, with a Crown of Leaves set upon the Top. 1769 A. Taylor 16 Both Crowns and Suckers are to be taken off from the Parent Plant, when the Fruit is ripe, and not sooner. 1847 17 July 36/3 In preparing to serve a pine~apple, at table, first remove the crown. 1899 23 Dec. 878/1 A pineapple crown thrown out in a sand field will take root if within several months accident throws a little earth against it. 1918 15 Feb. 31/1 Suckers, slips and crowns [of pineapples] are used for plants, and planters consider them of about equal value, except that crowns are a little slower in starting roots when the ground is dry. 1997 C. Robb x. 96 A neat row of feathery carrot crowns bobbed in the breeze. 2008 D. Peterson & M. Selsam iii. 71 Place the crown in a large glass or jar, fill with water to cover the base of the crown. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. iv. l. 113 (MED) Nouþer Grotes ne gold I-graue with þe kynges Coroune. 1431–4 in H. E. Salter (1933) 29 (MED) In nouo hospicio in eadem parochia vocata le Crone.] a1500 (?c1450) (1899) xiv. 205 He bar a smal ganfanon..the feelde of golde and crownes of ynde. a1529 J. Skelton (?1545) sig. Avv With crownes of golde enblased They make him so a mased. 1601 E. Aggas tr. A. Arnauld 5 The Queene..was lodged at the Crowne. 1688 R. Holme ii. vii. 139 If there be any other thing about any Creatures Neck (that is no collar) as a Garland, Crown.., &c. then they are said to be gorged with a Crown, or gorged with a Garland. 1701 tr. Mar. 92 His Royal Mantle of purple Velvet, lin'd with Ermin, and embroider'd with Crown's. 1823 G. Crabb Imperially crowned, an epithet for any charge, arms, crest, or supporters that are crowned with a regal crown. 1875 W. McIlwraith 55 Bearing two unicorns and a lion rampant and the Crown. 1885 E. B. Evans 118 [1d. stamp] Watermark a Small Crown; imperforate. 1937 D. L. Sayers 218 Utilise the leisure so kindly placed at his disposal in a visit to the Crown. 1954 J. Masters iii. xxxi. 268 Armed with a star and crown on each shoulder. 1990 Sept. 191/1 The tourist board criteria for awarding crowns differ from those of the AA and RAC, so many hotels have ended up with more crowns than stars. 2006 M. Labelle in J. R. Lewis ix. 158 The bicephalous eagle, surmounted by a crown with the letters T and S interlaced inside the letter O. the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Corona Borealis c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 2224 And in the signe of taurus men may se The stonys of hire Corone shyne clere. 1556 R. Record 264 The northe Croune, called also Ariadnes Croune. 1556 R. Record 270 There is the Croune of the southe, formed of 13 small starres. 1605 W. Camden i. 175 The whole constellation of Ariadnes crowne, culminant in her nativitie. 1657 21 The sixth Constellation is Corona Borea, the North Crowne the whole Constellation consisteth of 8 Stars. 1770 S. Fuller (ed. 3) 127 A Number of Stars lying near together, and supposed to be circumscribed with Lines representing a Man, Beast or other Figure is called a Constellation, such are Boötes, Orion, the Lion, Crown, &c. 1869 R. A. Proctor (ed. 3) 16 Above Virgo..we see Boötes, now nearly upright, and presenting a fine figure, as with uplifted arm (the stars belonging to the Crown) he chases Ursa Major past the zenith. 1998 98 294 This is not the first time Virgil has paired the two constellations, the Coma Berenices and the Crown of Ariadne. 2012 P. M. Bagnall 170 Corona Australis... This crown of 10 stars lies at the forefeet of Sagittarius and behind the sting of Scorpius. the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > anthelion the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > corona 1563 W. Fulke iii. f. 41v This thicke & watry cloude, is not..vnder the sunne, for then it wolde make the circles, called crownes or garlonds. 1694 R. Blome tr. A. Le Grand i. 220 These conspicuous Circles or Crowns are produced by Reflexion or Refraction. 1739 (Royal Soc.) 40 57 There was no Appearance of an entire Crown, such as usually accompanies Parhelia, and encircles the Sun. 1815 T. I. M. Forster (ed. 2) ii. 97 Meteorologists have spoken of halos and crowns of light. 1823 W. Scoresby 283 The anthelion..combined with the concentric crowns, has, I believe, been observed by very few. 1871 tr. H. Schellen xlix. 207 This crown of rays is usually designated the glory. 1903 Feb. 495/1 That marvel of instruments, the spectroscope, has proved that the aurora is itself luminous... The richest in color are the striped arcs, crowns, or glories, and especially the draperies. 1939 H. M. Miner vii. 126 A ‘crown’ around the moon means coming rain. 1990 F. Schaaf (2012) 170 The shadow with this crown was called the Spectre of the Brocken. 13. 1596 J. Davies sig. B5 All the crowne of men That stands around doth make a murmuring. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer xv. 7 With a crown of princes compassed. 1633 P. Fletcher Poeticall Misc. 64 in A crown of wood-nymphs spread i' th' grassie plain Sit round about. 1831 M. Dods viii. 384 A multitude standing in a ring is called a crown,..and thorns represent the wicked from among whom he would collect this crown of people. 1875 (Manch. Gram. School) Nov. 84 The crown of stones on the top could readily be distinguished. 2002 J. Hogarth tr. V. Hugo 41 Sailors had seen from afar in the moonlight this huge crown of standing stones on the high cliffs of Jersey. 1706 (new ed.) (at cited word) In Geometry, Crown signifies a plain Ring included between two Concentrick Perimeters. a1782 W. Emerson (1794) 73 The area of a crown, ring, or annulus ABC (contained between the circumferences of two circles), is equal to the rectangle under the breadth RF, and half the sum of the perimeters. 1829 A. Jamieson I. 206/1 The area of a crown is had by multiplying its breadth by the length of the middle periphery. the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > trepan > edge of 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau ii. vi. f. 12v/1 The bone first of all shall raceave the poyncte, & by and by the crowne [Fr. circuit, Du. croone], or the teeth of the trepane, without ether glidinge this way or that way, or remove out of there circkle. 1695 R. B. tr. J. de La Charrière xxxii. 228 If you should meet with any strange body, that were forced down into the body of the Bone, so that it could not be pulled out, you must apply the Crown of the Trepan upon the strange Body to carry off the Piece. 1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran xvii. 64 I applied the Crown [Fr. Couronne] of the Trepan. 1787 C. B. Trye in 2 149 I used a large crown. 1883 F. A. Lyons tr. L. von Lesser 185 Its upper closed end is continued in a hollow axle into which a rotary curved, or a diagonal handle is fastened by means of which the crown can be given a rotary motion upon its axis. 1902 1 48 Cautelae are recommended against the overheating of the crown of the trepan by friction. 1990 80 p. xx The trepan or trephine with a crown received a metal ring in Galen's day at least to prevent it from damaging the membrane. 2008 L. Schwarte in H. Schramm et al. 178 Here he [sc. Fabricius] rejected the deployment of drills and rough tools, and favored the simple the four-part conical trepanning crown. 1780 (rev. ed.) I. 396/1 A crown knot. 1834 C. Martelli 65 How is the crown put on? It is done by doubling the service, and passing riding turns from the corner in the backstay and piece forming the horseshoe. 1855 II. 139/1 Crown, Crown-knot (a single wall-knot with a crown). 1867 W. H. Smith 225 Crown, or Double Crown, a knot; is to pass the strands of as rope over and under each other above the knot by way of finish. 1927 G. Bradford 45/2 A wall knot with a crown on top of it forms the beginning of a man rope knot. 2010 L. Philpott viii. 284/2 (caption) Notice that..each strand is passing under two loops around the Crown. 1870 22 Jan. 8/5 Bill of fare. Mock turtle and white soups. Crown of beef. Boar's head [etc.]. 1896 5 Nov. 721/2 Season a nice crown of lamb with salt and pepper, place it in a roasting pan and put one whole onion in the centre. 1912 F. M. Farmer 132 Roast crown of pork. 1987 (Nexis) 11 Feb. b1 Fish lie under glass on ice, crowns of beef and pork are tied and laid out under lights, cheeses hang from the ceiling. 2012 M. Hamilton & C. Hirsheimer 9 When we have the time, we like to ‘dry brine’ pork roasts, including crowns, loins, and bellies. society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > drill > types of bit > parts of bit 1873 5 Sept. 197/1 The whole arrangement of prospecting machinery (irrespective of the diamond crown), is found of great use. 1920 May 23/1 On the next page are shown the various pieces of apparatus used in the operation of setting the diamonds in the drill crown. 1948 K. R. Sharma I. i. ii. 21 The ordinary core drill consists of a tool called a ‘crown’ which is a short piece of cast steel tube, into one end of which a number of ‘black diamonds’ are fixed circumferentially. 2013 S. K. Haldar vii. 120 [The] ‘Diamond core bit’..is a cylindrical hollow tube made of special alloys with a crown at one end. 1967 C. J. Pedersen in 89 7071/2 Because of the appearance of its molecular model and its ability to crown the cations..the first cyclic polyether synthesised in this investigation, was called the crown and the cyclic polyethers, as a class, the crown compounds. 1975 No. 20. 834/1 This prospect has now been realised by utilising l-tartaric acid and d-mannitol separately in two independent synthetic schemes to prepare chiral 18-crown-6 cryptands. 1985 19 Sept. 243/1 Mixed KCs metal solutions in the liquid crowns. 2006 12 2628/1 If molecular crown-azide complexes could be produced..they should be readily detectable by the simultaneous presence of intense characteristic azide and ligand absorptions. III. Something which occupies the position of a crown; the top or highest part or surface. 19. the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > top of skull c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 8814 Muneckes claðes he nom an he scar his crune [c1300 Otho croune] ufenen. c1300 (Laud) (1868) 568 Hise croune he þer crakede Ageyn a gret ston. c1380 (1879) l. 303 Cristes cors come on hure croun. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 5447 He laid his hand a-pon þair cron, And gaue þam serekin beneson. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 111 Whanne þat þe crounne of þe heed is perfiȝt þe heed is maad in þis maner. a1450 (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 3405 Fro the crovn to the toon Blak as cole thei were echoon. ?c1450 (1891) l. 923 (heading) How cuthbert childe stode on his croune, His fete vpwarde his heued doune. ?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection i. l. 310 in F. J. Furnivall (1896) 181 From the Crowne of the hede vnto the too. 1589 G. Puttenham iii. xvi. 148 In deede crowne is the highest ornament of a Princes head..or els the top of a mans head, where the haire windes about. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. i. 232 From toe to crowne hee'l fill our skins with pinches. View more context for this quotation 1683 R. Dixon v. iv. 42 The Divels will one day crack their Crowns, Pickled Knaves, as e're wore Gowns. 1711 E. Ward I. iii. 38 When thus, for Service and for show, Lock'd up in Steel, from Crown to Toe, The Champion, proud as any Lord, Then buckl'd to his nut-brown Sword. 1785 37 Jack fell down And broke his Crown, And Gill came tumbling after. 1816 M. Keating (1817) I. 222 The Arabs..with their bare shaven crowns exposed to its full rays. 1851 H. Melville xxviii. 136 Whoever should do that last office for the dead, would find a birth-mark on him from crown to sole. 1887 W. Besant xiv. 112 He would crack the crown of any man who ventured to make love to his girl. 1912 F. M. Chapman (new ed.) 153 Forehead and nape yellow; crown entirely gray. a1989 P. Grice (2001) i. 7 You seem to be confused, no doubt because that crack on, or in, your crown is still bothering you. 2011 M. K. Hobson xvii. 263 The older woman's gaze flew over her from crown to toe, taking in her dirty and disheveled appearance. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > [noun] c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) (1898) l. 799 (MED) Þis ilke shame, be my croun, Draweþ al to sauuacioun. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 121 Thanne wol I be byneth, by my crown. a1500 (?a1475) (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 974 (MED) We be al dedde, be my crowne! 1597 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 40 Ile haue this crowne of mine, cut from my shoulders Ere I will see the crowne so foule misplaste. 1628 W. Prynne 49 Those men who curle their crownes like women. 1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Josephus Jewish Antiq. xvii. xiv, in 495 With these Crotchets in his Crown, away he went for Rome. 1775 Mar. 143/2 When he was whimsical grown, With sipping his plentiful bowls, By the strength of the juice in his crown, He conceiv'd transmigration of souls. 1877 T. Bracken 169 When lawyers are teasing some scatterbrain'd clown, Who stammers and splutters Each sentence he utters, With scarcely five bob's worth of sense in his crown . 2007 A. Dore (2008) 145 She was left with a curly crown which looked like a job a bad barber would have done on a lad for sixpence. the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > large member of (whale) > parts of > bump or bone on head 1818 B. O'Reilly v. 130 Balæna Mysticetus (the finner) bears a great resemblance to the former, in the generic character of the double spiracle on the crown. 1820 W. Scoresby II. 219 Whales may frequently be seen..elevating and breaking the ice with their crowns. 1903 C. H. Stevenson 195 The head skin, or the fatty covering of the crown of both the right and bowhead whales, and, indeed, the ‘headgear’ of both, are cut into horse-pieces and run through the pots with the body blubber. 2008 T. A. Jefferson et al. iv. 38/2 There is a prominent muscular bulge in the blowhole area (sometimes called the ‘crown’ or ‘stack’ by whalers). the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > top ?a1475 (1922) 230 (MED) ij doctorys stondyng by hym..and eche of hem on here hedys a furryd cappe with a gret knop in þe crowne. 1583 P. Stubbes sig. Dviv Sometimes they were them [sc. hats] sharp on the crowne, pearking vp like a sphere [= spear]. 1611 T. Coryate sig. V4v The women of Venice..put on a readen hat, without any crowne at all. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1678 (1955) IV. 137 A new sort of souldier called Granadiers..had furr'd Capps with coped crownes. 1709 R. Steele & J. Swift No. 71 From the Crown of his Nightcap to the Heels of his Shoes. 1782 May 216/2 There are some readers who have no more imagination..than the crown of my hat. 1858 Jan. 169/2 The crown of the Squire's respectable hat flapped up and down like a smoke-jack. 1891 S. Baring-Gould ii. 28 Tired..of looking into the crown of her hat. 1937 C. W. Cunnington 156 The crown of the capote was frequently stiffened by an underlining of canvas or book muslin or even of stout paper. 1998 T. C. Boyle 443 He paused to pinch the crown of his hat and run a spit-dampened finger over the crease of the brim. 21. the world > plants > part of plant > root > [noun] > summit of root 1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig f. 40 Take commun radice rotes, let them stande in the earth, but pare of the vttermost croune next to the herbe, and make it holowe, then laye the croune agayne vpon the roote. 1682 S. Gilbert 248 In Bulbous Roots, Ferarius makes Off-sets thus; if (says he) a Bulbous Root is barren of Offsets, with your Nail lightly cut it upon the bottom in the Crown of the Root whence the Fibres spring, and sprinkle some dry Dust upon it as Medicine to the Wound. 1759 J. Hill I. 85 There is there lodged upon the crown of the root, the Bud of a future Plant. 1783 1 172 Those buds that are formed round the crowns for the succeeding crop. 1830 J. Baxter 115 Plant some of the largest and best roots early in spring..inserting the crown about two inches below the surface. 1850 G. Glenny 7 [Primulas] are propagated by dividing the tufts into separate crowns with roots attached. 1863 24 i. 219 The men cut the plants [carrots] off under the crown, otherwise they will shoot again. a1933 J. A. Thomson (1934) II. 1238 Although the flowering stem dies down, the plant persists underground as a crown with roots attached to it (lily of the valley), stock (primrose), rhizome (Solomon's seal), or tuber (sunflower). 2003 P. A. Balch (ed. 2) 82/2 To prepare the turnips themselves, remove the crown of the root with a sharp knife. the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > [noun] > tree-top 1589 G. Puttenham iii. xvi. 148 To call the top of a tree..the crowne of a tree..because such terme..is transported from a mans head to a hill or tree, therefore it is called by metaphore, or the figure of transport. 1640 ii. sig. B4v I have some rich treasure which lies hid in the crowne of a tree. 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons 33 When your Trees form into crowns or bunches, the tops of your branches that have been too much pruned, or that have cast their fruit, leaving the knots of the stalks, they are to be discharged of it, to beautifie the Tree. 1703 tr. H. van Oosten i. 17 There are Gardeners that make the Crown of a Tree too taper like a Candlestick. 1758 Sept. 482/1 This tree divides itself at the crown into three limbs, one of which measures 28 feet and a half in the girt, and five feet above the crown of the tree. 1804 Mar. 241/1 A hole is bored, about half an inch deep, below the crown of the tree, and into this is inserted a leaf rolled up like a funnel. 1857 D. Livingstone xviii. 344 It rises thirty or forty feet..and there spreads out a second crown where it can enjoy a fair share of the sun's rays. 1938 W. Fry & J. R. White (rev. ed.) 77 A crown with a narrow, rounded summit and foliage extending halfway down the tree. 1975 B. E. Grimwood ii. 31 The most difficult part of the climbing is getting into the crown of the tree. 2005 B. Hanson 43/1 ‘Enterprise’ grows vigorously and has a spreading habit, forming a round canopy crown. 1698 J. Petiver in (Royal Soc.) 20 321 The Silky Down, which sticks to the Crown of the Seed is very white, and soft as Sattin. 1759 J. Hill I. 76 The entire Seed of the Radish is of a figure approaching to oval, but irregular...the Embryo spreads into the two Plates and intermediate Crown. 1816 R. Duppa II. 383 A plume..elevated from the crown of the seed by a slender foot-stalk. 1931 91 338 The cap or crown of the [maize] kernel. 2006 M. Black et al. 84/2 Endive achenes are usually very light brown or tan, with scales adhering to the crown of the seed. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > foot or spec. foot > pastern > lowest part above hoof 1566 T. Blundeville Bredynge of Horses xv. f. 27v, in The Crownes of their houes will fall downe so lowe, as they shal skant be able to stande on their feete. 1611 R. Cotgrave Couronne,..also, the crowne, top, or beginning of a horses hoofe. 1735 II. at Rules Then as for the crown of the hoof, if the hair lies smooth and close, and the flesh flat and even, the nail is perfect. 1853 1 127 The attendants of the colts teach them to bend the knee by tickling it at the crown of the hoof and pinching it at the same time in the joint. 1922 M. H. Reynolds (ed. 8) 243 Sidebones are detected as bonelike structures which appear above the crown of the hoof at the quarter and just beneath the skin on either side. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > upper part of 1575 G. Gascoigne xxi. 54 This fyrst is called Antlier. The second Surantlier. All the rest which growe afterwardes, vntill you come to the crowne, palme, or croche, are called Royals and Surroyals. 1774 O. Goldsmith III. 114 All the rest which grow afterwards, till you come to the top, which is called the crown, are called royal antlers. 1857 June 711/2 The antlers toward the summit of the beam are often multiplied and a kind of coronet or crown is formed. 1921 E. Step 127 The crown of antlers begins to form at the summit by the production of tines in several directions at the same height. 1988 R. Putman vii. 148 If the main beam ends in a crown or cluster of tines all arising simultaneously from one point..these are regarded as ‘spellers’. 2005 R. D. Guthrie ii. 85/2 Currently, antlers of most European stags terminate in a ‘crown’ of tines. the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun] > summit > rounded 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil ii. 44 My father to the crowne of mounten [L. montis] I lifted. 1608 W. Shakespeare xx. 67 Vpon the crowne of the cliffe. View more context for this quotation 1695 P. Hume iii. 130 A Mountain in the Borders of Armenia,..great drifts of Snow covering its Crown. 1725 D. Defoe ii. 201 The Land went ascending up to a round Crown or Knowl. 1796 J. Owen II. cvii. 108 The Crown of the Mountain, consisting entirely of ashes, precisely conical, and extremely difficult of ascent. 1808 W. Scott iii. xxii. 156 The rampart seek, whose circling crown Crests the ascent of yonder down. 1872 H. I. Jenkinson (1879) 142 A gradual ascent to the crown of the hill. 1934 Nov. 26/1 From his position he could see the crown of the hill in a broad semicircle to the south. 1998 A. Hollinghurst (1999) v. 63 As the car trundled up the incline, with the higher gorsy crowns swelling grandly on either side, the sea-wind began to bluster around it. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > lyric of fixed verse form > other lyrics of fixed form a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1590) ii. sig. Hh8v Lamon..began this Dizaine, answered in that kinde of verse, which is called the Crowne. 1621 Pamphilia 36 in M. Wroth A Crowne of Sonnets dedicated to Love. 1824 24 Feb. 279/2 She had provided herself with a collection of..farewells epilogues, verses, and crowns, for every town she was going to visit. 1945 J. Cary 40 The kind of sequence known as the corona or crown of sonnets..links the units of the sequence very closely in both theme and rhyme. 1971 G. Sorrentino i. 16 A crown of Petrarchan sonnets he wrote for her twentieth birthday. 1990 R. H. Ray 196 Donne himself..says that this crown of poems..is weaved out of his own ‘low devout melancholy’. 26. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > types of roof generally 1588 J. de Frégeville ii. 75 The foundation is Gods word, the building is faith, & the crowne of the worke is glory euerlasting. 1618 xviii. 55 You shall not neede to see the top-gallant the Tyler for he'le leaue many a cracke in the crowne of an house for his owne commoditie. 1705 T. Savery tr. M. van Coehoorn iii. 119 The Parapet with its Crown, is heighten'd 12 Foot and a half above the Cover'd way. 1725 D. Defoe ii. 98 A large Canopy..spread like the Crown of a Tent. 1869 E. J. Reed xi. 235 Watertight flats, such as crowns to magazines, platforms, etc. 1887 R. L. Stevenson i. xxxv. 69 Its crown Of glittering glass. 1894 W. H. White (ed. 3) 61 These spaces include the internal volume of the ship, below the deck forming the ‘crown’ of the engine and boiler-rooms. 1909 J. Miller II. 79 Like columns that had toppled down From temple dome or tower crown. 1989 W. Dalrymple (1990) iv. 130 The mausoleum is octagonal, rising to a parapet from which springs a crown of eight minarets and a bee-hive dome. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > entablature > cornice > corona 1611 R. Cotgrave Couronne,..(In Architecture) also, the Corona, crowne, or member of greatest sayle, in a Cornish. 1664 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart i. xxviii. 68 The Gula or Ogee which composes the Crown of the Cornice. 1749 W. Halfpenny 11/2 The great room ceiling to be cover'd 4 feet down,..with a plain impost moulding of 9 inches at foot, and a colloss of 8 inches on the crown. 1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich 14 The fixed place of all these mutules and modillions is in the cornice directly under the crown. 1838 W. Carpenter Guide to Study Bible iii. iv. 142/1 in W. Jenks The crown or ornamental cornice was of gold. 1892 tr. G. Perrot & C. Chipiez v. 281 There is no attempt at ornament excepting a plinth and a crown. 1937 Jan. 63/1 The belt molding is screwed on from the outside under the crown. 2009 N. Barrett viii. 116/1 The crown is mounted on a frieze formed from a simple inverted baseboard. the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > highest point or top > of an arched surface the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > like an arch or bow > thing of the form of an arch or bow > central part of 1635 S. Rutherford 8 July (1863) I. 149 Truth will yet keep the crown of the causey in Scotland. 1661 in R. Wodrow (1828) I. 254 Now profanity and dissoluteness lift up the head..and keep the crown of the causey. 1670 in J. D. Marwick (1905) III. 145 From the croune of the calsie to the drope of..their respective foir tenementis of land. 1735 J. Price 8 Strong Cross-Walls..must be work'd up to the Top of the Crown of the Arches. 1762 A. Dickson ii. xiv. 254 When the crown of a ridge is turned into a furrow. 1795 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iv, in (1818) IX. 122 They will take the crown of the causeway. 1801 Act 41 George III c. 109 in T. E. Tomlins (1804) I. 214 The Lands and Grounds which shall next adjoin the said Roads and Ways on either Side thereof, as far as the Crown of the Road. 1829 J. Hogg I. i Sic a man..will maybe keep the crown o' the causey langer than some that carried their heads higher. 1856 17 i. 328 The crown of the ridge is isolated, raised out of reach of the re-active moisture from below. 1872 O. Shipley 40 Every arch is said to be surmounted if the height of its crown above the level of its impost be greater than half its span. 1877 M. Oliphant (ed. 2) v. 127 Marching with honest..steps..holding the crown of the causeway. 1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §60 According as the crown of the solar tide precedes or follows the crown of the lunar tide. 1925 J. S. M. Ward I. viii. 89 (note) A bridge.., which the departed cross on the third day after death, and are met on the crown of the bridge by a woman who..leads them into Paradise. 1952 E. L. Leeming (ed. 3) iii. 32 A greater crown was allowed for roads made of inferior materials than for roads built of stone. 1973 Dec. 105/1 Drive the crown of the road to keep from sliding into roadside ditches. 1999 R. Yeomans v. 84/2 Inverted arches spring from the crowns of the lower arches. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > shipbuilding > lines, sections, or elevations 1830 P. Hedderwick iii. i. 292 They are..hollowed out so as carry the water which drains from the crown of the deck to the scuppers. 1903 Oct. 528/1 The plate mold..is..placed on the body plan in the loft and the crown of the beam marked on the top. 1941 Sept. 127 By beveling the edges slightly the strips will conform to the crown of the beams better than if left square. 2005 S. Cory & M. McClintock viii. 172/1 While most structural lumber has a crown.., it's not likely that you will find two with exactly the same curved shape. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > [noun] > bowling-green or part of 1834 27 Aug. The return match at bowls between the gentlemen of Downham and Lynn, was played on the Crown green, at Downham. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. I. 128/1 In Lancashire each green has a ‘crown’ varying in rise and slope. 1904 S. Aylwin iii. 15 Greens with a crown or rise in the centre..are common in many parts of England. 1987 June 5/2 It will be interesting to see how well the flat green players can adapt to the crown. 2007 R. T. Cain 88 The Greens are laid with a crown in the centre which very gradually slopes down to the edges and gutters. the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > that which 1601 R. Wilmot 120 And this shalbe the crown of our ioy, euen the testimony of a good conscience in all thinges before God and man. a1644 F. Quarles (1646) 25 And now thy wisht-for presence (the full Crowne Of all my joyes) is clouded with a Frowne. 1740 S. Johnson viii. 155 Those who are once admitted to the beatific Vision of God, will enjoy it to all Eternity, which is the Crown and Completion of all Felicity. 1785 W. Cowper v. 904 Thou art of all thy gifts thyself the crown. 1806 J. Beresford I. ii. 28 The crown of the catastrophe. 1884 W. C. Smith 94 The crown of culture is a perfect taste, Which lacking, men are blind and cannot see The higher wisdom. 1921 L. Strachey iii. 61 His marriage, which had seemed to be the crown of his youthful ardours, was a long, miserable, desperate failure. 1995 28 Oct. 56/3 Fleetwood Mac..were probably the crown of the British blues boom, arguably even better than Cream. 28. the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > vat or vessel for brewing or fermenting > top of or frame 1668 R. Anderson xxv. 103 The measuring of a portion of a Sphere..may be applyed to the measuring of the inverted Crown of Brewers Coppers. 1669 S. Sturmy v. viii. 34 How to Measure a Segment or portion of a Globe or Sphere, which serves for a..Crown in a Brewers Copper. 1712 No. 5006/4 Coppers with..taper Sides..and Crown for the Stilheads. 1754 W. Symons viii. 84 Observe whether or no the Copper hath any considerable Fall in the Middle, or if it hath a rising Crown. 1844 W. Black (ed. 3) 48 By inserting a damper in the flue, say about 18 inches above the crown, any copper can be made to boil 10 gallons or less. 1885 E. R. Southby (ed. 2) ix. 94 The simple cone..is not nearly so liable to be choked by the hops, the opening in its crown being large. 1908 14 259 With regard to the thickness of the crown, no portion of the copper should exceed 1 inch, and 15/16 inch was ample for the crown. 2003 G. A. Nicol in I. Russell v. 156 The copper crown and the flue plates must be made of a sufficient gauge of copper to withstand the intense local heating. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > bell > [noun] > other parts 1688 R. Holme iii. 462/1 The Crown, the round top of the Bell. 1756 at Bell The pallet or crown which is the cover of the Bell, and supports the staple of the clapper within. 1857 W. C. Lukis 21 The crown or head of the bell, for the formation of the canons, is then fitted to the top. 1872 H. T. Ellacombe i. 4 The ear or cannon on its top or crown, by which it is hung..in the tower. 1956 2 172/2 It would be a very great antiquarian loss to have a bell of modern design with a flat crown instead of the original bell of 1540. 2002 2 Aug. 787/1 The Cretchley's bell..has a high curved crown. 1750 D. Jeffries 37 The diameter of the crown must be ⅕ of the diameter of the base. 1810 T. Mortimer at Diamond The perpendicular, from the base to the crown, must be three-fifths of the diameter of the stone. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler (ed. 7) II. 25 Crown, the upper work of the rose, which all centres in the point at the top, and is bounded by the horizontal ribs. 1948 I. L. Idriess 7 The table would be cut into the upper part or crown of the model. 2001 N. Weinstock 81 Their table facets gleamed above the crown and in the center of the girdle. 1794 D. Steel I. 77 Crown, the lowest end of the shank, where the arms are united. 1851 H. Melville cxxi. 564 Take your leg off from the crown of the anchor here, though, so I can pass the rope. 1874 F. G. D. Bedford vi. 172 If anchoring a boat on rocky ground, bend the cable to the crown of the anchor, and stop it to the ring before letting go. 1911 1 336 The anchor is stockless and without the painter-ring at the crown that is so often seen on ancient anchors. 1993 S. D. Cameron 252 An anchor stock stands at right angles to the crown. 1796 W. Marshall I. 126 The crown of the staple is enlarged, and is divided into three compartments or notches, like those of the draught iron of a plough. 1885 8 Aug. 26/2 One of these extremities; the one nearest the point where the piston and crown are in contact, communicates with a groove. 1954 Feb. 149/2 (caption) Boost in power is due partly to redesigning crown of piston. Old crown (left) was higher. 2009 D. W. Parks 113/1 The smaller the radius of the anvil, the higher the crown will be. 29. the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > substance or parts of teeth > [noun] > crown and parts 1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow I. 43 In each Tooth, we distinguish two Portions, one without the Socket, call'd the Body of the Tooth, and in the Dentes Molares, the Crown [Fr. Couronne]; the other within the Socket, call'd the Root of the Tooth. 1804 J. Abernethy 58 The whole crown of the tooth may be destroyed to the level of the gum. 1854 15 ii. 288 The several parts of a tooth are the crown, neck, and fang. 1920 W. Hutchinson 170 Though your teeth are very hard and glassy looking on the surface, they are much softer and chalkier inside; this glassy coating covers only the crown, or free part, of the tooth, which you can see. 2002 (Nexis) 27 Apr. 16 We find two thirds of the crown of the tooth spotlessly clean and the other third where the crown disappears into the gum coated with plaque. the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > a restoration > crown 1781 P. E. Jullion ii. 35 To remove the decayed Part of a Tooth, in order to prepare it for the Reception of a new Crown. 1799 W. Nisbet 250 A human tooth of a proper size is to be artfully fitted over the natural stump. This is done by drilling a hole in the stump, which must be firm, and introducing a gold wire screw, to which the new crown or artificial tooth is fixed. 1820 L. S. Parmly iii. 75 The pivot soon wears away the fang. Thus the artificial crown becoming loose, it drops out. 1847 tr. A. M. Desirabode 179 We perform it [sc. decapitation of teeth]..when we want to preserve the roots, in order to adapt artificial crowns to them. 1885 I. E. Clifford & R. E. Clifford 6 The crown fits over the root like a cap. 1963 J. Osborne (ed. 5) xxiii. 415 Crowns may be of two types, first those that cover the natural crown of the tooth... Second are those crowns that replace entirely the crown of the natural tooth. 2008 (Nexis) 15 Feb. b 2 What initially was thought to be a bullet lodged in the throat of a man whose body was pulled from Lake Houston turned out to be a crown from his tooth. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > crown-glass 1808 J. Phillips et al. (ed. 12) 198 Best Newcastle-crown, in squares of 3 feet, to 3 feet 6 inches. 1845 VIII. 486/2 An object glass of flint and crown. 1902 XXV. 41/2 The experiments of the eminent Jena glass-makers with phosphate crowns and borate flints. 1966 (rev. ed.) IX. 351 (caption) Heavy flints, flints, light flints, extra-light flints, short crowns, crowns, borosilicate crowns. 2001 C. Bray (ed. 2) 213/2 The Syrians were active in making window crowns in the 8th century AD. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > [noun] > combing > card or comb > fineness of wire in 1854 C. Tomlinson I. 456/1 Card sheets are distinguished by the number of wires in each breadth of 3½ inches for the drum, and 2 inches for the top cards: the number of wires per inch counted on the length of the sheet leather are called crowns. 1884 W. S. B. McLaren ix. 211 The crown..is the number of wires in 1 inch along it. IV. Something having a representation of a royal crown on it. 32. Any of various coins, originally one bearing the imprint of a crown. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] 1397 in M. T. Löfvenberg (1946) 64 (MED) [8000 francs called] crounes. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 2155 (MED) Þe change is nat so redy for to make In Lombard Strete of crowne nor doket. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry (1971) lii. 76 They dare bye gownes of thre or foure score Crownes. 1526 Proclam. 22 Aug. in P. L. Hughes & J. F. Larkin (1964) (modernized text) I. 157 The King therefore straightly chargeth and commandeth all and singular his subjects..to receive and take the crown of gold of the sun having his due weight and fineness, or any other crown of the same weight and fineness, for 4s. 6d. sterling. 1530 J. Palsgrave 211/1 Crowne, a pece of golde, escu. 1577 W. Harrison (1877) ii. xxv. i. 364 Of forren coines we haue..the French and Flemish crownes, onlie currant among vs, so long as they hold weight. 1600 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 219 Stand my friend, & heres foure Harry tenshillings [sic] in french crowns for you. View more context for this quotation 1728 E. Chambers Crown, in Commerce, is a general Name for Coins, both Foreign or Domestick, of, or near, the Value of five Shillings Sterling..; as the French Ecu, which we call the French Crown, struck in 1641 for 60 Sols, but now risen to 5 Livres; the Patagon, Dollar, Ducatoon, Rix-dollar, and Piastre or Piece of Eight. 1749 T. Nugent II. 103 In most of the king of Prussia's dominions, the moneys are expressed by crowns..grosses, and fennins. 1819 P. B. Shelley iv. ii. 65 One who thinks A thousand crowns excellent market price For an old murderer's life. 1855 25 Aug. 934/1 German, Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian crowns, 111 cents each; old French crowns, 114 cents each. 1892 21 July 6/1 The present Gulden (florin) is being replaced by a new unit, the Crown, of the value of a half a florin. 1917 4 Apr. 6/2 The mark and crown to-day reached the lowest point recorded on the Amsterdam exchange since the beginning of the war. 1959 R. M. Slusser & J. F. Triska 298/2 Establishes a trade balance limit of 10 million Icelandic crowns for each party. 1993 30 Aug. 21/4 Numerous restaurateurs charge a huge mark-up and even tourists are finding 100 Czech Crowns (over £2) a bit strong for their ‘pint’. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > crown or five shillings 1526 Proclam. 22 Aug. in P. L. Hughes & J. F. Larkin (1964) (modernized text) I. 157 There should be a piece of gold of his own coin of like fineness, poise, and goodness as the said crown of the sun is, to be also current within this his realm, the same to be called the crown of the rose. 1543 R. Record i. sig. M.viv A Crowne contayneth 5s., and the halfe crowne 2s. 6d. How be it there is another crowne of 4s. 6d. which is knowen by the rose syde, for ye rose hath no crowne ouer it, as in ye other crowne, but it is enuironed on the 4 quarters, wt 4 flowre deluces. 1577 W. Harrison (1877) ii. xxv. i. 363 The new gold..Our peeces now currant are..quarters of souereigns (otherwise called crownes) and halfe crownes. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow 5 Who weekely spends fiue or six Crownes for postage of letters onely. 1688 R. Holme iii. 28/2 A Crown, or five Shillings Gold, is the least peece we have in England. 1712 R. Steele No. 266. ⁋2 I..could not forbear giving her a Crown. 1729 W. Law vii. 96 She will toss him half a crown or a crown. 1838 C. Dickens I. xviii. 307 I'll bet a crown! 1894 A. B. Gomme I. 7 Every button cost a crown. 1944 G. Heyer xxv. 297 And here's a crown for you to keep your mouth shut! 1994 Issue 8. 6/1 These handsome large silver crowns are over 326 years old, yet they cost only a little bit more than a modern silver proof crown. 33. society > communication > printing > paper > [noun] > sizes of society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper of specific size 1712 Act 10 Anne in No. 5018/3 Paper called..Genoa Crown. 1739 C. Leadbetter ix. 44 (table) Large Post..Crown..Printing Fools Cap. 1790 ‘P. Pindar’ 7 His nice discerning knowledge none deny, On crown, imperial, foolscap, and demy. 1837 20 June 8/1 Fifteen Hundred and Thirteen Reams of Paper of the best respective qualities, viz:—demy, tissue, post cartridge, crown, elephant. 1870 T. MacKellar (ed. 5) 275 Writing paper... Crown 15 ×19 [Inches]. 1904 Sept. 15 The old regular sizes of pot, 12 x 15 inches,..crown, 15 x 20, [etc.]..are made and sold only of writing-paper grade. 1963 16 176 Sixty reams of printing crown..were supplied. 2005 i. 21 The old sizes are no longer generally used in British publishing, though they are retained in American production. Measured in inches, the untrimmed sheet and page sizes are:..crown [Standard] 15 x 20 [4to] 10 x 71/ 2[8vo] 71/ 2 x 5... Measured in millimetres the common metric paper sizes (untrimmed) are:..metric crown [Quad sheet] 768 x 1,008 [4to] 252 x 192 [8vo]192 x 126; metric large crown [Quad sheet] 816 x 1,056 [4to] 264 x 204 [8vo] 204 x 132. 1760 3 Jan. (advt.) Beautifully printed on a Crown Octavo. 1787 16 Jan. 1/2 (advt.) A perspective view of each machine complete, on eight crown folio copperplates. 1834 Aug. 272 He'll publish the owtobiography o' a' Us Three, first piecemeel in Maga, and then ilka ane by itsell, in three vols. crown octavo, gettin' a ransom for the copy-richts. 1877 24 Nov. 456/3 (advt.) A new edition of the above excellent work is just issued... The price is $3.50, crown octavo, and will be sent to any part of the United States. 1952 A. W. Lewis (1957) ii. 11 The size of this book is Crown octavo. 2008 B. T. Lupack 56/2 The miniature edition, a crown quarto, was probably printed in 1875. Phrases P1. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart II. clxvii. [clxiii.] 462 The tresourers made redy the money in Crownes of the Sonne, and put it into foure cofers. 1548 f. ccxxxv That the French kyng should paie..without delaie, lxxv. M. Crounes of the sunne, and yerely .l. M. crounes, to be paied at London. 1639 P. Massinger i. i. sig. B2v Present your bag cramm'd with crowns of the sunne. 1773 W. Beawes (ed. 6) 382/2 It was customary formerly to make the Bills drawn from Amsterdam and elsewhere, on the Payments of Lyons, in golden Crowns of the Sun. 1856 H. W. Herbert Sir Hugues de Coucy vii. in (ed. 3) 93 I fix my ransom at twenty thousand crowns of the sun. 1929 19 Once in a while, but a real rose noble, Golden ram or Crown of the Sun Falls from the matrix. 1995 74 161 (note) The value of the ‘crown of the sun’ is taken from A. G. Scott et al., Index to the Diurnal of Occurrents. P2. 1526 in (P.R.O.: SP 1/38) f. 270 The..Mynte Maister..payeth the Marchaunte for his lb. weight of angell gold cviij Crounes of the Rose at vs. the pece and is but in valewe inded iiijs. xd. ob. 1526 Proclam. 22 Aug. in P. L. Hughes & J. F. Larkin (1964) (modernized text) I. 157 There should be a piece of gold of his own coin of like fineness, poise, and goodness as the said crown of the sun is, to be also current within this his realm, the same to be called the crown of the rose. 1526 Proclam. 5 Nov. in ii. m 2a There shalbe a certeyne newe coyne of gold..named a Crowne of the double Rose..curraunt..for fyue shillynges. 1549 Inventory in K. Parr (2011) 631 Item: a purse of black silk and gold, wherein is two crowns of the Rose. 1721 J. Strype II. i. xviii. 147 The Kings Gold was now much conveyed out of the Kingdom..; and especially the old Coins of..Angels,..Crowns of the Rose, and others of that or like Standard. 1846 J. O. Halliwell I. 283/2 Crowns-of-the-rose were coined by Henry VIII. in 1526, and worth the same sum [as crowns-of-the-sun]. 1884 R. L. Kenyon 87 Whereas the ‘Crown of the Sun’, not being an aliquot part of a pound, was inconvenient for calculation, another crown, called the ‘Crown of the Double Rose’, was made which should be current for 5s. 1978 C. E. Challis ii. 69 (caption) England. Henry VIII. Crown of the double rose, 22 c, mm rose, 52 7 gr. 1996 C. Arnold-Baker 329/1 A new 22 Ct. crown of the rose (54 pence) was equated with the French ecu. P3. society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > crown > specific 1610 J. Guillim iv. i. 190 This kinde of Crowne..some haue giuen it the name of a Crowne Homager. 1688 R. Holme iii. i. 1/2 It is also called a Crown Homager, because of latter times it is worn by petty Kings or Princes, which do Homage and Service to Superior Powers. 1621 F. Quarles sig. H The way to Blisse lyes not on beds of Downe, And he that had no Crosse, deserues no Crowne. 1669 W. Penn (title) No cross, no crown. 1772 J. W. Fletcher Let. 7 Sept. in J. Benson (1805) v. 174 My very dear Friend, No cross, no crown: the heavier the cross, the brighter the crown. 1841 in 10 ‘No Cross no Crown’, is a sure testimony, and will be answered in a future day; if we will not bear the cross, we cannot have the crown. 1944 ‘A. Gilbert’ (1945) xiii. 135 They were always at loggerheads, those two. No Cross, No Crown, that's their motto. 1996 L. Andrews vii. 123 He sighed piteously. ‘I suppose I'll have to hang on for it.’ ‘No cross, no crown, Julian.’ He realised he had overplayed the martyr. P5. 1640 W. Somner 163 Upon the beautifying of Saint Thomas Crowne, that is Beckets Crowne was expended..115l. 12s. 1726 J. Dart 30 At the End of this Chapel is a small ascent and vertex, call'd, Becket's-Crown the reason for which Name was..the Relique of his..which was there preserv'd. 1845 R. Willis 56 The notion that this round chapel was called Becket's Crown, because part of his skull was preserved here as a relic..appears wholly untenable. 1907 June 174/2 Becket's crown was completed in 1184—fourteen years after his death, when Canterbury had already become a renowned centre of pilgrimage. 2004 P. Binski (title) Becket's Crown: art and imagination in Gothic England, 1170–1300. P6. 1640 W. Somner 163 Upon the beautifying of Saint Thomas Crowne..was expended..115l. 12s. 1803 Oct. 909/1 The Eastern termination of the cathedral of Christ-church, Canterbury..is called St. Thomas's Crown, from St. Thomas-à-Becket, whose shrine was situated in a blaze of splendour a few feet Westward. 1971 J. Fontenrose i. 16 After 1220 the cathedral contained four shrines of St. Thomas (Martyrdom, his tomb in the crypt, St. Thomas's crown, the great shrine). P7. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > [noun] > other dice games 1882 G. A. Sala II. vi. 78 The Crown and Anchor booth at Greenwich Fair.] 1902 16 692/1 Gentlemen who manipulate a weird instrument on the roulette principle, and others who invite you to patronise the simple game of Crown and Anchor. 1943 J. L. Hunt & A. G. Pringle 46 Mudhook, Army name for the Crown and Anchor board used surreptitiously by members of the forces. 2008 94 86 Those [Royal Navy sailors] caught playing crown and anchor were heavily punished. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. With the sense ‘of or relating to a royal crown or the Crown (monarch or monarchy)’. (a) a1628 F. Greville Treat. Monarchy x, in (1670) 118 France then, thou large extended Monarchy, Keep to thy self the charge of Crown-demesne. 1750 T. Carte II. viii. 177 Walter used the like care..in laying a talliage on the cities, burroughs, and towns of the crown-demesne, to replenish the exchequer. 1826 J. H. Druery 234 As part of the crown demesne, it was very early freed from the payment of toll, stallage,..other levies. 1997 H. C. Evison (rev. ed.) xv. 263 The vast ‘wastelands’ in the Kaikoura and West Coast districts, in the government's view, were already Crown demesne by virtue of British sovereignty. 1711 tr. III. 606 The levying of the Crown Dues, Licences and Revenues. 1875 W. McIlwraith 76 McDowall had fallen behind in the payment of certain crown-dues, and was outlawed. 1953 J. H. M. Craig ii. 21 The last of the Saxon kings had already compelled a few districts to pay Crown dues by weight. 2000 R. Chenciner iv. 61 New and presumably lower crown dues were agreed, with the imposition of a government surveyor. 1612 M. Drayton ix. 144 For encrease of his benefits towards the Isle, ioyned with preseruation of his Crowne-dueties, [Edgar] conuerted the tribute of the Welsh into CCC. Wolues a yeare. 1762 U. Roger xi. 211 The pastors of parishes pay..a crown duty for their horses. 1816 July 553/2 He shall be also indemnified by his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke of Tuscany, for all the revenues the family of the latter derived from the crown duties before the year 1801. 1916 J. A. Ballentine 49/1 Butterage, an hereditary crown duty of two tons of wine from every ship importing twenty tons or more. 2002 R. Hansen in R. Hansen & P. Weil iii. viii. 183 Individuals born in the American colonies before the revolution remained subject to Crown duties following it. 1750 W. Douglass II. xii. 251 In the Royal or Crown Governments, the Governor's Commission with the Instructions, are the Magna Charta of the Colony. 1883 J. Fiske in Feb. 414/2 The Government of Virginia, after the suppression of the Company in 1624, was a Crown government: the governor and council were appointed by the king. 1981 K. M. de Silva iv. xviii. 248 The lists of renters (of revenue) of both the Madras and crown governments contained a substantial number of headmen. 2005 61 354 The sixteenth century witnessed the establishment of crown government in Salvador in the northeast. 1692 J. Hamden Some Considerations about raising Mony in (1706) II. 315 The putting a bar upon Crown-Grants of the Revenue. 1761 8 Aug. 139/2 Land so retained.., contrary to the crown grant, as long as it remains disused cannot be reckon'd as sugar-land. 1840 7 Mar. 90 The question of the validity of crown-grants of colonial lands has been mooted. 1863 N.Z. Govt. Gaz. in 14 July 2/2 On the expiration of three years..each settler..will be entitled to a Crown grant of the town allotment and farm section allotted to him. 2008 24 185/1 Generally, the foreshore is owned by the Crown, though it may be disposed of through a Crown Grant to a subject. the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [noun] > solemn > taken by sovereign at coronation 1649 J. Milton xxviii. 235 The ancient Crown-Oath of Alfred. 1837 11 50 Which angry discussion was at length put an end to by the father declaring, with a crown oath, that he never beheld a finer bantling in his life. 1896 L. Housman 97 The King being an ill ruler, and false to his crown-oaths, had been driven out and supplanted by his brother. 1999 3 80 The historic move opened the way for Sinn Féin's entry into a new northern assembly requiring no crown oath. 1772 June 387 Usurpers, invaders, and wrongful possessors of the crown property in the premises. 1875 A. Helps iv. 62 Who manages all the Crown property about here? 1994 Sept. 4/1 To protect the site from fossil collectors..the Saskatchewan government quickly designated it crown property under its Heritage Property Act. 1587 J. Higgins (new ed.) i. Rudacke f. 48 Crownerape accounted but cunning and skill. 1883 II. ii Crown-rape, usurpation of the crown by force. 1583 B. Melbancke (new ed.) 10 His hart meltinge on them to see suche an ofspringe in ieoperdye, of beggerye, [he] made them certain conueyances of his crowne reuenues. 1614 J. Selden 243 Before him..[was]..the crown-reuenew accompted. 1707 L. Echard ii. ii. 233 He..had recourse thither to settle his State Affairs and Crown Revenues. 1816 (ed. 2) IV. 308/1 The crown revenue arising from this colony is estimated at two millions Sterling in gold. 1922 W. P. M. Kennedy xi. 163 The governor always had at his disposal crown revenues which included funds provided by the home government for the military chest. 2008 51 137 The new monarchical policies..entailed..expanding commerce between Spain and the colonies, with a view to increasing Crown revenues. 1592 W. Warner (rev. ed.) vii. xxxiv. 148 To whome, from her, the Crown-right of Lancastrians did accrewe. 1685 tr. R. Simon 115 Whether the Regale be a Crown right and by consequent unalienable. 1769 W. Anderson I. 79 The crown rights and the kingdom itself were divided among the royal progeny. 1892 5 Oct. 3/1 The crown rights of the Son of God. 2004 26 185 Exploiting the Crown right of preemption. 1745 H. Home 1 The Crown-vassals, those holding in capite of the King, were obliged to give Suit in Presence in Parliament. 1824 W. Scott Chivalry in III. 126/2 The children of the first nobles and high crown-vassals were educated at court. 1902 F. W. Hackwood 27/1 The lands of these knights were called ‘fees’, and composed the barony of a crown vassal. 2004 A. J. Prazmowska ii. 38 Most provincial dukes and princes..in return for submitting to the authority of the king gained entitlement to their lands as crown vassals. (b) historical. In the titles of royal officials, chiefly Polish ones. [With reference to Poland, after Polish koronny (adjective) of the crown (derivative of korona: see main etymology), used in titles of many military and court officials in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to indicate authority exercised in the Kingdom of Poland (commonly referred to as Korona the crown), as opposed to the adjective litewski ‘of Lithuania’, which indicated authority exercised in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.] 1704 No. 4073/3 The Crown-General Lubomirski and the Crown-Chamberlain his Brother had made their Submission. 1750 J. Mackenzie i. ii. 62 Another Rental of the whole Islands, anno 1704, both signed and attested by the Crown-Chamberlains for the Time. 1847 J. Logan II. at Na Grantaich—Grants of Glenmoristoun, 1 The Lairds of Grant were crown chamberlains of the lordship of Urquhart. 1957 W. Notestein i. 65 The Crown Chamberlain had that reverence to be expected from a man of that time. 2007 L. Campbell (front matter) 6th [Thane of Cawdor] William (Crown Chamberlain, further fortified Cawdor in 1454) d. 1468. 1685 A. Tyler v. 112 Poles Crown Ensign, Who there Commanded! made a valiant Sally. 1898 S. A. Binion tr. H. Sienkiewicz iv. vi. 771 There were present also the commanders, the crown ensign, the ensign of Novogorad, [etc.]. 2010 P. Stolarski iv. 96 Other nobles with Dominican confessors or chaplains in this period included..Hieronim Sieniawski, Crown Ensign. 1684 iii. 32 Soon after the Crown-General Potosky departing this Life. 1687 J. Dryden ii. 55 You seem crown-gen'ral of the land. 1750 Feb. 59/1 The officers as well as soldiers of our army are listed for life, if the crown-general thinks fit to deny giving the former leave to resign, or the latter to be discharged. 1859 L. Oliphant II. ii. 39 In vain did they..send the Crown generals against them, at the head of numerous armies. 2012 T. N. Corns 194/2 Sobieski..achieved distinction in 1671 as ‘Crown General’ against Tatar and Cossack incursions into Poland. 1699 N. Luttrell Diary in (1857) IV. 535 On the 1st instant the crown referendary of Great Poland was elected speaker of the diet. 1740 tr. G. Adlerfeld II. 63 The Crown-Referendary,..seeing the infantry making towards the river, made an attempt to pillage the baggage. 1944 F. C. Anstruther tr. O. Laskowski xix. 206 The mass of the gentry from the ranks of which came the leaders of the King's party: the clever and energetic Crown Refendary Stanislaw Szczuka, and the Ensign of Nur, Stanislaw Godlewski. 2001 R. I. Frost in R. Butterwick 151 Crown Referendary Jan Małachowski..presented John Casimir's 1648 election diploma for annullation. 1684 v. 95 Troops under the Command of the Crown-standard-bearer. 1898 M. Loyd tr. K. Waliszewski v. 80 The Queen has told me that ‘M. Sobieski, Crown Standard-Bearer of this kingdom’ (this office had just been conferred upon him), [etc.]. 2008 S. Millar 17 He commanded his 2,000-strong Tatar cavalry force with such distinction that he was promoted to be Crown Standard Bearer. 1684 iv. 86 The Crown-Watchmaster was posted next the Neister. 1642 M. Parinter sig. B4 I know no reason why there should not be Crowne Ale, as well as Crowne sope. 1779 J. Mecom Let. 27 July in B. Franklin (1993) XXX. 149 I..do not know his Inclination concerning the crown soap. 1795 4 Mar. Boards cut from Riga Crown Logs, of the very best quality. 1807 10 Oct. Crown ware. 1809 Dec. 453 Of Memel crown timber, a large quantity..still remains in store at Clachnaharry. 1822 J. Blunt ii. 31 The gauge for crown staves is 41/ 2 inches broad, 13/ 4 inches thick, and 64 inches in length. 1868 3rd Ser. 4 108 Crown logs, crown deals, crown timber, and staves, are every-day terms, and are even used where particular makers mark their goods otherwise than with a crown. 1875 6 Crown Ware (superior earthenware), a speciality. 1923 31 1447 The dust could be brushed off with your hand and see the metal on the flues or the crown staves anywhere in the boiler. 1999 (Nexis) 28 Jan. 26 A high-fired earthenware, Crownware was cheaper than Parian but it was not a success. 2007 N. Cox & K. Dannehl Dict. Traded Goods & Commodities in www.british-history.ac.uk (accessed 8 Feb. 2013) Early attempts to make soap in England resulted in a poor soap called black soap, and it seems that the name crown soap was applied to a better quality as techniques improved. 1647 N. Bacon 126 The Popes meaned no lesse game then Crown-glieke with the King and people. 1713 J. Swift 25 Jan. (1766) I. 151 I..was winning all I had lost playing with lady Masham at crown picquet. 1753 A. Murphy No. 34 She plays Crown Whist. 1759 II. iii. 28 Mrs. —— always sent me cards for her rout, and indulged me so far as to make a crown table. 1764 I. 105 I played one rubber of crown cribbage. 1786 A. de Cardonnel Pref. 6 Aberdeen..continues till the arched crown coins of James IV. 1811 L.-M. Hawkins II. xxvi. 57 Ever a crown-table here, do you know? 1817 N. Drake II. vii. 170 It is then proposed to play either at twelve-penny gleek, or crown gleek. 1866 7 Oct. 82/1 Then to the bar to take a nobbler with Bob Magrath,..with whom he made the crown bet, and has lost. 1883 37 If I bought a crown hat, how many half pence should I give? 1998 May 16/1 To celebrate the 50th birthday of HRH the Prince of Wales, the Royal Mint has issued a crown coin. 1990 39 838 Given the ambiguity resulting from associating the same name with clades stemming from different ancestors in a lineage, it seems preferable to give a different name to the crown clade on the one hand and to the ‘total’ clade on the other. 2001 G. W. Rouse & F. Pleijel ii. 16/1 Conway Morris and Peel (1995) suggest a hypothesis that would place Wiwaxia and Canadia..as a grade leading to a clade that represents the extant or ‘crown’ Annelida. 2011 192 266 Molecular clock analyses yielded estimates ranging from 568-815 million yr before present (Ma) for crown embryophytes and from 175-240 Ma for crown angiosperms. C2. 1635 F. Quarles i. ix. 37 Like crowne-distemper'd fooles, despise True riches. 1778 T. West 86 The opposite shore is beautified with variety of crown top'd rocks. 1830 J. Galt II. v. viii. 182 Crown-broad buttons. 1997 (Nexis) 28 Nov. b4/5 The crown-bedecked wooden statue will be on display at the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart for two days. 2009 E. Lipkin ii. 58 The club logo was a crown-topped heart. b. 1760 J. Lee i. xiv. 36 The Stigma is..Coroniform, Crown-shaped, as in Pyrola. 1859 14 May 476/1 A fine Saxon ring of gold, the centre a crown-shaped ornament, fetched 20l. 1933 Oct. 100/2 The dredging had left a deep crown-shaped hole in the bottom of the sound. 2004 E. Reid iii. 86 She rolled up a sleeve to reveal a small crown-shaped bruise on her arm. C3. a. 1753 Aug. 421/1 A letter, dated Aug. 27. was sent by the crown-agent to the Deputy-Governor of the castle,..That he might remove the centinels from within the prisoner's room. 1773 T. Leland II. viii. 465 Infamous practices of discoveries and crown-agents. 1812 in (House of Commons) (1816) 24 The negroes houses.., the workshops and their tools, of all of which the Crown Agents have had the occupancy and possession from the hour they took over the negroes. 1863 21 Sept. 6/1 The office of the Crown Agents of the Colonies. 1904 1 July 20/1 The 40 colonies and protectorates.., who buy their stores through the crown agents in the London market. 1954 53 186 The Crown Agents have changed their title to Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations. 1995 G. Janner in I. Cotler 209 An independent inquiry into war crimes to be chaired by Sir Thomas Hetherington, a former director of public prosecutions, and William Chalmers, a former Crown agent in Scotland. 1843 C. A. Feiling & A. Heimann (ed. 2) 346/1 Krone.., in compos. Kron;..—— hirsch.., stag with crown antlers. 1902 H. N. Hutchinson 121 At Rominten,..his Majesty..stalks and bags a large number of stags, famous for their great weight and dark-brown crown-antlers. 1999 J. Thomas 119 Both lozenge facets and spiral designs are known from crown antler maceheads. 1812 Apr. 384/1 It was the Crown-arch [of the Highgate Tunnel], near Hornsey-Lane, that first gave way. 1844 16 June 10/4 I was on the Surrey side of Battersea bridge, and saw a man and woman standing on the crown arch of the bridge. 1847 30 Jan. 4/2 The semicircle is the best curve for crown arches of sewers. 1851 105 The number of cubic yards of building contained in the walls, crown-arch, chimney-heads, buttresses, and spur-arches of kiln. 1922 5 602 The greatest fuel losses [in a kiln] are..the heat radiated from the exterior of poorly insulated side walls and crown arch. 2008 B. Maidl et al. ix. 135 (caption) Installation of crown arch support with mesh reinforcement. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching II. 188 The casa do Civel consists of..three ouvidores do crime, of whom one is also chancery-judge,..and one crown-attorney. 1871 Aug. 113/1 His Honor Judge Miller,..while agreeing with the Crown Attorney.., stated that the Court had decided not to try the case. 1978 23 Aug. 1/6 The minister said he placed the call at a time when, as a lawyer, he knew the Crown attorney would have the court docket in front of him. 2013 F. H. Buckley i. 28 Unlike American district attorneys, Canadian crown attorneys are career civil servants. 1686 J. Davies 98 In the 19th. year of this Queen, at the Assizes at Oxford, suddenly, the Court sitting at the Crown-bar, they were surprized with a with a pestilent Savour. 1709 W. Oldsworth I. 20 'Twill never pass before a Judge of Nisi prius, in an action of Trover, nor yet at the Crown Bar, in a case of Petty Larceny. 1813 J. Nightingale XIII. ii. 143 Under that appropriated to the crown bar is a cell, for the reception of prisoners. 1844 F. W. Simms ix. 82 When the heading is driven, it is widened at the top along one side, to form, as it were, a shelf, upon which a crown bar may be laid lengthways. 1854 10 June 357/2 The crown-bars of the furnace are made each of two parallel bars..held by T-head rivets or bolts to the crown. 1922 M. H. Gornston 12 The firebox has a semicircular crown sheet which is stayed by solid crown bars. 2013 G. B. Hemphill viii. 194 (caption) Crown bars mounted on the ribs support the new roof by cantilever action. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > cinchona tree or bark 1823 (Soc. Apothecaries) 13 The ingredients..are for the most part very expensive, such as, among many others, Opium, Cassia fistula,..but above all the Cinchona Lancifolia, or Crown Bark. 1872 J. Yeats (rev. ed.) ii. 234 The pale bark contains most cinchonine, the yellow most quinine; Loxa or crown bark the largest proportion of quinidine. 1917 17 Aug. 671/1 Several species of cinchona are cultivated in India—namely, Cinchona succirubra (red bark), C. calisaya and ledgeriana (yellow bark), and C. officinalis (crown bark). 2010 K. P. P. Nair 118 Doraiswami and Venkatraman reported maximum ash content in crown bark grown at 2000–2500m above MSL. the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [noun] > anything lying transversely > cross-piece, -bar, or -beam 1776 G. Semple 4 The Crown-Beams..projected from three to five Feet. 1828 19 July 6/2 Each rib is made to consist of two rafters and a crown beam. 1950 July 215/2 Crown beams fit over steel pins. 2011 P. Schmidt et al. 84/1 The ends of the crown beams rest on the outer edge of the corner bracket. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Nero) v. l. 2469 Crowne bennet fyrst, and colet nest. 1555 Sir J. Balfour in C. Innes (1861) 129 He hes producit ane testimonial of his order of crowne-bennet. 2003 www.iol.co.za (S. Afr.) 22 Aug. (online newspaper, accessed 16 Dec. 2014) Nikki would be celebrate [sic] her crown birthday—turning 29 on August 29. 2010 Cape Argus in www.pressreader.com 17 June (online newspaper, accessed 22 Feb. 2021) A roaring celebration for his crown birthday. 2013 www.timeslive.co.za (S. Afr.) 5 Feb. (online newspaper, accessed 16 Dec. 2014) My daughter is five years old. It is her crown birthday [today]. 1843 2 165/2 Dahlias as they grow should be fastened to their sticks or stands... If any of the crown blooms are showing, pick them off. 1911 I. L. Powell Pl. XVII The stem of the crown bloom is bare of leaves for a considerable distance. 2003 P. Harkness 122 The crown blooms appear some time before the side buds mature, which ensure the pickers can obtain a daily harvest while the season lasts. the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > large member of (whale) > parts of > bump or bone on head 1792 (ed. 2) 3 155 A harpoon..struck the fish in the crown-bone of the head. 1820 W. Scoresby I. 454 The upper-jaw, including the ‘crown-bone’, or skull, is bent. 1901 15 401 The roof..is formed of jaw-bones and crown-bones of whales, which extend from the outer wall to the central support. society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > drill > other drills 1854 8 90 A crown borer, which being armed with 5 or more chisels..makes by percussion as already described, a circular cut to the required depth. 1869 21 Sept. 3/1 Mr Randolph, chairman of committee on orchards..described how and when he found the eggs of the crown borer, the manner in which the beetle punctured the bark and deposited the eggs. 1902 XXXI. 643/1 Attempts are being made to substitute a rotary ‘crown’ borer for the percussion drill in sinking wells for petroleum. 1920 No. 1027 22 The spittle bug, crown borer, crown miner, red spider, and other insects are often serious pests in parts of the western United States. 1948 G. M. Darrow & G. F. Waldo 27 The raspberry root or crown borer is one of the most widely distributed blackberry insects. 2004 (Nexis) 10 Feb. b1 A crown borer became the insectary's answer to pasture-destroying knapweed. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > chrysanthemums > flower bud 1730 in (1733) I. 117 The Tops, or Crown Buds; from whence the Liquorice-Root is cut off. 1857 S. Broome 13 In thinning out, if great care be no taken, the crown buds are apt to snap off. 1900 A. Wynne in W. D. Drury v. 140 These growths form buds (termed crown buds)... If these buds form in July..they are taken out, and another shoot is made, which produces a ‘terminal’, or second crown, bud. 1962 7 Apr. 15/2 Each shoot produces what are known as ‘first crown buds’. 2008 (Nexis) 6 Dec. 16 The top growth needs wrapping up for the winter..to prevent the worst of the winter cold from attacking the central crown buds. 1803 E. H. East I. p. xiii This book is cited as MS. Crown cases reserved. 1889 172 Crown Cases Reserved Court. Judges.—The Judges of the High Court of Justice. 1995 A. W. B. Simpson (1996) ix. 254 The solemn legal propriety with which the case was argued and determined by the Court for Crown Cases Reserved was surely a triumph for the ideal of the rule of law. society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > aggregate of sovereign states under one rule > Commonwealth or former British Empire > dominion or colony of > types of 1824 17 Mar. He wished to know then whether Government intended that the use of the whip upon females should be put down in all the Colonies. He knew it was in all the Crown Colonies. 1889 433/1 Hong Kong..the colony is a Crown colony. 1944 C. A. Petioni in E. F. Frazier & E. Williams iv. 37 Legislatures exist in the Crown Colonies, but the majority of their membership is nominated. 2006 P. Harris ii. 169 The Crown finally settled claims to the Caribbee colonies by turning them into Crown colonies. 1893 30 Apr. The Crown cork bottle, in which their beer is put on the market, is the greatest and withal the simplest invention of the century. 1897 11 Jan. 1/1 The company will manufacture the Crown Corks, and supply them, together with Bottling Machines. 1956 19 July 3/6 (advt.) Enjoy Tennent's Lager Beer and Strong Ale—and save the crown cork tops for a valuable free gift! 2006 B. Taylor in D. P. Steen & P. R. Ashurst iii. 51 When introduced, the crown cork had the advantages of both lower cost and..greater hygiene than other types of closure. 1771 ‘P. Anglicanus’ 4 The Crown Counsel tell them the Defendant is charged with the crime of a Libel. 1812 May 393/2 The Crown Counsel proceeded to the examination of witnesses. 1926 10 Nov. 1360 The Attorney General, Solicitor General and Crown Counsel or any Advocate appointed to represent the Government..shall take precedence. 2010 T. M. Gardiner lv. 228 Crown Counsel gave his opening remarks explaining briefly the evidence the Prosecution planned to present. society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > criminal court society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > local or town court > in Liverpool and Manchester society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > high court 1660 T. W. (title) The clerk of Assize, judges-marshall, and cryer: being the true Manner and Form of the proceedings at the Assizes and Generall Goale-Delivery, both in the Crown Court, and Nisi Prius Court. 1792 T. Ruggles 248 The anguish of mind the miserable culprit experiences, while his defence is managed at the Bar of the Crown Court. 1842 12 Nov. 1087/1 Mr. Phillips was exclusively a criminal lawyer: his practice was confined to the Old Bailey, the London Police-offices, and the Crown Courts of the Oxford Circuit. 1904 3 Dec. 641/1 The Court of trial has an absolute discretion to grant or refuse a case when the trial takes place in the Crown Court at assizes or at sessions. 1955 23 June 319 Clause 1 establishes the new courts, which are termed ‘Crown Courts’. 1970 19 Nov. 1250 Judges of the Crown Court..will consist of the High Court Judges, the existing county court judges, the official referees and all full-time judges with criminal jurisdiction above the level of the stipendiary magistrates. 2013 R. J. Terrill (ed. 8) i. 57 Crown courts exist in approximately 78 cities, but the Lord Chancellor has the power to order a court to sit anywhere. 1587 J. Higgins (new ed.) i. Rudacke f. 49v Sith stories all doe tell in euery age How these crowne croachers come to shamefull ends. 1609 T. Heywood xvi. xcii. 432 He..his neere Neece upon his Crowne-day rauisht. 1711 J. Bingham III. viii. v. 163 Some Festivals among them were..called Crown Days,..because the Emperors were used to go in their Regalia to the great Church of Sancta Sophia. 1807 T. Johnes tr. J. de Joinville II. iii. 73 Eadmer..calls these festivals ‘the king's crown days’, because he then wore his crown. 1860 W. Gibson xiv. 273 The assistant barrister has almost nothing to do on the Crown day. 1889 F. M. Nichols tr. 163 In the entry of the basilica of Saint Zacchary Pope, after receiving the lauds of the cardinals and judges, as in other crown-days, he..is received by the Primicerius. 1933 29 Apr. 7/1 ‘Crown Day’ at the Quarter Sessions here used to be a regular feast of oratory. 1953 6 636 The bemused wanderer, if he went to court on a crown-day and stood in the presence of God's representative on earth, would surely have to ask a bystander whether it was the true ruler of the world he beheld. 1979 6 Jan. 10 Preliminary Crown Day and Appeals from Magistrates' Courts Mon. 29 January Mon. 11 June (for Appeals only) [etc.]. society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [noun] > a debt > other types of debt 1641 xii. 28 I see not how he shall well escape, when pursued in the Exchequer to make up this Crowne debt out of his owne purse. ?1696 C. Tooker sig. Cv State Disbursements and Accompts, Crown Rents, Propositions to pay Crown Debts, about the Exchequer Affairs, Banks, Proposals of Annual Revenues. 1749 14 Nov. 1/1 The Crown Debts..are not yet to be paid off. 1818 W. Cruise (ed. 2) I. 515 An assignment of a term for years will not protect a purchaser from a crown debt. 1925 Bankruptcy Ordinance iii. §35.1, in 20 In the distribution of the property of a bankrupt there shall be paid in priority to all other debts:—(a) All Crown debts and local rates due from the bankrupt at the date of the receiving order, [etc.]. 2006 59 638 In the mid-1580s his crown debts alone had risen to £11,000. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > English porcelain 1855 1 Aug. 223/1 When the D and anchor were used, the ware so marked was termed Chelsea-Derby, and Crown-Derby when the other mark was adopted. 1872 C. Schreiber (1911) I. 168 We found some charming Crown Derby custard cups and covers. 1900 E. Glyn 227 When he saw the best Crown Derby smashed on the floor. 2010 (Nexis) 24 Dec. 12 What upset him most of all was a broken Crown Derby dish that he had won in a whist drive. 1875 28 121 The diamonds on the inside of the crown drill had very little pressure upon them. 1901 Oct. 1556/1 The drilling tool is a cast-steel crown drill, with six radial cutters, and measures 3 in. in diameter and 8 in. in length. 1999 H. U. Cameron in James V. Bono xiv. 285 A straight stem can be removed by means of an extended trochanteric osteotomy, implant section, and a crown drill or hollow mill. 1844 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke v. iii. 306/1 They demanded the punishment of the ‘German-French’, the ‘crown-eaters’ [Ger. ‘Kronenfresser’]. 1906 C. Dandliker & E. J. Benton in H. C. Lodge XIII. 433 (note) These were styled risings against the ‘crown eaters’ (Kronenfresser), i. e., against those in the Council who were suspected of taking bribes in French money—crowns. 2002 P. E. Selwyn tr. V. Groebner v. 122 Because of its officially anti-French stance, Basel was spared the violent assaults on genuine or presumed crown eaters or flesh-sellers in the revolts of 1513 and 1515. 1790 8 24 Dig up, in the beginning of October, some Potatoes... Amongst the largest will be found some that have, in different parts, different degrees of moisture, the least at the butt, and the most at the crown end. 1848 Dec. 277/1 Hold the scion in your left hand by the upper or crown end. 1851 H. Stephens (ed. 2) I. 630/2 The sets should be cut with a sharp knife, be pretty large in size, and taken from the rose or crown end of the tubers. 1954 63 31 The crown end of the tuber was chewed and gave much starchy food. 2005 (Nexis) 11 Nov. d5 To remove seeds easily, cut crown end off pomegranate, then lightly score rind from top to bottom five or six times around the fruit. society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > in charge of horses or stables 1814 23 Sept. Detmering, Esq., of Cumberland Lodge, one of the Crown Equerries at Hanover. 1837 5 Oct. The Marquis of Headfort..and Sir George Quintin (Crown Equerry) were also in attendance. 2006 C. Dart-Thornton (e-book ed.) The crown equerry said, ‘Furthermore,..from this night forward, at the king's command, the people of Narngalis must stay behind locked doors at nights.’ 2018 mirror.co.uk (Nexis) 21 Nov. Family members who have been invited to spend the holiday with the Queen and Prince Philip are told by the Crown Equerry in what order they are to arrive at Sandringham House and at exactly what time. 1725 in G. Burnet Index James..broke the greatness of the Crown by giving away the Crown Estates. 1826 10 June 687 The crown estate, or rather the public estate, for such in reality it is, is worth much nearer two millions sterling a year. 1958 8 119 It may have had in Persian times the special status of a crown-estate, the incomes from which went to the Persian satrap. 1997 J. Roberts 457/2 There is today only limited access between the two areas, although they are both part of the Crown Estate. 2010 10 Mar. (Life section) 2/4 In the window..is an unctuous notice from the Crown Estate in that blithering, affectless prose adopted by corporate PR people. 1969 34 431/1 An equivalent amount of 0.2 M crown ether-KOH complex in benzene was used as the hydrolysis medium. 1988 18 Feb. 599/2 The cations are alkali metal cations complexed by cyclic or bicyclic polyethers of the crown ether or cryptand classes. 2003 (Nexis) 18 Apr. 28 Crown ethers, used as host molecules, can either encircle (think doughnut) or fold around (think taco) a guest molecule. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > destructive > bush or forest fire 1893 J. Nisbet tr. H. Fürst iii. iv. 233 Forest fires may occur in many different forms, but they are usually distinguishable either as ground-fires.., or else as conflagrations or crown-fires, assuming the form of vast flames centred in and devouring the leaf-canopy formed by the crowns of the trees. 1938 J. E. Weaver & F. E. Clements (ed. 2) ii. 47 Crown fires race through the tops of the trees at a high rate of speed. 1998 9 Mar. 58/3 A strain of multi-drug-resistant Black Death might be able to amplify itself through a human population,..culminating in a biological crown fire in the human species. 2003 24 Aug. 9/4 Officials ordered 20,000 people to flee..as the forest fire leapt from treetop to treetop. ‘It's almost impossible to stop a crown fire that's moving like this one.’ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > herring 1854 22 Feb. 5/4 The sale of a few hundred barrels of crown fulls from Lybster, at 20s 6d per barrel. 1892 16 Sept. 3/6 Not a single barrel of crown fulls has been branded this summer. 1901 T. P. Ollason 23 May the silver-sided crownfulls Weigh your nets at every dip. 1938 5 Sept. 3/3 There is a fairly good demand for cured herrings, especially crown fulls and crown matfulls. 1868 III. 473/1 Crown-gate. 1875 E. H. Knight II. 1085/1 Head-gate (Hydraulic Engineering), (a) one of the upper pair of gates of a canal-lock. (b) a crown-gate, flood-gate, water-gate, by which water is admitted to a race, run, sluice, etc. 1915 15 May 57/2 Also..5 10-inch and 3 8-inch sewer pipe intakes with crown gates. 2010 N. E. McTigue & J. M. Symons (ed. 2) Crown gate, a canal-lock head gate. the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > bacterial diseases 1894 7 377 In California this disease is sometimes designated the ‘crown gall’, from the frequency of its appearance at the surface of the earth, and this name is, perhaps, as good as any, although the disease is not confined to this part of the tree. 1950 Mar. 229/3 Crown gall (Bacterium tumefaciens) in Chinese gooseberries is invariably associated with plants that have been propagated by root grafting or from cuttings. 1999 T. Komari & T. Kubo in I. K. Vasil iv. 44 The formation of a crown gall involves a complex molecular process. 2000 Sept. 27/3 Crown gall typically infects Vitis vinifera cultivars grown in the eastern United States. 1838 1/2 As the shafts vary from a straight line they operate as a bevel-gear until they arrive ar a right angle, when they operate on the principle of a crown-gear. 1918 F. D. Jones ii. 49 The crown gear..has several concentric rows of teeth. 2007 D. Erlewine (ed. 3) vi. 69 When you turn the tuner knob, you're turning a worm gear that's meshing with a crown gear connected to the string post. society > trade and finance > money > coining > [noun] > metal used for coining c1530 R. Amadas in J. Gutch (1781) II. 287 For every ounce channge of the golde betwene corone golde and fine golde iiijs. iiijd. 1622 G. de Malynes iii. xviii. 486 By aduancing the Valuation of gold..in England, when Crowne gold was valued from fiftie fiue shillings the ounce to three pound. 1712 E. Hatton 130 Fine Gold to Crown Gold, is in Value, As 1 to .9167. 1845 J. Taylor 4 The true pound sterling is a gold coin of the full weight of 5 dwts. 3 grains of crown gold. 1963 E. V. Morgan (ed. 2) iv. 87 Now the unit weighed 154·8 gr. and the crown gold of which it was made was rated a little higher even than in the Scottish coins. the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > grafting > place where graft inserted 1706 G. London & H. Wise I. ii. xii. 169 The Crown-Graft [Fr. la greffe en couronne]is no ways injurious to an old Stock, not great Boughs, and least of all the young Wildings you graft upon. 1727 R. Bradley (Dublin ed.) at Grafting A Crown-graft is very easy to be put in between the Wood and the Rind of the Tree you would graft upon. 1891 71/1 I am in favor of a crown graft with a root of considerable length—from four to six inches, anyway. 1917 Mar. 246/2 As for the crown graft, we take off our hat to it; one takes very little chance with a Crown graft. 2004 A. Fabbri et al. iv. 62 The most-used grafting technique is the crown graft, carried out in early to mid-spring on branches with a diameter greater than 5 cm. the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > grafting > other methods of grafting 1706 G. London & H. Wise I. ii. xii. 159 I shall only mention Three different Sorts of Grafting, viz. Scutcheon-grafting, Slit-grafting, and Crown-grafting [Fr. trois differentes sortes de greffes..celle en couronne]. 1728 E. Chambers at Engrafting Crown-Grafting, is when four or more Grafts, are placed round the Stock, between the Bark and the Rind, somewhat in the Manner of a Crown. 1886 91 The difference between crown grafting and root-grafting, is in using a piece of a root to make the foundation of a tree in place of a whole root. 1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland (ed. 2) i. xiii. 102 Crown grafting is very useful in orange culture, especially when it is desired to graft sweet oranges on to large and old sour orange stock. 2009 S. Ram & R. E. Litz in R. E. Litz (ed. 2) xi. 383 Rind or crown grafting is a cumbersome method and is not often used in commercial nurseries. 1979 R. P. S. Jefferies in M. R. House xvii. 443 The term ‘crown group’ (as opposed to ‘stem group’) is proposed for the latest common ancestor of the living members of a monophyletic group, plus all descendants of that ancestor. 1991 40 298/2 It has not been established that this fossil lies within the Ambystoma crown group. 2004 29 July 506/2 A distinction can then be made between the crown group (the descendants of the last common ancestor of all the living members of the phylum, including this ancestor) and the stem group (everything else). ?1700 (single sheet) I've nothing to do with Crown Heads, unless it be to render them their Due. 1831 24 July A and B play a game at Draughts; A gains his ‘crown head’ by taking one of B's men. 1870 Sept. 185/1 The auld crown-heads used to be brought low sometimes, a fate that'll nae betide king Robert. 1908 2 137 These men are placed in two rows on each side the crown heads being vacant. 1952 (new ed.) 253/1 Crown,..in draughts, to convert into a king or crowned man by placing another draught on the top on reaching the crown-head. 2002 (Nexis) 10 Apr. (World section) 14 Canadian Doug Fee was among the few who had a seat at the Queen Mother's funeral Tuesday, a commoner amid the crown heads of Europe. a1628 F. Greville (1652) ix. 112 By an unexpected union to become such frontier neighbours to this Crown-hunter. 1864 W. F. Collier i. v. 68 Canute was a mere crown-hunter from beyond the seas. 1879 J. C. Brown tr. Ordinance for Public Schools Forestry in Kingdom of Sweden in iii. 35 What is laid down about the dwellings of Crown hunters shall determine the same as to forest overseers. 1900 104 Poor old Spain, denuded of royal males, was the prey of all the crown-hunters of Europe. 2004 J. R. Carr iv. 54 He also apparently worked as a forest warden and then a ‘Crown Hunter’, officially harvesting game from the national forests. 1903 2 264 In each case the existence of a Crown immunity or Crown privilege is the foundation of the defence. 1978 1 Feb. 7/6 It could be argued that the Crown was a party to the agreements and the doctrine of Crown immunity applied. 2006 (Nexis) 20 Jan. 13 Jones is pressing the government to make substantial reforms to the laws of crown immunity so that public sector workers can be prosecuted. 1780 (rev. ed.) I. 396/1 A crown-knot. 1879 v. 366 The double wall and double crown knots are easily made from the above, the ends being previously whipped. 1961 F. H. Burgess 64 Crown knot, a knot made on the end of a rope to commence a back splice, or to form a larger knot. 2012 D. Pawson 331 (caption) Continue to tie Crown Knots in alternate directions as required. society > law > branch of the law > [noun] > criminal 1647 F. Wortley (broadsheet) Hee's firme both to the Church and Crown, The Crown Law and the Canon. 1722 in G. Lamoine (1992) 162 I have spoken so fully in my Two Last Charges..which are..a short Compendium of the Crown-Law. 1769 W. Blackstone IV. 3 Our crown-law is with justice supposed to be more nearly advanced to perfection. 1844 J. F. Archbold i. i. 12 The many alterations in the crown law, introduced in the late and present reigns. 1912 F. Pollock vi. 89 Our fathers laboured and strove chiefly in the field of Crown law to work out those ideals of public law and liberty which are embodied in the Bill of Rights. 2002 75 227 The tribes were dispossessed of all or almost all of their lands..through sales to private purchasers in violation of tribal and Crown law. society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > lawyer dealing with specific type of business 1738 20 May 92 In a late Case, (the Riot of Glasgow) being in the King's Will, was construed, by the Crown Lawyers, as the same Thing with a Capital Punishment. 1771 O. Goldsmith IV. xxxvii. 25 The crown-lawyers received directions to prosecute them for a seditious libel. 1849 T. B. Macaulay II. vi. 65 It was necessary for the protection of the rights of the crown that one at least of the crown lawyers should be a man of learning, ability, and experience. 1920 Ld. Shaw Let. 3 Oct. in (1921) xxix. 188 The Crown lawyers..showed the grasp and grit which became their high office. 2004 H. Kennedy (2005) iii. 75 Meanwhile the accused had languished in jail and one has to question the judgement of the Crown lawyers and police for letting it go so far. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > other lenses 1764 B. Martin II. 145 The Radius of a Plano-convex Crown-lens that combined with the other, shall prevent any Error from the spherical Figure. 1979 J. Muirden (ed. 4) iv. 64 A flint lens is capable of neutralising to a large extent the colour dispersion of a crown lens (its aberration being the opposite sign). 2007 P. S. Harrington (ed. 4) iii. 28 Achromatic objective lenses, in which a convex crown lens is paired with a concave flint element, go a long way in suppressing chromatic aberration. 1719 i. 18 To Livings not exceeding Ten Pounds per Annum by Lot, two whereof were Crown Livings. 1872 E. Peacock I. iv. 66 The small crown living..was given to him. 1995 6th Ser. 5 78 Richard Dudley garnered three crown livings..in a year and a half at the height of Edmund's career. 1810 D. Hopkins 375/1 The crown lock [translating a Persian word rendered here as ṭġmat]. 1821 J. B. Gilchrist (ed. 2) ii. 151/1 Sikˌha, crown lock of hair. 1846 9 155 The annexed wood-cut, with the small and somewhat depressed nose, shaven head, and crown-lock,..seems clearly to indicate a man of that race [sc. Mongolian]. 1921 C. G. Thomson ix. 132 He sat quietly, smoothing at his stubborn crown lock. 2004 R. Paul iii. viii. 90 Try touching the parts of your body named in parentheses as you pronounce these mantras... Hreem Svaaha (to the head) Hruum Vausat (to the crown-lock) [etc.]. 1832 19 May 6/5 The recess is decorated with antæ, of bold relief, surmounted by an entablature, the crown mouldings of which are carried round the towers. 1923 5 78 The cornice is divided into three parts: the bed mould, the fascia, and the crown moulding or cyma. 1987 W. McPherson (1988) iii. 116 He could have absorbed himself in the details of crown moldings and picture rails and wainscot, and the art of coping. 2004 May (Advertising section) 10/1 The bookshelves, cabinetry, crown moldings, door and window trim, and raised panel wainscoting are all made from ‘lyptus’ wood. 1697 J. Smith 57 (heading) A way in general to take Birds with the Crown-net. 1769 T. Pennant (new ed.) III. iv. 272 The fishermen make use of what is called a crown-net, which is no more than a hemispherical basket, open at top and bottom. 1832 X. 132/1 They [sc. pike] are caught either in what are termed crown nets, or by the hook. 1900 4 366 Crown-nets can only be successfully used in streams free from weeds. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > bee-keeping equipment a1642 H. Best (1984) 65 Make the crowne pinne very rownde and fitte for the crowne of the hive. 1852 C. Casey viii. 160 An iron pin, called a crown pin, which keeps the body of the coach in its position on the frame under all ordinary oscillations. 1887 29 20 (caption) A root, cover, and Logan crown ready to be assembled for the soldering of the crown-pin to the cover. 1914 1 Apr. 387/2 The last quarter is now raised into position, bolted to its adjacent lower quarter, and the crown pin driven. 1920 W. A. Capon iii. 120 The soldering of the tooth pins to the crown pin or dowel. 1987 M. Ondaatje (1988) 34 He stands in the air banging the crown pin into the upper cord. 1652 L. S. xxii. 56 Saul and the Kings of the Family of David were exempted from deposition, and capitall punishment, and forcible resistance, yet not by a common Crown-privilege, but by a speciall grant from God. 1853 May 347 The Committee recommended that the Crown privileges should be relinquished, and that the Crown and the subject should be placed on the same footing. 1930 31 July 11/4 The statements..are confidential documents, and come within the class for which Crown privilege is claimed. 2006 R. Creyke in T. Campbell et al. iv. 107 Crown privilege was exercised vigorously by government to deny access to information. 2007 (Nexis) 4 Feb. 8 He will ‘modernise’ the premiership, ditching the ancient Crown privileges of declaring war, signing treaties and appointing peers and Anglican bishops. 1983 3 Feb. 5/1 A new crown prosecution service independent of the police should be locally based and under the administration of county councils. 1998 21 Sept. 4/2 The editor of a cannabis magazine has accused police and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) of victimisation after being acquitted of growing and supplying the drug. 2009 G. Murphy & I. Clare in S. Young et al. iii. 73 After receiving this report, the Crown Prosecution Service decided that, in the overall circumstances of the case, it would not proceed. 1779 XIV. 214 He had ordered Mr. Jackson, the judge-advocate or crown prosecutor, to attend. 1845 T. Mooney xxv. 1351 A running fire was kept up, during the entire trial, between the crown prosecutor and the eloquent defender of the accused. 1923 18 May 9 It was held..that the Crown Prosecutor..could bring evidence to prove systematic baby-farming on the part of both accused. 2005 F. J. Turner 88/2 Information about the arrest is assessed by a Crown prosecutor who decides whether to proceed to court with the charge. 1611 J. Maxwell Ep. Ded. sig. A3 (heading) To..Sir Iohn Arnot Knight, Lord Prouost of the Royall City of Edinbvrge, and Collector of the Crowne-rents of Scotland. 1710 Irish Ho. Com. 6 June in No. 4706/2 Quit-Rents, Crown-Rents and Composition Rents. 1822 S. Hibbert 319 When Shetland was first annexed to Scotland, the Crown-rents were paid in wadmel and butter. 1900 A. Macdonald & A. Macdonald II. v. 125 For this grant Coll was bound to pay a Crown rent of £12 9s 0d. 2007 J. McCourt vii. 302 They never..took nor demanded..head-rent, quit-rent, crown-rent, dues or duties. the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > roasted meat 1901 (Nat. Horse Show Assoc. Amer.) 24 (advt.) Famous for English Saddle and Crown Roasts. 1916 17 Jan. 9/3 Fill the center of a crown roast with the spaghetti mixture. 1962 Nov. 93/1 Crown roast of lamb. Ingredients: 2 best ends of neck (there are usually 6 cutlets in each). 2010 T. A. Weaver vii. 69 It feels surreal to walk into my own dining room carrying a platter of crown roast, bones topped with little paper frills. the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with crop or food plants > fruit or fruit plants 1888 (Canada Dept. Agric.) 61 The crown rot which so frequently destroys celery in winter. 1904 10 2 A large number of cultures have been made from sugar beets decaying with the typical black crown rot caused by Phoma, and from the peculiar concentric brown leaf spots produced by Phyllosticta upon the leaves of this plant. 1952 E. Ramsden tr. E. Gram & H. Weber iii. 355/1 No part of a plant with any sign of crown rot should be used for planting. 2008 L. L. Strand 101/1 Phytophthora crown rot may be distinguished from other root and crown diseases by the appearance of crown tissue discoloration and decay. the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > rust disease or condition of having 1868 1 May 84/1 The spores belong to three species of Puccinia, viz.: P. graminis, striped rust; P. straminis, spotted rust; and P. coronata, crown rust. 1896 1 78 There are the crown rusts, P. coronata and coronifera, whose life-history has been worked out by Klebahn. 1933 Nov. 351/1 Some years crown rust (Puccinia coronata Corda) on oats amounted to a really serious menace. 1959 A. Beaumont viii. 107 Crown rust is very common, particularly in the autumn in the south and west of England and Wales. 2005 M. O. Humphreys 118 Evidence for physiological race variation has been demonstrated for P. coronata f.sp. avenae, the causative organism of crown rust in oat. society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > saw > [noun] > crown-saw 1749 T. Gataker tr. H. F. Le Dran 4 Sometimes we perforate the bone, as with a crown saw [Fr. une espece de scie faite en couronne], called a trepan. 1852 C. Tomlinson (1854) I. 145/2 The flakes are made circular, and their centres pierced by means of a crown saw which has a centrebit in the axis. 1937 S. Lister 13 Crown saws, or barrel saws, are used for cutting circular blocks from planks. 2006 J. Kirkup xx. 295/2 By the eighteenth century, crown saws had removable centering pins that acted as perforators. 1653 W. Blith (new ed.) xxxix. 251 The best sets are your Crown sets or heads got from the very top of the root a little shived down. 1857 Mar. 90 For seed, choose good-sized well-ripened Potatoes, and lay them in a dry place, until they sprout; then cut them carefully, and plant the crown sets by themselves, as they contain much better and more matured eyes than the side sets. 1913 15 Mar. 16/1 We have found that pinching out the tops may make the first ripening fruits a week to ten days later than crown sets, but the quantity is increased three-fold at least. 1765 G. Jacob 24 This must be engrossed on an half crown sheet of paper. 1818 A. Abbot Diary 8 Dec. in (1967) 68 133 Left the package with Mrs. S. containing a letter to Pres. Kirkland..& another to I. E. Sprague of Salem, inclosing a crown sheet to my wife. 1844 D. Lardner 19 The fire box is constructed of the best quality iron, 5-16 thick, the crown of which is supported by 8 cast iron stay bars..secured to the crown sheet by 1 inch bolts. 1927 18 433 The dropping of crown sheets due to overheating by reason of the insulating effect of heavy scale deposits was not uncommon. 1964 54 12 It was a four-page newspaper, first printed on a crown sheet, then on demy. 2003 J. P. Lamb 17 When the water level surrounding the furnace dropped below the top of the crown sheet, the structure could weaken and cause the boiler to explode. 1761 R. Dodsley 70 The Gondola Shells, the Persian Crowns, and many Shells that resemble Figs and other Fruit, are deposited under this title [sc. Bulla].] 1762 R. Dodsley (ed. 2) Index Persian Crown Shell. 1772 R. Brookes (ed. 2) III. 175 The Æthiopian Crown Shell is about three inches long. 1854 W. H. Smyth ii. 206 (table) [Conus] monachus. Cappuccinu. Crown-shell. 1885 S. Fallows Crown-shell, a barnacle. 1898 5 13/1 (advt.) Melongena corona, Crown Shell, from Fla., 24c doz. 1980 H. S. Feinberg tr. B. Sabelli 70 Whelks or Crown Shells (Melongena). 1563 J. Foxe 1036/1 The whole crownshoren company brought to vtter shame. ?1630 T. Adams 787 These fires haue beene kindled in a Land of peace, though many teares haue been showred vpon them... Yea, and will be still, so long as that crowne-shorne generation can transport their burning quils into England. 1826 23 May 376/2 No more thy [sc. Tintern Abbey's] walls will shelter crown-shorn guests. 1920 29 June 15/1 These men [sc. Lenin and Trotsky] to-day ironically symbolize the two crown-shorn heads of the pitifully bedraggled Russian eagle. society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > criminal court > criminal side of court 1680 W. Lawrence ii. 279 In England they use to send two Judges in every Circuit, because one sits on Civil Causes in the Nisi prius side by himself, and the other on Criminals, in the Crown side of the Town-Hall where they come. 1688 (title) The proceedings of the home-circuit on the King's commission of the Crown side, at the several assizes, (viz.) Hartford, Brentwood, Croydon, East-Grensted, and Rochester. 1713 W. Bohun (ed. 2) 15 The Crown Side..takes Cognizance of all Criminal Matters, (wherein the King is Plaintiff). 1768 W. Blackstone III. 42 The former in what is called the crown-side or crown-office; the latter in the plea-side of the court. 1844 A. B. Corner (title) Forms of writs and other proceedings on the Crown side of the Court of Queen's Bench: with practical directions. 1905 in H. F. Reddall x. 125 The residents in the neighborhood had..retained counsel,..and the case proceeded before the Court of Queen's Bench (crown side). 2011 (Nexis) 1 Dec. a9 We'll see as the matters progress.., whether more resources need to be applied from the Crown side. society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > lawyer dealing with specific type of business 1779 anno 1743 1 584/1 The Indictments and other Papers.., which were lodged with the Clerk of the Parliaments by Order of the House, shall be by him given to the Crown-Solicitor. 1845 Suppl. I. 443/1 In Ireland there are officers called crown solicitors attached to each circuit, whose duty it is to get up every case for the crown in criminal prosecutions. 1929 D. Byrne ii. 41 Sir Patrick Coll, Chief Crown Solicitor,..promised to stay proceedings. 2011 (Nexis) 21 Apr. 7 Reforms to the justice sector have led to an $11 million cost blowout to pay Crown solicitors. 1535 1 Macc. xi. 35 The customes of salt and crowne taxes [Gk. τοὺς..στεφάνους]. 1611 1 Macc. x. 29 I release all the Iewes from..crowne taxes [Gk. ἀπὸ τῶν στεφάνων] . View more context for this quotation 1705 T. B. in H. Newcome i. 121 Nor would he think he satisfy'd the Law of Paying the Crown-Tax, if he paid only a Piece of Lead stamp'd with the Dye of a Crown. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching IV. 37 The two last Emperors, Charles VI. and VII. have endeavoured to introduce again..the crown-taxes, which the Jews in the Roman Empire were formerly obliged to pay. 1844 J. Gregg I. vi. 118 A salary of 8,000 ducats of Castile per annum—the privilege of working mines exempt from the usual crown-tax. 1907 B.P. Grenfell et al. II. 188 The crown-tax, for which 5½ obols 1 chalcus are paid. 2006 59 496 The main issue of freeholders in Sweden..was to keep the crown taxes and tithes unalterable. 1823 P. Nicholson Gloss. at Tile Plane-tiles and Crown-tiles are of a rectangular form. 1869 F. Fitzwygram i. i. 21 In lieu of them [sc. louvre boards] the crown tile may be simply raised along the whole length of the ridge of the roof. 1902 R. Sturgis et al. III. 805 Ridge Tile...Otherwise called crown tiles. 1953 T. Öz p. vii The crown tiles of the Suleymaniye Mosque. society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > prop or support 1449 Contract in R. Willis & J. W. Clark (1886) II. 10 (MED) With a crown tree ix inch of brede viij inch thik. 1466 Contract 25 June in R. Willis & J. W. Clark (1886) III. 93 From euery beme a leyrn stood with .ij. braces into the beme and .ij. into the crownetree which shal lye vpon the said studdes. 1634 J. Levett 19 If you put your crowne-tree through the crowne of your Hive, you must make it somewhat the longer. 1761 J. Waddington 43 To repair Middle fen bridge... For 1 piece for the crown tree, 10 feet long, 9 inches by 8½, contents 5 feet, 11s. 8d. 1797 J. Curr 31 1 Estimate of the Expence of the Jinney aboveground, and Scantling for the Wood... 1 Crown tree, 4 feet 10 inches long, and 3½ inches square 1s. 0d. 1805 R. W. Dickson I. Pl. xxiv to face p. 64 Mills... The shaft runs through the crown tree or cross bar at the top of the frame, on which is the horizontal flywheel and crank. 1849 G. C. Greenwell 20 Crowntrees are best made of larch, as being most durable. 1914 R. A. S. Redmayne III. iv. 104 Three sets of timber (‘pairs of gears’, each consisting of a ‘plank’ or ‘crown-tree’ set horizontally and supported by a prop at each end) were kept across the face to protect the coal hewers. 1957 S. Freese ii. 21 They can rest on an inwardly inclined rebate on the crown-tree, and can be secured there with dog-irons or rods and bolts. 1994 E. A. Labrum (1998) iii. 100 It is carried by two vertical members instead of the usual horizontal side girts at each end of the crowntree. 1900 404/1 Crown tuber, a tuber of which the top is stem and the lower part root, as the radish. 1944 G. B. Ramsey & J. S. Wiant (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 41 The carrot (Daucus carota L.) is grown for its elongated edible crown tuber or fleshy taproot. 1980 28 263/1 Dwarf spikerush..reproduces by achenes, subterranean tubers, and crown tubers. 1841 J. S. Russell 168 The last valve which we shall describe is the crown-valve, or equilibrium-valve, which is in use on the Cornish engine, and has also been introduced into rotative engines. 1920 D. S. Beyer (new ed.) xi. 79 When a boiler is taken off the line, the crown valve, feed-water, and blow-off valves should be locked. 2003 K. J. Moss (ed. 2) v. 116 Steam is generated from water within the boiler under its own pressure with the crown and isolating valves closed until steam is present and the required operating pressure is reached. 1846 E. B. Elliott (ed. 2) I. i. i. 129 The triumph and triumphal crown-wearing having been from the time of Augustus all but withdrawn as too great an honour, from subordinate generals. 1870 W. Stubbs III. 247 The day and place recall the Easter crown-wearing of William the Conqueror at Winchester. 2002 (Nexis) 27 May 18 Dress code for the party is red, white and blue, and there will be Union Jack T-shirts on sale... I have also heard that crown-wearing will definitely be encouraged. 2011 T. Borman (2012) xii. 155 At one of his crown-wearings, William was seated on his throne, magnificently dressed in gold and jewels. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > a witness > prosecution witness 1745 C. Fearne 25 I have the Testimony of five of the Crown Witnesses. 1859 C. Dickens ii. v. 58 You were very sound..in the matter of those crown witnesses to-day. 1993 7 Aug. 21/1 Within days of the start of the trial he changed his plea to guilty, turned Crown witness and gave evidence against Richardson. b. In the names of plants and birds. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > other berry-bushes and their fruit 1798 C. Cruttwell III. at Wernigerode The mountains afford very valuable plants, with berries of various kinds, particularly crown-berries, of which great quantities are preserved. 1907 T. R. Sim 132 ‘Crownberry’ is in use at East London, and may have originated in the crown-like calyx of D[ovyalis] rhamnoides. 1962 J. M. Watt & M. G. Breyer-Brandwijk (ed. 2) 1386/3 Dovyalis rhamnoides...Cape cranberry, Cranberry, Crownberry. 2003 G. Walker (2004) 215 It is surrounded by the barrens: blasted, treeless heaths covered with mosses, lichens and tart crown berries. 1817 A. Eaton 95 Verbesina..sigesbackia, (crown-beard). 1915 Feb. 60/1 There are several species of crown-beard, some of which have white blossoms. 2002 B. Medina & V. Medina 92 Crown Beards are very common along the Blue Ridge Parkway from Virginia to North Carolina. 1699 12 Apr. A Crown Bird, a Porcupine,..and a collection of all sorts of Rarities from the East and West Indies, are to be seen at the sign of the Fox over against Hosier-lane. 1705 tr. W. Bosman xv. 266 We call them Crown birds [Du. kroonvogels], because some have a beautiful Blew, and others a Gold-coloured Crown or Tuft on their Heads. ?a1775 W. Bartram Trav. Georgia & Florida in (1943) 33 166 The Crown bird garulus crestata appears here at times the whole Year. 1797 G. Staunton I. vii. 249 The most familiar bird about the house of the Embassador's host was the crown bird, as it was called at Batavia, which was not however the ardea pavonina of Linnæus, but the columba cristata, having nothing, except its crest, in common with the former. 1831 R. Jameson (rev. ed.) I. 270 In some parts of the country they [sc. ‘cedar birds’, Bombycilla] are called crown birds; in others cherry birds. 1888 A. Newton in XXIII. 487/1 (note) Touracos were called ‘Crown-birds’ by the Europeans in West Africa. 1910 W. S. Sichel 420 Captain Langford brought back for her from Africa a crown-bird and a civet cat. 1913 25 Aug. 11/5 Mr. T. H. Bonell has presented to the Zoological Gardens four examples of the West African crowned crane (Balearica pavonina)... The distinctive feature, indicated by the popular name ‘crown-bird’, is the presence on the head of a velvety cap almost black in colour, and decorated with a spreading crest of hair-like plumes. 1973 W. Soyinka xii. 229 A few crown birds sought grass seeds among these, stepping delicately through like stick-insects on swamp surface. 1795 20 Apr. 7/4 Part of the capital Collection of Birds and Beasts now exhibiting at the Grand Menagerie, over Exeter 'Change, Strand:—A wonderful Male Elephant,..a Royal Crown Crane; [etc.]. 1894 G. H. Portal & R. Rodd i. v. 110 Of birds, the guinea-fowl, the florican, and, above all, the crown crane, are all worthy of a place of honour. 1998 S. Brooke 25 (caption) An African crown crane. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > chrysanthemums 1875 26 June 485/2 The seedlings from the Crown Daisy partake of its character, but they vary in colour. 1876 Mar. 63 The Crown Daisy is a late-blooming variety, and as such, is of little value when early displays are wanted. 1901 H. Roberts 103 The blue feathery Love-in-a-mist (Nigella), and the pale-buff Crown Daisy (Chrysanthemum coronarium). 2002 L. Hodgson 79 Crown daisy has a long tradition of use as a vegetable in Asia. the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > hard ferns 1849 Dec. 661/2 Enormous crown ferns, spreading their circular fans. 1960 B. Crump 12 A skinny old sow trotted out of the crown-fern above me. 2006 J. Dufresne 303/2 The track begins to wind through an impressive growth of tree ferns; crown ferns carpet the forest floor. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pea > other types of pea or pea-plant 1726 B. Townsend 5 The Rose Pea, or Crown Pea, brings a Bunch of Peasecods on the Top of the Plant, and no where else. 1872 11 May The Crown pea, which is a medium sort of fine quality stands up so well and matures so evenly it can usually be cut with a mower. 1917 56 549 Varieties studied... Purple Sugar Pea, Purple-podded Pea,..Crown pea, etc. 1864 A. H. R. Grisebach 783/1 Crown-palm: Maximiliana caribæa. 1890 3667/3 M. Caribæa is the crown-palm of some of the West Indies. 1936 B. E. Dahlgren 338 Crown Palm (Broadw.), Maximiliana elegans Karst.—Trinidad. the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > genus Goura 1822 4 50 The Lions at Exeter Change; the Crown Pigeon from the East Indies.., and a few others, which we cannot enumerate, are deserving attention. 1855 J. Wilson Let. in J. Hamilton (1859) viii. 313 A gigantic foreign species called the Goura, or Crown pigeon. 1922 C. R. Aiken viii. 84 The gourah is a species of pigeon, living upon the ground and known as the crown-pigeon. 2011 E. J. Lewandowski 123/2 Goura feather, dainty, short feather from crown pigeon. 1879 23 Aug. 5/2 Give me only a Crown sparrow to feed, and I shall be able to keep a coach and three.] 1882 E. Coues (ed. 2) 57 (list) Zonotrichia albicollis... White-throated Crown Sparrow. 2003 W. L. Dawson 65 Harris Sparrow... Zonotrichia querula (Nutt.). Synonym: Hooded Crown Sparrow. 2011 G. T. McGourty 161/1 Of course, some birds, both native and introduced, feed on winegrapes and can be pests of vineyards, including..European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and crown sparrows (Zonotrichia spp.). 1629 J. Parkinson 333 At the toppe of euery branch there breaketh out a great whitish round prickly head..and doth so well resemble the bald crowne of a Frier..it deseruedly receiued the name of the Friers Crowne Thistle.] 1706 (new ed.) Crown-thistle or Friers Crown-thistle, a sort of Herb. 1785 (ed. 6) Crown-thistle, [corona imperialis.] A flower. 1883 II. ii Crown-thistle, the name given by Johnson to a plant which he calls Corona imperialis... He bestows the same name on the Crown imperial. 1889 Crown imperial, a liliaceous garden plant... Also called crown-thistle. 1836 (P. Lawson & Son) 167 (heading) Coronilla—Crown Vetch. 1939 H. H.Bennett xviii. 417 Crown vetch has a trailing, compact habit of growth and a tenacious root system. 2001 (Nexis) 24 July a10 Lancastrian Charles Wolf wonders who else has noticed the yellow crown vetch growing along sections of Route 30. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). crownv.1 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: crown n. Etymology: < crown n. Compare Anglo-Norman coruner , curuner , corouner , coronner , crouner , Anglo-Norman and Old French coroner , Anglo-Norman and Middle French coronner , Middle French, French couronner to invest (a person) with royal power by placing a crown on their head (c1100), to honour with a wreath, (in religious contexts) to glorify (a person or thing), to give (a person) a tonsure (all 12th cent), to adorn (an object) with a wreath (early 13th cent.), to reward with a prize (1680), and classical Latin corōnāre to place a crown, wreath, or garland upon the head of, to surround, encircle, in post-classical Latin also to honour (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), to give (a person) a tonsure (from 8th cent. in British sources), to adorn (10th cent.), to invest with the regal crown (frequently from 11th cent. in British sources) < corōna crown n. Compare also Old Occitan coronar, Catalan coronar (c1200), Spanish coronar (13th cent.), Portuguese coroar (13th cent.), Italian coronare (early 13th cent.); Middle Dutch crōnen (Dutch kronen), Middle Low German krȫnen, Middle High German krœ̄nen, krōnen (German krönen), Old Swedish kryna and ( < Middle Low German) Old Swedish kröna (Swedish kröna); Early Irish corónaigid (Irish corónaigh), Welsh †coronhau (first half of the 14th cent.), coroni (1346).In sense 8 after ancient Greek ἐπιστέϕειν to crown, used in Homer (in the medio-passive, ἐπιστέϕεσθαι) in the sense ‘to fill (goblets with wine)’. In Old English the prefixed form gecorōnian to crown (compare y- prefix) is attested in an isolated instance (compare sense 2a):OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) v. 13 Þu us gecoronadest and geweorðadest, and us gescyldst mid þam scylde þinre welwilnesse [L. scuto bonae voluntatis tuae coronasti nos]. I. General senses. 1. a. To place a crown, coronet, etc., on the head of, as a symbol of newly acquired sovereignty or royal status; to invest with sovereignty or regal power by coronation. Also: to place a crown, etc., on or around (the head). Sometimes in mockery or jest.c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 7125 Forr nass he [sc. Herod] nohht þurrh godess follc. O godess hallfe crunedd. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 3934 In þe oþer half þe quene was of erchebissops al so Ylad & ycrouned ek, as riȝt was uor to do. 1509 (de Worde) sig. A.v Crowned after kynge Harry Thus was Rycharde. 1543 ( (1812) 87 To tyme that kynges of Englande afterward Should coroned bee. 1610 G. Fletcher 72 To crowne his head, That was before with thornes degloried. 1648 M. Prideaux & J. Prideaux 237 He marches to Rome,..is Crowned by the reestablished Pope. 1745 T. Salmon (new ed.) II. 518/1 The French Lords sent for Lewis the son of Charles the Simple from England..and crowned him at Rheims. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke (ed. 2) I. 83 If the emperor desired to be crowned there. 1978 V. Cronin xii. 134 Soon after seizing power Elizabeth had gone to Moscow to be anointed and crowned. 2012 A. Jackson ii. v. 153 Charles II was the last king to be crowned in Scotland. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 121 (MED) Mid þornene crune his heaued wes icruned. c1300 St. Thomas Apostle (Laud) 256 in C. Horstmann (1887) 384 (MED) To þis holie Man huy brouȝten..cloþingue..For-to cloþi him ase an heiȝh kyng, and crouni him with golde. c1390 in C. Brown (1924) 196 (MED) Vn-to þi sone þou calle and cry, Crist crounet wiþ kene þorn. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. clxiv. f. lxxxxiiiv The sayde Pope..Crownyd hym with ye Imperyall Dyademe, and denouncid hym as Emperoure. 1562 W. Turner f. 115 A Rhamnus..was called Christes thorne, as though Christe had bene crouned with rhamnus. ?1573 H. Cheke tr. F. Negri v. ii. 170 The Pope is crowned with gold and precious stones, for worldly glorie and monarchical maiestie. 1643 R. Baker i. 94 Walter the Arch-bishop in the Cathedrall Church..girt him with the Ducall sword of Normandy, and Crowned him with a Coronet of Golden Roses. 1651 T. Hobbes iii. xxxv. 219 Hee was crowned in scorn with a crown of thornes. 1737 Dec. 405 He was the first who assumed the Stile of Czar, when he was crowned with the Crown of Casan. a1869 J.C. Philpot (1885) 89 It is a crown that your Master bore before you when they crowned his head with thorns. 1938 H. Norris III. iii. iii. 440 She was crowned with three crowns, one for England, one for France, and one for Ireland. 2009 K. L.G. Lüddecke tr. A. Winterling i. ii. 9 Nero then removed the tiara from Tiridates' head and crowned him with the diadem. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 7855 Willam..let him crouni king. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 71 Þou schalt be y-crowned bisshop at Rome. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. l. 3433 He..was coroned king. c1400 (?c1380) l. 415 He..Corounde me quene in blysse to brede. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. (Rawl.) (1898) 199 Than he hym bethoght of the grete noble that he demenyd in Ierusalem, ther as he was kynge y-cronet. 1594 W. Shakespeare i. i. 46 And crowne her Queene of England. 1678 N. Wanley v. i. §75. 466/1 Henry the fifth..went to Rome to be Crowned Emperour by Pope Paschalis the second. 1779 E. Perronet 4 Bring forth the royal diadem, To crown Him Lord of All. 1898 F. Schevill (1901) i. i. 41 After the peace Charles had himself crowned emperor at Bologna. 2012 27 Apr. 17/3 Marie de Medici wore it when she was crowned Queen of France in 1610. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 9734 Þe king let crouni to kinge an vif ȝer after þis Henri is eldoste sone. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. l. 3294 (MED) Therbellis, king of Bulgarie..Justinian hath unprisoned And to thempire ayein coroned. 1448 in E. K. Chambers (1925) I. 262 (MED) [John Gladman], of disporte..coronned as kyng of Crestemesse..rode in diverse stretis of the cite. c1540 (?a1400) (2002) f. 195v He was coroned to kyng. 1769 W. Robertson (1770) III. xi. 305 A motion..that the parliament should give its consent that Philip might be publickly crowned as the Queen's husband. 1836 V. 132/2 Napoleon..crowned his wife as empress. 1998 S. Anderson 123 The Scots hankered after a king, so Charles was invited to Edinburgh and crowned as Charles II. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. ix. l. 98 (MED) Þus Dowel and Dobet and Dobest þe þridde Crownede on to beo kyng. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 4477 Mars..Þe hous of whom is þe Scorpioun, And crowned art in þe Capricorn, Bot in þe Bole is þi kyngdam lorn. 1598 W. Shakespeare iii. i. 212 She will..on your eyelids crowne the God of sleepe. View more context for this quotation 1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher iii. 37 Till He crowne a silent sleepe vpon my eye-lids. 1609 W. Shakespeare i. iii. 142 Achilles whom opinion crownes, The sinnow and the fore-hand of our hoste. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iv. 138 We wil bring the deuice to the bar and crowne thee for a finder of madmen. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. ii. 71 To be a Queene, and Crown'd with infamie. View more context for this quotation 1781 Apr. 213/2 No more the dice Shall crown thee king, at once, of wine and vice. 1839 26 Oct. 517/1 Come, now, crown me for a wizard,—here are you sighing for change..and lo, I appear with work cut out for you. 1901 Sept. 92/1 Did I not crown you Lord of My Heart? 1992 Fall (Preview Issue) 66 Supercat is likely to be crowned king of the dancehall. 2. transitive. To confer the highest praise or benefit on; to glorify; to bless or endow with honour, dignity, plenty, etc.; to reward. Also occasionally: to confer the reverse of such an endowment upon. Usually with with. Often in religious language.the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > reward or a reward > reward or recompense [verb (transitive)] the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)] > supremely or excessively c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 5462 He shall ben crunedd þurrh drihhtin. Inn eche lifess blisse. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 129 Ure drihten hine crunede mid blisse. 1340 (1866) 72 Dyaþ bodylich..is damezele bere-blisse..þet alle þe halȝen corouneþ and doþ in to blisse. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxii. 18 Crounende he shal crowne thee with tribulacioun [L. coronans coronabit te tribulatione]. a1425 (a1400) (1916) Heb. ii. 7 With glorye and worschype þou hast corownyd hym. 1462 M. Paston in (2004) I. 275 It is tyme to crone yowr old officere. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) v. §15. 21 Lord as with a sheld of thi goed will thou has corounde vs. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in 57 Clawebackes, which crowne him with commendation. 1611 Psalms viii. 5 Thou..hast crowned him with glory and honour. View more context for this quotation 1727 D. Defoe i. i. 18 Wisdom crowns no Man Now, except it be with the Rage and Malice of Enemies, with Poverty and Insult. 1834 G. G. Cunningham III. 366 So useful a man God blessed with long life and crowned with riches. 1902 T. S. Baynes & W. Winter xii. 143 Shakespeare returned to his native town crowned with wealth and honors. 2010 J. Clower vi. 207 They can assure students that if they exert themselves for spiritual excellence, they will be crowned with happiness. the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > endow with qualities or attributes > with honour, privilege, or power 1535 Psalms lxiv. 11 Thou crownest the yeare [Heb. ʿiṭṭartā šĕnaṯ] with thy good, and thy footsteppes droppe fatnesse. 1571 J. Northbrooke xli. f. 129v And therefore, these good workes and deedes shall bee rewarded or crowned, because that God of his meere mercie, hath bounde hym selfe thereto by his promises. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach i. f. 3v Beseeching God..that he wyll crowne the yeere with his plenteousnesse. 1611 Ecclus. xix. 5 He that resisteth pleasures, crowneth his life. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. vi. 33 How would'st thou haue payed My better seruice, when my turpitude Thou dost so Crowne with Gold. View more context for this quotation a1695 H. Wharton (1697) iii. 127 The Rules and Precepts of the Christian Religion: So admirably fitted to the Nature of Man, that it would be his Happiness to Practice them, although enforced with no Command, nor crowned with any Reward. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iv, in tr. Virgil 19 No God shall crown the Board, nor Goddess bless the Bed. 1787 T. Taylor tr. 130 Give plenteous seasons, and sufficient wealth, and crown my days with lasting peace and health. 1791 Nov. 1048/2 Neither was his political fidelity, Nor were the labours of his ministry Crowned with any reward. 1846 R. C. Trench ii. 122 There a strong faith is crowned and rewarded. 1863 W. Phillips xi. 252 High purposes which crowned his life. 1914 P. C. Hayes 140 Change the night to noonday bright, And crown your days with gladness. 2005 N. Jolley vii. 186 We would have no reason to pursue virtue and shun vice unless virtue were crowned with rewards in an afterlife. 3. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > give honour to [verb (transitive)] > as with a crown or helmet the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > award token of victory or supreme excellence [verb (transitive)] > invest with decoration > with a wreath or fillet c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1940) 705 Ne schalt tu beon icrunet bute þu beo asailet. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. ii. 5 He that stryueth..schal not be crowned, no but he schal fiȝt lawfully. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 5 When any man had þe victory of his enmy, he schuld be cround with palme. 1483 (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 84 To Crowne, aureolare. ?a1500 Court of Love (Trin. Cambr. R.3.19) l. 452 in K. Forni (2005) Nowe wynne whoo may, ye lusty folke of youth, This garland fressh, of floures rede and white, Purpill and blewe, and colours fel uncowth, And I shall crowne hym kyng of all delite! 1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in 23 Crowne my head with Bayes. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 27 But shee..Crownes him with flowers, and makes him all her ioy. View more context for this quotation 1642 H. More sig. K7 With fair flowers from unknown root ycrownd. 1711 R. Steele No. 143. ⁋1 Sitting..crowned with Roses in order to make our Entertainment agreeable to us. 1776 E. Gibbon I. xvi. 542 The numerous spectators, crowned with garlands, perfumed with incense. 1840 C. Thirlwall VII. 255 Many even crowned themselves before the act, as for a joyful solemnity. 1878 J. Todhunter 114 That I should crown my head, and feast and sing. 1950 7 Dec. 709/2 Constable and Turner were neglected and the dim and second-rate were crowned with triumphant laurels. 1989 R. E. Guiley 306/2 The candidate is crowned with ceiba leaves. 1584 King James VI & I sig. D Phœbus crowns all verses..with Laurers always grene. 1757 R. Bentley & H. Walpole tr. P. Hentzner 79 We happened to meet some country people celebrating their Harvest-home; their last load of corn they crown with flowers. 1767 W. L. Lewis tr. Statius I. vi. 76 They crown with Cypress..the Flame-devoted Bier. 1824 L. E. Landon 53 She has lighted her lamp, and crowned it with flowers. 1921 A. M. Harmon tr. III. 461 They drench the stones with myrrh and crown them with wreaths. 2000 J. C. Winter i. ii. 34/1 They erected a high pole, crowned it with a wreath of tobacco leaves or other vegetation, and danced around it. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > award token of victory or supreme excellence [verb (transitive)] > award prize to > reward work of art, etc., with a prize 1788 W. Falconer Introd. p. i The following Essay has been crowned with the first prize medal of the Medical Society.] 1797 Feb. 127/2 The works which shall be crowned in the Odéon, shall constitute, for ever, a part of its repertory. 1885 10 Feb. 5/2 M. Wauters's book, which was ‘crowned’ by the Royal Academy of Belgium. 1926 C. M. Cox et al. (1927) xix. 596 His Study of all Greek Languages in the West of Europe was crowned by the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres. 1990 P. Larson in S. Ashwal 342 The book quickly became the authoritative text..and was crowned by the Royal Academy of Sciences. the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)] > occupy or form the top of > furnish with a top c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 174 The noble quene Corouned with whit & clothede al in grene. tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 379 Thi wallis..with bricke thou most corone A foote aboue & sumdel promynent. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. i. 80 Who..with each end of thy blew bowe do'st crowne My boskie acres. View more context for this quotation 1638 T. Herbert (rev. ed.) 166 The Towne is..built upon the brow of a high..divided hill, whose top has beene crown'd with a vast Castle. 1742 P. Delany II. xx. 279 He built a magnificent city;..adorned it with palaces; and crowned it with the tabernacle of God. 1798 J. Ferriar 247 We crown the artificial mound with the shivered donjon. 1848 J. H. Parker (ed. 5) 50 The walls are crowned by a parapet. 1858 1 15/2 If he has made the sides of Lebanon rugged and precipitous he has crowned it with cedars. 1898 A. J. Little (rev. ed.) iv. 77 Chang chung chien,..who is said to have made a pyramid of women's feet, crowning it with those of his own wife, who remonstrated at his cruelty. 1940 A. Blunt viii. 114 Sixtus V adapted the two columns of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius to Christian purposes by crowning them with figures of St. Peter and St. Paul. 2003 27 Apr. 25/1 Capella hand-cranked velvety ribbons of pappardelle and crowned them with a veal tenderloin medallion and tiny foie gras ‘croutons’. 5. the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)] > occupy or form the top of c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 151 As the dayseye I-corounede is with white leuys lite. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Ep. Ded. sig. d.ivv A thowsande Ilandes crowned with golde and bewtifull perles. 1596 M. Drayton sig. Fv Eyes which with ioy like Sunnes haue risen oft, To view that holy Citties glorious Towers, And seene the Christian Ensignes raisd aloft, Crowning the walls like garlands of rare flowers. 1622 L. Digges tr. G. de Céspedes y Meneses ii. iii. 423 Both the one and the other waited for day, and Sunrise; whose rayes not long after crowning the Mountaine toppes,..the false Inne-keeper came leaping to the doore. 1686 R. Plot ii. 38 The Coppices, which at due distance now only crown the summits of some few hills. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer I. i. 551 To move thy Suit I'll go, To great Olympus crown'd with fleecy Snow. 1748 J. Hervey I. 266 Ye verdant Woods, that crown our Hills, and are crowned yourselves with leafy Honours. 1796 W. Withering (ed. 3) I. 95 The pyramidal Seed, crowned by the short down. 1845 M. Pattison in Jan. 77 The Church of St. Genoveva..crowned a height at no great distance. 1858 19 ii. 485 The root is crowned by a tuft of leaves. 1886 F. Caddy 23 Her statue crowns a public fountain. 1914 29 Jan. 9/3 The airy arcaded pavilion which crowns the sky-line. 1920 H. D. Shawcross x. 120 The farmost end is seen crowned by a vision of distant hills. 1949 E. Goudge iii. viii. 434 The high old walls of the small garden were patched with moss and crowned with pink and white valerian. 1956 A. G. McRae 64 You see the pale azure of the sky just touching the top of the Hill Called Grazing, you see the shape of the little krantzes which crown it. 2005 J. Fredston iii. 90 A fairy dusting of snow was crowning the peaks..in early September. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament 1611 T. Coryate sig. L2 In verdant meadowes crown'd with springs fresh pride The paineful Bee tastes euery fragrant flower. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil 22 Where..Vales with Violets once were crown'd. 1709 A. Pope Spring in 730 The Turf with rural Dainties shall be Crown'd. 1764 O. Goldsmith 3 Ye glittering towns, with wealth and splendour crown'd. 1859 Mar. 291 Long reaches of swampy rice-fields crowned by whitewashed pagodas. 1891 A. Austin (ed. 4) ii. 98 And here and there with glistering lemon bowers The lower landward terraces were crowned. 2011 C. Iles xlvi. 220 The fields were crowned with yellow flowers as far as the eye could see. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > ornament [verb (transitive)] > crown with ornament a1450 (?a1349) in H. E. Allen (1931) 42 Þe thorn corond þe keyng, þat nayled was on þe rode. 1596 C. Fitzgeffry sig. D6 And as the Lawrell crown'd him conquerour, So did the Olive shew him counselour. 1694 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in 6 A double Wreath shall crown our Cæsar's Brows. 1764 O. Goldsmith 2 Eternal blessings crown my earliest friend. 1839 May 176/1 The gorgeous Spring is coming now Bright gems of glory crown her brow. 1894 J. L. Weston tr. W. Von Eschenbach II. xv. 156 And many a flowery chaplet crowned the locks of many a knight. 1958 M. Barnard tr. Sappho in iii. 43 You will have a cloak thrown over you and flowers crowning your hair. 2011 A. Knight vii. 102 A wreath of star lilies and white roses crowned her head. 7. the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > put the finishing touch to 1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant (de Worde) cii. sig. Dd.i For the ende crowneth. 1554 M. Huggarde sig. D.iiiv Doth this proue christes death insufficient & vain, Nay it settes furth his glory, syth he wyll thus, Crown his own workes wrought by him in vs. 1592 G. Delamothe ii. 29 The end dothe crowne the worke... La fin couronne l'œvre. 1609 W. Shakespeare iv. vii. 107 The end crownes all, And that old common arbitrator Time, will one day end it. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. ii. 44 There might you haue beheld one Ioy crowne another. View more context for this quotation 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher v. iv. 58 No day without a deed to Crowne it. View more context for this quotation 1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival i. iv. xxxi. 160 The end crownes the work: and it serves for nothing, to have well begun, unlesse we finish so too. c1707 in J. Maidment (1868) 374 If the crafty old Peer..Designs to crown all by a finishing trick. 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer I. i. 326 Meditate my doom, to crown their joy. 1741 W. Shenstone 453 Let manhood crown what infancy inspir'd. 1775 T. Francklin in tr. Cicero (new ed.) 124 (note) We have a saying amongst us to the same effect, ‘He that hath well begun, hath half done; and the end crowns the work.’ 1825 W. Irving Life Goldsmith in O. Goldsmith (new ed.) I. 6 A bottle of wine was called for to crown the feast. 1862 R. C. Trench (ed. 7) xviii. 291 This work of grace and power crowned the day of that long debate. 1888 J. B. Bailey xii. 291 It crowned her life-work; it closed her life's story. 1905 H. G. Wells i. vi. 133 And presently they crowned the event. It was Pearce who said, ‘Kipps, you ought to stand Sham!’ And it was Carshot who found the more poetical word ‘Champagne’. 1961 J. Webb iii That the end should crown the work..made no difference. You either played it straight or you didn't. 2009 I. Waterson vii. 197 Charles treated us all to a royal fish and chip supper to crown the day. the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > bring to an end or conclusion > successfully the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > make a success of [verb (transitive)] > bring to successful conclusion 1602 J. Marston v. v. sig. Kv Fortune crown your braue attempt. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. i. 69 O heauen..crowne what I professe with kinde euent. View more context for this quotation 1639 T. Fuller iii. xxvii. 158 Inconsiderate projects..if crowned with successe, have been above censure. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iii, in tr. Virgil 15 Let Pollio's fortune crown his full desires. 1766 O. Goldsmith I. x. 92 The hours we pass with happy prospects in view, are more pleasing than those crowned with fruition. 1829 J. G. Lockhart II. xxviii. 126 On the 20th of April, 1811, Napoleon's wishes were crowned by the birth of a son. 1870 E. Peacock II. 195 Success did not immediately crown his efforts. 1908 J. S. C. Bridge v. 130 Clive's hand is not visible in the final scene, but the spirit at work had been his, and the outcome crowned his task. 1933 3 July 810/1 He crowned a distinguished legal career by his masterly leadership in the legislative investigation of the affairs of the City of New York. 1991 J. Sayers iii. ii. 94 Her urge to be the centre of attention..was crowned with success even though to her surprise it alienated her colleagues. the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (transitive)] > pour liquor into or fill with liquor > fill to above the brim the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > to overflowing 1595 W. S. ii. viii. sig. E3 Carouse whole cups of Amazonian wine..And cast away the clods of cursed care, With goblets crownd with Semeleius gifts. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil 24 Two Goblets will I crown with sparkling Wine. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil 208 To..squeese the Combs with Golden Liquor crown'd [L. spumantia cogere pressis mella favis] . View more context for this quotation 1707 M. Prior Hans Carvel in 38 The Bowls were crown'd..and Healths went round. 1776 Dec. 572/2 Oh, how enchanting to my soul Are the gay fumes that crown thy bowl, And stimulate to fun! 1813 W. S. Walker tr. J. N. Brun in 22 To Norway, mother of the brave, We crown the cup of pleasure. 1887 W. Morris tr. Homer I. i. 6 The serving-lads were crowning [Gk. ἐπεστέψαντο] with drink each bowl and cup. 1904 E. L. Chase & W. E. P. French 13 It is meet..to tap the keg, to unstopper the decanter, to draw the cork, before we crown the cup. 1915 J. Rhoades 35 Who can clip the Wings of Time? And crown the Wine-Cup, as the Master said! the world > movement > impact > striking > striking on specific part of the body > strike on specific part of body [verb (transitive)] > on the head 1746 (ed. 3) i. 6 Chell trim tha, chell crown tha, chell vump tha. 1866 R. Hallam x. 49 Wi' that, sumboddy behint crahn'd me wi' a umbrella. 1919 R. Lardner iii. 92 If he hadn't been so old I would of crowned him. 1948 A. Baron 156 Get off that box..before I crown you with this shovel. 1959 ‘O. Mills’ xxiii. 234 ‘Someone crowned me, I take it?’ The sergeant nodded. ‘With the poker from our own hearth.’ 2011 M. Graham 259 Don't know how you kept your rag, I'd have crowned him with nearest saucepan! the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (reflexive)] > arch 1761 30 7 No pavement should be laid crowning. 1854 1 Apr. 298/1 A gathering of the butter will take place in such manner as to leave the butter crowning in the middle. 1892 P. Benjamin (1895) 557/1 The tendency, which so long a bar would otherwise have, to crown in the center when largely upheld at the mainshoe end. 1909 Sept. 168/2 Where the sidewalk is wide enough, instead of a side slope, the walk is made to crown in the center. 2008 M. Smith ii. 29 The big elms and maples of a cemetery lined the road just as it crowned over from the gentle climb toward the mountains and started to descend through the town. II. Technical senses. society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > tonsure > perform tonsure [verb (transitive)] society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] > admit to office formally or ceremonially > crown c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 557 in C. Horstmann (1887) 122 Ȝif a bonde-man hath ane sone þat to clergie beo i-drawe, Ne [read he] schal nouȝt with-oute is louerdes leue noȝwere i-crouned beo. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. vi. l. 56 Clerkes þat aren crouned. ?a1425 (?a1350) in H. Forstmann (1902) 22 Þere he let him crouny and þe habit of clerc nom. a1500 in C. Brown (1939) 273 (MED) Hitt most be a curate, a crownyd wyght.] 12. Obstetrics. Cf. crowning n. 4. 1672 H. Chamberlen tr. F. Mauriceau ii. viii. 186 When the Infants Head begins to advance into this inward Orifice, tis commonly said it is crowned [Fr. au couronnement], because it girds and surrounds it, just as a Crown. 1744 R. Manningham 9 It often happens to prove otherwise, even after..the Mouth of the Womb be sufficiently open for the Head of the Infant to be crowned. 1901 26 228 After the head is crowned at the vulva, ‘the uterus makes a final effort..’. 1979 G. Bourne (rev. ed.) xxvi. 410 The modern practice is to give an injection of either ergometrine or syntometrine as soon as the baby's head is crowned. 1999 8 May 1262/1 Once the head is crowned, the blades can be removed and the rest of the baby delivered normally. 1882 D. B. Hart & A. H. Barbour xlvi. 515 If, therefore, while the head is crowning and rupture threatening, the palm of the hand covered with a napkin be placed on the perineum, we can by gentle support keep the head flexed. 1955 1 Oct. 850/2 Between contractions her legs resume a relaxed and restful position until the head is crowning, when they may be supported, not in stirrups, but at an angle giving the greatest ease of delivery. 1993 Feb. 40/3 Many pushes later I was able to see our first baby's head crowning, and with one last push our son, Kyle, was born. 2003 K. Bowman & L. Ryan 107 The decision about whether or not you need an episiotomy isn't made until the first baby's head crowns. 1699 A. Boyer To Crown a Man at Draughts, Damer un Pion. 1798 13 The nearer the game draws to a conclusion, the more of the plebeians or common men are crowned or coronetted. 1820 (new ed.) 313 He [sc. a piece at draughts] becomes king and is crowned by placing one of the captives upon him. 1850 H. G. Bohn et al. 407 He is..made a king by having another piece put on, which is called crowning him. 1892 J. Lees 49 Crowning the piece on 22 loses as follows:—[etc.]. 1944 S. Ross in R. Gustafson 121 I crowned a king and said, ‘Why don't you get someone, then, to stay with you?’ 1999 R. W. Pike 20 Crowning the King. When a player moves or jumps into the king row with a checker, the opponent designates it as a king by crowning it. the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > bind or tie [verb (transitive)] > fasten or secure with a knot > tie (a knot) (in) > specific 1754 [implied in: W. Emerson 203 If the three strands are wrought round once or twice more after the same manner, it is called crowning.]. 1794 D. Steel I. 163 Button and Loop, a short piece of rope, having at one end a walnut knot, crowned, and at the other end an eye. 1849 J. M. Murphy & W. N. Jeffers i. 82 To Crown a Hawser... Put a stout whipping on the hawser, [etc.]. 1879 T. E. Biddle 10 The Wall Knot..can be crowned by taking strand A..and laying it over the top of the knot. [Etc.]. 1912 B. Heckstall-Smith & E. Du Boulay iv. 110 The strands are opened out for a short distance and crowned together. 1921 104/2 At A, the knot is shown started and ready for drawing tight;..and at C it is crowned and ready for tightening. 2010 J. Nisbet xi. 119 I can splice double-braid or crown a rope end..with the best of them. 1780 L. Lochée 29 The change in the methods of attack, which..is now made..by crowning the glacis, and establishing battering on the ridge of the glacis. 1834 W. F. Napier IV. xiii. v. 81 Three approaches by the sap were conducted against the Nun's bastion, where the besiegers crowned the glacis. 1917 C. de Witt Willcox (new ed.) 109 Couronner,—le chemin couvert, (siege) to crown the covered way. 2010 J.-D. G. G. Lepage iii. 147 The besiegers would not be able to bring artillery fire to bear upon it until they had crowned the covered way and established guns there. 1823 14 June To Road-Makers and Diggers. To be let,..the Lowering of the Hill,..on the Barnsley and Grange-Moor Turnpike-Road, and the Forming and Crowning the Road afresh. 1899 (Ont. Dept. Agric.) 40 Having crowned the road and made it smooth,..it is necessary to dispose of the water which flows from the travelled roadway to the open drains at the road side. 1921 9 June 38/2 In crowning a road the center of the blade is raised and the dirt will then roll in either side. 2010 S. Huler v. 97 The Romans..crowned the road in the middle and ran ditches alongside. 1836 [implied in: 9 July 267/1 A sudden ‘crownings in’ (as it is emphatically termed by the colliers), or falling in of the superincumbent strata, took place.]. 1880 D. C. Murray II. iii. 78 The land had given way and..fallen into the hollow left by some disused coal-mine—had crowned-in the country people say. 1905 28 567 The shafts of the old mine..had crowned in at the top, forming a hole about eighty feet across. 2008 [implied in: C. D. Prosser & J. G. Larwood in C. V. Burek & C. D. Prosser 227/2 There were regular reports of roof-falls and crowning-in.]. the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > practise dentistry [verb (transitive)] > crown 1885 I. E. Clifford & R. E. Clifford 6 Roots decayed too far for pivoting can be crowned. 1907 23 Oct. 9/1 The teeth were crowned. 1963 C. R. Cowell et al. vii. 66 The mobility of any tooth to be crowned must be tested. 2011 R. Gray iv. 126 Her teeth are capped with gold because, when the bombs were falling in Phnom Penh, her father, a dentist, had the family gold smelted and crowned each tooth. Phrasesthe world > action or operation > completing > completed or finished [phrase] > as the finishing touch 1634 T. Herbert 55 To crowne all, his Booke, yet no Al-furcan, of devotion is laid vpon him as too worthy the vse of sinners. 1665 T. Herbert (new ed.) 125 To crown all, a Book..was laid upon his Coffin. 1710 33 Lastly, To crown all, Has not the whole Strength and Power of the Party been exerted to stop the Supplies of Money for carrying on the War? 1770 Oct. 521/1 I would have bought freeholds, to entitle me to sign petitions; and to crown all, I would pay no land tax. 1822 12 Feb. 253/3 To crown it all, Moffet's daughter is married to his present wife's son! 1871 J. S. Blackie i. 92 To crown all..man alone..can mould the emitted voice into articulate speech. 1910 A. Huxley 5 June (1969) 37 To crown all we were 5 minutes late for lock-up! 1947 ‘A. P. Gaskell’ 87 To crown it all the damned School Committee had to pick on this Saturday for their school picnic. 2011 P.-D. U. Nsima iii. 74 His academic worth, automatically qualified him for a visa and Green Card, and to crown it all, he is a citizen of ‘God's own Country’ America. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). crownv.2 Origin: Formed within English, by back-formation. Etymon: crowner n.1 Etymology: Back-formation < crowner n.1, probably partly after crown v.1 Now English regional. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear cause [verb (transitive)] > hold inquest on 1602 R. Carew ii. f. 112v Possesseth sundry large priuiledges..to wit..crowning of dead persons, laying of arrests, and other Admirall rights. a1640 T. Risdon (1811) (modernized text) §215 224 If any man die..in the forest, the coroner of Lidford shall crown him. 1673 in R. E. C. Waters (1883) 62 Tho. Smailes was buryed and crowned by a jury of 12 men, and John Harrison supposed to murder him. 1825 J. Jennings 32 To be Crowned, to have an inquest held over a dead body by direction of the coroner. 1830 23 Aug. 4/2 If the boy dies, he'll be crowned (made the subject of a crowner's quest—coroner's inquisition) and you'll suffer. 1888 F. T. Elworthy Crown, to hold an inquest upon a dead person. 1892 S. Hewett 19 They've a'crowned Joey Tapp, who hanged 'iszell yisterday. 1898 W. R. Eaton in I. 820/1 [Norfolk] Old King be dade. Will he be crowned? 1928 T. Hardy 51 O never we thought she meant so much As to go doing this. And now she must be crowned!—so fair!—Who drew men's eyes so everywhere. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
