dampingn.

/ˈdampɪŋ/

Etymology: -ing suffix¹.

a. The action of damp v. Also attributive, as in damping-machine, damping-plate (= damper n. 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > chimney > plate or hood to control draught

cowc1736

hood1750

damping1756

damper1788

air damper1794

cowl1812

back-draught1825

mitre1890

1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans III. 172 The flames, by slight damping, soon became the more violent.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 313 The bottom of the furnace..the holes of the damping plate.

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Damping-machine. 1. (Printing.) A machine for damping sheets of paper previous to printing..2. A machine in which starched goods are moistened previous to running them through the calendering-machine.

b. The action of damping an oscillation or an oscillating body (also damping out: see damp v. 1c, 1d); the resistance to an oscillation; also, the amount of this, as measured by the rate at which the oscillation diminishes in amplitude.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [noun] > imposing or acting as resisting influence

damping1870

the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > state of cessation of movement > arrest of motion > damping of oscillation

damping1870

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > vibration or oscillation > damping of oscillation

damping1870

critical damping1898

1870 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 39 435 An oscillatory current..sustains itself twice as long against the damping action of resistance as a comparatively steady current of the same maximum value.

1874 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 47 296 The damping effect which the multiplier exerts on the swing of the needle.

1877 Ld. Rayleigh Theory of Sound I. iii. 57 The vibrations of a tuning fork properly constructed and mounted are subject to very little damping.

1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 51/1 By damping is meant the decrease of the extent of the oscillations of the galvanometer needle arising from the dissipation of energy through the resistance of the air, the action of currents induced in neighbouring metallic circuits, the viscosity of the suspension fibre, and so on.

1881 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism (ed. 2) II. 344–5 A metallic surface, called a Damper, is sometimes placed near a magnet for the express purpose of damping or deadening its vibrations. We shall therefore speak of this kind of resistance as Damping.

1883 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics (ed. 11) 832 The greater the masses of metal, and the more closely they surround the magnet, the stronger is the damping.

1907 J. Erskine-Murray Handbk. Wireless Telegr. i. 28 Damping or decrease of amplitude is due to two causes—firstly, to dissipation of energy, as heat, in the local circuits; secondly, to radiation.

1912 Q. Rev. July 242 The damping-out of oscillations cannot be expected to be as rapid.

1945 Electronic Engin. 17 455 Resulting in better damping of the receiver diaphragm and consequently suppression of the effects of resonance.

1958 Van Nostrand's Scientific Encycl. (ed. 3) 476/2 The metal specimen is vibrated and the rate of damping-out of the vibrations observed.

1967 E. U. Condon & H. Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) ii. iii. 22/1 As the magnitude of the damping is increased, the rate of decay of the oscillations becomes greater..until..the motion becomes aperiodic and is said to be critically damped.

2. damping off, the collapse of seedlings or cuttings caused by any of several parasitic fungi and encouraged by excessive moisture in the plant's environment. (Cf. damp v. 6.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > [noun] > collapsing, damping off, or being root-fallen

root-fall1811

damping off1899

1899 G. Massee Text-bk. Plant Dis. 54 The term ‘damping off’ is applied to a disease of seedlings, characterised by the falling over and dying of the plantlets.

1928 F. T. Brooks Plant Dis. i. 4 Parasitic attack of seedling plants at soil level often causes ‘damping off’.

1970 H. Liebscher & F. Koehler tr. G. Fröhlich & W. Rodewald Pests & Dis. Trop. Crops 293 Symptoms of damping-off appear in seedbeds.

1971 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 13 Mar. 38/4 The dreaded ‘damping-off’ disease, a soil-borne infection that attacks and rots the stems of small seedling plants just at soil level.

Compounds

attributive, as (esp. in sense 1b).

damping capacity n. [translating German dämpfungsfähigkeit (O. Foeppl 1923)] the ability of a metal or other solid to absorb vibrational energy and dissipate it as heat.

ΚΠ

1931 Proc. Amer. Soc. Testing Materials 31 ii. 157 Engineering materials..are able to dissipate energy without failure when subjected to cyclic stresses below the fatigue limit... This property is known as ‘mechanical hysteresis effect’, ‘internal friction’ (of solids), or ‘damping capacity’. The latter nomenclature was proposed by O. Foeppl in 1923, who offered the following definition: ‘Damping Capacity’ is the amount of work dissipated into heat by a unit volume of the material during a completely reversed cycle of unit stress. This damping capacity is measured in inch-pounds per cubic inch per cycle.

1953 S. P. Timoshenko Hist. Strength of Materials xii. 378 The damping capacity of metals and its relation to fatigue strength.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. X. 326/2 Damping Capacity..is low in a sonorous metal such as bell-metal, and high in a ‘dead’ metal like lead.

damping coefficient n. = damping factor n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [noun] > imposing or acting as resisting influence > number representing degree of

damping coefficient1906

1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. i. 21 The Napierian logarithm of the ratio of any maximum current or ordinate to the next maximum in the opposite direction multiplied by twice the frequency, gives us the value of the damping coefficient.

1929 W. E. Dalby Balancing of Engines (ed. 4) viii. 259 The damping coefficients derived from the dynamic magnifier are more likely to approximate to the damping of the loaded bridge than damping coefficients determined from the residual oscillations.

damping-coil n. in a galvanometer or dynamometer, a coil used to check vibrations of the needle, etc.

ΚΠ

1906 A. Russell Alternating Currents II. 192 The ordinary field magnet coils must act to a certain extent like damping coils.

damping constant n. = damping factor n.

ΚΠ

1922 F. F. Fowle Stand. Handbk. Electr. Engineers (ed. 5) xxiv. 1963 The damping constant of a circuit is a measure of the ratio of the dissipative to the reactive component of its admittance or impedance.

damping factor n. any number representing the degree to which an oscillation is damped, usually defined as the reciprocal of the time in which the amplitude decreases by a factor e.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > state of cessation of movement > arrest of motion > damping of oscillation > number representing degree of

damping factor1906

1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. iii. 162 The damping factor a is a quantity the dimensions of which are those of the reciprocal of a time, whilst the logarithmic decrement is a mere numeric.

damping-off n. the decay of seedlings or cuttings due to excessive damp.

ΚΠ

1919 F. O. Bower Bot. Living Plant 413 When Mustard and Cress are sown thickly, and kept too warm and damp, the seedlings are liable to the disease of ‘damping-off’, the plants quickly rotting with an unpleasant smell.

damping roll n. a roller or cylinder used for damping in certain processes.

ΚΠ

1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 149/2 Damping Rolls, metal cylinders of small diameter used for damping paper.

damping winding n. = damper n. 4b.

ΚΠ

1920 Whittaker's Electr. Engineer's Pocket-bk. (ed. 4) 224 Damping windings are also fitted on synchronous generators..to damp out pulsations due to variations in the armature ampere-turns.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

dampingadj.

/ˈdampɪŋ/

Etymology: -ing suffix².

That damps, in various senses: see damp v.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing

darkOE

unmerryOE

deathlyc1225

dolefulc1275

elengec1275

dreicha1300

coolc1350

cloudyc1374

sada1375

colda1400

deadlya1400

joylessc1400

unjoyful?c1400

disconsolatea1413

mournfula1425

funeralc1425

uncheerfulc1449

dolent1489

dolesome1533

heavy-hearted1555

glum1558

ungladsome1558

black1562

pleasureless1567

dern1570

plaintive?1570

glummish1573

cheerless1575

comfortless1576

wintry1579

glummy1580

funebral1581

discouraging1584

dernful?1591

murk1596

recomfortless1596

sullen1597

amating1600

lugubrious1601

dusky1602

sable1603

funebrial1604

damping1607

mortifying1611

tearful?1611

uncouth1611

dulsome1613

luctual1613

dismal1617

winterous1617

unked1620

mopish1621

godforsaken?1623

uncheerly1627

funebrious1630

lugubrous1632

drearisome1633

unheartsome1637

feral1641

drear1645

darksome1649

sadding1649

saddening1650

disheartening1654

funebrous1654

luctiferous1656

mestifical1656

tristifical1656

sooty1657

dreary1667

tenebrose1677

clouded1682

tragicala1700

funereal1707

gloomy1710

sepulchrala1711

dumpishc1717

bleaka1719

depressive1727

lugubre1727

muzzy1728

dispiriting1733

uncheery1760

unconsolatory1760

unjolly1764

Decemberly1765

sombre1768

uncouthie1768

depressing1772

unmirthful1782

sombrous1789

disanimating1791

Decemberish1793

grey1794

uncheering1796

ungenial1796

uncomforting1798

disencouraginga1806

stern1812

chilling1815

uncheered1817

dejecting1818

mopey1821

desponding1828

wisht1829

leadening1835

unsportful1837

demoralizing1840

Novemberish1840

frigid1844

morne1844

tragic1848

wet-blanketty1848

morgue1850

ungladdeneda1851

adusk1856

smileless1858

soul-sick1858

Novemberya1864

saturnine1863

down1873

lacklustre1883

Heaven-abandoneda1907

downbeat1952

doomy1967

the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being slightly wet > [adjective] > slightly wetting

danking?a1400

undrying?1541

damping1607

humecting1612

unparching1648

dampening1814

the world > movement > absence of movement > [adjective] > coming to rest > damping or damped of oscillations

damped1877

damping1928

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [adjective] > that imposes or acts as resisting influence

damping1928

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse 28 The damping fumes that the Sun elevates from bogges.

1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 151 What a damping Thought must it be for such a Man to consider that he is now going out of the World.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xiii. 172 It was somewhat of a damping circumstance to find the room full of smoke.

1878 M. C. Jackson Chaperon's Cares I. xi. 153 Clarissa's presence generally has a slightly damping effect upon Forster.

1928 S. P. Timoshenko Vibration Probl. Engin. i. 22 These damping forces may arise from several different sources, such as air or fluid friction, internal friction of the material of the vibrating body, or friction between sliding surfaces.

1936 W. Heitler Quantum Theory Radiation i. 34 But because of the damping force the amplitude of the oscillator will decrease.

1958 C. G. Wilson Electr. & Magn. v. 137 These oscillations cease when all the energy of the coil is dissipated in overcoming the damping forces present.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	damping
释义	dampingn. /ˈdampɪŋ/ Etymology: -ing suffix¹. 1. a. The action of damp v. Also attributive, as in damping-machine, damping-plate (= damper n. 3). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > chimney > plate or hood to control draught cowc1736 hood1750 damping1756 damper1788 air damper1794 cowl1812 back-draught1825 mitre1890 1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans III. 172 The flames, by slight damping, soon became the more violent. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 313 The bottom of the furnace..the holes of the damping plate. 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Damping-machine. 1. (Printing.) A machine for damping sheets of paper previous to printing..2. A machine in which starched goods are moistened previous to running them through the calendering-machine. b. The action of damping an oscillation or an oscillating body (also damping out: see damp v. 1c, 1d); the resistance to an oscillation; also, the amount of this, as measured by the rate at which the oscillation diminishes in amplitude. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [noun] > imposing or acting as resisting influence damping1870 the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > state of cessation of movement > arrest of motion > damping of oscillation damping1870 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > vibration or oscillation > damping of oscillation damping1870 critical damping1898 1870 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 39 435 An oscillatory current..sustains itself twice as long against the damping action of resistance as a comparatively steady current of the same maximum value. 1874 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 47 296 The damping effect which the multiplier exerts on the swing of the needle. 1877 Ld. Rayleigh Theory of Sound I. iii. 57 The vibrations of a tuning fork properly constructed and mounted are subject to very little damping. 1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 51/1 By damping is meant the decrease of the extent of the oscillations of the galvanometer needle arising from the dissipation of energy through the resistance of the air, the action of currents induced in neighbouring metallic circuits, the viscosity of the suspension fibre, and so on. 1881 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism (ed. 2) II. 344–5 A metallic surface, called a Damper, is sometimes placed near a magnet for the express purpose of damping or deadening its vibrations. We shall therefore speak of this kind of resistance as Damping. 1883 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics (ed. 11) 832 The greater the masses of metal, and the more closely they surround the magnet, the stronger is the damping. 1907 J. Erskine-Murray Handbk. Wireless Telegr. i. 28 Damping or decrease of amplitude is due to two causes—firstly, to dissipation of energy, as heat, in the local circuits; secondly, to radiation. 1912 Q. Rev. July 242 The damping-out of oscillations cannot be expected to be as rapid. 1945 Electronic Engin. 17 455 Resulting in better damping of the receiver diaphragm and consequently suppression of the effects of resonance. 1958 Van Nostrand's Scientific Encycl. (ed. 3) 476/2 The metal specimen is vibrated and the rate of damping-out of the vibrations observed. 1967 E. U. Condon & H. Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) ii. iii. 22/1 As the magnitude of the damping is increased, the rate of decay of the oscillations becomes greater..until..the motion becomes aperiodic and is said to be critically damped. 2. damping off, the collapse of seedlings or cuttings caused by any of several parasitic fungi and encouraged by excessive moisture in the plant's environment. (Cf. damp v. 6.) ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > [noun] > collapsing, damping off, or being root-fallen root-fall1811 damping off1899 1899 G. Massee Text-bk. Plant Dis. 54 The term ‘damping off’ is applied to a disease of seedlings, characterised by the falling over and dying of the plantlets. 1928 F. T. Brooks Plant Dis. i. 4 Parasitic attack of seedling plants at soil level often causes ‘damping off’. 1970 H. Liebscher & F. Koehler tr. G. Fröhlich & W. Rodewald Pests & Dis. Trop. Crops 293 Symptoms of damping-off appear in seedbeds. 1971 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 13 Mar. 38/4 The dreaded ‘damping-off’ disease, a soil-borne infection that attacks and rots the stems of small seedling plants just at soil level. Compounds attributive, as (esp. in sense 1b). damping capacity n. [translating German dämpfungsfähigkeit (O. Foeppl 1923)] the ability of a metal or other solid to absorb vibrational energy and dissipate it as heat. ΚΠ 1931 Proc. Amer. Soc. Testing Materials 31 ii. 157 Engineering materials..are able to dissipate energy without failure when subjected to cyclic stresses below the fatigue limit... This property is known as ‘mechanical hysteresis effect’, ‘internal friction’ (of solids), or ‘damping capacity’. The latter nomenclature was proposed by O. Foeppl in 1923, who offered the following definition: ‘Damping Capacity’ is the amount of work dissipated into heat by a unit volume of the material during a completely reversed cycle of unit stress. This damping capacity is measured in inch-pounds per cubic inch per cycle. 1953 S. P. Timoshenko Hist. Strength of Materials xii. 378 The damping capacity of metals and its relation to fatigue strength. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. X. 326/2 Damping Capacity..is low in a sonorous metal such as bell-metal, and high in a ‘dead’ metal like lead. damping coefficient n. = damping factor n. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [noun] > imposing or acting as resisting influence > number representing degree of damping coefficient1906 1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. i. 21 The Napierian logarithm of the ratio of any maximum current or ordinate to the next maximum in the opposite direction multiplied by twice the frequency, gives us the value of the damping coefficient. 1929 W. E. Dalby Balancing of Engines (ed. 4) viii. 259 The damping coefficients derived from the dynamic magnifier are more likely to approximate to the damping of the loaded bridge than damping coefficients determined from the residual oscillations. damping-coil n. in a galvanometer or dynamometer, a coil used to check vibrations of the needle, etc. ΚΠ 1906 A. Russell Alternating Currents II. 192 The ordinary field magnet coils must act to a certain extent like damping coils. damping constant n. = damping factor n. ΚΠ 1922 F. F. Fowle Stand. Handbk. Electr. Engineers (ed. 5) xxiv. 1963 The damping constant of a circuit is a measure of the ratio of the dissipative to the reactive component of its admittance or impedance. damping factor n. any number representing the degree to which an oscillation is damped, usually defined as the reciprocal of the time in which the amplitude decreases by a factor e. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > state of cessation of movement > arrest of motion > damping of oscillation > number representing degree of damping factor1906 1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. iii. 162 The damping factor a is a quantity the dimensions of which are those of the reciprocal of a time, whilst the logarithmic decrement is a mere numeric. damping-off n. the decay of seedlings or cuttings due to excessive damp. ΚΠ 1919 F. O. Bower Bot. Living Plant 413 When Mustard and Cress are sown thickly, and kept too warm and damp, the seedlings are liable to the disease of ‘damping-off’, the plants quickly rotting with an unpleasant smell. damping roll n. a roller or cylinder used for damping in certain processes. ΚΠ 1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 149/2 Damping Rolls, metal cylinders of small diameter used for damping paper. damping winding n. = damper n. 4b. ΚΠ 1920 Whittaker's Electr. Engineer's Pocket-bk. (ed. 4) 224 Damping windings are also fitted on synchronous generators..to damp out pulsations due to variations in the armature ampere-turns. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online September 2021). dampingadj. /ˈdampɪŋ/ Etymology: -ing suffix². That damps, in various senses: see damp v. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing darkOE unmerryOE deathlyc1225 dolefulc1275 elengec1275 dreicha1300 coolc1350 cloudyc1374 sada1375 colda1400 deadlya1400 joylessc1400 unjoyful?c1400 disconsolatea1413 mournfula1425 funeralc1425 uncheerfulc1449 dolent1489 dolesome1533 heavy-hearted1555 glum1558 ungladsome1558 black1562 pleasureless1567 dern1570 plaintive?1570 glummish1573 cheerless1575 comfortless1576 wintry1579 glummy1580 funebral1581 discouraging1584 dernful?1591 murk1596 recomfortless1596 sullen1597 amating1600 lugubrious1601 dusky1602 sable1603 funebrial1604 damping1607 mortifying1611 tearful?1611 uncouth1611 dulsome1613 luctual1613 dismal1617 winterous1617 unked1620 mopish1621 godforsaken?1623 uncheerly1627 funebrious1630 lugubrous1632 drearisome1633 unheartsome1637 feral1641 drear1645 darksome1649 sadding1649 saddening1650 disheartening1654 funebrous1654 luctiferous1656 mestifical1656 tristifical1656 sooty1657 dreary1667 tenebrose1677 clouded1682 tragicala1700 funereal1707 gloomy1710 sepulchrala1711 dumpishc1717 bleaka1719 depressive1727 lugubre1727 muzzy1728 dispiriting1733 uncheery1760 unconsolatory1760 unjolly1764 Decemberly1765 sombre1768 uncouthie1768 depressing1772 unmirthful1782 sombrous1789 disanimating1791 Decemberish1793 grey1794 uncheering1796 ungenial1796 uncomforting1798 disencouraginga1806 stern1812 chilling1815 uncheered1817 dejecting1818 mopey1821 desponding1828 wisht1829 leadening1835 unsportful1837 demoralizing1840 Novemberish1840 frigid1844 morne1844 tragic1848 wet-blanketty1848 morgue1850 ungladdeneda1851 adusk1856 smileless1858 soul-sick1858 Novemberya1864 saturnine1863 down1873 lacklustre1883 Heaven-abandoneda1907 downbeat1952 doomy1967 the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being slightly wet > [adjective] > slightly wetting danking?a1400 undrying?1541 damping1607 humecting1612 unparching1648 dampening1814 the world > movement > absence of movement > [adjective] > coming to rest > damping or damped of oscillations damped1877 damping1928 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [adjective] > that imposes or acts as resisting influence damping1928 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse 28 The damping fumes that the Sun elevates from bogges. 1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 151 What a damping Thought must it be for such a Man to consider that he is now going out of the World. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xiii. 172 It was somewhat of a damping circumstance to find the room full of smoke. 1878 M. C. Jackson Chaperon's Cares I. xi. 153 Clarissa's presence generally has a slightly damping effect upon Forster. 1928 S. P. Timoshenko Vibration Probl. Engin. i. 22 These damping forces may arise from several different sources, such as air or fluid friction, internal friction of the material of the vibrating body, or friction between sliding surfaces. 1936 W. Heitler Quantum Theory Radiation i. 34 But because of the damping force the amplitude of the oscillator will decrease. 1958 C. G. Wilson Electr. & Magn. v. 137 These oscillations cease when all the energy of the coil is dissipated in overcoming the damping forces present. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1756adj.1607
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