custreln.

Brit.

/ˈkʌstr(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈkəstrəl/

Forms:

α. late Middle English (in a late copy)–1500s custerell, late Middle English–1500s custrell, 1500s costerell, 1500s coustrell, 1500s–1600s costerel, 1500s– custrel, 1600s costrell, 1800s coustrel, 1900s– custril; also Scottish 1800s keystrel, 1800s koostril, 1800s kustril, 1900s koostrel; N.E.D. (1893) also records the forms 1500s costrel, 1500s costrell.

β. 1500s coisterell, 1500s coistrell, 1500s coysterel, 1500s coystrel, 1500s questrell, 1500s 1800s– coystrell, 1600s coystrill, 1600s coystryll, 1600s questril, 1600s 1800s coistrel, 1600s–1800s coystril, 1700s coistril; N.E.D. (1893) also records the forms 1500s coystril, 1500s coystrill.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: French coustellier ; custron n.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Probably partly (i) < Middle French coustellier, coustillier, coustiller soldier armed with a custil, servant to a knight or man-at-arms (c1460; see note), with metathesis, probably as a result of association with words in -rel suffix, and partly (ii) a variant (with suffix substitution: compare -rel suffix, -el suffix²) of custron n. (compare forms at that entry).Middle French coustellier (French †coustellier , †coustillier ) is < coustelle , coustille custil n. + -ier -ier suffix; compare also Middle French coustilleur (15th cent.) in same sense, with suffix substitution. With the depreciative sense 2, which is chiefly attested in β. forms, compare custron n. 1.

1. A servant or attendant to a knight or man-at-arms; esp. one who is a member of a man-at-arms's lance (lance n.¹ 4b) and is armed with a custil or coutel (cf. custil n., coutel n.). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun]

knighta1100

squirec1290

page?a1400

custrona1425

varlet1470

custrel1474

esquire1477

servitora1513

valet1591

stokaghea1599

calo1617

bedet1633

Tartar1747

batman1755

goujat1776

waiter1828

striker1867

beltman1869

doggy1909

dingbat1918

batwoman1941

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > keeper or manager > groom

palfreyman1297

horse-knavec1300

palfreyour1301

hostlera1450

ostlerc1449

stable groomc1485

palfrenier1490

equerry1552

jack-boy1562

horse-boy1563

custrel1577

ostleress1639

saddle nag1647

syce1650

groom1667

pad-groom1743

stable-boy1745

stableman1745

mehtar1828

strapper1828

lad1848

stable-lad1856

mafoo1863

ostler boy1864

swipe1929

1474 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 819 (MED) To do him Service of Werre..as a Custrell to attend about the King oure Soveraine Lord's awn Persone.

1495 King Henry VII Let. 20 July in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 21 To make asmany speres with their custrelles and di. lances..as ye can furnisshe.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. vj The kyng ordeined fiftie Gentle menne to bee speres, euery of theim to haue an Archer, a Dimilaunce, and a Custrell.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 107/1 in Chron. I Suche coysterels, and other as remayned with the Scottish cariage, seing the discomfiture of theyr aduersaries, ranne foorth and pursued them into those marishes.

a1600 ( Rec. Bluemantle Pursuivant (Julius) in C. L. Kingsford Eng. Hist. Lit. 15th Cent. (1913) 381 (MED) j penon for the custerelles, and ye bowes on horsebake.

1698 J. Strype Life Sir T. Smith App. iii. ii. 33 To fight hand to hand with Death without a Custrel, or any Esquire.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Custrel, a Servant to a Man of Arms. or a Prince's Life-guard.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed ii, in Tales Crusaders II. 44 Nor can you fly from your standard without such infamy as even coistrels or grooms are unwilling to incur.

1868 S. D. Scott Brit. Army II. xii. 529 In numerical calculations, men-at-arms should be multiplied by 3, as each one was attended by a page and a custrel.

1952 J. D. Mackie Earlier Tudors viii. 269 Each spear was..accompanied by a custrel, who should rank as a demi-lance.

2007 R. James Henry VIII's Mil. Revol. Notes 266 Three men—an archer, a demi-lance and a custrel—similarly supported the Gentlemen Pensioners.

2. As a term of abuse: a worthless or contemptible person, a knave, a rogue. Later also: a cowardly or timorous person; a foolish or inexperienced youth. Also in appositive use. Cf. custron n. 1. Now archaic and rare (Scottish and English regional (northern and midlands) in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in reproach > male

havela1500

custrel1570

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Eii/1 A Coystrel, mirgizo.

1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike Ded. sig. ¶4^v The swarming rabble of our coystrell curates.

1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. C3 Shamst thou not coystrell, loathsome dunghill swad, To grace thy carkasse with an ornament.

1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor iii. iv. sig. H2^v You whorson bragging coystryll .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. iii. 38 He's a Coward and a Coystrill that will not drinke to my Neece.

1673 J. Phillips Maronides vi. 9 In this same rage, the hair-brain'd questril Shew'd the foundations of each nostril.

1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) I A coistril..Met. homo timidus.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Coystril, a raw inexperienced lad; a contemptible fellow.

1835 J. Hogg Tales Wars Montrose II. 54 You never saw a shabbier keystrel or a worse-looking boy, did you not?

1915 Kelso Chron. 1 Jan. Ye were fear't to cry't afore his face, ye cowardly, cowardly custril!

1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated i. xii. 94 A very ugly foggy coystrell fellow.

†3. A boy or young man. Obsolete.In quot. 1668 the word is presented as belonging to the semantic category of male adolescents, along with lad, stripling, and youth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun]

knightc893

knapec1000

knaveOE

knape childc1175

knave-childa1225

groom?c1225

knight-bairnc1275

pagec1300

mana1382

swainc1386

knave-bairna1400

little mana1425

man-childa1438

boy1440

little boya1475

lad1535

boykin1540

tomboya1556

urchin1556

loonc1560

kinchin-co(ve)1567

big boy1572

dandiprat1582

pricket1582

boy child1584

callant1597

suck-egg1609

nacketc1618

custrel1668

hospital-boy1677

whelp1710

laddie1721

charity-boy1723

pam-child1760

chappie1822

bo1825

boyo1835

wagling1837

shirttail boy1840

boysie1846

umfaan1852

nipper1859

yob1859

fellow-my-lad?1860

laddo1870

chokra1875

shegetz1885

spalpeen1891

spadger1899

bug1900

boychick1921

sonny boy1928

sonny1939

okie1943

lightie1946

outjie1961

oke1970

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Alphabet. Dict. in Ess. Real Char. sig. Ccc5/2 Coistrel.

1679 E. Coles Dict. Eng.-Lat. (ed. 2) A Coistrel [Young Lad], Adolescentulus.

1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. K4^v/2 Coistrel, a young Lad, un jeune Garçon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	custrel
释义	custreln. Brit. /ˈkʌstr(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈkəstrəl/ Forms: α. late Middle English (in a late copy)–1500s custerell, late Middle English–1500s custrell, 1500s costerell, 1500s coustrell, 1500s–1600s costerel, 1500s– custrel, 1600s costrell, 1800s coustrel, 1900s– custril; also Scottish 1800s keystrel, 1800s koostril, 1800s kustril, 1900s koostrel; N.E.D. (1893) also records the forms 1500s costrel, 1500s costrell. β. 1500s coisterell, 1500s coistrell, 1500s coysterel, 1500s coystrel, 1500s questrell, 1500s 1800s– coystrell, 1600s coystrill, 1600s coystryll, 1600s questril, 1600s 1800s coistrel, 1600s–1800s coystril, 1700s coistril; N.E.D. (1893) also records the forms 1500s coystril, 1500s coystrill. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: French coustellier ; custron n. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Probably partly (i) < Middle French coustellier, coustillier, coustiller soldier armed with a custil, servant to a knight or man-at-arms (c1460; see note), with metathesis, probably as a result of association with words in -rel suffix, and partly (ii) a variant (with suffix substitution: compare -rel suffix, -el suffix²) of custron n. (compare forms at that entry).Middle French coustellier (French †coustellier , †coustillier ) is < coustelle , coustille custil n. + -ier -ier suffix; compare also Middle French coustilleur (15th cent.) in same sense, with suffix substitution. With the depreciative sense 2, which is chiefly attested in β. forms, compare custron n. 1. 1. A servant or attendant to a knight or man-at-arms; esp. one who is a member of a man-at-arms's lance (lance n.¹ 4b) and is armed with a custil or coutel (cf. custil n., coutel n.). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun] knighta1100 squirec1290 page?a1400 custrona1425 varlet1470 custrel1474 esquire1477 servitora1513 valet1591 stokaghea1599 calo1617 bedet1633 Tartar1747 batman1755 goujat1776 waiter1828 striker1867 beltman1869 doggy1909 dingbat1918 batwoman1941 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > keeper or manager > groom palfreyman1297 horse-knavec1300 palfreyour1301 hostlera1450 ostlerc1449 stable groomc1485 palfrenier1490 equerry1552 jack-boy1562 horse-boy1563 custrel1577 ostleress1639 saddle nag1647 syce1650 groom1667 pad-groom1743 stable-boy1745 stableman1745 mehtar1828 strapper1828 lad1848 stable-lad1856 mafoo1863 ostler boy1864 swipe1929 1474 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 819 (MED) To do him Service of Werre..as a Custrell to attend about the King oure Soveraine Lord's awn Persone. 1495 King Henry VII Let. 20 July in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 21 To make asmany speres with their custrelles and di. lances..as ye can furnisshe. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. vj The kyng ordeined fiftie Gentle menne to bee speres, euery of theim to haue an Archer, a Dimilaunce, and a Custrell. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 107/1 in Chron. I Suche coysterels, and other as remayned with the Scottish cariage, seing the discomfiture of theyr aduersaries, ranne foorth and pursued them into those marishes. a1600 ( Rec. Bluemantle Pursuivant (Julius) in C. L. Kingsford Eng. Hist. Lit. 15th Cent. (1913) 381 (MED) j penon for the custerelles, and ye bowes on horsebake. 1698 J. Strype Life Sir T. Smith App. iii. ii. 33 To fight hand to hand with Death without a Custrel, or any Esquire. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Custrel, a Servant to a Man of Arms. or a Prince's Life-guard. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed ii, in Tales Crusaders II. 44 Nor can you fly from your standard without such infamy as even coistrels or grooms are unwilling to incur. 1868 S. D. Scott Brit. Army II. xii. 529 In numerical calculations, men-at-arms should be multiplied by 3, as each one was attended by a page and a custrel. 1952 J. D. Mackie Earlier Tudors viii. 269 Each spear was..accompanied by a custrel, who should rank as a demi-lance. 2007 R. James Henry VIII's Mil. Revol. Notes 266 Three men—an archer, a demi-lance and a custrel—similarly supported the Gentlemen Pensioners. 2. As a term of abuse: a worthless or contemptible person, a knave, a rogue. Later also: a cowardly or timorous person; a foolish or inexperienced youth. Also in appositive use. Cf. custron n. 1. Now archaic and rare (Scottish and English regional (northern and midlands) in later use). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in reproach > male havela1500 custrel1570 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Eii/1 A Coystrel, mirgizo. 1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike Ded. sig. ¶4^v The swarming rabble of our coystrell curates. 1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. C3 Shamst thou not coystrell, loathsome dunghill swad, To grace thy carkasse with an ornament. 1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor iii. iv. sig. H2^v You whorson bragging coystryll . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. iii. 38 He's a Coward and a Coystrill that will not drinke to my Neece. View more context for this quotation 1673 J. Phillips Maronides vi. 9 In this same rage, the hair-brain'd questril Shew'd the foundations of each nostril. 1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) I A coistril..Met. homo timidus. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Coystril, a raw inexperienced lad; a contemptible fellow. 1835 J. Hogg Tales Wars Montrose II. 54 You never saw a shabbier keystrel or a worse-looking boy, did you not? 1915 Kelso Chron. 1 Jan. Ye were fear't to cry't afore his face, ye cowardly, cowardly custril! 1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated i. xii. 94 A very ugly foggy coystrell fellow. †3. A boy or young man. Obsolete.In quot. 1668 the word is presented as belonging to the semantic category of male adolescents, along with lad, stripling, and youth. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] knightc893 knapec1000 knaveOE knape childc1175 knave-childa1225 groom?c1225 knight-bairnc1275 pagec1300 mana1382 swainc1386 knave-bairna1400 little mana1425 man-childa1438 boy1440 little boya1475 lad1535 boykin1540 tomboya1556 urchin1556 loonc1560 kinchin-co(ve)1567 big boy1572 dandiprat1582 pricket1582 boy child1584 callant1597 suck-egg1609 nacketc1618 custrel1668 hospital-boy1677 whelp1710 laddie1721 charity-boy1723 pam-child1760 chappie1822 bo1825 boyo1835 wagling1837 shirttail boy1840 boysie1846 umfaan1852 nipper1859 yob1859 fellow-my-lad?1860 laddo1870 chokra1875 shegetz1885 spalpeen1891 spadger1899 bug1900 boychick1921 sonny boy1928 sonny1939 okie1943 lightie1946 outjie1961 oke1970 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Alphabet. Dict. in Ess. Real Char. sig. Ccc5/2 Coistrel. 1679 E. Coles Dict. Eng.-Lat. (ed. 2) A Coistrel [Young Lad], Adolescentulus. 1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. K4^v/2 Coistrel, a young Lad, un jeune Garçon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1474
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