cytochromeadj.n.
/ˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)krəʊm/, U.S. /ˈsaɪdəˌkroʊm/ A. adj.
Histology. In F. Nissl's terminology: designating a class of neurons having a cell body with a small nucleus and little or no distinguishable cytoplasm. disused.
ΚΠ
1895 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 127 Cytochrome cells, nucleus not larger than that of a leucocyte and cell-body scarcely discernible.
1899 Brain 22 248 The cytochrome nerve-cells are small elements which present only a nucleus, the protoplasm being indistinguishable (in preparations by Nissl's method).
1902 Hahnemannian Monthly Mar. 208 Cytochrome nerve-cells: only traces of the cell body are present.
B. n.
1. Histology. In F. Nissl's terminology: any of a class of neurons having a cell body with a small nucleus and little or no distinguishable cytoplasm. disused.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > nerve cell > types of
nerve vesicle1839
brain cell1848
stellate cell1870
Purkinje cell1872
neuroblast1878
touch cell1878
Golgi('s) cell1892
memory cell1892
astrocyte1896
astroblast1897
motor neuron1897
cytochrome1898
stichochrome1899
monaxon1900
basket cell1901
relay neuron1903
internuncial neuron1906
sheath cell1906
motoneuron1908
adjustor1909
satellite1912
microglia1924
oligodendroglia1924
sympathicoblast1927
pituicyte1930
oligodendrocyte1932
sympathoblast1934
sympathogonia1934
interneuron1938
Renshaw cell1954
1898 Arch. Neurol. & Psychopathol. 1 281 In the first division he distinguishes..as cytochromes those cells whose nuclei never exceed in size the nuclei of neuroglia cells, as in the cells of the granular layer of the cerebellum.
1902 Stud. Dept. Pathol. Coll. Physicians & Surgeons Columbia Univ. 8 552 Of these cells, Nissl recognizes two subgroups: (a) Cytochromes. These are the cells formerly spoken of as ‘granules’.
2. Biochemistry. Any of a large group of haem-containing proteins found in aerobic and many anaerobic organisms, the typical function of which is electron transfer (via reversible oxidation and reduction of the haem iron), as in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.Cytochromes are classified into four major groups (a, b, c, and d) according to the nature of the haem group. Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme that catalyses the addition of an oxygen atom to various (usually lipophilic) compounds, and as an important component of liver microsomes in mammals is involved in the metabolism of drugs and other compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun]
casein1838
albuminoid1855
xanthoglobulin1868
myochrome1872
xanthoprotein1883
histone1885
globulose1886
phaseolin1893
leucosin1894
nucleohistone1894
nucleon1895
mucoid1898
protone1898
mucinoid1902
myohaemoglobin1906
nucleoprotamine1911
cytozyme1914
leaf protein1917
cytochrome1925
mucoprotein1925
myoglobin1925
flavoprotein1934
oxymyoglobin1935
ferritin1937
lipovitellin1942
arthropodin1947
trypticase1947
erythropoietin1948
phosvitin1948
opsin1951
orosomucoid1955
metallothionein1960
plastocyanin1961
aequorin1962
ferredoxin1962
LDL1962
fetoprotein1964
thioredoxin1964
actinin1965
adrenodoxin1965
lactoferrin1965
myoglobulin1965
rubredoxin1965
uniporter1967
miraculin1968
nexin1970
bacteriorhodopsin1971
molybdoprotein1971
monellin1972
cytokine1974
ankyrin1975
clathrin1975
electromorph1975
tau1975
uniport1975
microtrabecula1976
porin1976
osteocalcin1977
calmodulin1978
monokine1978
PCNA1978
vimentin1978
interleukin1979
laminin1979
titin1979
villin1979
cyclin1981
triskele1981
acumentin1982
perforin1983
statin1985
activin1986
addressin1988
synuclein1988
chemokine1992
1925 D. Keilin in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 98 314 There is ample evidence that this pigment is not a simple compound, but a complex formed of three distinct haemochromogen compounds, the nature of which is not yet completely elucidated. I propose therefore to describe it under the name of Cytochrome, signifying merely ‘cellular pigment’.
1948 New Biol. 5 126 Oxygen of the atmosphere enters the metabolism of the cell by combining with cytochrome, which then hands it on to other substances.
1953 J. S. Fruton & S. Simmonds Gen. Biochem. xiv. 339 Cytochrome a1 and a2 were observed spectroscopically in certain bacteria that lack cytochrome a.
1969 Times 29 Apr. 13/1 Human cytochrome C is identical to the equivalent molecule in chimpanzees in all of its 104 units.
1989 Adverse Drug Reactions 8 218 Dichloromethane (methylene chloride), an industrial chemical used as an ingredient of several commercial available paint strippers, is metabolised by P450 cytochromes to produce CO [carbon monoxide].
2005 C. de Duve Singularities v. 50 Cytochromes belong to the group of hemoproteins, which includes hemoglobin..and a number of important enzymes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
adj.n.1895- to be taken red-handed
- to be taken redhand
- to be taken redhanded
- to be taken sick
- to be taken up with
- to be talked of
- to be talking telephone numbers
- to be telling
- to be the better
- to be the business
- to be the death of
- to be the end of
- to be the eyes and ears of
- to be the firstest with the mostest
- to be the goods
- to be the grit
- to be the judge
- to be the judge of
- to be the latter
- to be the living proof of
- to be the living proof that
- to be the making of
- to be the makings of
- to be the means occasionally also mean of
- to be the means of