datan.

Brit.

/ˈdeɪtə/,

/ˈdɑːtə/, U.S.

/ˈdædə/,

/ˈdeɪdə/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin data, datum.

Etymology: < classical Latin data, plural of datum datum n. Compare earlier datum n. and also the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry.The use of data as a mass noun became increasingly common from the middle of the 20th cent., probably partly popularized by its use in computing contexts, in which it is now generally considered standard (compare sense 2b and the recent uses cited at datum n. 1b, some of which are ambiguous as to grammatical number). However, in general and scientific contexts it is still sometimes regarded as objectionable. Compare the plural uses cited at datum n. and the following:1949 Nature 19 Nov. 890/1 ‘Data’ was a plural noun; for literate English writers it still is, and I contend that it always should be.1978 P. Howard Weasel Words xiii. 63 Data stubbornly persists in trying to become an English singular.1990 Psychologist 13 31/1 A staggeringly large number of psychologists fail to appreciate that ‘data’ should be followed by the plural form of the verb.

1. As a count noun: an item of information; a datum; a set of data. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > [noun] > piece of

somewhatc1175

communication1481

informationa1527

intelligence1570

adviso1591

intelligencies1623

data1645

footnote1711

steer1899

mail1975

1645 T. Urquhart Trissotetras 53 The verticall Angles, according to the diversity of the three Cases being by the foresaid Datas thus obtained.

1764 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 509 I collected the datas chiefly from those excellent coin notes.

1807 Salmagundi 24 Nov. 366 My grandfather..took a data from his own excellent heart.

1910 Oologist 27 20/1 To make the markings on the eggs gibe with the datas is something of a chore.

2006 Cancer Causes & Control 17 1055/2 These datas were likely not missing at random.

2. As a mass noun.

a. Related items of (chiefly numerical) information considered collectively, typically obtained by scientific work and used for reference, analysis, or calculation. Cf. datum n. 1a.source data: see the first element.

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1702 R. Morden Introd. Astron. i. 103 And by this Data there are twelve Problems resolved.

1826 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 1 340 Inconsistent data sometimes produces a correct result. This, however, only happens..when part of the data is allowed to lie dormant.

1888 Pump Court 5 May 56/2 In the Northampton [table] the data is taken from the actual deaths of a floating population.

1902 A. S. Tompkins Hist. Rec. Rock Co., N.Y. 46 There is but little data to estimate Indian populations.

1936 J. Buchan Island of Sheep vii. 132 I've been collecting data about him and it's mighty interesting.

1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists May 200/2 The only biomedical data which remains classified is in piecemeal or incomplete form.

1983 J. C. Quicker Homegirls iii. 58 This data comes from..numerous interviews with gang girls.

2010 Observer 21 Feb. 7/2 Data on long-term effects on healthy users was not yet available.

b. Computing. Quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer, considered collectively. Also (in non-technical contexts): information in digital form. Cf. datum n. 1b.In technical contexts sometimes contrasted with information (information n. 2e).

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society > communication > information > [noun] > information as processed by machines > units of

binary digit1796

data1946

bit1948

ASCII1963

byte1964

1946 C. N. Mooers in Moore School Lect. (1985) 524 The data is stored in the memory in a systematic fashion with the points numbered in sequence.

1957 New Scientist 9 May 14 It is useful..to have some measure of ‘volume of data’, which has nothing to do with the medium on which the data is stored.

1964 Proc. AFIPS Conf. 26 i. 219 Data is transferred to main storage as soon as two bytes are accumulated.

1977 Catal. & Index xlvi. 8 A format designed to reflect..the way the data is stored in the computer.

1987 New Scientist 3 Sept. 37/1 This data streams on, and off, the tape at the very high rate of 170 kilobytes/s.

1992 MacUser 21 Feb. 12 (advt.) Our hard disk has crashed and irreplaceable data is lost forever.

2009 Guardian (Nexis) 10 Dec. (Technol. section) 6 A lot of your data isn't under your direct control—it's on web-based email servers, in some corporate database, or in a cloud computing app.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

data analysis n.

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1932 N.Y. Times 10 Apr. ii. 15/1 (heading) Improved credit data analyses.

1983 Sci. Amer. May 107/2 The prospect of bootstrapping the entire process of data analysis offers hope that an extremely difficult problem will begin to yield.

2001 School Sci. Rev. Dec. 26/1 Graphs are an important part of data analysis and are closely connected to statistics, since the choice of graph is connected to the choice of statistical test.

data handling n.

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1950 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 4 238 (title) Automatic data handling techniques, including recording and reduction.

1971 R. Brewer Approach to Print x. 120 This is simple data handling and, when input to the computer, the corrections can be automatically incorporated in a fresh tape.

2000 New Scientist 4 Nov. 35/1 Fields that were unimaginable sixty years ago: pattern recognition, terabyte data handling, computer algorithmics.

data loss n.

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1954 Milbank Memorial Fund Q. 32 388 It should be remembered, thus, that two types of data loss are built into this present analysis.

1979 Intelligent Machines Jrnl. 3 Oct. 22/1 Fast- or slow-running drives cause data loss and incompatibility between diskettes.

2007 Mac Life Aug. 43 (advt.) Guarding against data loss..by writing the same information to two separate drives.

data security n.

ΚΠ

1969 Accounting Rev. 44 590 (heading) Processing and data security controls.

1991 D. Russell & G. T. Gangemi Computer Security Basics (1992) x. 256 The TEMPEST technology described in this chapter may get a new lease on life, providing human security as well as data security.

2003 Computerworld (Electronic text) 31 Mar. A data security breach caused by cyberattack or digital terrorism.

data transfer n.

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society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > transfer or manipulation

data transfer1935

reading1946

read-out1946

block move1962

1935 U.S. Patent 1,997,156 3/1 Means for effecting the transfer of data, and means for preventing a data transfer operation between the paper strip and the perforated section of the card.

1959 J. Jeenel Programming for Digital Computers v. 253 Techniques for data transfers to and from magnetic disks.

1985 Personal Computer World Feb. 192/2 To control this data transfer various protocols exist which ensure a method of recovering data errors.

2005 J. Corbet et al. Linux Device Drivers (ed. 3) xv. 441 Data transfer can be triggered in two ways: either the software asks for data..or the hardware asynchronously pushes data to the system.

data transmission n.

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1913 Jrnl. U.S. Artillery 39 80 The faults of data transmission by telephone between the plotting room and the guns, were met by the construction and use of a mechanical transmitter.

1976 Times 8 June 10/8 In data transmission, the new ‘packet switching’ technique..is being applied in a number of networks.

2004 Broadband World Sept. 35/1 This type of card uses a 2.4GHz frequency and has a data transmission speed of up to 11Mbps.

C2.

data acquisition n. [compare German Datengewinnung (1947 or earlier)] = data capture n.

ΚΠ

1954 IRE Trans. Information Theory 4 158 Let it be assumed..that the data acquisition is relatively slow, so that successive noise samples can be considered independent.

1988 InfoWorld 10 Oct. s13/3 Its capability to work with actual instruments takes it beyond simulation into the world of actual data acquisition and analysis.

2006 Pop. Sci. Nov. 58/1 GPS navigation, live data acquisition and real-time telemetry are standard.

databank n. a repository of information or data; (now esp.) one held in computer storage.

ΚΠ

1960 Midwest Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 4 218 The archives that contain this material provide a ‘data bank’ available for instructional purposes.

1970 Daily Tel. 8 Oct. 9/4 Data banks containing comprehensive personal files covering criminal records, health records, income tax and so on.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xiii. 269 Can we trust the security of databanks and databases in our high-tech world?

data capture n. the action or process of gathering data in digital form, esp. automatically from a sensory device; cf. capture n. 1e.

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society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [noun]

data entry1930

data processing1944

read-in1946

input1948

ADP1955

data capture1962

capture1971

1962 A. D. Meacham & V. B. Thompson Total Syst. 70/1 Once the data processing system is operating, attention can be given to automating data capture.

1992 CU Amiga May 191/3 The other method of real world data capture is via a scanner.

2003 CSO May 60/2 The task of data capture has been considerably complicated in recent years by the increased use of encryption in the blackhat community.

data communication n. (a) transmission of digital data, esp. between computer systems; (b) (in plural with singular agreement and (also) in singular) the branch of electronic engineering concerned with this.

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1952 Navigation 3 158/2 Means to correlate traffic data automatically and present it most effectively for use of the human controller..e.g...voice and data communication between air and ground.

1962 Engin. & Sci. Feb. 5 (advt.) Examining new phenomena in..data communications and photochemistry.

1970 O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing xi. 155 Data transmission, or data communication, is a modern name for telegraphy.

1984 Which Micro? Dec. 51 (advt.) High-speed data communications between you and..friends.

2002 Computer Weekly 17 Jan. 24/2 A product that could revolutionise the data communications and storage industries.

2010 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 17 Oct. b2 Network-management software for data communication between computer networks.

data density n. Computing the amount of data that can be stored per unit length or area of a storage medium.

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1961 S. L. Smith in H. L. Stiltz Aerospace Telemetry x. 358 Displacements caused by the mechanical tolerances..control the data density, or number of ‘bits per inch’, that may be recorded.

1982 InfoWorld 2 Aug. 68/1 The new drive provides 165 megabytes of unformatted capacity..with a data density of 6330 bits per inch.

2006 Computer Weekly (Nexis) 12 Sept. Data density (the amount of information that can be squeezed into a square inch of hard disc space).

data dictionary n. Computing a collection of metadata describing the contents, format, and structure of a database and the relationship between its elements, used for controlling access to and manipulation of the database.

ΚΠ

1973 Brit. Patent 1,327,962 7/1 All the merged and sorted data base program information from step 35 is stored in the portion of work space 1120 of the disk pack on file 128 called ‘file 23’. Another name given this file is the ‘data dictionary’.

1992 UNIX Today! 17 Feb. sf8/5 He would still like to see ADS..automatically import schema changes into its own data dictionary.

2009 K. L. Baldauf & R. M. Stair Succeeding with Technol. (ed. 3) vii. 398 Another important step in creating a database is to establish a data dictionary, a detailed description of all data used in the database.

data dump n. (a) Computing the transferral of a large amount of data from one system, location, etc., to another; (also) the data itself; (b) = info-dump n.

ΚΠ

1965 OR 16 210 This data dump plays an important part on the SIMPAC system, since very little analysis is done during the run, this all being reserved for a post-run program.

1977 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 71 308/1 A massive data dump of 303 demographic and economic characteristics of congressional districts.

1988 A. C. Clarke 2061: Odyssey Three (1989) xiii. 45 The deputy chief astronomer..had called van der Berg as soon as the latest data dump had been evaluated.

1994 Interzone May 62/3 It's a sequel to Warrior..but there are enough data-dumps in the early chapters for this to be optional.

2003 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 15 Apr. 37 The system that runs the tolling function does a daily data dump.

2007 Neo Apr. 35 The group geek delivers such a huge expository data dump that his speech balloon takes up the whole page and crowds his audience into the margins.

data element n. Computing an item of data within a database or other collection of data.

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1940 U.S. Patent 2,192,679 1/1 The slide rule operation of the invention insures that each data element..spends a predetermined time in a particular data group or field on the display board.

1978 F. B. Baker Computer Managed Instr. iii. 70 The data base record for each student can contain up to roughly 2,000 data elements.

2008 M. Alexander Excel 2007 Dashboards & Rep. for Dummies ii. 28 Flat files are data repositories organized by row and column. Each row corresponds to a set of data elements, or a record.

data entry n. Computing (a) an item of data in a database, table, etc.; (b) the process or an act of entering data into a computer, typically using a keyboard; frequently attributive.

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society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [noun]

data entry1930

data processing1944

read-in1946

input1948

ADP1955

data capture1962

capture1971

1930 U.S. Patent 1,775,117 5/1 In an accounting machine, a plurality of entry receiving elements adapted to receive and accumulate successive data entries.

1959 Arizona Republic 18 Oct. 15/7 (advt.) Original data entry equipment.

1983 G. Wiederhold Database Design (ed. 2) v. 260 If an error can be detected while the source of the data is still available, the cost of correction may be only a few times the cost of the original data entry.

1998 InfoWorld 14 Sept. 60/1 One feature..decreases the chance of inaccurate data entries.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Apr. a19/5 The city has already invested millions of dollars to modernize methods of data entry.

data field n. a section of a record, esp. in a database, in which an item of data is entered; each of the particular types of data held in a database; cf. field n.¹ 19.

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society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > unit of data

data point1910

data field1929

descriptor1954

item1954

record1957

data packet1959

field1959

struct1971

datagram1976

1929 Brit. Patent 302,314 9/9 A previous inventory perforated strip P1, the separate data fields of which give, inter alia, the following data [etc.].

1978 Proc. Colonial Waterbird Group 1 145 Blank data fields are read as zeroes.

1987 ABA Jrnl. 1 Aug. 132/1 A new feature is the user's ability to define 15 new data fields, in addition to the existing fields in the database.

2005 Org. Gardening Dec. 57 Set up data fields (plant name, height, flower color, and so on), then assign each plant its own record.

data file n. a file containing data, as opposed (in Computing) to program instructions.

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society > computing and information technology > data > [noun] > file

data file1895

file1954

audio file1956

disc file1957

computer file1964

doc1986

1895 Rep. Secretary Agric. 95 The data files of this Bureau have been consulted, in person and through correspondence, by several thousand persons during the year.

1984 Which Micro? Dec. 51 (advt.) You can store up to 50 different data files per cartridge.

2003 Daily Tel. 24 June 33/5 The data files on your hard disk drive are normally still intact and can be recovered.

data glove n. (also DataGlove) Computing a glove-like device with sensors which detect movement of the wearer's hand and fingers, allowing the manual manipulation of objects in a virtual reality environment; cf. data suit n.

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society > computing and information technology > hardware > peripherals > [noun] > control devices > dataglove

data glove1987

1987 Proc. SPIE 726 396 The DataGlove is a lightweight, glove-like device that electronically records and transmits data-records of hand and finger shape and dynamics to a host computer by measuring the amount of joint bend, finger abduction, and thumb circumduction.

1994 N. N. Knupfer in D. M. Moore & F. M. Dwyer Visual Literacy xiii. 228 The player might wear..a manipulative device such as a data glove to control a particular action.

2009 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 3 Feb. 8 There's not much good being able to see something if you can't touch it, and that's essentially what this ‘data glove’ will let you do when playing video games.

data highway n. see highway n. 5.

data integrity n. chiefly Computing accuracy and consistency of data; freedom of data from corruption.

ΚΠ

1963 IEE Trans. Aerospace 1 262/1 Data integrity is maintained by incorporating into the master file all changes, additions, and deletions affecting the line item during its contract life.

1986 ABA Jrnl. 1 June 90/1 Laser-read compact disks provide greater data integrity than magnetic media.

2007 CIO Aug. 43 (advt.) Add reliability and data integrity to your databases.

data link n. Computing and Telecommunications a telecommunications link over which data is transmitted; cf. link n.² 3f.

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society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > link or network > types of

star1924

star network1924

data link1953

downlink1963

uplink1968

integrated services digital network1974

ISDN1974

UMTS1990

1953 Trans. IRE Professional Group Aeronaut. & Navigational Electronics 8 6 (title) Over-all system considerations in the design of a data link.

1982 InfoWorld 27 Sept. 64/4 Simply replace the handset in the telephone, and the data link will terminate.

2004 Computer Weekly 23 Mar. 6/5 Users test for vulnerable data links by checking their telephone extensions for unauthorised modems.

data logger n. a device which allows a series of measurements from an external sensor to be automatically recorded, typically in digital form; cf. logger n.¹ 2.

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1954 Chem. Week 4 Sept. 41/2 The punched-tape record from the data logger bypasses the manual operations.

1983 Pop. Sci. Feb. 57/2 A data logger was put on each floor to record the readings of the thermistors every 20 minutes.

2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 23 Jan. 38 This electronic equipment..is able to measure the temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, sunshine, and ground conditions at frequent intervals... The data are stored electronically on a data-logger.

data logging n. the action or process of recording data, esp. automatically using a data logger; frequently attributive.

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1951 J. Procopi in R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. VII. 909 Manual chores in the research laboratory, such as data logging and tedious curve plotting.

1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors xiii. 157 Instrumentation of a nuclear power reactor is commonly undertaken on a very large scale and incorporates data-logging equipment.

2009 Brisbane News (Nexis) 18 Feb. 28 Hearing aids have a data logging system that collects information on hearing preferences such as the environment you are in, volume changes and program usage.

data mart n. a database containing data relevant to a particular function, department, etc., of a commercial organization, designed to be easily accessed by users; cf. data warehouse n.

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society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun]

database1955

customer database1975

data warehouse1975

data mart1992

1992 Network World 2 Nov. 9/2 Most will build ‘datamarts’, which are LAN databases containing corporate, workgroup or personal data.

2006 1to1 Mag. Jan. 32/2 By increasing this data mart to include daily data, we are able to analyze every night all of the movements and operations by our customers.

data marting n. the practice of collecting into a single database data relevant to a particular function, department, etc., of a commercial organization, so that it can be easily accessed by users; cf. data warehousing n.

ΚΠ

1996 Business Wire (Nexis) 5 Feb. Providing end-users access to the [data] warehouse has typically involved building a network infrastructure, data marting [etc.].

2006 Technol. Decisions (Nexis) July 20 Currently Wilton Re is building its first software from scratch for its business intelligence layer, in particular, data warehousing and data marting.

data mining n. the process or practice of examining large collections of data in order to generate new information, typically using specialized computer software.

ΚΠ

1962 Amer. Econ. Rev. 52 223 After a shameless amount of data mining, my best candidate explains capital outlays with GNP, a measure of liquidity flow, and a variable representing excess capacity.

1993 Computer Weekly 28 Oct. 42/2 Data mining has already been used successfully by the police to track down fraud and to establish links between different criminals.

2007 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 8 June b8 Google's business model requires that it do the most extensive data mining possible on individuals.

data packet n. Computing a discrete unit of data; esp. = packet n. 3b; cf. packet data at packet n. 3b.

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society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > unit of data

data point1910

data field1929

descriptor1954

item1954

record1957

data packet1959

field1959

struct1971

datagram1976

1959 J. Jeenel Programming for Digital Computers v. 283 Nor does it require the identification codes to be carried in storage as part of the data packets.

1969 Information Processing 68, Proc. IFIP Congr. 1968 2 737/2 The interactions between remote ICs will be controlled by means of status packets distinguished from data packets by a characteristic in the first byte of the message area.

2006 A. Sheppard Skype Hacks iv. 134 You can address high packet loss by improving your network connection, specifically by giving Skype data packets higher priority than other data packets.

data path n. Computing a bus (bus n.¹ 2b) over which data is transmitted.

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society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry > signal path

bus1946

data path1947

highway1949

address bus1956

1947 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 2 363 The number of switches is roughly proportional to the number of parallel data paths and hence to the speed and size of the computer.

1976 New Scientist 17 June 627/2 The most elementary microprocessor is a bit-serial processor—in other words, a microprocessor with all registers and data paths one bit wide.

2006 Maximum PC June 9/2 Intel has compensated by adding more pipelines, widening some datapaths, and making other improvements.

data point n. an item of data; a piece of information.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > unit of data

data point1910

data field1929

descriptor1954

item1954

record1957

data packet1959

field1959

struct1971

datagram1976

1910 Jrnl. Assoc. Engin. Soc. 44 338 As in other similar formulæ, it is not wise to extrapolate too far beyond actual data points.

1979 Pop. Sci. May 76/1 Finding out how efficient a solar-energy collector is..may involve calculations with hundreds of data points.

2009 Billboard 25 Apr. 9/1 There was also another striking data point: 71% of the brands spent 5% or less of their marketing budgets on music.

data port n. Electronics and Computing = port n.³ 7b.

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society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry > port

data port1970

port1970

parallel port1978

1970 IEEE Trans. Communication Technol. 18 640/1 The assumption is made that the data set will serve its data ports on an auto answer-only basis.

1995 InfoWorld 6 Feb. 41/2 To make a call, plug the modem into the data port under the hook switch.

2011 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 3 Mar. b8 Apple and Intel have just put their might behind something they are calling Thunderbolt, a new type of data port that can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second.

data reduction n. see reduction n. 9e.

data retrieval n. Computing the retrieval of data stored in a computer.

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society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > access or retrieval

access1948

retrieval1954

data retrieval1955

drill-down1987

1955 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 260 444/1 Part 3 lists companies alphabetically under separate classifications (adding machines, Card-to-Tape Converters, Data Retrieval, etc.) and lists the products or services they rent or sell.

1972 Computers & Humanities 7 8 This system uses synonym dictionaries..for data retrieval on the IBM 7094 and 360/65.

2007 Computer Weekly (Nexis) 23 Oct. Holstein UK has consolidated its storage infrastructure to make data retrieval quicker and easier.

data sheet n. a document containing a summary of data or other useful information; spec. one providing the specifications for a particular product.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > [noun] > in writing

monument1555

monuments of letters1555

dossier1880

data sheet1890

fact sheet1919

1890 Technic (Univ. Michigan) 97 The clearance being one-half the total equivalent stroke of cylinder and clearance space minus the stroke as shown by the data sheet.

1971 Amateur Photographer 3 Mar. 31 This, No. 1 in a series of data sheets covering all major facets of photography, provides basic information on the general purpose black-and-white films on the market.

2000 Building Design 18 Feb. 6/6 (advt.) Instant access to the most comprehensive database of product specifications, catalogues, data sheets and supplier information.

data smog n. a confusing mass of information, esp. from the internet, in which the erroneous, trivial, or irrelevant cannot be easily or efficiently separated from what is of genuine value or interest (often in figurative context); obfuscation generated by this; cf. information overload n. at information n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1993 D. Shenk in Next Progressive Sept. 7 (heading) Data smog.

1997 D. Shenk Data Smog 16 We..routinely find ourselves burdened by problems of excess. Now, for all the wonders of the information revolution, a menacing cloud of ‘data smog’ has drifted in.

1999 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 7 Oct. a13 The solid investigations are often lost in the ‘data smog’ of fluff, ads and unedited information.

2008 Training Jrnl. July 34/3 There is a huge amount of data smog out there, characterised by the constant stream of low value information that gets pumped out to us every day.

data stream n. Computing a continuous flow of data from one location to another; also in extended use.

ΚΠ

1959 IRE Trans. Circuit Theory 6 4/1 The role of a sequence transducer between its [sc. a Turing machine's] input and output data streams.

1996 Guardian 13 May ii. 12/5 We are simply tapping into a vast datastream, bringing bank statements, the latest Nintendo game, our favourite programmes at times convenient to us.

2007 Maximum PC Aug. 10/2 Popfly enables users to tie together data streams from a number of external sources—Flickr, Google Base, and RSS feeds.

data structure n. Computing the form in which a collection of data is organized, typically allowing for efficient access or manipulation of the data; (also) a collection of data having a particular structure.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > data > [noun] > structure

data structure1960

1960 IRE Trans. Space Electronics & Telemetry 6 6 The decoding program also includes provision for recognizing the time and data structure when partially camouflaged by noise.

1973 C. W. Gear Introd. Computer Sci. vii. 265 The data structure must indicate which reservations a passenger holds and what passengers are booked on each flight.

1984 J. Hilton Choosing & using your Home Computer vi. 146 Meaning is given to those bytes by the data structure that the central processor imposes.

2007 S. Venugopal Data Structures Outside In with Java ii. 97 An unordered list would be the most appropriate data structure in this case.

data suit n. (also DataSuit) Computing a garment-like device containing sensors which allow the movement of the wearer's body to be translated into movement in a virtual reality environment; cf. data glove n.

ΚΠ

1988 Byte Sept. 288/1 VPL specializes in devices that let you manipulate an on-screen ‘virtual’ device that is the same shape as the actual input device. The firm now has two commercial products: the DataGlove and the DataSuit.

1993 Third Way May 14/2 Imagine pulling on a data suit to enter a world of ‘dungeons and dragons’ in which you can not only create a monster, you can actually be it.

2008 R. Jütte in M. Grünwald Human Haptic Perception 12/2 The ‘data suit’, with its armoury of pressure- and temperature-sensitive sensors, represents a further development of the glove.

data terminal n. Computing a terminal allowing data to be entered into or accessed from a computer system; cf. terminal n. 3c.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] > workstation

data terminal1958

terminal1958

satellite1961

workstation1972

1958 Brit. Patent 804,809 2/2 We provide an electrostatic storage system having..circuit means coupling said amplifying means to the cathode ray tube storage device and to gating means coupled to a data terminal.

1979 New Scientist 27 Sept. 973/2 A New York bank teller stole $1½ million over three years through a remote data terminal.

2009 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 17 Mar. a3/1 Deputies using mobile data terminals inside their vehicles will be able to send and receive information in nearly all corners of the county.

data trail n. an electronic record of the transactions or activities of a particular person, organization, etc.Now esp. with reference to a person's financial transactions, telephone and internet usage, etc.

ΚΠ

1967 Internal Auditing Electronic Data Processing Syst. (Inst. Internal Auditors) iv. 9/2 Provision should be made for a transaction tape to be created of all messages received and sent. It might be pointed out that this data trail is necessary not only for our needs but for certain outside agencies, i.e., Internal Revenue Service.

1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 19 Mar. Data trails are already being created by credit card companies, and people aren't afraid.

2008 H. Abelson et al. Blown to Bits ii. 69 His data trail indicated that he could not have been at the party long enough, or at the right time, to have committed the alleged rape.

data type n. Computing a particular type of data item, as defined by the operations that can be performed on it or the values it can take (e.g. numeric, alphanumeric, Boolean, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > data type

data type1963

1963 IEEE Trans. Electronic Computers 12 710/1 The left-hand 3-bit character is used to indicate the specific data type (integer, symbolic, unspecified, etc.).

1983 InfoWorld 10 Oct. 56/3 There is an argument here as to whether at least data type, numeric or literal, should be checked.

2010 M. Macdonald Excel 2010: Missing Man. ii. 67 When you type in either false or true.., Excel automatically recognizes the data type as Boolean value instead of text.

data warehouse n. a database in which data is collected from several different sources within a commercial organization in order to make it more accessible, typically used for informing management decisions; cf. data mart n.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun]

database1955

customer database1975

data warehouse1975

data mart1992

1975 Television/Radio Age 17 Feb. 63/1 Instant access to any information stored in a central computer's ‘data warehouse’ would be at salespeoples' fingertips.

1998 Industry Standard 29 June 13 (advt.) A global sales staff can access a 7 by 24 data warehouse, easily search through inventory data, and put together advertising packages for their customers.

2005 CIO 15 June 32/1 We decided that a data warehouse and Web-based reporting system would be the ideal solution.

data warehousing n. the practice of collecting into a single database data from several sources within a commercial organization in order to make it more accessible, typically used for informing management decisions; cf. data warehouse n.

ΚΠ

1966 N.Y. Times 30 Oct. ix. 43/2 (advt.) International & Nationwide Data Warehousing & M.I.S. Processing Centers Staffing Now!]

1991 Software Mag. Apr. 16 By 1995, none of us will be writing application-specific code..but will be working on data ‘warehousing’.

1994 Computer Weekly 16 June 22/3 Based on subjects as opposed to applications, data warehousing often serves as a decision-support tool for management.

2010 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 18 Oct. b4 EMC acquired Greenplum in July, giving it some of the top data warehousing software in the market.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	data
释义	datan. Brit. /ˈdeɪtə/, /ˈdɑːtə/, U.S. /ˈdædə/, /ˈdeɪdə/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin data, datum. Etymology: < classical Latin data, plural of datum datum n. Compare earlier datum n. and also the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry.The use of data as a mass noun became increasingly common from the middle of the 20th cent., probably partly popularized by its use in computing contexts, in which it is now generally considered standard (compare sense 2b and the recent uses cited at datum n. 1b, some of which are ambiguous as to grammatical number). However, in general and scientific contexts it is still sometimes regarded as objectionable. Compare the plural uses cited at datum n. and the following:1949 Nature 19 Nov. 890/1 ‘Data’ was a plural noun; for literate English writers it still is, and I contend that it always should be.1978 P. Howard Weasel Words xiii. 63 Data stubbornly persists in trying to become an English singular.1990 Psychologist 13 31/1 A staggeringly large number of psychologists fail to appreciate that ‘data’ should be followed by the plural form of the verb. 1. As a count noun: an item of information; a datum; a set of data. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > [noun] > piece of somewhatc1175 communication1481 informationa1527 intelligence1570 adviso1591 intelligencies1623 data1645 footnote1711 steer1899 mail1975 1645 T. Urquhart Trissotetras 53 The verticall Angles, according to the diversity of the three Cases being by the foresaid Datas thus obtained. 1764 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 509 I collected the datas chiefly from those excellent coin notes. 1807 Salmagundi 24 Nov. 366 My grandfather..took a data from his own excellent heart. 1910 Oologist 27 20/1 To make the markings on the eggs gibe with the datas is something of a chore. 2006 Cancer Causes & Control 17 1055/2 These datas were likely not missing at random. 2. As a mass noun. a. Related items of (chiefly numerical) information considered collectively, typically obtained by scientific work and used for reference, analysis, or calculation. Cf. datum n. 1a.source data: see the first element. ΚΠ 1702 R. Morden Introd. Astron. i. 103 And by this Data there are twelve Problems resolved. 1826 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 1 340 Inconsistent data sometimes produces a correct result. This, however, only happens..when part of the data is allowed to lie dormant. 1888 Pump Court 5 May 56/2 In the Northampton [table] the data is taken from the actual deaths of a floating population. 1902 A. S. Tompkins Hist. Rec. Rock Co., N.Y. 46 There is but little data to estimate Indian populations. 1936 J. Buchan Island of Sheep vii. 132 I've been collecting data about him and it's mighty interesting. 1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists May 200/2 The only biomedical data which remains classified is in piecemeal or incomplete form. 1983 J. C. Quicker Homegirls iii. 58 This data comes from..numerous interviews with gang girls. 2010 Observer 21 Feb. 7/2 Data on long-term effects on healthy users was not yet available. b. Computing. Quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer, considered collectively. Also (in non-technical contexts): information in digital form. Cf. datum n. 1b.In technical contexts sometimes contrasted with information (information n. 2e). ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > [noun] > information as processed by machines > units of binary digit1796 data1946 bit1948 ASCII1963 byte1964 1946 C. N. Mooers in Moore School Lect. (1985) 524 The data is stored in the memory in a systematic fashion with the points numbered in sequence. 1957 New Scientist 9 May 14 It is useful..to have some measure of ‘volume of data’, which has nothing to do with the medium on which the data is stored. 1964 Proc. AFIPS Conf. 26 i. 219 Data is transferred to main storage as soon as two bytes are accumulated. 1977 Catal. & Index xlvi. 8 A format designed to reflect..the way the data is stored in the computer. 1987 New Scientist 3 Sept. 37/1 This data streams on, and off, the tape at the very high rate of 170 kilobytes/s. 1992 MacUser 21 Feb. 12 (advt.) Our hard disk has crashed and irreplaceable data is lost forever. 2009 Guardian (Nexis) 10 Dec. (Technol. section) 6 A lot of your data isn't under your direct control—it's on web-based email servers, in some corporate database, or in a cloud computing app. Compounds C1. General attributive. data analysis n. ΚΠ 1932 N.Y. Times 10 Apr. ii. 15/1 (heading) Improved credit data analyses. 1983 Sci. Amer. May 107/2 The prospect of bootstrapping the entire process of data analysis offers hope that an extremely difficult problem will begin to yield. 2001 School Sci. Rev. Dec. 26/1 Graphs are an important part of data analysis and are closely connected to statistics, since the choice of graph is connected to the choice of statistical test. data handling n. ΚΠ 1950 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 4 238 (title) Automatic data handling techniques, including recording and reduction. 1971 R. Brewer Approach to Print x. 120 This is simple data handling and, when input to the computer, the corrections can be automatically incorporated in a fresh tape. 2000 New Scientist 4 Nov. 35/1 Fields that were unimaginable sixty years ago: pattern recognition, terabyte data handling, computer algorithmics. data loss n. ΚΠ 1954 Milbank Memorial Fund Q. 32 388 It should be remembered, thus, that two types of data loss are built into this present analysis. 1979 Intelligent Machines Jrnl. 3 Oct. 22/1 Fast- or slow-running drives cause data loss and incompatibility between diskettes. 2007 Mac Life Aug. 43 (advt.) Guarding against data loss..by writing the same information to two separate drives. data security n. ΚΠ 1969 Accounting Rev. 44 590 (heading) Processing and data security controls. 1991 D. Russell & G. T. Gangemi Computer Security Basics (1992) x. 256 The TEMPEST technology described in this chapter may get a new lease on life, providing human security as well as data security. 2003 Computerworld (Electronic text) 31 Mar. A data security breach caused by cyberattack or digital terrorism. data transfer n. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > transfer or manipulation data transfer1935 reading1946 read-out1946 block move1962 read1970 1935 U.S. Patent 1,997,156 3/1 Means for effecting the transfer of data, and means for preventing a data transfer operation between the paper strip and the perforated section of the card. 1959 J. Jeenel Programming for Digital Computers v. 253 Techniques for data transfers to and from magnetic disks. 1985 Personal Computer World Feb. 192/2 To control this data transfer various protocols exist which ensure a method of recovering data errors. 2005 J. Corbet et al. Linux Device Drivers (ed. 3) xv. 441 Data transfer can be triggered in two ways: either the software asks for data..or the hardware asynchronously pushes data to the system. data transmission n. ΚΠ 1913 Jrnl. U.S. Artillery 39 80 The faults of data transmission by telephone between the plotting room and the guns, were met by the construction and use of a mechanical transmitter. 1976 Times 8 June 10/8 In data transmission, the new ‘packet switching’ technique..is being applied in a number of networks. 2004 Broadband World Sept. 35/1 This type of card uses a 2.4GHz frequency and has a data transmission speed of up to 11Mbps. C2. data acquisition n. [compare German Datengewinnung (1947 or earlier)] = data capture n. ΚΠ 1954 IRE Trans. Information Theory 4 158 Let it be assumed..that the data acquisition is relatively slow, so that successive noise samples can be considered independent. 1988 InfoWorld 10 Oct. s13/3 Its capability to work with actual instruments takes it beyond simulation into the world of actual data acquisition and analysis. 2006 Pop. Sci. Nov. 58/1 GPS navigation, live data acquisition and real-time telemetry are standard. databank n. a repository of information or data; (now esp.) one held in computer storage. ΚΠ 1960 Midwest Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 4 218 The archives that contain this material provide a ‘data bank’ available for instructional purposes. 1970 Daily Tel. 8 Oct. 9/4 Data banks containing comprehensive personal files covering criminal records, health records, income tax and so on. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xiii. 269 Can we trust the security of databanks and databases in our high-tech world? data capture n. the action or process of gathering data in digital form, esp. automatically from a sensory device; cf. capture n. 1e. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [noun] data entry1930 data processing1944 read-in1946 input1948 ADP1955 data capture1962 capture1971 1962 A. D. Meacham & V. B. Thompson Total Syst. 70/1 Once the data processing system is operating, attention can be given to automating data capture. 1992 CU Amiga May 191/3 The other method of real world data capture is via a scanner. 2003 CSO May 60/2 The task of data capture has been considerably complicated in recent years by the increased use of encryption in the blackhat community. data communication n. (a) transmission of digital data, esp. between computer systems; (b) (in plural with singular agreement and (also) in singular) the branch of electronic engineering concerned with this. ΚΠ 1952 Navigation 3 158/2 Means to correlate traffic data automatically and present it most effectively for use of the human controller..e.g...voice and data communication between air and ground. 1962 Engin. & Sci. Feb. 5 (advt.) Examining new phenomena in..data communications and photochemistry. 1970 O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing xi. 155 Data transmission, or data communication, is a modern name for telegraphy. 1984 Which Micro? Dec. 51 (advt.) High-speed data communications between you and..friends. 2002 Computer Weekly 17 Jan. 24/2 A product that could revolutionise the data communications and storage industries. 2010 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 17 Oct. b2 Network-management software for data communication between computer networks. data density n. Computing the amount of data that can be stored per unit length or area of a storage medium. ΚΠ 1961 S. L. Smith in H. L. Stiltz Aerospace Telemetry x. 358 Displacements caused by the mechanical tolerances..control the data density, or number of ‘bits per inch’, that may be recorded. 1982 InfoWorld 2 Aug. 68/1 The new drive provides 165 megabytes of unformatted capacity..with a data density of 6330 bits per inch. 2006 Computer Weekly (Nexis) 12 Sept. Data density (the amount of information that can be squeezed into a square inch of hard disc space). data dictionary n. Computing a collection of metadata describing the contents, format, and structure of a database and the relationship between its elements, used for controlling access to and manipulation of the database. ΚΠ 1973 Brit. Patent 1,327,962 7/1 All the merged and sorted data base program information from step 35 is stored in the portion of work space 1120 of the disk pack on file 128 called ‘file 23’. Another name given this file is the ‘data dictionary’. 1992 UNIX Today! 17 Feb. sf8/5 He would still like to see ADS..automatically import schema changes into its own data dictionary. 2009 K. L. Baldauf & R. M. Stair Succeeding with Technol. (ed. 3) vii. 398 Another important step in creating a database is to establish a data dictionary, a detailed description of all data used in the database. data dump n. (a) Computing the transferral of a large amount of data from one system, location, etc., to another; (also) the data itself; (b) = info-dump n. ΚΠ 1965 OR 16 210 This data dump plays an important part on the SIMPAC system, since very little analysis is done during the run, this all being reserved for a post-run program. 1977 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 71 308/1 A massive data dump of 303 demographic and economic characteristics of congressional districts. 1988 A. C. Clarke 2061: Odyssey Three (1989) xiii. 45 The deputy chief astronomer..had called van der Berg as soon as the latest data dump had been evaluated. 1994 Interzone May 62/3 It's a sequel to Warrior..but there are enough data-dumps in the early chapters for this to be optional. 2003 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 15 Apr. 37 The system that runs the tolling function does a daily data dump. 2007 Neo Apr. 35 The group geek delivers such a huge expository data dump that his speech balloon takes up the whole page and crowds his audience into the margins. data element n. Computing an item of data within a database or other collection of data. ΚΠ 1940 U.S. Patent 2,192,679 1/1 The slide rule operation of the invention insures that each data element..spends a predetermined time in a particular data group or field on the display board. 1978 F. B. Baker Computer Managed Instr. iii. 70 The data base record for each student can contain up to roughly 2,000 data elements. 2008 M. Alexander Excel 2007 Dashboards & Rep. for Dummies ii. 28 Flat files are data repositories organized by row and column. Each row corresponds to a set of data elements, or a record. data entry n. Computing (a) an item of data in a database, table, etc.; (b) the process or an act of entering data into a computer, typically using a keyboard; frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [noun] data entry1930 data processing1944 read-in1946 input1948 ADP1955 data capture1962 capture1971 1930 U.S. Patent 1,775,117 5/1 In an accounting machine, a plurality of entry receiving elements adapted to receive and accumulate successive data entries. 1959 Arizona Republic 18 Oct. 15/7 (advt.) Original data entry equipment. 1983 G. Wiederhold Database Design (ed. 2) v. 260 If an error can be detected while the source of the data is still available, the cost of correction may be only a few times the cost of the original data entry. 1998 InfoWorld 14 Sept. 60/1 One feature..decreases the chance of inaccurate data entries. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Apr. a19/5 The city has already invested millions of dollars to modernize methods of data entry. data field n. a section of a record, esp. in a database, in which an item of data is entered; each of the particular types of data held in a database; cf. field n.¹ 19. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > unit of data data point1910 data field1929 descriptor1954 item1954 record1957 data packet1959 field1959 struct1971 datagram1976 1929 Brit. Patent 302,314 9/9 A previous inventory perforated strip P1, the separate data fields of which give, inter alia, the following data [etc.]. 1978 Proc. Colonial Waterbird Group 1 145 Blank data fields are read as zeroes. 1987 ABA Jrnl. 1 Aug. 132/1 A new feature is the user's ability to define 15 new data fields, in addition to the existing fields in the database. 2005 Org. Gardening Dec. 57 Set up data fields (plant name, height, flower color, and so on), then assign each plant its own record. data file n. a file containing data, as opposed (in Computing) to program instructions. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > [noun] > file data file1895 file1954 audio file1956 disc file1957 computer file1964 doc1986 1895 Rep. Secretary Agric. 95 The data files of this Bureau have been consulted, in person and through correspondence, by several thousand persons during the year. 1984 Which Micro? Dec. 51 (advt.) You can store up to 50 different data files per cartridge. 2003 Daily Tel. 24 June 33/5 The data files on your hard disk drive are normally still intact and can be recovered. data glove n. (also DataGlove) Computing a glove-like device with sensors which detect movement of the wearer's hand and fingers, allowing the manual manipulation of objects in a virtual reality environment; cf. data suit n. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > peripherals > [noun] > control devices > dataglove data glove1987 1987 Proc. SPIE 726 396 The DataGlove is a lightweight, glove-like device that electronically records and transmits data-records of hand and finger shape and dynamics to a host computer by measuring the amount of joint bend, finger abduction, and thumb circumduction. 1994 N. N. Knupfer in D. M. Moore & F. M. Dwyer Visual Literacy xiii. 228 The player might wear..a manipulative device such as a data glove to control a particular action. 2009 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 3 Feb. 8 There's not much good being able to see something if you can't touch it, and that's essentially what this ‘data glove’ will let you do when playing video games. data highway n. see highway n. 5. data integrity n. chiefly Computing accuracy and consistency of data; freedom of data from corruption. ΚΠ 1963 IEE Trans. Aerospace 1 262/1 Data integrity is maintained by incorporating into the master file all changes, additions, and deletions affecting the line item during its contract life. 1986 ABA Jrnl. 1 June 90/1 Laser-read compact disks provide greater data integrity than magnetic media. 2007 CIO Aug. 43 (advt.) Add reliability and data integrity to your databases. data link n. Computing and Telecommunications a telecommunications link over which data is transmitted; cf. link n.² 3f. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > link or network > types of star1924 star network1924 data link1953 downlink1963 uplink1968 integrated services digital network1974 ISDN1974 UMTS1990 1953 Trans. IRE Professional Group Aeronaut. & Navigational Electronics 8 6 (title) Over-all system considerations in the design of a data link. 1982 InfoWorld 27 Sept. 64/4 Simply replace the handset in the telephone, and the data link will terminate. 2004 Computer Weekly 23 Mar. 6/5 Users test for vulnerable data links by checking their telephone extensions for unauthorised modems. data logger n. a device which allows a series of measurements from an external sensor to be automatically recorded, typically in digital form; cf. logger n.¹ 2. ΚΠ 1954 Chem. Week 4 Sept. 41/2 The punched-tape record from the data logger bypasses the manual operations. 1983 Pop. Sci. Feb. 57/2 A data logger was put on each floor to record the readings of the thermistors every 20 minutes. 2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 23 Jan. 38 This electronic equipment..is able to measure the temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, sunshine, and ground conditions at frequent intervals... The data are stored electronically on a data-logger. data logging n. the action or process of recording data, esp. automatically using a data logger; frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1951 J. Procopi in R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. VII. 909 Manual chores in the research laboratory, such as data logging and tedious curve plotting. 1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors xiii. 157 Instrumentation of a nuclear power reactor is commonly undertaken on a very large scale and incorporates data-logging equipment. 2009 Brisbane News (Nexis) 18 Feb. 28 Hearing aids have a data logging system that collects information on hearing preferences such as the environment you are in, volume changes and program usage. data mart n. a database containing data relevant to a particular function, department, etc., of a commercial organization, designed to be easily accessed by users; cf. data warehouse n. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] database1955 customer database1975 data warehouse1975 data mart1992 1992 Network World 2 Nov. 9/2 Most will build ‘datamarts’, which are LAN databases containing corporate, workgroup or personal data. 2006 1to1 Mag. Jan. 32/2 By increasing this data mart to include daily data, we are able to analyze every night all of the movements and operations by our customers. data marting n. the practice of collecting into a single database data relevant to a particular function, department, etc., of a commercial organization, so that it can be easily accessed by users; cf. data warehousing n. ΚΠ 1996 Business Wire (Nexis) 5 Feb. Providing end-users access to the [data] warehouse has typically involved building a network infrastructure, data marting [etc.]. 2006 Technol. Decisions (Nexis) July 20 Currently Wilton Re is building its first software from scratch for its business intelligence layer, in particular, data warehousing and data marting. data mining n. the process or practice of examining large collections of data in order to generate new information, typically using specialized computer software. ΚΠ 1962 Amer. Econ. Rev. 52 223 After a shameless amount of data mining, my best candidate explains capital outlays with GNP, a measure of liquidity flow, and a variable representing excess capacity. 1993 Computer Weekly 28 Oct. 42/2 Data mining has already been used successfully by the police to track down fraud and to establish links between different criminals. 2007 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 8 June b8 Google's business model requires that it do the most extensive data mining possible on individuals. data packet n. Computing a discrete unit of data; esp. = packet n. 3b; cf. packet data at packet n. 3b. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > unit of data data point1910 data field1929 descriptor1954 item1954 record1957 data packet1959 field1959 struct1971 datagram1976 1959 J. Jeenel Programming for Digital Computers v. 283 Nor does it require the identification codes to be carried in storage as part of the data packets. 1969 Information Processing 68, Proc. IFIP Congr. 1968 2 737/2 The interactions between remote ICs will be controlled by means of status packets distinguished from data packets by a characteristic in the first byte of the message area. 2006 A. Sheppard Skype Hacks iv. 134 You can address high packet loss by improving your network connection, specifically by giving Skype data packets higher priority than other data packets. data path n. Computing a bus (bus n.¹ 2b) over which data is transmitted. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry > signal path bus1946 data path1947 highway1949 address bus1956 1947 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 2 363 The number of switches is roughly proportional to the number of parallel data paths and hence to the speed and size of the computer. 1976 New Scientist 17 June 627/2 The most elementary microprocessor is a bit-serial processor—in other words, a microprocessor with all registers and data paths one bit wide. 2006 Maximum PC June 9/2 Intel has compensated by adding more pipelines, widening some datapaths, and making other improvements. data point n. an item of data; a piece of information. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > unit of data data point1910 data field1929 descriptor1954 item1954 record1957 data packet1959 field1959 struct1971 datagram1976 1910 Jrnl. Assoc. Engin. Soc. 44 338 As in other similar formulæ, it is not wise to extrapolate too far beyond actual data points. 1979 Pop. Sci. May 76/1 Finding out how efficient a solar-energy collector is..may involve calculations with hundreds of data points. 2009 Billboard 25 Apr. 9/1 There was also another striking data point: 71% of the brands spent 5% or less of their marketing budgets on music. data port n. Electronics and Computing = port n.³ 7b. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry > port data port1970 port1970 parallel port1978 1970 IEEE Trans. Communication Technol. 18 640/1 The assumption is made that the data set will serve its data ports on an auto answer-only basis. 1995 InfoWorld 6 Feb. 41/2 To make a call, plug the modem into the data port under the hook switch. 2011 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 3 Mar. b8 Apple and Intel have just put their might behind something they are calling Thunderbolt, a new type of data port that can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. data reduction n. see reduction n. 9e. data retrieval n. Computing the retrieval of data stored in a computer. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > access or retrieval access1948 retrieval1954 data retrieval1955 drill-down1987 1955 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 260 444/1 Part 3 lists companies alphabetically under separate classifications (adding machines, Card-to-Tape Converters, Data Retrieval, etc.) and lists the products or services they rent or sell. 1972 Computers & Humanities 7 8 This system uses synonym dictionaries..for data retrieval on the IBM 7094 and 360/65. 2007 Computer Weekly (Nexis) 23 Oct. Holstein UK has consolidated its storage infrastructure to make data retrieval quicker and easier. data sheet n. a document containing a summary of data or other useful information; spec. one providing the specifications for a particular product. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > [noun] > in writing monument1555 monuments of letters1555 dossier1880 data sheet1890 fact sheet1919 1890 Technic (Univ. Michigan) 97 The clearance being one-half the total equivalent stroke of cylinder and clearance space minus the stroke as shown by the data sheet. 1971 Amateur Photographer 3 Mar. 31 This, No. 1 in a series of data sheets covering all major facets of photography, provides basic information on the general purpose black-and-white films on the market. 2000 Building Design 18 Feb. 6/6 (advt.) Instant access to the most comprehensive database of product specifications, catalogues, data sheets and supplier information. data smog n. a confusing mass of information, esp. from the internet, in which the erroneous, trivial, or irrelevant cannot be easily or efficiently separated from what is of genuine value or interest (often in figurative context); obfuscation generated by this; cf. information overload n. at information n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1993 D. Shenk in Next Progressive Sept. 7 (heading) Data smog. 1997 D. Shenk Data Smog 16 We..routinely find ourselves burdened by problems of excess. Now, for all the wonders of the information revolution, a menacing cloud of ‘data smog’ has drifted in. 1999 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 7 Oct. a13 The solid investigations are often lost in the ‘data smog’ of fluff, ads and unedited information. 2008 Training Jrnl. July 34/3 There is a huge amount of data smog out there, characterised by the constant stream of low value information that gets pumped out to us every day. data stream n. Computing a continuous flow of data from one location to another; also in extended use. ΚΠ 1959 IRE Trans. Circuit Theory 6 4/1 The role of a sequence transducer between its [sc. a Turing machine's] input and output data streams. 1996 Guardian 13 May ii. 12/5 We are simply tapping into a vast datastream, bringing bank statements, the latest Nintendo game, our favourite programmes at times convenient to us. 2007 Maximum PC Aug. 10/2 Popfly enables users to tie together data streams from a number of external sources—Flickr, Google Base, and RSS feeds. data structure n. Computing the form in which a collection of data is organized, typically allowing for efficient access or manipulation of the data; (also) a collection of data having a particular structure. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > [noun] > structure data structure1960 1960 IRE Trans. Space Electronics & Telemetry 6 6 The decoding program also includes provision for recognizing the time and data structure when partially camouflaged by noise. 1973 C. W. Gear Introd. Computer Sci. vii. 265 The data structure must indicate which reservations a passenger holds and what passengers are booked on each flight. 1984 J. Hilton Choosing & using your Home Computer vi. 146 Meaning is given to those bytes by the data structure that the central processor imposes. 2007 S. Venugopal Data Structures Outside In with Java ii. 97 An unordered list would be the most appropriate data structure in this case. data suit n. (also DataSuit) Computing a garment-like device containing sensors which allow the movement of the wearer's body to be translated into movement in a virtual reality environment; cf. data glove n. ΚΠ 1988 Byte Sept. 288/1 VPL specializes in devices that let you manipulate an on-screen ‘virtual’ device that is the same shape as the actual input device. The firm now has two commercial products: the DataGlove and the DataSuit. 1993 Third Way May 14/2 Imagine pulling on a data suit to enter a world of ‘dungeons and dragons’ in which you can not only create a monster, you can actually be it. 2008 R. Jütte in M. Grünwald Human Haptic Perception 12/2 The ‘data suit’, with its armoury of pressure- and temperature-sensitive sensors, represents a further development of the glove. data terminal n. Computing a terminal allowing data to be entered into or accessed from a computer system; cf. terminal n. 3c. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] > workstation data terminal1958 terminal1958 satellite1961 workstation1972 1958 Brit. Patent 804,809 2/2 We provide an electrostatic storage system having..circuit means coupling said amplifying means to the cathode ray tube storage device and to gating means coupled to a data terminal. 1979 New Scientist 27 Sept. 973/2 A New York bank teller stole $1½ million over three years through a remote data terminal. 2009 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 17 Mar. a3/1 Deputies using mobile data terminals inside their vehicles will be able to send and receive information in nearly all corners of the county. data trail n. an electronic record of the transactions or activities of a particular person, organization, etc.Now esp. with reference to a person's financial transactions, telephone and internet usage, etc. ΚΠ 1967 Internal Auditing Electronic Data Processing Syst. (Inst. Internal Auditors) iv. 9/2 Provision should be made for a transaction tape to be created of all messages received and sent. It might be pointed out that this data trail is necessary not only for our needs but for certain outside agencies, i.e., Internal Revenue Service. 1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 19 Mar. Data trails are already being created by credit card companies, and people aren't afraid. 2008 H. Abelson et al. Blown to Bits ii. 69 His data trail indicated that he could not have been at the party long enough, or at the right time, to have committed the alleged rape. data type n. Computing a particular type of data item, as defined by the operations that can be performed on it or the values it can take (e.g. numeric, alphanumeric, Boolean, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > programming language > program or code > [noun] > data type data type1963 1963 IEEE Trans. Electronic Computers 12 710/1 The left-hand 3-bit character is used to indicate the specific data type (integer, symbolic, unspecified, etc.). 1983 InfoWorld 10 Oct. 56/3 There is an argument here as to whether at least data type, numeric or literal, should be checked. 2010 M. Macdonald Excel 2010: Missing Man. ii. 67 When you type in either false or true.., Excel automatically recognizes the data type as Boolean value instead of text. data warehouse n. a database in which data is collected from several different sources within a commercial organization in order to make it more accessible, typically used for informing management decisions; cf. data mart n. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] database1955 customer database1975 data warehouse1975 data mart1992 1975 Television/Radio Age 17 Feb. 63/1 Instant access to any information stored in a central computer's ‘data warehouse’ would be at salespeoples' fingertips. 1998 Industry Standard 29 June 13 (advt.) A global sales staff can access a 7 by 24 data warehouse, easily search through inventory data, and put together advertising packages for their customers. 2005 CIO 15 June 32/1 We decided that a data warehouse and Web-based reporting system would be the ideal solution. data warehousing n. the practice of collecting into a single database data from several sources within a commercial organization in order to make it more accessible, typically used for informing management decisions; cf. data warehouse n. ΚΠ 1966 N.Y. Times 30 Oct. ix. 43/2 (advt.) International & Nationwide Data Warehousing & M.I.S. Processing Centers Staffing Now!] 1991 Software Mag. Apr. 16 By 1995, none of us will be writing application-specific code..but will be working on data ‘warehousing’. 1994 Computer Weekly 16 June 22/3 Based on subjects as opposed to applications, data warehousing often serves as a decision-support tool for management. 2010 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 18 Oct. b4 EMC acquired Greenplum in July, giving it some of the top data warehousing software in the market. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1645
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