crucialadj.

Brit.

/ˈkruːʃl/, U.S.

/ˈkruʃ(ə)l/

Etymology: < French crucial (Paré 16th cent.), < Latin cruc-em cross + -al suffix¹.

1. (Chiefly Anatomy.) Of the form of a cross, cross-shaped, as crucial incision; spec. the name of two ligaments in the knee-joint, which cross each other in the form of the letter X, and connect the femur and tibia; also applied to ‘the transverse ligament of the atlas and its upper and lower offshoots combined’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [adjective] > crossing or crossed over each other > cross-shaped

decussated1658

decussative1658

cruciform1661

cross-shaped17..

crucial1706

decussate1825

cross-headed1866

ten-shaped1907

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > incision > [noun] > an incision > of specific shape

cruciate1684

crucial incision1706

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Incision Crucial Incision, the cutting or lancing of an Impostume or Swelling cross~wise.

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 451 Making an incision quite cross to the bone, from ear to ear; which section is preferable to the crucial, commonly made.

1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 256 Between the condyles of the os femoris and the crucial ligaments.

1859 J. Tomes Syst. Dental Surg. 338 In the molar teeth of the lower jaw, the decay sometimes takes a crucial shape.

1861 S. Thomson Wanderings among Wild Flowers (rev. ed.) iii. 302 The crucial flowers.

2. That finally decides between two rival hypotheses, proving the one and disproving the other; more loosely, relating to, or adapted to lead to such decision; decisive, critical. Frequently in trivial use = ‘very important’. This sense is taken from Bacon's phrase instantia crucis, explained by him as a metaphor from a crux or finger-post at a bivium or bifurcation of a road. Boyle and Newton used the phrase experimentum crucis. These give ‘crucial instance’, ‘crucial experiment’, whence the usage has been extended. Occasionally the sense intended seems to be ‘of the nature of a crux or special difficulty’; see crux n.Not in Johnson, Todd, or Webster 1828.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > [adjective] > critical or decisive

climacterical1587

critical1649

crucial1830

make-or-break1961

crunch1974

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [adjective] > conclusive, decisive

definitivec1386

evident1421

concludent1571

deciding1577

decisive1584

decretal1608

decisory1611

concluding1620

evictive1624

silencing1646

conclusive1649

decretory1674

decretorian1679

decisional1687

critical1753

crucial1830

clinching1873–4

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > of high or great importance

worthlyeOE

mickleeOE

greatc1225

right hand?c1225

solemna1387

materialc1475

superior1526

grand1542

weighty1558

main1581

pregnant1591

pregnate1598

materious1611

moliminous1642

momentous1656

magic1696

all-important1748

big1748

eventful1756

colossal1775

bread and butter1822

bada1825

key1832

all-absorbing1834

earth-moving?1834

earth-shaking1835

earth-shatteringa1859

high-ranking1874

beaucoup1917

major league1951

earth-stopping1956

crucial1957

1620 F. Bacon Instauratio Magna ii. xxxvi Instantias Crucis: translato Vocabulo a Crucibus, quæ erectæ in Biuijs, indicant & signant viarum separationes. Has etiam Instantias Decisorias & Iudiciales, & in Casibus nonnullis Instantias Oraculi, & Mandati appellare consueuimus.

1672 Newton Light & Colours i The gradual removal of these suspicions at length led me to the Experimentum Crucis.]

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. ii. vi. 150 What Bacon terms ‘crucial instances’, which are phenomena brought forward to decide between two causes, each having the same analogies in its favour.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 134 Crucial experiments for the verification..of his theory.

1875 A. Helps Social Pressure xvi. 226 Showing where, at some crucial point of the story, fraud or delusion might enter.

1957 F. King Widow ii. x. 245 That's the crucial time for me, like the first month of a baby.

1963 New Statesman 8 Feb. 195/1 What is crucial, of course, is that these books aren't very good.

1968 New Statesman 23 Feb. 241/2 Twice at crucial moments in this volcanic tragic comedy he asked us to advise him what to do.

1971 Times 19 Jan. 1 (headline) Leaders arrange to meet in private before today's crucial debate.

3. Apparently associated with the trying action of a ‘crucible’.

ΚΠ

1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh v. 192 And, from the imagination's crucial heat, Catch up their men and women all a-flame For action.

1860 Lit. Churchman 6 222/1 This crucial time..which will purge out the dross and tin of popery and dissent.

Derivatives

ˈcrucially adv. in a crucial manner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > [adverb] > in or at a critical moment

in the Godspeed1667

critically1689

crucially1879

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [adverb] > conclusively

definitively1532

concludentlya1575

demonstrativelya1591

demonstrably1616

concludingly1640

decisively1643

deictically1659

conclusively1749

decidedly1779

critically1857

crucially1879

1879 H. Grubb in Trans. Royal Dubl. Soc. 188 Any one can try this crucially for himself.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	crucial
释义	crucialadj. Brit. /ˈkruːʃl/, U.S. /ˈkruʃ(ə)l/ Etymology: < French crucial (Paré 16th cent.), < Latin cruc-em cross + -al suffix¹. 1. (Chiefly Anatomy.) Of the form of a cross, cross-shaped, as crucial incision; spec. the name of two ligaments in the knee-joint, which cross each other in the form of the letter X, and connect the femur and tibia; also applied to ‘the transverse ligament of the atlas and its upper and lower offshoots combined’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [adjective] > crossing or crossed over each other > cross-shaped decussated1658 decussative1658 cruciform1661 cross-shaped17.. crucial1706 decussate1825 cross-headed1866 ten-shaped1907 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > incision > [noun] > an incision > of specific shape cruciate1684 crucial incision1706 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Incision Crucial Incision, the cutting or lancing of an Impostume or Swelling cross~wise. 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 451 Making an incision quite cross to the bone, from ear to ear; which section is preferable to the crucial, commonly made. 1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 256 Between the condyles of the os femoris and the crucial ligaments. 1859 J. Tomes Syst. Dental Surg. 338 In the molar teeth of the lower jaw, the decay sometimes takes a crucial shape. 1861 S. Thomson Wanderings among Wild Flowers (rev. ed.) iii. 302 The crucial flowers. 2. That finally decides between two rival hypotheses, proving the one and disproving the other; more loosely, relating to, or adapted to lead to such decision; decisive, critical. Frequently in trivial use = ‘very important’. This sense is taken from Bacon's phrase instantia crucis, explained by him as a metaphor from a crux or finger-post at a bivium or bifurcation of a road. Boyle and Newton used the phrase experimentum crucis. These give ‘crucial instance’, ‘crucial experiment’, whence the usage has been extended. Occasionally the sense intended seems to be ‘of the nature of a crux or special difficulty’; see crux n.Not in Johnson, Todd, or Webster 1828. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > [adjective] > critical or decisive climacterical1587 critical1649 crucial1830 make-or-break1961 crunch1974 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [adjective] > conclusive, decisive definitivec1386 evident1421 concludent1571 deciding1577 decisive1584 decretal1608 decisory1611 concluding1620 evictive1624 silencing1646 conclusive1649 decretory1674 decretorian1679 decisional1687 critical1753 crucial1830 clinching1873–4 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > of high or great importance worthlyeOE mickleeOE greatc1225 right hand?c1225 solemna1387 materialc1475 superior1526 grand1542 weighty1558 main1581 pregnant1591 pregnate1598 materious1611 moliminous1642 momentous1656 magic1696 all-important1748 big1748 eventful1756 colossal1775 bread and butter1822 bada1825 key1832 all-absorbing1834 earth-moving?1834 earth-shaking1835 earth-shatteringa1859 high-ranking1874 beaucoup1917 major league1951 earth-stopping1956 crucial1957 1620 F. Bacon Instauratio Magna ii. xxxvi Instantias Crucis: translato Vocabulo a Crucibus, quæ erectæ in Biuijs, indicant & signant viarum separationes. Has etiam Instantias Decisorias & Iudiciales, & in Casibus nonnullis Instantias Oraculi, & Mandati appellare consueuimus. 1672 Newton Light & Colours i The gradual removal of these suspicions at length led me to the Experimentum Crucis.] 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. ii. vi. 150 What Bacon terms ‘crucial instances’, which are phenomena brought forward to decide between two causes, each having the same analogies in its favour. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 134 Crucial experiments for the verification..of his theory. 1875 A. Helps Social Pressure xvi. 226 Showing where, at some crucial point of the story, fraud or delusion might enter. 1957 F. King Widow ii. x. 245 That's the crucial time for me, like the first month of a baby. 1963 New Statesman 8 Feb. 195/1 What is crucial, of course, is that these books aren't very good. 1968 New Statesman 23 Feb. 241/2 Twice at crucial moments in this volcanic tragic comedy he asked us to advise him what to do. 1971 Times 19 Jan. 1 (headline) Leaders arrange to meet in private before today's crucial debate. 3. Apparently associated with the trying action of a ‘crucible’. ΚΠ 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh v. 192 And, from the imagination's crucial heat, Catch up their men and women all a-flame For action. 1860 Lit. Churchman 6 222/1 This crucial time..which will purge out the dross and tin of popery and dissent. Derivatives ˈcrucially adv. in a crucial manner. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > [adverb] > in or at a critical moment in the Godspeed1667 critically1689 crucially1879 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [adverb] > conclusively definitively1532 concludentlya1575 demonstrativelya1591 demonstrably1616 concludingly1640 decisively1643 deictically1659 conclusively1749 decidedly1779 critically1857 crucially1879 1879 H. Grubb in Trans. Royal Dubl. Soc. 188 Any one can try this crucially for himself. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1706
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