custronn.

Brit.

/ˈkʌstr(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈkəstrən/

Forms: Middle English coystron, Middle English quysteroun, Middle English quystron, Middle English quystrone, Middle English qwistoune (transmission error), Middle English qwistsumnes (plural, transmission error), Middle English–1500s quystroun, Middle English (1800s Scottish (historical)) quisteroun, 1500s coustran, 1500s coystrowne, 1500s custrun, 1500s quystroune; Scottish pre-1700 costroun, pre-1700 coustroun, pre-1700 cuistroun, pre-1700 custrone, pre-1700 custroun, pre-1700 cwstroun, 1700s 1900s– custrin, 1700s– custron, 1800s custroune. N.E.D. (1893) also records a form Middle English qwistron.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French cuistron.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman cuistron, cuistroun, quistron, quistroun, Middle French coestron, coisteron, coistron, questron (compare Old French coistron , cuistron , (nominative case) coistre , cuestre ) assistant to a cook, scullion (1139 in Old French), knave, rogue, scoundrel (13th cent.), person born out of wedlock (13th cent.), probably < post-classical Latin cocistron- , cocistro (also cocistrion- , cocistrio ) shopkeeper (attested in undated glossaries), of uncertain origin; perhaps < coquester cook (attested in an undated glossary; < classical Latin coquus cook + -ester , in e.g. pedester : see pedestrial adj.) + classical Latin -ō (see -oon suffix).In sense 2 probably partly by association with custrel n.

1. An assistant to a chef or cook; a kitchen servant, a scullion. Also in extended use, as a term of abuse: a man of low birth or status; a knave, a rogue, a scoundrel (cf. custrel n. 2). Now archaic (Scottish in later use).Although custron appears alongside knave in quot. c1400, the context is military, and it may instead represent a use of sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun]

harlot?c1225

truantc1290

shreward1297

boyc1300

lidderon13..

cokinc1330

pautenerc1330

bribera1387

bricouna1400

losarda1400

rascal?a1400

custronc1400

knapea1450

sloven?a1475

limmerc1485

knavatec1506

smaik?1507

smy?1507

koken?a1513

swinger1513

Cock Lorel?1518

pedlar's French1530

varletc1540

losthope?c1550

makeshift1554

wild rogue1567

miligant1568

rogue1568

crack-halter1573

rascallion1582

schelm1584

scoundrel1589

scaba1592

bezonian1592

slave1592

rampallion1593

Scanderbeg1601

roly-poly1602

canter1608

cantler1611

gue1612

fraudsman1613

Cathayana1616

crack-hempa1616

foiterer1616

tilt1620

picaro1622

picaroon1629

sheepmanc1640

rapscallion1648

scaramouch1677

fripon1691

trickster1711

shake-bag1794

sinner1809

cad1838

badmash1843

scattermouch1892

jazzbo1914

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > service in kitchen > [noun] > kitchen servant

squiller1303

waynpainc1330

kitchener1332

custronc1400

kitchen knave1440

scullion1483

scudler1488

swiller?a1500

dishwashera1529

lubber1538

kitchen maid1551

kitchen wencha1556

scull1566

washpot1570

kitchen stuff1582

scrape-trencher1603

kitchenist?1617

trencher-scraper1650

mediastine1658

drudge-pudding1737

marmiton1754

knife-boy1847

potwalloper1859

kitchen mechanic1861

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] > baseness or moral vileness > person

wretchOE

filthOE

birdc1300

villain1303

caitiffc1330

crachouna1400

crathona1400

custronc1400

sloven?a1475

smaik?1507

rook?a1513

scavenger1563

scald1575

peasant1581

scaba1592

bezonian1592

slave1592

patchcock1596

muckworm1649

blackguard1732

ramscallion1734

nasty1825

cad1838

boundera1889

three-letter man1929

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 2507 Þere nas knaue ne quystroun [a1425 Linc. Inn quystron] Þat ne had his warisoun.

a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 2400 I sal hir gif to warisowne Ane of þe foulest quisteroun, Þat ever ȝit ete any brede; He sal have hir maydenhede.

c1450 (a1375) Octavian (Calig.) (1979) l. 154 Sche seygh a boy loþly of face, A quysteroun..And seyde, ‘Hark þou, cokes knaue!’

a1529 J. Skelton Howe Douty Duke of Albany in Wks. (1568) sig. F.v Suche a proude pultrowne Suche a foule Coystrowne.

a1585 P. Hume Flyting with Montgomerie (Tullibardine) iv. 4 in Poems A. Montgomerie (2000) I. 157 Learne, scybald knave, to knave thy sell, Vyld vagabound, or I invey, Cuistroun, with cuiffis the to compell..þe trewth to tell.

1603 Philotus cxxxiv. sig. E4 Auld custrone Carle tak thair a reuell.

c1670 Banishm. Poverty in Christs Kirk on Green (single sheet) An ill dead may that Custron die.

1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 123 If any Hustrin, Custrin..shall bread any Urdam, Durdam.

1880 J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (rev. ed.) Quisteroun, a scullion, cook.

1890 J. Service Notandums 113 Noo she's a boul-horned guidwife wi' a custroune carl o' a man.

?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. vii. 172 The K'nicht jyned in. ‘Ye maun lowse me, ye custrin, els ma men wul ravis an murther thame baith.’

†2. A camp follower or sutler; a servant or attendant to a knight or man-at-arms (cf. custrel n. 1). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun]

knighta1100

squirec1290

page?a1400

custrona1425

varlet1470

custrel1474

esquire1477

servitora1513

valet1591

stokaghea1599

calo1617

bedet1633

Tartar1747

batman1755

goujat1776

waiter1828

striker1867

beltman1869

doggy1909

dingbat1918

batwoman1941

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 11 Calcula, a quistron, vel seruus militum.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxxi^v The Sperys to haue for them and theyr Custrun euery day halfe a Floreyn.

Phrases

†

wheel of custrons n. Obsolete the wheel of Fortune; chance, fate.With reference to the lowly condition of those at the base of the wheel of Fortune.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > [noun] > wheel of fortune

wheelc888

stagea1300

spoke1412

rooc1440

wheel of custronsc1450

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3303 (MED) Lo! so þe quele of qwistsumnes [perh. read qwistrunnes] my qualite has changid!

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4660 (MED) So þe qwele of qwistounes [read qwistrounes] ȝoure qualite encreses, Þat noþir gesse ȝe gouernour no god bot ȝour-selfe!

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	custron
释义	custronn. Brit. /ˈkʌstr(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈkəstrən/ Forms: Middle English coystron, Middle English quysteroun, Middle English quystron, Middle English quystrone, Middle English qwistoune (transmission error), Middle English qwistsumnes (plural, transmission error), Middle English–1500s quystroun, Middle English (1800s Scottish (historical)) quisteroun, 1500s coustran, 1500s coystrowne, 1500s custrun, 1500s quystroune; Scottish pre-1700 costroun, pre-1700 coustroun, pre-1700 cuistroun, pre-1700 custrone, pre-1700 custroun, pre-1700 cwstroun, 1700s 1900s– custrin, 1700s– custron, 1800s custroune. N.E.D. (1893) also records a form Middle English qwistron. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French cuistron. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman cuistron, cuistroun, quistron, quistroun, Middle French coestron, coisteron, coistron, questron (compare Old French coistron , cuistron , (nominative case) coistre , cuestre ) assistant to a cook, scullion (1139 in Old French), knave, rogue, scoundrel (13th cent.), person born out of wedlock (13th cent.), probably < post-classical Latin cocistron- , cocistro (also cocistrion- , cocistrio ) shopkeeper (attested in undated glossaries), of uncertain origin; perhaps < coquester cook (attested in an undated glossary; < classical Latin coquus cook + -ester , in e.g. pedester : see pedestrial adj.) + classical Latin -ō (see -oon suffix).In sense 2 probably partly by association with custrel n. 1. An assistant to a chef or cook; a kitchen servant, a scullion. Also in extended use, as a term of abuse: a man of low birth or status; a knave, a rogue, a scoundrel (cf. custrel n. 2). Now archaic (Scottish in later use).Although custron appears alongside knave in quot. c1400, the context is military, and it may instead represent a use of sense 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] harlot?c1225 truantc1290 shreward1297 boyc1300 lidderon13.. cokinc1330 pautenerc1330 bribera1387 bricouna1400 losarda1400 rascal?a1400 custronc1400 knapea1450 sloven?a1475 limmerc1485 knavatec1506 smaik?1507 smy?1507 koken?a1513 swinger1513 Cock Lorel?1518 pedlar's French1530 varletc1540 losthope?c1550 makeshift1554 wild rogue1567 miligant1568 rogue1568 crack-halter1573 rascallion1582 schelm1584 scoundrel1589 scaba1592 bezonian1592 slave1592 rampallion1593 Scanderbeg1601 roly-poly1602 canter1608 cantler1611 gue1612 fraudsman1613 Cathayana1616 crack-hempa1616 foiterer1616 tilt1620 picaro1622 picaroon1629 sheepmanc1640 rapscallion1648 scaramouch1677 fripon1691 trickster1711 shake-bag1794 sinner1809 cad1838 badmash1843 scattermouch1892 jazzbo1914 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > service in kitchen > [noun] > kitchen servant squiller1303 waynpainc1330 kitchener1332 custronc1400 kitchen knave1440 scullion1483 scudler1488 swiller?a1500 dishwashera1529 lubber1538 kitchen maid1551 kitchen wencha1556 scull1566 washpot1570 kitchen stuff1582 scrape-trencher1603 kitchenist?1617 trencher-scraper1650 mediastine1658 drudge-pudding1737 marmiton1754 knife-boy1847 potwalloper1859 kitchen mechanic1861 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] > baseness or moral vileness > person wretchOE filthOE birdc1300 villain1303 caitiffc1330 crachouna1400 crathona1400 custronc1400 sloven?a1475 smaik?1507 rook?a1513 scavenger1563 scald1575 peasant1581 scaba1592 bezonian1592 slave1592 patchcock1596 muckworm1649 blackguard1732 ramscallion1734 nasty1825 cad1838 boundera1889 three-letter man1929 c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 2507 Þere nas knaue ne quystroun [a1425 Linc. Inn quystron] Þat ne had his warisoun. a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 2400 I sal hir gif to warisowne Ane of þe foulest quisteroun, Þat ever ȝit ete any brede; He sal have hir maydenhede. c1450 (a1375) Octavian (Calig.) (1979) l. 154 Sche seygh a boy loþly of face, A quysteroun..And seyde, ‘Hark þou, cokes knaue!’ a1529 J. Skelton Howe Douty Duke of Albany in Wks. (1568) sig. F.v Suche a proude pultrowne Suche a foule Coystrowne. a1585 P. Hume Flyting with Montgomerie (Tullibardine) iv. 4 in Poems A. Montgomerie (2000) I. 157 Learne, scybald knave, to knave thy sell, Vyld vagabound, or I invey, Cuistroun, with cuiffis the to compell..þe trewth to tell. 1603 Philotus cxxxiv. sig. E4 Auld custrone Carle tak thair a reuell. c1670 Banishm. Poverty in Christs Kirk on Green (single sheet) An ill dead may that Custron die. 1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 123 If any Hustrin, Custrin..shall bread any Urdam, Durdam. 1880 J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (rev. ed.) Quisteroun, a scullion, cook. 1890 J. Service Notandums 113 Noo she's a boul-horned guidwife wi' a custroune carl o' a man. ?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. vii. 172 The K'nicht jyned in. ‘Ye maun lowse me, ye custrin, els ma men wul ravis an murther thame baith.’ †2. A camp follower or sutler; a servant or attendant to a knight or man-at-arms (cf. custrel n. 1). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun] knighta1100 squirec1290 page?a1400 custrona1425 varlet1470 custrel1474 esquire1477 servitora1513 valet1591 stokaghea1599 calo1617 bedet1633 Tartar1747 batman1755 goujat1776 waiter1828 striker1867 beltman1869 doggy1909 dingbat1918 batwoman1941 a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 11 Calcula, a quistron, vel seruus militum. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxxi^v The Sperys to haue for them and theyr Custrun euery day halfe a Floreyn. Phrases † wheel of custrons n. Obsolete the wheel of Fortune; chance, fate.With reference to the lowly condition of those at the base of the wheel of Fortune. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > [noun] > wheel of fortune wheelc888 stagea1300 spoke1412 rooc1440 wheel of custronsc1450 c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3303 (MED) Lo! so þe quele of qwistsumnes [perh. read qwistrunnes] my qualite has changid! c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4660 (MED) So þe qwele of qwistounes [read qwistrounes] ȝoure qualite encreses, Þat noþir gesse ȝe gouernour no god bot ȝour-selfe! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400
随便看	abience abiences abient abienter abientest abietate abietene abietic abietic acid abietine abietinic abietinic acid abietite abigail abigails abigailship abigate abilitate abilitation abilities ability ability group ability grouping abintestate abiogeneses