curvedadj.

Brit.

/kəːvd/, U.S.

/kərvd/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s curued, 1500s– curved.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin curvus , -ed suffix².

Etymology: < classical Latin curvus curve adj. + -ed suffix². Compare curve adj., and later curve n., curve v.Compare similar uses in French of Anglo-Norman corbé, curvé, Anglo-Norman and Middle French courvé, Middle French, French courbé (attested from the 12th cent.). N.E.D. (1893) also records a pronunciation (kɒ̄ɹvėd) /ˈkəːvɪd/.

a. That deviates smoothly in form or course from a straight line or flat surface, without angularity or sudden changes in direction. Cf. curve adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > [adjective]

crooked?c1225

roundc1300

ybentc1330

bentc1374

cambera1387

curvate?a1425

curve?a1425

curved?a1425

bowingc1440

crumped1480

bowed1483

bended1495

bowlanda1522

compass?1523

curbed?1541

compassed1551

compassing1576

curvated1598

orbed1598

curving1609

ridgill-backed1611

incurved1623

inflected1646

incurvate1647

curvous1661

incurvated1665

swayed1688

bending1697

circumflex1707

curval1730

sweeping1772

bendy1800

curvatureda1810

curvative1846

hooped1852

swept1903

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 13^v (MED) A bone curued [?c1425 Paris croked; L. curuum] i. croked & sharp to þe maner of an nebbe.

1596 J. Blagrave Astrolabium Vranicum x. sig. D4 Euery of them carrying his 90 Almicantare rootes distinguished by the curued lines.

1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. v. ii. 354 I pierced through both the Lips and Artery with a curved Needle.

1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xiv. 83 The Motion will be made in a Line differently curved.

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 425 An instrument a little more curved than a tonsil-needle, having an eye towards the point.

1819 P. B. Shelley Lines Euganean Hills in Rosalind & Helen 82 From the curved horizon's bound.

1847 Bewicks's Hist. Brit. Birds (new ed.) I. 111 Claws curved and short.

1934 Pop. Aviation Apr. 235/2 We have centrifugal and centripetal forces exerted when the object moves in a circular or curved path of other form.

1960 Times 30 Sept. 14/6 A long curved line of shops and offices stands along the ring-way only a few yards from the church.

2002 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 26 Oct. i. 1 A gently curved three-storey wall..rises through the house and divides the library from the stairwell.

b. Geometry. Of a space or manifold of three or more dimensions (esp. that formed by space-time): having a non-Euclidean geometry. Cf. curvature n. 3b.

ΚΠ

1917 Astrophysical Jrnl. 45 253 In a curved space-time manifold it might be..impossible to separate space and time.

1967 Geophysics Jrnl. Internat. 13 249 If equations (3) have any solution at all, they will have an infinite-dimensional (usually curved) manifold of solutions.

2016 J. Bennett What is Relativity? iii. 110 Orbiting objects..are following paths through curved spacetime that are as ‘straight’ as the local geometry allows.

2. Gunnery. Designating artillery fire (or, in later use, the firing of torpedoes or other missiles) in which the angle of elevation is such that the curvature of the trajectory is great enough to require to be taken into account in ranging calculations. Esp. in curved fire. Cf. direct adj. 2c.The minimum angle of such fire has been variously specified: see quots.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > type of firing

point and blank1590

false fire1602

potting1613

point-blank1614

running fire1629

pounding1633

bulleting1635

platooning1706

sharp-shot1725

street firing1727

ricochet1740

fire curtain1744

plunging fire1747

reverse fire1758

sniping1773

enfilade1796

rapid fire1800

line-firing1802

concentric1804

sharpshooting1806

rake1810

sniping fire1821

cross-firing1837

file-firing1837

curved fire1854

night firing1856

file-fire1857

volley-firing1859

cross-fire1860

joy-firing1864

snap-shooting1872

stringing1873

pot-shooting1874

indirect fire1879

sweeping1907

rapid1913

curtain of fire1916

ripple1939

ripple-firing1940

ripple fire1961

1854 N.-Y. Daily Times 18 Apr. 1/5 The mortar can throw a bomb as heavy as itself, but to a short distance, for the curved fire of fortifications.

1860 R. Delafield Rep. Art of War in Europe 45 The branches connected with its flanks retired to the right and left down into the ravines, from which a curved artillery fire battered the approaches on the capital of the bastion.

1883 G. Mackinlay Text-bk. Gunnery 162 Indirect or curved fire. Fire from guns, with reduced charges, and from howitzers and mortars, at all angles of elevation not exceeding 15°.

1894 Minutes Proc. Royal Artillery Inst. 21 469 Ordnance in concealed positions can be reached by curved howitzer fire.

1907 O. M. Lissak Ordnance & Gunnery 358 Direct Fire is with high velocities, and angles of elevation not exceeding 20 degrees. Curved Fire is with low velocities, and angles of elevation not exceeding 30 degrees.

1917 W. H. Tschappat Ordnance & Gunnery 426 For convenience of discussion curved fire will be considered as firings with elevations between 15° and 40° and high-angle fire as firings with elevations above 40°.

1920 D. A. Macalister Field Gunnery (ed. 4) i. 19 Curved Fire.—Where the angle of elevation is not above 30°.

1942 Boys' Life Oct. 32/2 Stand by the port and starboard tubes. Set curved fire ahead. Port tube fires first.

1964 N.Y. Times 15 Mar. 25/1 Attempts to develop a weapon..that could provide high-angle curved fire (the grenade-launcher), aimed line-of-sight fire (the flechette), [etc.].

2011 N. Friedman Naval Weapons of World War One ii. 342/2 Mk II was one of the first two US torpedoes designed for curved fire.

3. Consisting of or characterized by curves or curved forms.

ΚΠ

1857 R. S. Burn Ornamental Drawing i. 9 Example 1, fig. 1, shows an arrangement of squares which may be filled in with curved ornamentation, or colours, forming a pavement or tile design.

1895 A. C. Haddon Evol. in Art 14 Simple semicircular curves and circles are common, it is true, but they are not combined into curved patterns.

1936 Pop. Mech. Oct. 136/1 (advt.) With this inexpensive rule anyone can draw curved designs with ease.

1976 Columbus (Nebraska) Telegram 15 Jan. 5/7 Young people also are creating their own designs by taking two or three different colored fabrics and making a modern geometric or large curved pattern.

2011 M. Etherington & C. Tesene Back to Charm School 76/2 Use free-motion quilting to outline a pattern or to create stippling or other curved designs.

4. Baseball. Of a pitched or thrown ball: that has been curved (see curve v. 4). Also applied to the pitching of such a ball.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [adjective] > movement of ball

hot1865

curved1870

fast-breaking1893

roundhouse1897

seeing eye1950

1870 Indianapolis Jrnl. 15 Aug. 8/3 The superior training of the Harvards told over the individual excellence and horizontally curved pitching of the Stars.

1875 Boston Daily Globe 23 Oct. Their new pitcher, Knight,..pitches a slow curved ball.

1905 Chicago Daily News 17 July 4/1 His curved ball was breaking much better for him too.

1936 Pampa (Texas) Daily News 27 Apr. 3/1 Bratton opened the junior league season here by hurling a couple of nice curved pitches.

1992 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) 10 Apr. c1/3 He's reminded me to get my arm higher to throw my curved ball because it's more effective when I come over the top.

Derivatives

ˈcurvedly adv. rare in a curved manner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > [adverb]

acrooka1387

compass1545

bently1552

bowingly1552

compassingly1578

curvedly1694

curvingly1842

1694 W. Cowper Μυοτομια Reformata xix. 107 Ascending with Fleshy Fibres on each side running Streight, but in the middle pass somewhat Curvedly.

1799 W. Babington New Syst. Mineral. ii. 108 Its fracture fibrous and radiated, or curvedly foliated.

1880 R. B. Watson in Jrnl. Linn. Soc. 15 109 Lines..curvedly radiating.

2004 Jrnl. Paleontol. 78 415/2 Groove running from below the beak obliquely backwards and slightly curvedly across the hinge plate.

ˈcurvedness n. rare the state of being curved.In quot. 1598: the curved part (of something).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun]

curvation?a1425

curvity?a1425

curvaturea1460

bent1541

bend1597

curvedness1598

flexure1628

incurvation1647

compassedness1652

deflexure1656

flexion1656

curvilinearity1756

deflection1821

wind1825

inflection1837

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. vii. iii. f. 36^v/1 A little curved and croocked knife, which within the curvednes therof is sharpe, and cutttinge.

1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. vii. i. 465 A Curvednesse, which may be reduced to a Fracture.

1805 J. Luccock Nature & Prop. Wool 152 That the wool..possess..such a degree of curvedness.

2015 L. Chouiten I. Eberhardt & N. Afr. ii. 71 The smooth curvedness of the dunes of Kenadsa.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	curved
释义	curvedadj. Brit. /kəːvd/, U.S. /kərvd/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s curued, 1500s– curved. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin curvus , -ed suffix². Etymology: < classical Latin curvus curve adj. + -ed suffix². Compare curve adj., and later curve n., curve v.Compare similar uses in French of Anglo-Norman corbé, curvé, Anglo-Norman and Middle French courvé, Middle French, French courbé (attested from the 12th cent.). N.E.D. (1893) also records a pronunciation (kɒ̄ɹvėd) /ˈkəːvɪd/. 1. a. That deviates smoothly in form or course from a straight line or flat surface, without angularity or sudden changes in direction. Cf. curve adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [adjective] crooked?c1225 roundc1300 ybentc1330 bentc1374 cambera1387 curvate?a1425 curve?a1425 curved?a1425 bowingc1440 crumped1480 bowed1483 bended1495 bowlanda1522 compass?1523 curbed?1541 compassed1551 compassing1576 curvated1598 orbed1598 curving1609 ridgill-backed1611 incurved1623 inflected1646 incurvate1647 curvous1661 incurvated1665 swayed1688 bending1697 circumflex1707 curval1730 sweeping1772 bendy1800 curvatureda1810 curvative1846 hooped1852 swept1903 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 13^v (MED) A bone curued [?c1425 Paris croked; L. curuum] i. croked & sharp to þe maner of an nebbe. 1596 J. Blagrave Astrolabium Vranicum x. sig. D4 Euery of them carrying his 90 Almicantare rootes distinguished by the curued lines. 1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. v. ii. 354 I pierced through both the Lips and Artery with a curved Needle. 1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xiv. 83 The Motion will be made in a Line differently curved. 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 425 An instrument a little more curved than a tonsil-needle, having an eye towards the point. 1819 P. B. Shelley Lines Euganean Hills in Rosalind & Helen 82 From the curved horizon's bound. 1847 Bewicks's Hist. Brit. Birds (new ed.) I. 111 Claws curved and short. 1934 Pop. Aviation Apr. 235/2 We have centrifugal and centripetal forces exerted when the object moves in a circular or curved path of other form. 1960 Times 30 Sept. 14/6 A long curved line of shops and offices stands along the ring-way only a few yards from the church. 2002 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 26 Oct. i. 1 A gently curved three-storey wall..rises through the house and divides the library from the stairwell. b. Geometry. Of a space or manifold of three or more dimensions (esp. that formed by space-time): having a non-Euclidean geometry. Cf. curvature n. 3b. ΚΠ 1917 Astrophysical Jrnl. 45 253 In a curved space-time manifold it might be..impossible to separate space and time. 1967 Geophysics Jrnl. Internat. 13 249 If equations (3) have any solution at all, they will have an infinite-dimensional (usually curved) manifold of solutions. 2016 J. Bennett What is Relativity? iii. 110 Orbiting objects..are following paths through curved spacetime that are as ‘straight’ as the local geometry allows. 2. Gunnery. Designating artillery fire (or, in later use, the firing of torpedoes or other missiles) in which the angle of elevation is such that the curvature of the trajectory is great enough to require to be taken into account in ranging calculations. Esp. in curved fire. Cf. direct adj. 2c.The minimum angle of such fire has been variously specified: see quots. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > type of firing point and blank1590 false fire1602 potting1613 point-blank1614 running fire1629 pounding1633 bulleting1635 platooning1706 sharp-shot1725 street firing1727 ricochet1740 fire curtain1744 plunging fire1747 reverse fire1758 sniping1773 enfilade1796 rapid fire1800 line-firing1802 concentric1804 sharpshooting1806 rake1810 sniping fire1821 cross-firing1837 file-firing1837 curved fire1854 night firing1856 file-fire1857 volley-firing1859 cross-fire1860 joy-firing1864 snap-shooting1872 stringing1873 pot-shooting1874 indirect fire1879 sweeping1907 rapid1913 curtain of fire1916 ripple1939 ripple-firing1940 ripple fire1961 1854 N.-Y. Daily Times 18 Apr. 1/5 The mortar can throw a bomb as heavy as itself, but to a short distance, for the curved fire of fortifications. 1860 R. Delafield Rep. Art of War in Europe 45 The branches connected with its flanks retired to the right and left down into the ravines, from which a curved artillery fire battered the approaches on the capital of the bastion. 1883 G. Mackinlay Text-bk. Gunnery 162 Indirect or curved fire. Fire from guns, with reduced charges, and from howitzers and mortars, at all angles of elevation not exceeding 15°. 1894 Minutes Proc. Royal Artillery Inst. 21 469 Ordnance in concealed positions can be reached by curved howitzer fire. 1907 O. M. Lissak Ordnance & Gunnery 358 Direct Fire is with high velocities, and angles of elevation not exceeding 20 degrees. Curved Fire is with low velocities, and angles of elevation not exceeding 30 degrees. 1917 W. H. Tschappat Ordnance & Gunnery 426 For convenience of discussion curved fire will be considered as firings with elevations between 15° and 40° and high-angle fire as firings with elevations above 40°. 1920 D. A. Macalister Field Gunnery (ed. 4) i. 19 Curved Fire.—Where the angle of elevation is not above 30°. 1942 Boys' Life Oct. 32/2 Stand by the port and starboard tubes. Set curved fire ahead. Port tube fires first. 1964 N.Y. Times 15 Mar. 25/1 Attempts to develop a weapon..that could provide high-angle curved fire (the grenade-launcher), aimed line-of-sight fire (the flechette), [etc.]. 2011 N. Friedman Naval Weapons of World War One ii. 342/2 Mk II was one of the first two US torpedoes designed for curved fire. 3. Consisting of or characterized by curves or curved forms. ΚΠ 1857 R. S. Burn Ornamental Drawing i. 9 Example 1, fig. 1, shows an arrangement of squares which may be filled in with curved ornamentation, or colours, forming a pavement or tile design. 1895 A. C. Haddon Evol. in Art 14 Simple semicircular curves and circles are common, it is true, but they are not combined into curved patterns. 1936 Pop. Mech. Oct. 136/1 (advt.) With this inexpensive rule anyone can draw curved designs with ease. 1976 Columbus (Nebraska) Telegram 15 Jan. 5/7 Young people also are creating their own designs by taking two or three different colored fabrics and making a modern geometric or large curved pattern. 2011 M. Etherington & C. Tesene Back to Charm School 76/2 Use free-motion quilting to outline a pattern or to create stippling or other curved designs. 4. Baseball. Of a pitched or thrown ball: that has been curved (see curve v. 4). Also applied to the pitching of such a ball. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [adjective] > movement of ball hot1865 curved1870 fast-breaking1893 roundhouse1897 seeing eye1950 1870 Indianapolis Jrnl. 15 Aug. 8/3 The superior training of the Harvards told over the individual excellence and horizontally curved pitching of the Stars. 1875 Boston Daily Globe 23 Oct. Their new pitcher, Knight,..pitches a slow curved ball. 1905 Chicago Daily News 17 July 4/1 His curved ball was breaking much better for him too. 1936 Pampa (Texas) Daily News 27 Apr. 3/1 Bratton opened the junior league season here by hurling a couple of nice curved pitches. 1992 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) 10 Apr. c1/3 He's reminded me to get my arm higher to throw my curved ball because it's more effective when I come over the top. Derivatives ˈcurvedly adv. rare in a curved manner. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [adverb] acrooka1387 compass1545 bently1552 bowingly1552 compassingly1578 curvedly1694 curvingly1842 1694 W. Cowper Μυοτομια Reformata xix. 107 Ascending with Fleshy Fibres on each side running Streight, but in the middle pass somewhat Curvedly. 1799 W. Babington New Syst. Mineral. ii. 108 Its fracture fibrous and radiated, or curvedly foliated. 1880 R. B. Watson in Jrnl. Linn. Soc. 15 109 Lines..curvedly radiating. 2004 Jrnl. Paleontol. 78 415/2 Groove running from below the beak obliquely backwards and slightly curvedly across the hinge plate. ˈcurvedness n. rare the state of being curved.In quot. 1598: the curved part (of something). ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] curvation?a1425 curvity?a1425 curvaturea1460 bent1541 bend1597 curvedness1598 flexure1628 incurvation1647 compassedness1652 deflexure1656 flexion1656 curvilinearity1756 deflection1821 wind1825 inflection1837 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. vii. iii. f. 36^v/1 A little curved and croocked knife, which within the curvednes therof is sharpe, and cutttinge. 1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. vii. i. 465 A Curvednesse, which may be reduced to a Fracture. 1805 J. Luccock Nature & Prop. Wool 152 That the wool..possess..such a degree of curvedness. 2015 L. Chouiten I. Eberhardt & N. Afr. ii. 71 The smooth curvedness of the dunes of Kenadsa. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.?a1425
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