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单词 december
释义

Decembern.

Brit. /dᵻˈsɛmbə/, U.S. /diˈsɛmbər/, /dəˈsɛmbər/
Forms: Old English– December, Middle English Decembir, Middle English Decembyr, Middle English Descember, Middle English Descembre, Middle English–1500s Decembre, 1500s–1600s Desember; Scottish pre-1700 Decembir, pre-1700 Descemar, pre-1700 Desember, pre-1700 Discembar, pre-1700 Discembre, pre-1700 Dissember, pre-1700 Dissymbre, pre-1700 1700s– December. Also represented by the abbreviations Dec, Dec., Decr, Decem., Decemb, Decembr., Xber, Xbr, Xbre, 10ber, 10br, 10bre.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin December; French decembre.
Etymology: Originally < classical Latin December (see below); subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman december, Anglo-Norman and Old French decembre (1119; Middle French decembre , French décembre ) < classical Latin Decembr- , December , use as noun (short for mēnsis December ) of masculine of December of December < decem ten (see decem- comb. form; the tenth month of the year in the ancient Roman calendar) + -ber (also -bris), suffix of uncertain origin, occurring in the names of months. Compare Old Occitan dezembre (13th cent.), Catalan desembre (late 13th cent.), Spanish diciembre (first half of the 13th cent. as deziembre), Portuguese dezembro (13th cent.), Italian dicembre (1211 as deciembre); also Middle Dutch december (Dutch december), Middle High German december (German Dezember), Old Swedish december (Swedish december).On the development of the ancient Roman calendar see note at September n. In Old English and Middle English texts, Latin December (and variants) is often used for the month (in Old English sometimes alongside the vernacular names Ǣrra Gēola , Gēolmōnað ; compare also midwinter month n.), e.g.:OE Menologium 220 Þænne folcum bringð morgen to mannum monað to tune, Decembris drihta bearnum, Ærra Iula.OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Corpus Cambr. 196) Dec. 261 Se monað ys nemned on Leden Decembris, and on ure geþeode se Ærra Geola.a1450 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe i. §10. 6 Next the cercle of the dayes folweth the Cercle of the names of the Monthes; þat is to sayen, Ianuare, Februare..Novembre, Decembre.
The twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, containing 31 days and falling after November.Also figurative and personified, with reference to December's position at the end of the year and its cold weather.In the northern hemisphere the winter solstice occurs in December, which is now usually regarded as the first month of winter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > a month or calendar month > specific months > [noun] > December
DecemberOE
xr1624
Dec.-
OE Tables of Lucky & Unlucky Days (Vitell. E.xviii) in K. Malone & M. B. Ruud Stud. Eng. Philol. in Honor of F. Klaeber (1929) 273 Þæt is..se forma mon[andæg on A]gustusmonðe, and se æftemesta monandæg on Decembres monðe, ær he gange of tune.
OE Tables of Lucky & Unlucky Days (Corpus Cambr. 391) in K. Malone & M. B. Ruud Stud. in Eng. Philol. in Honor of F. Klaeber (1929) 260 Þæt is an þære daga on æftewardan Decembre, and ii on forewardan Ianuarii þam monðe.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 8440 (MED) Þe endleueþe dai of decembre þe toun hii wonne so.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24916 Þat moneth Þat man clepes o þe yeir Decembre [a1400 Coll. Phys. December, a1400 Gött. Decembir, a1400 Fairf. descembre].
1468 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 20 Written at London, 9 of December.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 24v O dirtie December For Chriestmas remember.
1593 T. Morley Madrigals, ‘Aprill is my mistris face’ Within her bosom is September, But in her heart a cold December.
a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) i. ii. 8 Don't you see December in her face?
1775 N. W. Wraxall Cursory Remarks Tour N. Europe 88 The weather, which..was become in a few hours as cold and piercing as our Decembers.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. xxi. 22 Alike to him was time, or tide, December's snow, or July's pride.
1838 J. D. Canning Poems 159 December comes wrapp'd in his snows, Stormy and cold, and white with frosty breath.
1899 Amer. Jrnl. Theol. 3 3 On December 25 the shortest day is past, and the day begins to wax again.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. 356 Marry in May and repent in December.
1997 Boxing News 19 Dec. 12/1 He turned 38 on December 11.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as December day, December lover, December month, etc.
ΚΠ
OE Tables of Lucky & Unlucky Days (Corpus Cambr. 391) in K. Malone & M. B. Ruud Stud. in Eng. Philol. in Honor of F. Klaeber (1929) 273 Þæt is..se æftemæste monandæg on Decembermonað, ær he gange of tune.
a1425 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1912) 128 288 (MED) December þonder toneth plente of all gode and loue and pes a-mong all men.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 261 Or wallow naked in December snow. View more context for this quotation
a1679 Earl of Orrery Guzman (1693) iii Were our Hearts as much mortified as those December-Lovers Looks!
1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies iv. 149 Pleasant December days.
2001 Today's Pilot Feb. 16/1 It was a clear, crisp December day, simply made for flying, and my mount for the morning's flying was a very clean 152 Trainer.
C2.
December moth n. a greyish-brown Eurasian moth, Poecilocampa populi (family Lasiocampidae), which flies in late autumn and early winter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Lasiocampidae > poecilocampa populi (December moth)
December moth1766
1766 M. Harris Aurelian 66 The December-Moth, is indeed hairy.
1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 38 The December Moth (Pœcilocampa Populi..) appears in December.
1909 F. V. Theobald Insect & Other Allied Pests 34 The December Moth... The natural food plants of this insect in its caterpillar stage are poplar, lime, oak,..aspen and whitethorn.
2005 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 25 Feb. 8 Apart from a few unusual species such as the December moth that flies on winter nights,..most moths and many butterflies pass the winter as pupae.

Derivatives

Deˈcemberish adj. resembling or characteristic of December; esp. cold, dark, or dreary.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing
darkOE
unmerryOE
deathlyc1225
dolefulc1275
elengec1275
dreicha1300
coolc1350
cloudyc1374
sada1375
colda1400
deadlya1400
joylessc1400
unjoyful?c1400
disconsolatea1413
mournfula1425
funeralc1425
uncheerfulc1449
dolent1489
dolesome1533
heavy-hearted1555
glum1558
ungladsome1558
black1562
pleasureless1567
dern1570
plaintive?1570
glummish1573
cheerless1575
comfortless1576
wintry1579
glummy1580
funebral1581
discouraging1584
dernful?1591
murk1596
recomfortless1596
sullen1597
amating1600
lugubrious1601
dusky1602
sable1603
funebrial1604
damping1607
mortifying1611
tearful?1611
uncouth1611
dulsome1613
luctual1613
dismal1617
winterous1617
unked1620
mopish1621
godforsaken?1623
uncheerly1627
funebrious1630
lugubrous1632
drearisome1633
unheartsome1637
feral1641
drear1645
darksome1649
sadding1649
saddening1650
disheartening1654
funebrous1654
luctiferous1656
mestifical1656
tristifical1656
sooty1657
dreary1667
tenebrose1677
clouded1682
tragicala1700
funereal1707
gloomy1710
sepulchrala1711
dumpishc1717
bleaka1719
depressive1727
lugubre1727
muzzy1728
dispiriting1733
uncheery1760
unconsolatory1760
unjolly1764
Decemberly1765
sombre1768
uncouthie1768
depressing1772
unmirthful1782
sombrous1789
disanimating1791
Decemberish1793
grey1794
uncheering1796
ungenial1796
uncomforting1798
disencouraginga1806
stern1812
chilling1815
uncheered1817
dejecting1818
mopey1821
desponding1828
wisht1829
leadening1835
unsportful1837
demoralizing1840
Novemberish1840
frigid1844
morne1844
tragic1848
wet-blanketty1848
morgue1850
ungladdeneda1851
adusk1856
smileless1858
soul-sick1858
Novemberya1864
saturnine1863
down1873
lacklustre1883
Heaven-abandoneda1907
downbeat1952
doomy1967
1793 R. Burns Let. 15 Dec. (2003) II. 267 I am in a compleat Decemberish humour, gloomy, sullen, stupid.
1822 A. Cunningham Sir Marmaduke Maxwell ii. iii. 35 Thou'rt welcome as the May-flower—though thy locks Have a Decemberish look.
1953 A. L. Rowse Diaries (2003) 162 The trees now stripped so that the boles gleamed in the gathering Decemberish darkness.
1998 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 6 Dec. f3 The store relies heavily on pedestrian traffic, and although the weather this past week hasn't exactly been Decemberish, it has been good for walking.
Deˈcemberly adj. now rare. = Decemberish adj.; also as adv.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing
darkOE
unmerryOE
deathlyc1225
dolefulc1275
elengec1275
dreicha1300
coolc1350
cloudyc1374
sada1375
colda1400
deadlya1400
joylessc1400
unjoyful?c1400
disconsolatea1413
mournfula1425
funeralc1425
uncheerfulc1449
dolent1489
dolesome1533
heavy-hearted1555
glum1558
ungladsome1558
black1562
pleasureless1567
dern1570
plaintive?1570
glummish1573
cheerless1575
comfortless1576
wintry1579
glummy1580
funebral1581
discouraging1584
dernful?1591
murk1596
recomfortless1596
sullen1597
amating1600
lugubrious1601
dusky1602
sable1603
funebrial1604
damping1607
mortifying1611
tearful?1611
uncouth1611
dulsome1613
luctual1613
dismal1617
winterous1617
unked1620
mopish1621
godforsaken?1623
uncheerly1627
funebrious1630
lugubrous1632
drearisome1633
unheartsome1637
feral1641
drear1645
darksome1649
sadding1649
saddening1650
disheartening1654
funebrous1654
luctiferous1656
mestifical1656
tristifical1656
sooty1657
dreary1667
tenebrose1677
clouded1682
tragicala1700
funereal1707
gloomy1710
sepulchrala1711
dumpishc1717
bleaka1719
depressive1727
lugubre1727
muzzy1728
dispiriting1733
uncheery1760
unconsolatory1760
unjolly1764
Decemberly1765
sombre1768
uncouthie1768
depressing1772
unmirthful1782
sombrous1789
disanimating1791
Decemberish1793
grey1794
uncheering1796
ungenial1796
uncomforting1798
disencouraginga1806
stern1812
chilling1815
uncheered1817
dejecting1818
mopey1821
desponding1828
wisht1829
leadening1835
unsportful1837
demoralizing1840
Novemberish1840
frigid1844
morne1844
tragic1848
wet-blanketty1848
morgue1850
ungladdeneda1851
adusk1856
smileless1858
soul-sick1858
Novemberya1864
saturnine1863
down1873
lacklustre1883
Heaven-abandoneda1907
downbeat1952
doomy1967
1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VIII. ix. 25 In the many bleak and decemberly nights of a seven years widowhood.
1790 R. Burns Let. 6 Dec. (1985) II. 63 I hope that you take care that the sweet little Floweret is properly sheltered in this nipping Decemberly weather.
1839 Mail (Hagers-Town, Maryland) 20 Dec. 1/3 When the cold Decemberly evenings shall arrive.
1910 Times 24 Dec. 14/3 At auction things have been of late rather ‘dull and Decemberly’.
1950 Kingsport (Tennessee) Times-News 23 Apr. It should be that way over twelve months and not just when the sun is Decemberly pale.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Decemberv.

Brit. /dᵻˈsɛmbə/, U.S. /diˈsɛmbər/, /dəˈsɛmbər/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: December n.
Etymology: < December n. In sense 1 after winter v.
rare.
1.
a. intransitive. To pass or spend December. Cf. winter v. 1a(a). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > year > season > [verb (intransitive)] > pass the spring, summer, or winter
winterc1384
summer1440
aestivate1623
perhiemate1623
summerize1797
hibernate1816
spring1835
December1845
overwinter1895
1845 H. F. Chorley Pomfret I. 28 My having Novembered and Decembered at the Park has, of course, given a colour to the tale.
b. transitive. To stay or reside in (a specified place) during December. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1888 Times (Weekly ed.) 7 Dec. 7/1 The Cabinet was seeking a pretext for ‘Decembering’ Paris.
2. transitive. To make characteristic of December; spec. to age.
ΚΠ
1876 J. Ellis Caesar in Egypt 332 Now balls are deserted, and plays unremember'd, And all the May joys prematurely December'd.
2000 E. Glaser Winter Amnesties 75 I live down the days,..The sun Decembered into darkness. What should I crave when the seasons stop?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.OEv.1845
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