degenerationn.

/dɪdʒɛnəˈreɪʃən/

Etymology: < French dégénération (15th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), noun of action < Latin dēgenerāre to degenerate v.: see -ation suffix.

a. The process of degenerating or becoming degenerate; the falling off from ancestral or earlier excellence; declining to a lower or worse stage of being; degradation of nature.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [noun] > making or becoming

impairingc1380

failinga1382

aggrievance1502

decaying1530

fading1578

worsinga1583

rusting1597

degeneration1607

degenerating1611

improvementa1617

going back1631

aggravidizationa1641

disimprovement1649

decidence1655

deterioration1658

pejoration1658

exaggeration1661

marasmus1681

sinking1701

unimprovement1760

worsening1811

worsering1883

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 594 That so he might learne, the difference betwixt his generation, & his degeneration, and consider how great a losse vnto him was his fall in Paradice.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 6 Others conceived it most natural to end in fire..whereby they also declined a visible degeneration into worms.

1661 A. Cowley Proposition Advancem. Exper. Philos. Concl. Capable (as many good Institutions)..of Degeneration into any thing harmful.

a1832 F. D. Maurice Moral & Metaphysical Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 598/1 It is possible in each case to trace the process of degeneration.

b. Biology. A change of structure by which an organism, or some particular organ, becomes less elaborately developed and assumes the form of a lower type.

ΚΠ

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Others hold, that the Degeneration only obtains in Vegetables, and define it the Change of a Plant of one Kind into that of another viler Kind. Thus, say they, Wheat degenerates into Tares... But our latest and best Naturalists maintain such a Degeneration, or Transmutation, to be a Chimera.]

1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. i. 33 Such a degeneration may take place simply from want of use.

1879 E. R. Lankester Degeneration (1880) 32 Degeneration may be defined as a gradual change of the structure in which the organism becomes adapted to less varied and less complex conditions of life.

1879 E. R. Lankester Degeneration (1880) 32 Elaboration of some one organ may be a necessary accompaniment of Degeneration in all the others.

1883 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) In many flowers..the formation of a nectary results from the degeneration of the stamens.

c. Pathology. ‘A morbid change in the structure of parts, consisting in a disintegration of tissue, or in a substitution of a lower for a higher form of structure’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).

ΚΠ

1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 260/2.

1866 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. 47 Fatty degeneration of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of protracted disuse.

1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 193 The gangrenous degeneration rapidly extended.

1883 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) Fatty degeneration..consists in the substitution of oil globules for the healthy protoplasm of cells, or other structures, by transformation..of the protoplasmic compound.

2. The condition of being degenerate; degeneracy.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun]

degeneration?1481

declining1526

declination1533

depravation1561

villainy1564

declension1597

depravedness1623

decadency1632

degenerateness1640

depravity1643

depravement1645

degradation1663

degeneracy1664

degenerousness1678

marasmus1681

debasednessa1720

decadencea1734

demoralization1797

downgrade1857

decadentism1949

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [noun] > degeneracy

degeneration?1481

degeneracy1664

?1481 W. Caxton Orat. G. Flamineus F j Rather..with degeneracion than nobleness.

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) ix. vi. 415 It speaks the degeneration of any Soul..that it should desire to incorporate it self with any..sensual delights.

1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxviii. 368 When the popular notion of its degeneration was actually realized.

†3. Something that has degenerated; a degenerate form or product. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xvii. 147 Cockle, Aracus, Ægilops, and other degenerations which come up in unexpected shapes.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 180 What languages..are dialects, derivations, or degenerations from their originalls.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iv. 453 The Degenerations and Counterfeits of Benevolence.

Derivatives

degeneˈrationist n. one who holds a theory of degeneration.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > pessimism > [noun] > a pessimist

deteriorationist1816

pessimist1827

degenerationist1871

Calamity Jane1876

catastrophist1879

miserabilist1986

Debbie Downer2004

1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 48 The opinions of older writers..whether progressionists or degenerationists.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	degeneration
释义	degenerationn. /dɪdʒɛnəˈreɪʃən/ Etymology: < French dégénération (15th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), noun of action < Latin dēgenerāre to degenerate v.: see -ation suffix. 1. a. The process of degenerating or becoming degenerate; the falling off from ancestral or earlier excellence; declining to a lower or worse stage of being; degradation of nature. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [noun] > making or becoming impairingc1380 failinga1382 aggrievance1502 decaying1530 fading1578 worsinga1583 rusting1597 degeneration1607 degenerating1611 improvementa1617 going back1631 aggravidizationa1641 disimprovement1649 decidence1655 deterioration1658 pejoration1658 exaggeration1661 marasmus1681 sinking1701 unimprovement1760 worsening1811 worsering1883 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 594 That so he might learne, the difference betwixt his generation, & his degeneration, and consider how great a losse vnto him was his fall in Paradice. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 6 Others conceived it most natural to end in fire..whereby they also declined a visible degeneration into worms. 1661 A. Cowley Proposition Advancem. Exper. Philos. Concl. Capable (as many good Institutions)..of Degeneration into any thing harmful. a1832 F. D. Maurice Moral & Metaphysical Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 598/1 It is possible in each case to trace the process of degeneration. b. Biology. A change of structure by which an organism, or some particular organ, becomes less elaborately developed and assumes the form of a lower type. ΚΠ 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Others hold, that the Degeneration only obtains in Vegetables, and define it the Change of a Plant of one Kind into that of another viler Kind. Thus, say they, Wheat degenerates into Tares... But our latest and best Naturalists maintain such a Degeneration, or Transmutation, to be a Chimera.] 1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. i. 33 Such a degeneration may take place simply from want of use. 1879 E. R. Lankester Degeneration (1880) 32 Degeneration may be defined as a gradual change of the structure in which the organism becomes adapted to less varied and less complex conditions of life. 1879 E. R. Lankester Degeneration (1880) 32 Elaboration of some one organ may be a necessary accompaniment of Degeneration in all the others. 1883 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) In many flowers..the formation of a nectary results from the degeneration of the stamens. c. Pathology. ‘A morbid change in the structure of parts, consisting in a disintegration of tissue, or in a substitution of a lower for a higher form of structure’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon). ΚΠ 1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 260/2. 1866 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. 47 Fatty degeneration of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of protracted disuse. 1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 193 The gangrenous degeneration rapidly extended. 1883 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) Fatty degeneration..consists in the substitution of oil globules for the healthy protoplasm of cells, or other structures, by transformation..of the protoplasmic compound. 2. The condition of being degenerate; degeneracy. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] degeneration?1481 declining1526 declination1533 depravation1561 villainy1564 declension1597 depravedness1623 decadency1632 degenerateness1640 depravity1643 depravement1645 degradation1663 degeneracy1664 degenerousness1678 marasmus1681 debasednessa1720 decadencea1734 demoralization1797 downgrade1857 decadentism1949 the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [noun] > degeneracy degeneration?1481 degeneracy1664 ?1481 W. Caxton Orat. G. Flamineus F j Rather..with degeneracion than nobleness. a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) ix. vi. 415 It speaks the degeneration of any Soul..that it should desire to incorporate it self with any..sensual delights. 1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxviii. 368 When the popular notion of its degeneration was actually realized. †3. Something that has degenerated; a degenerate form or product. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xvii. 147 Cockle, Aracus, Ægilops, and other degenerations which come up in unexpected shapes. View more context for this quotation 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 180 What languages..are dialects, derivations, or degenerations from their originalls. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iv. 453 The Degenerations and Counterfeits of Benevolence. Derivatives degeneˈrationist n. one who holds a theory of degeneration.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > pessimism > [noun] > a pessimist deteriorationist1816 pessimist1827 degenerationist1871 Calamity Jane1876 catastrophist1879 miserabilist1986 Debbie Downer2004 1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 48 The opinions of older writers..whether progressionists or degenerationists. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < n.?1481
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