† adn.¹

Forms:

α. Old English aad, Old English–early Middle English ad.

β. early Middle English od.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ēd peat (for fuel), Old Saxon ēd pyre, Old High German eit hearth, pyre (Middle High German eit ) < the same Indo-European base as (with various different stem formations) ancient Greek αἶθος heat, classical Latin aedēs hearth, house (see edifice n.), Early Irish áed fire.In Old English usually a strong masculine (as in Middle High German and probably also in Old High German); however, a strong neuter is also attested (chiefly in the works of Ælfric). It is uncertain whether the form ead , attested twice in two continental manuscripts (St Gall 299 (end of 9th cent.), and Sélestat, Bibliothèque Municipale 100 (12th cent.)), which contain some Old English glosses, should be interpreted as Old English or Old Saxon. The β. forms show the regular development of Old English long ā in southern and midland Middle English (see O n.¹).

Obsolete.

A pyre, spec. a funeral pyre. Also: fire as a means of burning bodies.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > pile or pyre

adeOE

fireeOE

baleOE

pile1531

stacka1547

funeral pile1555

roge1559

fire pile1577

pyre1638

funeral pyre1658

death pile1791

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > fire for burning dead or living

adeOE

α.

eOE Leiden Gloss. (1906) 36/1 Rogus, beel uel aad.

OE Cynewulf Elene 950 On fyrbæðe suslum beþrungen syððan wunodest, ade onæled.

OE Beowulf (2008) 1114 Het ða Hildeburh æt Hnæfes ade hire selfre sunu sweoloðe befæstan, banfatu bærnan ond on bæl don.

c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 28 Heo ða ðer swiðne mucelne ad onældon & imynt hæfdon, þet heo ðone lichame nimen wolden & hine to duste forbernon.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 1356 (MED) Þe keiser..bed bringen o brune an ad amidden þe burh..& i þe leitinde fur het warpen euch fot.

β. c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 551 Rogus, od [OE St. John's Oxf. ad].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† adn.²

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: god n.

Etymology: Euphemistic alteration of god n. Compare earlier od n.¹ and Gad n.², and also Uds n. Compare discussion at od n.¹ and int.

Obsolete (archaic in later use).

A euphemistic substitute for God used in oaths and asseverations. Cf. od n.¹, Uds n.

1. In genitive compounds, as ad's bud ‘God's blood’, ad's heartlikins (see heart n., int., and adv. Phrases 4), ad's life ‘God's life’, ad's nigs (see nigs n.), ad's wounds ‘God's wounds’, etc. Cf. od n.¹ and int. Compounds 1. See also adzooks int.Common from the Restoration period to the mid 18th cent., typically in dramatic texts; later examples represent archaic or regional usage.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God)

quods1593

dad1674

ad1675

dod1676

gud1678

lordy1821

1675 T. Duffett Mock-tempest iv. i. 31 Ari. The Duke..Sits cracking Fleas, and sucking of their blood. With him is good Gonzale. Pros. Is he so, Adsbud.

1677 A. Behn Rover iv. iii. 63 Is not that a she Creature? ads heartlikins 'tis! what wretched thing art thou—hah!

1680 Revenge; or, Match in Newgate iv. i. 37 Ads nigs, because you have read..Amades de Gall, and the Legend of Lyes, you are licens'd, forsooth, to abuse all the world.

1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour iii. i. 23 Adsbud who's in fault, Mistress Mine?

1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxvii. 91 Ads-heartlikins, you young Gentlemen are made of Iron and Steel, I think.

1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxi. 123 Ads-dines, Madam, said he, what of all that!

1810 Lady's Mag. Sept. 419/2 The officer..decided in favor of the drum; whereupon the piper indignantly exclaimed—‘Ads wounds, sir! and shall a little [etc.].’

1813 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. (ed. 9) 112 I'll catch at the handle, add's life [1812 odd's life].

2. In formulaic phrases and expressions, as ad rot it, ad's me, ad's my life, ad so, etc. Cf. od n.¹ and int. Phrases.

ΚΠ

1691 W. Mountfort Greenwich-Park 21 Ad so, my Lord Worthy!..ad if he takes a likeing to your Daughter, we shall have a Glorious Son-in-Law.

1702 G. Farquhar Inconstant 26 Ads my life, sir, I have a great mind to kick you.

1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband iv. 59 Look well to your Heart, or, Ads me! they'll whip it up in the Trip of a Minute.

1789 Town & Country Mag. 21 320/1 ‘Ad rot it’ cried one, ‘how that man squints.’

1887 ‘Outis’ Poems Humorous & Philos. (new ed.) i. 46 Like the men—ad, rot 'em—..All for show and compliment, but nothing inside.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

adn.³

Brit.

/ad/, U.S.

/æd/

Forms: 1700s– ad, 1900s– ad. (with point).

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: advertisement n.; advertising n.

Etymology: Shortened < advertisement n. and also (in many of the uses in compounds) advertising n. Compare later advert n.

= advertisement n. 4a.attack, banner, display, small, want ad, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > [noun] > an advertisement

ad1799

advt.1801

advert1814

liner1901

advertorial1914

message1925

advertique1968

infomercial1981

1799 C. Whitefoord Advice Editors Newspapers 19 Employ a person of address..to go through, among the advertising people, to solicit their Ads, to puff your paper as..the most universally read.

1829 Atheneum: Spirit of Eng. Mags. 1 Oct. 31/2 We shall do better with the ads than I expected. Robins has just sent a long list of his auctions, which he says must go in to-morrow.

1852 Househ. Words 5 5/2 We know that the really interesting ‘ads.’ are in the body of the paper.

1884 Milnor (Dakota Territory) Teller 4 July Mr. P. Wicklund, merchant, has recovered the stray advertised two weeks ago. The ad in The Teller found her.

1902 W. D. Howells Lit. & Life 268 Ad is a loathly little word, but we must come to it. It's as legitimate as lunch.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. viii. [Lestrygonians] 153 Best paper by long chalks for a small ad.

1996 Grocer 23 Mar. 13/1 Every time they turn on the TV they see ads for Mars or Snickers.

2009 S. Sweeney 101 Internet Businesses xv. 54 Enhanced advertisements (e.g., ads with pictures) or classified ads with hypertext links to a Website.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, chiefly with reference to commercial advertising (cf. advertisement n. 3). Cf. advertisement n. Compounds 1, advertising n. Compounds 1b.

ad agency n.

ΚΠ

1896 Printers' Ink 15 Apr. 43/1 (advt.) $5.50 a line yearly. 30 best papers in Prov. Quebec. E. Desbarats, Ad Agency, Montreal.

1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 42/2 Today it is not the classroom nor the classics which are the repositories of models of eloquence, but the ad agencies.

2008 J. Schaeffler Digital Signage vi. 139 The most important group of professionals to consider digital signage is the group of global ad agencies and their advertisers.

ad campaign n.

ΚΠ

1915 H. H. Smith Publicity & Progress x. 178 European war presented opportunities for many successful ad campaigns.

1979 Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 3 Oct. 3 a3 Police have distributed giant posters..in an unprecedented ad campaign.

2005 Billboard 1 Oct. 30/2 Only 0.6% of blacks said artists should not take part in ad campaigns.

ad page n.

ΚΠ

1893 Med. Rev. 22 Apr. 320/2 The sugar coated pills of this firm are unrivalled. See ad page.

1902 W. D. Howells Lit. & Life 270 I refer to the ad pages.

1997 Spy (N.Y.) Mar. 52/1 ‘Value-added’ selling..allows advertisers deeper access to a magazine than that usually afforded by mere ad pages.

ad writer n.

ΚΠ

1895 Amer. Med. Rev. 63/2 An expert ‘ad’ writer, whose services are at the disposal of those who favor us with their patronage.

1942 M. McCarthy Company she Keeps (1943) v. 132 He was the Average Thinking Man..that..ad-writers try to frighten.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 1 Oct. d5/3 Dr. Fisher..concluded that the ad writers were by and large ‘estrogen-expressives’,..which she defined as ‘compassionate, verbal and emotive’.

C2.

ad mag n. British Television (now historical) a short programme set in a fictional shop, pub, etc., using the discussions and opinions of the characters to advertise a variety of consumer products.

ΚΠ

1959 Spectator 19 June 875/2 I cannot change my opinion..that ‘admags’ in their present form are contrary to the intentions of the framers of the TV Act.

2002 A. Crisell Introd. Hist. Brit. Broadcasting 107 The problem posed by ad-mags was that the more interesting they were made to seem the more they came to resemble straight programmes, thus threatening the principle that advertising and programming should remain completely separate... They disappeared in 1963.

adman n. a man whose job is writing or producing commercial advertisements; a man who works in an advertising agency; cf. adperson n.

ΚΠ

1896 Clothier & Furnisher (N.Y.) Oct. 91/2 Mr. Jones is probably one of the best and most popular ‘ad’ men in the country.

1909 Collier's 22 May 15/2 In a sense, the ad-man is a public entertainer.

2000 S. Nixon in P. Jackson et al. Commerc. Culture iii. 60 The British adperson (or the ‘adman’, as he was more usually termed).

admobile n. a vehicle used to display advertising posters and slogans.

ΚΠ

1953 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang (ed. 2) §571/1 Admobile, an advertising car.

1989 Times 31 May 18/7 This will be the first Labour campaign where we will be using a double admobile.

2008 Toronto Star (Nexis) 25 Aug. a10 The chance to drive around the city in a snazzy, souped-up ad-mobile plastered with obnoxious slogans.

adperson n. a person whose job is writing or producing commercial advertisements; a person who works in an advertising agency; cf. adman n.

ΚΠ

1919 Business Digest & Investm. Weekly 11 Nov. 519/1 (heading) Are ad people real humans?]

1976 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Jan. 52 Actually, advertising isn't one of those ‘what do you want to be when you grow up’ professions. It's something most adpersons fall into.

2000 S. Nixon in P. Jackson et al. Commerc. Culture iii. 60 The advanced managerial styles and techniques of American advertising..prompted a reflection on the status of the British adperson (or the ‘adman’, as he was more usually termed).

adspeak n. colloquial (somewhat depreciative) the style of writing and speaking typically used in commercial advertisements.

ΚΠ

1969 College Eng. 31 129/2 Freshman English..has been at war against clichés..and adspeak, as long as I can remember.

1991 Sky Mag. Feb. 86 The type of ad-speak peppered with phrases like ‘internationally successfully superstar’.

2007 V. Fox & R. Allyn Revol. Hope v. 78 We called the product the ‘hero’, practicing our best Madison Avenue adspeak.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

adn.⁴

Brit.

/ad/, U.S.

/æd/

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: advantage n.

Etymology: Shortened < advantage n.

Tennis colloquial.

= advantage n. 5. Cf. van n.⁵

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > score or stage of game

match ball1849

game ball1853

games all1853

game, set, and match1879

vantage1884

advantage point1889

game point1903

ad1915

match point1921

van1927

set point1928

ad point1939

break point1975

mini-break1981

1915 Bell Telephone News (Chicago) Sept. 18/3 This final game went to deuce and ad many times before finally decided.

1959 P. Roth Goodbye, Columbus & 5 Short Stories 9 I..heard Brenda once more. 'My ad’ and then just as I rounded the path..I heard, ‘Game!’ Her racket went spinning up in the air.

1979 J. Kramer Game (1981) viii. 134 In the final set, when I was ahead only 4–3, I hit the chalk with a backhand volley to save an ad Frankie held against my serve.

2007 Canberra (Austral.) Times (Nexis) 5 Aug. a51 It would be deuce then ad then possibly game or deuce-ad-deuce.

Compounds

ad court n. = advantage court n. at advantage n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > court > parts of

baseline1875

centreline1882

runback1891

alley1904

cover1907

no man's land1931

tramline1937

ad court1946

1946 Athletic Jrnl. May 43/1 Train your boys on singles to make their deuce-court service from a point as close to the center mark as possible, for here they will be nearest a backhand return. For the same protective reason their ad-court services should be made from about four feet left of center.

1964 T. Trabert in A. Trengove How to Play Tennis Professional Way 116 The fellow returning from the ad court also stands on or inside the base line.

2005 N.Y. Times 26 May d2/4 The sliced left-handed serve in the ad-court is no longer as routinely effective.

ad point n. = advantage point n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > score or stage of game

match ball1849

game ball1853

games all1853

game, set, and match1879

vantage1884

advantage point1889

game point1903

ad1915

match point1921

van1927

set point1928

ad point1939

break point1975

mini-break1981

1939 Sun (Baltimore) 7 Aug. 11/6 Thaler cross-courted on the backhand for ad point.

1986 New Yorker 13 Oct. 137/3 Mecir, with Becker serving, fought off three ad points that Becker held.

2011 J. Michaud When Tito loved Clara 294 At deuce, she'd clammed up and whizzed two aces past him, exclaiming, ‘Ha!’ as he lurched after the ad point.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

adn.⁵

Brit.

/ad/, U.S.

/æd/

Forms: 1900s– ad, 1900s– ad., 1900s– add. (with point).

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: addict n.

Etymology: Shortened < addict n., apparently originally as a graphic abbreviation.

slang (originally U.S.).

A drug addict.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > [noun] > drug addict

head1856

narcotist1860

drugger1870

drug fiend1873

druggard1882

narcomaniac1888

dope-fiend1896

addict1899

dopehead1901

hypo1904

drug addict1905

drug abuser1915

junker1922

junkie1923

hype1924

needle artist1925

needleman1925

schmecker1931

dope-addict1933

ad1938

dopester1938

narco1958

pillhead1962

druggie1966

freak1967

drugster1970

1938 Amer. Speech 13 180/1 Ad. or add., a narcotic addict, especially a needle-addict.

1951 Evening Sun (Baltimore) 27 Mar. 4/1 Depending on the type of ‘junk’ he was using and the place and method of administration, he was an ‘ad’.

1976 Amer. Speech 1973 48 208 With the drug explosion, large hospitals have increasingly admitted more ads ‘addicts’ who have taken an OD ‘overdose’.

2002 T. Nordegren A-Z Encycl. Alcohol & Drug Abuse 19/1 Ad, colloquial term for addict.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

> see also

also refers to : ad-prefix

also refers to : -adsuffix¹

also refers to : -adsuffix²

> as lemmas

AD n. Military active duty.

ΚΠ

1942 Sun (Baltimore) 1 Feb. ii. 75 ‘DP following Reserve Officers ordered to AD.’.. Written out this reads: ‘By direction of the President, the following Reserve Officers are ordered to active duty.’

1990 Federal Reg. 7 Sept. 38086/3 Refer AD personnel with serologic evidence of HIV-1 infection for a medical evaluation of fitness for continued service.

2004 W. Taylor in H. J. Thie et al. Past & Future iv. 37 [They] often arrived at follow-on flying tours with considerably fewer flying hours than did their AD contemporaries.

extracted from An.

AD n. Medicine Alzheimer's disease.

ΚΠ

1955 Jrnl. Mental Sci. 101 604 A.D. is a progressive dementia which usually occurs between the ages of 40 and 60 years.

1987 D. Collerton in S. M. Stahl et al. Cognitive Neurochem. xv. 285 A substantial noradrenergic deficit exists in some patients with AD.

2009 San Antonio (Texas) Express-News (Nexis) 25 Feb. 9 f AD leaves a specific type of brain damage different from what happens in schizophrenia.

extracted from An.

A.D.

A.D. adv. [graphic abbreviation of post-classical Latin anno domini Anno Domini adv.] = Anno Domini adv.The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors (ed. 2, 2000) p. 4 notes: ‘precedes numerals, but follows numbers written as words’. The abbreviation is sometimes found after numerals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > period with own chronological system or era > particular year in Christian era

year of gracec1325

(in) the year of our Lord (also our Lord God, our Lord's incarnation)1389

the year of Christc1392

Anno Dom.1438

year1482

anno1484

Anno Domini1485

the year of (our) redemption1513

A.D.1556

year of (man's) salvation1560

1556 in tr. A. Mainardi Anatomi (title page) A. D. 1556.

1663 W. Blundell in T. E. Gibson Cavalier's Note Bk. (1880) 223 This course, as it is now used upon the marshes..was stooped out by me W.B., a.d. 1654.

1683 I. Mather Kometographia viii. 101 A.D. 1558. A Comet was seen in the Evening under Coma Berenices, of a pale colour, continuing about 30 dayes.

1764 J. Grainger Sugar-cane i. 13 (note) The declension of the needle was discovered, A.D. 1492, by Columbus.

1819 J. Playfair Geogr. & Statist. Descr. Scotl. 1 78 Kelso... Here an abbey for Tironensian monks was founded, and richly endowed by David I, A.D. 1128.

1875 E. H. Bunbury in Encycl. Brit. II. 712/2 The whole country..continued subject to the Byzantine empire, until it was overrun by the Seljukian Turks in 1074 a.d.

1906 T. Čapek Slovaks of Hungary 395 There is no mention in Strabo of the Germanic and Pannonic wars of Tiberius of the years 4–11 a.d.

1963 G. H. Williams in S. C. Neill & H. R. Weber Layman in Christian Hist. i. 30 In a letter to the church in Corinth written about AD 95, Clement..makes brief reference to the participants in the liturgy.

2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 1 July a1/3 Preliminary research dates the settlement from about A.D. 900 to 1100.

extracted from An.

AD n. autograph document.

ΚΠ

1889 L. C. Draper Ess. Autographic Coll. Signers Declar. of Independence (rev. ed.) 46 An A. D.—autograph document, not signed, is sometimes called into requisition to eke out a collection.

1912 F. K. Walter Abbrev. & Techn. Terms Bk. Catal. 1 A.D., Autograph document.

1962 D. D. Jackson Lett. Lewis & Clark Exped. 161 AD, in Clark's hand.

2009 D. Carpenter S. R. Bradley: Lett. Revolutionary War Patriot 108 AD... In the hand of SRB.

extracted from An.

AD n. Military armoured division.

ΚΠ

1949 R. E. Dupuy St. Vith, Lion in Way v. 71 One counterattack [CCB 9th AD] has started, but other [CCB 7th AD] not started yet.

2002 H. Coyle Against all Enemies (2009) xxii. 348 After a rapid and all but unopposed advance, the 4th AD came to a halt just west of Twin City.

extracted from An.

AD n. athletic director.

ΚΠ

1950 Catholic Lib. World Jan. 128/1 He was the ‘A.D.’, or athletic director, at Roosevelt High School in Chicago.

2006 M. Conrad Business of Sport iii. 34 The AD controls the athletic department budget.

extracted from An.

AD n. chiefly Film assistant director, a person responsible for coordinating the production schedule of a film, and for oversight of the set, cast, and crew.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] > others involved in filming

director of photography1916

grip1918

continuity writer1921

script girl1922

gaffer1926

production manager1927

best boy1931

production assistant1932

continuity girl1933

titler1933

clapper-boy1937

AD1957

1957 Radio Daily-Television Daily 18 June 7/3 Another person worthy of a testimonial repast—or at least a snack—is the so-called A.D., or assistant director.

1986 Washington Post 13 Dec. b1/4 They just put the camera up... The AD [assistant director] was a friend of mine.

2008 Independent 2 June (Extra section) 2/6 ‘First positions, thank you very much,’ calls the first AD.

extracted from An.

n.¹eOE

n.²1675

n.³1799

n.⁴1915

n.⁵1938

单词	ad
释义	† adn.¹ Forms: α. Old English aad, Old English–early Middle English ad. β. early Middle English od. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ēd peat (for fuel), Old Saxon ēd pyre, Old High German eit hearth, pyre (Middle High German eit ) < the same Indo-European base as (with various different stem formations) ancient Greek αἶθος heat, classical Latin aedēs hearth, house (see edifice n.), Early Irish áed fire.In Old English usually a strong masculine (as in Middle High German and probably also in Old High German); however, a strong neuter is also attested (chiefly in the works of Ælfric). It is uncertain whether the form ead , attested twice in two continental manuscripts (St Gall 299 (end of 9th cent.), and Sélestat, Bibliothèque Municipale 100 (12th cent.)), which contain some Old English glosses, should be interpreted as Old English or Old Saxon. The β. forms show the regular development of Old English long ā in southern and midland Middle English (see O n.¹). Obsolete. A pyre, spec. a funeral pyre. Also: fire as a means of burning bodies. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > pile or pyre adeOE fireeOE baleOE pile1531 stacka1547 funeral pile1555 roge1559 fire pile1577 pyre1638 funeral pyre1658 death pile1791 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > fire for burning dead or living adeOE α. eOE Leiden Gloss. (1906) 36/1 Rogus, beel uel aad. OE Cynewulf Elene 950 On fyrbæðe suslum beþrungen syððan wunodest, ade onæled. OE Beowulf (2008) 1114 Het ða Hildeburh æt Hnæfes ade hire selfre sunu sweoloðe befæstan, banfatu bærnan ond on bæl don. c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 28 Heo ða ðer swiðne mucelne ad onældon & imynt hæfdon, þet heo ðone lichame nimen wolden & hine to duste forbernon. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 1356 (MED) Þe keiser..bed bringen o brune an ad amidden þe burh..& i þe leitinde fur het warpen euch fot. β. c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 551 Rogus, od [OE St. John's Oxf. ad]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † adn.² Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: god n. Etymology: Euphemistic alteration of god n. Compare earlier od n.¹ and Gad n.², and also Uds n. Compare discussion at od n.¹ and int. Obsolete (archaic in later use). A euphemistic substitute for God used in oaths and asseverations. Cf. od n.¹, Uds n. 1. In genitive compounds, as ad's bud ‘God's blood’, ad's heartlikins (see heart n., int., and adv. Phrases 4), ad's life ‘God's life’, ad's nigs (see nigs n.), ad's wounds ‘God's wounds’, etc. Cf. od n.¹ and int. Compounds 1. See also adzooks int.Common from the Restoration period to the mid 18th cent., typically in dramatic texts; later examples represent archaic or regional usage. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) quods1593 dad1674 ad1675 dod1676 gud1678 lordy1821 1675 T. Duffett Mock-tempest iv. i. 31 Ari. The Duke..Sits cracking Fleas, and sucking of their blood. With him is good Gonzale. Pros. Is he so, Adsbud. 1677 A. Behn Rover iv. iii. 63 Is not that a she Creature? ads heartlikins 'tis! what wretched thing art thou—hah! 1680 Revenge; or, Match in Newgate iv. i. 37 Ads nigs, because you have read..Amades de Gall, and the Legend of Lyes, you are licens'd, forsooth, to abuse all the world. 1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour iii. i. 23 Adsbud who's in fault, Mistress Mine? 1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxvii. 91 Ads-heartlikins, you young Gentlemen are made of Iron and Steel, I think. 1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxi. 123 Ads-dines, Madam, said he, what of all that! 1810 Lady's Mag. Sept. 419/2 The officer..decided in favor of the drum; whereupon the piper indignantly exclaimed—‘Ads wounds, sir! and shall a little [etc.].’ 1813 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. (ed. 9) 112 I'll catch at the handle, add's life [1812 odd's life]. 2. In formulaic phrases and expressions, as ad rot it, ad's me, ad's my life, ad so, etc. Cf. od n.¹ and int. Phrases. ΚΠ 1691 W. Mountfort Greenwich-Park 21 Ad so, my Lord Worthy!..ad if he takes a likeing to your Daughter, we shall have a Glorious Son-in-Law. 1702 G. Farquhar Inconstant 26 Ads my life, sir, I have a great mind to kick you. 1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband iv. 59 Look well to your Heart, or, Ads me! they'll whip it up in the Trip of a Minute. 1789 Town & Country Mag. 21 320/1 ‘Ad rot it’ cried one, ‘how that man squints.’ 1887 ‘Outis’ Poems Humorous & Philos. (new ed.) i. 46 Like the men—ad, rot 'em—..All for show and compliment, but nothing inside. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2019). adn.³ Brit. /ad/, U.S. /æd/ Forms: 1700s– ad, 1900s– ad. (with point). Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: advertisement n.; advertising n. Etymology: Shortened < advertisement n. and also (in many of the uses in compounds) advertising n. Compare later advert n. = advertisement n. 4a.attack, banner, display, small, want ad, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > [noun] > an advertisement ad1799 advt.1801 advert1814 liner1901 advertorial1914 message1925 advertique1968 infomercial1981 1799 C. Whitefoord Advice Editors Newspapers 19 Employ a person of address..to go through, among the advertising people, to solicit their Ads, to puff your paper as..the most universally read. 1829 Atheneum: Spirit of Eng. Mags. 1 Oct. 31/2 We shall do better with the ads than I expected. Robins has just sent a long list of his auctions, which he says must go in to-morrow. 1852 Househ. Words 5 5/2 We know that the really interesting ‘ads.’ are in the body of the paper. 1884 Milnor (Dakota Territory) Teller 4 July Mr. P. Wicklund, merchant, has recovered the stray advertised two weeks ago. The ad in The Teller found her. 1902 W. D. Howells Lit. & Life 268 Ad is a loathly little word, but we must come to it. It's as legitimate as lunch. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. viii. [Lestrygonians] 153 Best paper by long chalks for a small ad. 1996 Grocer 23 Mar. 13/1 Every time they turn on the TV they see ads for Mars or Snickers. 2009 S. Sweeney 101 Internet Businesses xv. 54 Enhanced advertisements (e.g., ads with pictures) or classified ads with hypertext links to a Website. Compounds C1. General attributive, chiefly with reference to commercial advertising (cf. advertisement n. 3). Cf. advertisement n. Compounds 1, advertising n. Compounds 1b. ad agency n. ΚΠ 1896 Printers' Ink 15 Apr. 43/1 (advt.) $5.50 a line yearly. 30 best papers in Prov. Quebec. E. Desbarats, Ad Agency, Montreal. 1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 42/2 Today it is not the classroom nor the classics which are the repositories of models of eloquence, but the ad agencies. 2008 J. Schaeffler Digital Signage vi. 139 The most important group of professionals to consider digital signage is the group of global ad agencies and their advertisers. ad campaign n. ΚΠ 1915 H. H. Smith Publicity & Progress x. 178 European war presented opportunities for many successful ad campaigns. 1979 Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 3 Oct. 3 a3 Police have distributed giant posters..in an unprecedented ad campaign. 2005 Billboard 1 Oct. 30/2 Only 0.6% of blacks said artists should not take part in ad campaigns. ad page n. ΚΠ 1893 Med. Rev. 22 Apr. 320/2 The sugar coated pills of this firm are unrivalled. See ad page. 1902 W. D. Howells Lit. & Life 270 I refer to the ad pages. 1997 Spy (N.Y.) Mar. 52/1 ‘Value-added’ selling..allows advertisers deeper access to a magazine than that usually afforded by mere ad pages. ad writer n. ΚΠ 1895 Amer. Med. Rev. 63/2 An expert ‘ad’ writer, whose services are at the disposal of those who favor us with their patronage. 1942 M. McCarthy Company she Keeps (1943) v. 132 He was the Average Thinking Man..that..ad-writers try to frighten. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 1 Oct. d5/3 Dr. Fisher..concluded that the ad writers were by and large ‘estrogen-expressives’,..which she defined as ‘compassionate, verbal and emotive’. C2. ad mag n. British Television (now historical) a short programme set in a fictional shop, pub, etc., using the discussions and opinions of the characters to advertise a variety of consumer products. ΚΠ 1959 Spectator 19 June 875/2 I cannot change my opinion..that ‘admags’ in their present form are contrary to the intentions of the framers of the TV Act. 2002 A. Crisell Introd. Hist. Brit. Broadcasting 107 The problem posed by ad-mags was that the more interesting they were made to seem the more they came to resemble straight programmes, thus threatening the principle that advertising and programming should remain completely separate... They disappeared in 1963. adman n. a man whose job is writing or producing commercial advertisements; a man who works in an advertising agency; cf. adperson n. ΚΠ 1896 Clothier & Furnisher (N.Y.) Oct. 91/2 Mr. Jones is probably one of the best and most popular ‘ad’ men in the country. 1909 Collier's 22 May 15/2 In a sense, the ad-man is a public entertainer. 2000 S. Nixon in P. Jackson et al. Commerc. Culture iii. 60 The British adperson (or the ‘adman’, as he was more usually termed). admobile n. a vehicle used to display advertising posters and slogans. ΚΠ 1953 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang (ed. 2) §571/1 Admobile, an advertising car. 1989 Times 31 May 18/7 This will be the first Labour campaign where we will be using a double admobile. 2008 Toronto Star (Nexis) 25 Aug. a10 The chance to drive around the city in a snazzy, souped-up ad-mobile plastered with obnoxious slogans. adperson n. a person whose job is writing or producing commercial advertisements; a person who works in an advertising agency; cf. adman n. ΚΠ 1919 Business Digest & Investm. Weekly 11 Nov. 519/1 (heading) Are ad people real humans?] 1976 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Jan. 52 Actually, advertising isn't one of those ‘what do you want to be when you grow up’ professions. It's something most adpersons fall into. 2000 S. Nixon in P. Jackson et al. Commerc. Culture iii. 60 The advanced managerial styles and techniques of American advertising..prompted a reflection on the status of the British adperson (or the ‘adman’, as he was more usually termed). adspeak n. colloquial (somewhat depreciative) the style of writing and speaking typically used in commercial advertisements. ΚΠ 1969 College Eng. 31 129/2 Freshman English..has been at war against clichés..and adspeak, as long as I can remember. 1991 Sky Mag. Feb. 86 The type of ad-speak peppered with phrases like ‘internationally successfully superstar’. 2007 V. Fox & R. Allyn Revol. Hope v. 78 We called the product the ‘hero’, practicing our best Madison Avenue adspeak. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). adn.⁴ Brit. /ad/, U.S. /æd/ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: advantage n. Etymology: Shortened < advantage n. Tennis colloquial. = advantage n. 5. Cf. van n.⁵ ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > score or stage of game match ball1849 game ball1853 games all1853 game, set, and match1879 vantage1884 advantage point1889 game point1903 ad1915 match point1921 van1927 set point1928 ad point1939 break point1975 mini-break1981 1915 Bell Telephone News (Chicago) Sept. 18/3 This final game went to deuce and ad many times before finally decided. 1959 P. Roth Goodbye, Columbus & 5 Short Stories 9 I..heard Brenda once more. 'My ad’ and then just as I rounded the path..I heard, ‘Game!’ Her racket went spinning up in the air. 1979 J. Kramer Game (1981) viii. 134 In the final set, when I was ahead only 4–3, I hit the chalk with a backhand volley to save an ad Frankie held against my serve. 2007 Canberra (Austral.) Times (Nexis) 5 Aug. a51 It would be deuce then ad then possibly game or deuce-ad-deuce. Compounds ad court n. = advantage court n. at advantage n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > court > parts of baseline1875 centreline1882 runback1891 alley1904 cover1907 no man's land1931 tramline1937 ad court1946 1946 Athletic Jrnl. May 43/1 Train your boys on singles to make their deuce-court service from a point as close to the center mark as possible, for here they will be nearest a backhand return. For the same protective reason their ad-court services should be made from about four feet left of center. 1964 T. Trabert in A. Trengove How to Play Tennis Professional Way 116 The fellow returning from the ad court also stands on or inside the base line. 2005 N.Y. Times 26 May d2/4 The sliced left-handed serve in the ad-court is no longer as routinely effective. ad point n. = advantage point n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > score or stage of game match ball1849 game ball1853 games all1853 game, set, and match1879 vantage1884 advantage point1889 game point1903 ad1915 match point1921 van1927 set point1928 ad point1939 break point1975 mini-break1981 1939 Sun (Baltimore) 7 Aug. 11/6 Thaler cross-courted on the backhand for ad point. 1986 New Yorker 13 Oct. 137/3 Mecir, with Becker serving, fought off three ad points that Becker held. 2011 J. Michaud When Tito loved Clara 294 At deuce, she'd clammed up and whizzed two aces past him, exclaiming, ‘Ha!’ as he lurched after the ad point. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). adn.⁵ Brit. /ad/, U.S. /æd/ Forms: 1900s– ad, 1900s– ad., 1900s– add. (with point). Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: addict n. Etymology: Shortened < addict n., apparently originally as a graphic abbreviation. slang (originally U.S.). A drug addict. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > [noun] > drug addict head1856 narcotist1860 drugger1870 drug fiend1873 druggard1882 narcomaniac1888 dope-fiend1896 addict1899 dopehead1901 hypo1904 drug addict1905 drug abuser1915 junker1922 junkie1923 hype1924 needle artist1925 needleman1925 schmecker1931 dope-addict1933 ad1938 dopester1938 narco1958 pillhead1962 druggie1966 freak1967 drugster1970 1938 Amer. Speech 13 180/1 Ad. or add., a narcotic addict, especially a needle-addict. 1951 Evening Sun (Baltimore) 27 Mar. 4/1 Depending on the type of ‘junk’ he was using and the place and method of administration, he was an ‘ad’. 1976 Amer. Speech 1973 48 208 With the drug explosion, large hospitals have increasingly admitted more ads ‘addicts’ who have taken an OD ‘overdose’. 2002 T. Nordegren A-Z Encycl. Alcohol & Drug Abuse 19/1 Ad, colloquial term for addict. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > see also also refers to : ad-prefix also refers to : -adsuffix¹ also refers to : -adsuffix² > as lemmas AD AD n. Military active duty. ΚΠ 1942 Sun (Baltimore) 1 Feb. ii. 75 ‘DP following Reserve Officers ordered to AD.’.. Written out this reads: ‘By direction of the President, the following Reserve Officers are ordered to active duty.’ 1990 Federal Reg. 7 Sept. 38086/3 Refer AD personnel with serologic evidence of HIV-1 infection for a medical evaluation of fitness for continued service. 2004 W. Taylor in H. J. Thie et al. Past & Future iv. 37 [They] often arrived at follow-on flying tours with considerably fewer flying hours than did their AD contemporaries. extracted from An. AD AD n. Medicine Alzheimer's disease. ΚΠ 1955 Jrnl. Mental Sci. 101 604 A.D. is a progressive dementia which usually occurs between the ages of 40 and 60 years. 1987 D. Collerton in S. M. Stahl et al. Cognitive Neurochem. xv. 285 A substantial noradrenergic deficit exists in some patients with AD. 2009 San Antonio (Texas) Express-News (Nexis) 25 Feb. 9 f AD leaves a specific type of brain damage different from what happens in schizophrenia. extracted from An. A.D. A.D. adv. [graphic abbreviation of post-classical Latin anno domini Anno Domini adv.] = Anno Domini adv.The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors (ed. 2, 2000) p. 4 notes: ‘precedes numerals, but follows numbers written as words’. The abbreviation is sometimes found after numerals. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > period with own chronological system or era > particular year in Christian era year of gracec1325 (in) the year of our Lord (also our Lord God, our Lord's incarnation)1389 the year of Christc1392 Anno Dom.1438 year1482 anno1484 Anno Domini1485 the year of (our) redemption1513 A.D.1556 year of (man's) salvation1560 1556 in tr. A. Mainardi Anatomi (title page) A. D. 1556. 1663 W. Blundell in T. E. Gibson Cavalier's Note Bk. (1880) 223 This course, as it is now used upon the marshes..was stooped out by me W.B., a.d. 1654. 1683 I. Mather Kometographia viii. 101 A.D. 1558. A Comet was seen in the Evening under Coma Berenices, of a pale colour, continuing about 30 dayes. 1764 J. Grainger Sugar-cane i. 13 (note) The declension of the needle was discovered, A.D. 1492, by Columbus. 1819 J. Playfair Geogr. & Statist. Descr. Scotl. 1 78 Kelso... Here an abbey for Tironensian monks was founded, and richly endowed by David I, A.D. 1128. 1875 E. H. Bunbury in Encycl. Brit. II. 712/2 The whole country..continued subject to the Byzantine empire, until it was overrun by the Seljukian Turks in 1074 a.d. 1906 T. Čapek Slovaks of Hungary 395 There is no mention in Strabo of the Germanic and Pannonic wars of Tiberius of the years 4–11 a.d. 1963 G. H. Williams in S. C. Neill & H. R. Weber Layman in Christian Hist. i. 30 In a letter to the church in Corinth written about AD 95, Clement..makes brief reference to the participants in the liturgy. 2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 1 July a1/3 Preliminary research dates the settlement from about A.D. 900 to 1100. extracted from An. AD AD n. autograph document. ΚΠ 1889 L. C. Draper Ess. Autographic Coll. Signers Declar. of Independence (rev. ed.) 46 An A. D.—autograph document, not signed, is sometimes called into requisition to eke out a collection. 1912 F. K. Walter Abbrev. & Techn. Terms Bk. Catal. 1 A.D., Autograph document. 1962 D. D. Jackson Lett. Lewis & Clark Exped. 161 AD, in Clark's hand. 2009 D. Carpenter S. R. Bradley: Lett. Revolutionary War Patriot 108 AD... In the hand of SRB. extracted from An. AD AD n. Military armoured division. ΚΠ 1949 R. E. Dupuy St. Vith, Lion in Way v. 71 One counterattack [CCB 9th AD] has started, but other [CCB 7th AD] not started yet. 2002 H. Coyle Against all Enemies (2009) xxii. 348 After a rapid and all but unopposed advance, the 4th AD came to a halt just west of Twin City. extracted from An. AD AD n. athletic director. ΚΠ 1950 Catholic Lib. World Jan. 128/1 He was the ‘A.D.’, or athletic director, at Roosevelt High School in Chicago. 2006 M. Conrad Business of Sport iii. 34 The AD controls the athletic department budget. extracted from An. AD AD n. chiefly Film assistant director, a person responsible for coordinating the production schedule of a film, and for oversight of the set, cast, and crew. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] > others involved in filming director of photography1916 grip1918 continuity writer1921 script girl1922 gaffer1926 production manager1927 best boy1931 production assistant1932 continuity girl1933 titler1933 clapper-boy1937 AD1957 1957 Radio Daily-Television Daily 18 June 7/3 Another person worthy of a testimonial repast—or at least a snack—is the so-called A.D., or assistant director. 1986 Washington Post 13 Dec. b1/4 They just put the camera up... The AD [assistant director] was a friend of mine. 2008 Independent 2 June (Extra section) 2/6 ‘First positions, thank you very much,’ calls the first AD. extracted from An. < n.¹eOEn.²1675n.³1799n.⁴1915n.⁵1938 see also as lemmas
随便看	praying wheel praying work praying-drum praying-jenny praying-wise prayingdrum prayingjenny prayingly prayings prayingwise praypray prays praytv praziquantel prazosin prazosins prb prc pre pre- pre-abdomen pre-accusation pre-acetabular pre-acknowledge pre-acknowledged

† adn.1

† adn.2

adn.3

Compounds

adn.4

Compounds

adn.5

> see also

> as lemmas

† adn.¹

† adn.²

adn.³

adn.⁴

adn.⁵