defilen.¹

Brit.

/ˈdiːfʌɪl/,

/dᵻˈfʌɪl/, U.S.

/ˈdiˌfaɪl/,

/dəˈfaɪl/

Forms: Formerly 1600s–1800s defilé, 1700s defilee.

Etymology: < French défilé (17th cent.), participial noun < défiler to defile v.²: the final -é was formerly often made -ee in English, but being generally written -e without accent, has come to be treated as e mute, the word being identified in form with defile v.²

1. Military. A narrow way or passage along which troops can march only by files or with a narrow front; esp. (and in ordinary use) a narrow pass or gorge between mountains.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > through hills or difficult ground

portc1275

pacec1330

close?a1400

destrayt1481

gate1601

gut1615

passc1650

defile1685

ghat1698

mountain pass1707

bealach1794

ca1795

poort1834

Passover1839

droke1848

gateway1884

α. defilé, defilee.

1685 London Gaz. No. 2064/2 They repassed the Defilés on the side of the Moras.

1698 tr. F. Froger Relation Voy. Coasts Afr. 62 They are surrounded with high Mountains; so that one cannot enter, or go out, but thro' a Defilé or narrow Passage.

1701 London Gaz. No. 3723/2 In a Defilee between a great Moras and the River Adige.

1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic II. xiv. 340 He was seized in the Defilees of those Mountains.

1797 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry (rev. ed.) App. 276 The Regiment passes a defilé, and forms in line of divisions.

1830 E. S. N. Campbell Dict. Mil. Sci. Defilé.

β. defile.1686 London Gaz. No. 2161/1 A Valley, to which there was no passage but by a very narrow Defile.1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 353 A long narrow Defile or Lane, which we were to pass to get through the Wood.1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xiv. 437 Constantine had taken post in a defile about half a mile in breadth, between a steep hill and a deep morass.1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV lxii. 34 By Thrasimene's lake, in the defiles Fatal to Roman rashness.1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xx. 139 [The glacier] squeezes itself through the narrow defile at the base of the Riffelhorn.

2. The act of defiling, a march by files. (Also as French, défilé.)

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > arrangement in line or file

rank and file1598

alignment1781

filing1796

defile1835

society > armed hostility > military operations > evolution > [noun] > marching > other specific march

forced march1769

route marching1788

route march1800

defile1835

road march1855

road marching1872

1835 in H. Greville Diary 65 In the Place Vendôme, where the King placed himself for the défilé of the troops.

1880 C. E. Norton Church-building in Middle Ages iii. 100 She watched the defile through her narrow and embattled streets of band after band of the envoys.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

defilen.²

Etymology: < defile v.³

Fortification. rare.

The act of defilading a fortress.

ΚΠ

1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

defilev.¹

Brit.

/dᵻˈfʌɪl/, U.S.

/dəˈfaɪl/,

/diˈfaɪl/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s defyle.

Etymology: An altered form of defoul, defoil, by association with file v.² defoul v., originally < Old French defouler ‘to trample down, oppress, outrage, violate’, had, by the 14th cent., come to be associated with the English adjective foul, and, in accordance with this, to be used in the sense ‘pollute’; in this sense English had already the native verbs befoul and befile, also foul and file (the latter < Old English fýlan umlaut derivative of Old English fúl, foul); and the example of these synonymous pairs appears to have led to the similar use of defile beside defoul. What share, if any, the variant defoil had in the process does not appear.

†1. transitive. To bruise, maul: cf. defoul v. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1400 Rom. Rose (C) 7317 Men ne may..Tearen the wolfe out of his hide, Till he be slaine backe and side, Though men him beat and all defile [Fr. Ja tant n' iert batus ne torchies. Rime ‘beguile’].

2. To render (materially) foul, filthy, or dirty; to pollute, dirty; to destroy the purity, cleanness, or clearness of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > pollute or defile [verb (transitive)]

afileeOE

besmiteeOE

shenda950

befilec1000

bisulienc1200

defoulc1320

file1340

foilc1380

smota1387

lime1390

solwea1400

surda1400

infectc1425

filtha1450

poison?a1513

defile1530

polluve1533

inquinate1542

pollute1548

contaminate1563

bumfiddlec1595

impure1598

conspurcate1600

defoil1601

sullya1616

vilify1615

deturpate1623

impiate1623

defedate1628

dreg1628

contemerate1650

spot1741

empoison1775

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 185 Letters wryten were founde vndefilede at the end of the yere.]

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 509/2 I defyle, I araye or soyle a thing. Je salis..This garment is sore defyled.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job ix. 31 Yet shuldest thou dyppe me in y^e myre, & myne owne clothes shulde defyle me.

1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 6th Serm. sig. Ui It is euyll byrd that defiles hys owne nest.

1626 J. Pory Let. 11 Aug. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 247 The French had so defiled that House, as a weeks worke would not make it cleane.

1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles xix. 319 It is not the agitation of the waters, but the sediment at the bottom, which troubles and defiles them.

1887 R. L. Stevenson Underwoods i. xxx. 63 While I defile the dinner plate.

figurative.1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. iii. 446 The stain of heresy no longer defiled the hem of her garment.

3. To render morally foul or polluted; to destroy the ideal purity of; to corrupt, taint, sully.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > pollute or defile

afileeOE

awemOE

filec1175

wemc1175

soila1250

foulc1330

defoula1340

bleckc1380

blemishc1380

pollutea1382

tache1390

sulpa1400

vilec1400

spota1413

stain1446

defilec1450

violate1490

tan1530

smear1549

beray1576

moil1596

discolour1598

smut1601

bespurtle1604

sullya1616

commaculatec1616

decolour?c1622

collutulate1623

deturpate1623

berust1631

smutch1640

discolorate1651

smoot1683

tarnish1695

tar1817

dirten1987

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 724 Bot he com þyder ryȝt as a chylde..Harmlez, trwe and vndefylde.]

c1450 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 104 I am..defyled with syne.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 50 Domician..was..in his last ȝeres al defiled witȝ vices.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark vii. f. liiij Thoo thynges which procede out of a man are those which defyle a man.

1555 Tract in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xliv. 126 Oh! miserable England, defiled with bloud by the Pope's sword!

1676 E. Stillingfleet Def. Disc. Idolatry ii. i. 430 Origen saith, that..the Christians would rather die than defile their Faith with such impieties.

1747 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. 302 Christianity, free from the superstitions with which it is defiled in other countries.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 167 The best things in human life are liable to be defiled and perverted.

†4. To violate the chastity of, to deflower; to debauch. Obsolete. Cf. defoul v. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > a woman

forliec1275

defoulc1290

dishonour1393

defilea1400

file?a1400

spilla1400

foilc1440

diviciatec1470

foul?1473

fulyie1505

vitiate1547

dishonest1565

fray1567

out1922

a1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 5 She wold not be defylyde With spot or wem of man.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 509/2 I defyle, I ravysshe a mayden of her maydenheed, Je viole..God defende that I sholde defyle her, and she a mayden.

1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. I4 She that..hathe leuer to dey than to be defilede.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxxiv. 2 Shechem the son of Hamor..tooke her, and lay with her, and defiled her.

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 490 The husband murder'd, and the wife defil'd.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 208 It must..appear, that she was afterwards married, or defiled.

a. To violate the sacredness or sanctity of; to desecrate, profane.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrilege > cause sacrilege [verb (transitive)]

defoulc1384

profanea1425

depravea1529

defile1535

unhallow1535

profanate1554

execratea1572

profanizate1578

sacrilege1578

unconsecrate1598

exaugurate1600

defoil1601

dishallow1624

desecrate1675

disenhallow1846

profanizea1876

c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 335 And þat þis haly place be fyled.]

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Chron. xxxvi. 14 [They] dyfyled the house of the Lorde.

1546 Wycklyffes Wycket sig. A.ii^v The armes of hym shall stonde, and shall defyle the sanctuarye.

1611 Bible (King James) Neh. xiii. 29 They have defiled the priesthood.

1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 144 Those that defile the Marriage-Bed.

b. To render ceremonially unclean.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > [verb (transitive)] > make ceremonially unclean

pollutea1382

defoulc1449

defile1535

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xi. 44 Ye shal not defyle youre selues on eny maner of crepynge beest.

1611 Bible (King James) Lev. xxii. 8 That which dieth of it selfe..hee shall not eate to defile himselfe therewith.

1611 Bible (King James) John xviii. 28 They themselves went not into the Iudgement hall, lest they should be defiled.

1882 F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs i It is a criminal offence..for a non-Hindu person to defile the food of even the lowest caste man.

†6. To sully the honour of, to dishonour. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > sullying or staining of reputation > stain or sully [verb (transitive)]

filea1325

foulc1330

tache1390

dark?c1400

distain1406

smita1413

blemish1414

black?c1425

defoul1470

maculate?a1475

macule1484

tan1530

staina1535

spota1542

smear1549

blot1566

besmear1579

defile1581

attaint1590

soila1596

slubber1599

tack1601

woad1603

besmirch1604

blur1604

to breathe upon ——1608

be-smut1610

clouda1616

sullya1616

taint1623

smutch1640

blackena1649

to cast, put, throw (etc.) a slur on or upon (a person or thing)1654

beslur1675

tarnish1695

blackwash1762

carbonify1792

smirch1820

tattoo1884

dirten1987

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 29 b This foule mouthed Gentleman depraveth and defileth the death of that godly man.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 411 Come recreant..Ile whippe thee with a rodde. He is defil'd, That drawes a sword on thee.

1709 J. Swift Let. conc. Sacramental Test 7 However his Character may be Defiled by such Men and dirty Hands.

†7. absol. To cause defilement or filth; to drop excrement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > substance or secretion and excretion > [verb (intransitive)] > excrete

fumay1486

dung1508

defile1547

to make a mess1928

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe ii. f. v^v Asses, and moyles did defyle within the precynct of the church.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 417 This pitch (as ancient writers do report) doth defile, so doth the companie thou keepest.

†8. intransitive. To become foul or unclean. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > be or become dirty [verb (intransitive)]

solec1000

beclartc1230

defile1673

dirty1864

1673 J. Caryl Nature & Princ. Love 79 If you do not daily sweep your houses they will defile.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

defilev.²

Brit.

/dᵻˈfʌɪl/, U.S.

/dəˈfaɪl/,

/diˈfaɪl/

Etymology: < French défiler (1648 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < de- prefix 1f + file , noun, file n.²

Military.

1. intransitive. To march in a line or by files; to file off. Also transferred.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > evolution > [verb (intransitive)] > march > march in line

defile1705

1705 A. R. Accompl. Officer vii. 90 Lest the Army being too long Defiling should be defeated by degrees, before it can form its Lines.

1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. x. 393 He began by making the troops defile.

1812 Examiner 23 Aug. 531/2 The division..defiled on the right.

a1856 H. Miller Testimony of Rocks (1857) ii. 111 That long procession of being which..is still defiling across the stage.

2. transitive. To traverse by files. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form or reform [verb (intransitive)] > traverse by files

defile1761

1761–2 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lvi. 293 He briskly attacked them, as they were defiling a lane.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

defilev.³

Brit.

/dᵻˈfʌɪl/, U.S.

/dəˈfaɪl/,

/diˈfaɪl/

Etymology: < French défiler (14th cent. desfilher to unthread, in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < dé- , de- prefix 1f + radical part of enfiler (= désenfiler ): see enfile v., enfilade n.

Fortification. rare.

= defilade v.

ΚΠ

1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. , and in later Dicts.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1685

n.²1864

v.¹a1400

v.²1705

v.³1864

单词	defile
释义	defilen.¹ Brit. /ˈdiːfʌɪl/, /dᵻˈfʌɪl/, U.S. /ˈdiˌfaɪl/, /dəˈfaɪl/ Forms: Formerly 1600s–1800s defilé, 1700s defilee. Etymology: < French défilé (17th cent.), participial noun < défiler to defile v.²: the final -é was formerly often made -ee in English, but being generally written -e without accent, has come to be treated as e mute, the word being identified in form with defile v.² 1. Military. A narrow way or passage along which troops can march only by files or with a narrow front; esp. (and in ordinary use) a narrow pass or gorge between mountains. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > through hills or difficult ground portc1275 pacec1330 close?a1400 destrayt1481 gate1601 gut1615 passc1650 defile1685 ghat1698 mountain pass1707 bealach1794 ca1795 poort1834 Passover1839 droke1848 gateway1884 α. defilé, defilee. 1685 London Gaz. No. 2064/2 They repassed the Defilés on the side of the Moras. 1698 tr. F. Froger Relation Voy. Coasts Afr. 62 They are surrounded with high Mountains; so that one cannot enter, or go out, but thro' a Defilé or narrow Passage. 1701 London Gaz. No. 3723/2 In a Defilee between a great Moras and the River Adige. 1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic II. xiv. 340 He was seized in the Defilees of those Mountains. 1797 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry (rev. ed.) App. 276 The Regiment passes a defilé, and forms in line of divisions. 1830 E. S. N. Campbell Dict. Mil. Sci. Defilé. β. defile.1686 London Gaz. No. 2161/1 A Valley, to which there was no passage but by a very narrow Defile.1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 353 A long narrow Defile or Lane, which we were to pass to get through the Wood.1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xiv. 437 Constantine had taken post in a defile about half a mile in breadth, between a steep hill and a deep morass.1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV lxii. 34 By Thrasimene's lake, in the defiles Fatal to Roman rashness.1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xx. 139 [The glacier] squeezes itself through the narrow defile at the base of the Riffelhorn. 2. The act of defiling, a march by files. (Also as French, défilé.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > arrangement in line or file rank and file1598 alignment1781 filing1796 defile1835 society > armed hostility > military operations > evolution > [noun] > marching > other specific march forced march1769 route marching1788 route march1800 defile1835 road march1855 road marching1872 1835 in H. Greville Diary 65 In the Place Vendôme, where the King placed himself for the défilé of the troops. 1880 C. E. Norton Church-building in Middle Ages iii. 100 She watched the defile through her narrow and embattled streets of band after band of the envoys. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). defilen.² Etymology: < defile v.³ Fortification. rare. The act of defilading a fortress. ΚΠ 1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2019). defilev.¹ Brit. /dᵻˈfʌɪl/, U.S. /dəˈfaɪl/, /diˈfaɪl/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s defyle. Etymology: An altered form of defoul, defoil, by association with file v.² defoul v., originally < Old French defouler ‘to trample down, oppress, outrage, violate’, had, by the 14th cent., come to be associated with the English adjective foul, and, in accordance with this, to be used in the sense ‘pollute’; in this sense English had already the native verbs befoul and befile, also foul and file (the latter < Old English fýlan umlaut derivative of Old English fúl, foul); and the example of these synonymous pairs appears to have led to the similar use of defile beside defoul. What share, if any, the variant defoil had in the process does not appear. †1. transitive. To bruise, maul: cf. defoul v. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1400 Rom. Rose (C) 7317 Men ne may..Tearen the wolfe out of his hide, Till he be slaine backe and side, Though men him beat and all defile [Fr. Ja tant n' iert batus ne torchies. Rime ‘beguile’]. 2. To render (materially) foul, filthy, or dirty; to pollute, dirty; to destroy the purity, cleanness, or clearness of. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > pollute or defile [verb (transitive)] afileeOE besmiteeOE shenda950 befilec1000 bisulienc1200 defoulc1320 file1340 foilc1380 smota1387 lime1390 solwea1400 surda1400 infectc1425 filtha1450 poison?a1513 defile1530 polluve1533 inquinate1542 pollute1548 contaminate1563 bumfiddlec1595 impure1598 conspurcate1600 defoil1601 sullya1616 vilify1615 deturpate1623 impiate1623 defedate1628 dreg1628 contemerate1650 spot1741 empoison1775 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 185 Letters wryten were founde vndefilede at the end of the yere.] 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 509/2 I defyle, I araye or soyle a thing. Je salis..This garment is sore defyled. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job ix. 31 Yet shuldest thou dyppe me in y^e myre, & myne owne clothes shulde defyle me. 1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 6th Serm. sig. Ui It is euyll byrd that defiles hys owne nest. 1626 J. Pory Let. 11 Aug. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 247 The French had so defiled that House, as a weeks worke would not make it cleane. 1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles xix. 319 It is not the agitation of the waters, but the sediment at the bottom, which troubles and defiles them. 1887 R. L. Stevenson Underwoods i. xxx. 63 While I defile the dinner plate. figurative.1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. iii. 446 The stain of heresy no longer defiled the hem of her garment. 3. To render morally foul or polluted; to destroy the ideal purity of; to corrupt, taint, sully. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > pollute or defile afileeOE awemOE filec1175 wemc1175 soila1250 foulc1330 defoula1340 bleckc1380 blemishc1380 pollutea1382 tache1390 sulpa1400 vilec1400 spota1413 stain1446 defilec1450 violate1490 tan1530 smear1549 beray1576 moil1596 discolour1598 smut1601 bespurtle1604 sullya1616 commaculatec1616 decolour?c1622 collutulate1623 deturpate1623 berust1631 smutch1640 discolorate1651 smoot1683 tarnish1695 tar1817 dirten1987 c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 724 Bot he com þyder ryȝt as a chylde..Harmlez, trwe and vndefylde.] c1450 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 104 I am..defyled with syne. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 50 Domician..was..in his last ȝeres al defiled witȝ vices. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark vii. f. liiij Thoo thynges which procede out of a man are those which defyle a man. 1555 Tract in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xliv. 126 Oh! miserable England, defiled with bloud by the Pope's sword! 1676 E. Stillingfleet Def. Disc. Idolatry ii. i. 430 Origen saith, that..the Christians would rather die than defile their Faith with such impieties. 1747 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. 302 Christianity, free from the superstitions with which it is defiled in other countries. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 167 The best things in human life are liable to be defiled and perverted. †4. To violate the chastity of, to deflower; to debauch. Obsolete. Cf. defoul v. 4. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > a woman forliec1275 defoulc1290 dishonour1393 defilea1400 file?a1400 spilla1400 foilc1440 diviciatec1470 foul?1473 fulyie1505 vitiate1547 dishonest1565 fray1567 out1922 a1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 5 She wold not be defylyde With spot or wem of man. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 509/2 I defyle, I ravysshe a mayden of her maydenheed, Je viole..God defende that I sholde defyle her, and she a mayden. 1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. I4 She that..hathe leuer to dey than to be defilede. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxxiv. 2 Shechem the son of Hamor..tooke her, and lay with her, and defiled her. View more context for this quotation 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 490 The husband murder'd, and the wife defil'd. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 208 It must..appear, that she was afterwards married, or defiled. 5. a. To violate the sacredness or sanctity of; to desecrate, profane. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrilege > cause sacrilege [verb (transitive)] defoulc1384 profanea1425 depravea1529 defile1535 unhallow1535 profanate1554 execratea1572 profanizate1578 sacrilege1578 unconsecrate1598 exaugurate1600 defoil1601 dishallow1624 desecrate1675 disenhallow1846 profanizea1876 c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 335 And þat þis haly place be fyled.] 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Chron. xxxvi. 14 [They] dyfyled the house of the Lorde. 1546 Wycklyffes Wycket sig. A.ii^v The armes of hym shall stonde, and shall defyle the sanctuarye. 1611 Bible (King James) Neh. xiii. 29 They have defiled the priesthood. View more context for this quotation 1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 144 Those that defile the Marriage-Bed. b. To render ceremonially unclean. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > [verb (transitive)] > make ceremonially unclean pollutea1382 defoulc1449 defile1535 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xi. 44 Ye shal not defyle youre selues on eny maner of crepynge beest. 1611 Bible (King James) Lev. xxii. 8 That which dieth of it selfe..hee shall not eate to defile himselfe therewith. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) John xviii. 28 They themselves went not into the Iudgement hall, lest they should be defiled. 1882 F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs i It is a criminal offence..for a non-Hindu person to defile the food of even the lowest caste man. †6. To sully the honour of, to dishonour. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > sullying or staining of reputation > stain or sully [verb (transitive)] filea1325 foulc1330 tache1390 dark?c1400 distain1406 smita1413 blemish1414 black?c1425 defoul1470 maculate?a1475 macule1484 tan1530 staina1535 spota1542 smear1549 blot1566 besmear1579 defile1581 attaint1590 soila1596 slubber1599 tack1601 woad1603 besmirch1604 blur1604 to breathe upon ——1608 be-smut1610 clouda1616 sullya1616 taint1623 smutch1640 blackena1649 to cast, put, throw (etc.) a slur on or upon (a person or thing)1654 beslur1675 tarnish1695 blackwash1762 carbonify1792 smirch1820 tattoo1884 dirten1987 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 29 b This foule mouthed Gentleman depraveth and defileth the death of that godly man. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 411 Come recreant..Ile whippe thee with a rodde. He is defil'd, That drawes a sword on thee. View more context for this quotation 1709 J. Swift Let. conc. Sacramental Test 7 However his Character may be Defiled by such Men and dirty Hands. †7. absol. To cause defilement or filth; to drop excrement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > substance or secretion and excretion > [verb (intransitive)] > excrete fumay1486 dung1508 defile1547 to make a mess1928 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe ii. f. v^v Asses, and moyles did defyle within the precynct of the church. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 417 This pitch (as ancient writers do report) doth defile, so doth the companie thou keepest. View more context for this quotation †8. intransitive. To become foul or unclean. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > be or become dirty [verb (intransitive)] solec1000 beclartc1230 defile1673 dirty1864 1673 J. Caryl Nature & Princ. Love 79 If you do not daily sweep your houses they will defile. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). defilev.² Brit. /dᵻˈfʌɪl/, U.S. /dəˈfaɪl/, /diˈfaɪl/ Etymology: < French défiler (1648 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < de- prefix 1f + file , noun, file n.² Military. 1. intransitive. To march in a line or by files; to file off. Also transferred. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > evolution > [verb (intransitive)] > march > march in line defile1705 1705 A. R. Accompl. Officer vii. 90 Lest the Army being too long Defiling should be defeated by degrees, before it can form its Lines. 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. x. 393 He began by making the troops defile. 1812 Examiner 23 Aug. 531/2 The division..defiled on the right. a1856 H. Miller Testimony of Rocks (1857) ii. 111 That long procession of being which..is still defiling across the stage. 2. transitive. To traverse by files. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form or reform [verb (intransitive)] > traverse by files defile1761 1761–2 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lvi. 293 He briskly attacked them, as they were defiling a lane. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). defilev.³ Brit. /dᵻˈfʌɪl/, U.S. /dəˈfaɪl/, /diˈfaɪl/ Etymology: < French défiler (14th cent. desfilher to unthread, in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < dé- , de- prefix 1f + radical part of enfiler (= désenfiler ): see enfile v., enfilade n. Fortification. rare. = defilade v. ΚΠ 1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. , and in later Dicts. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1685n.²1864v.¹a1400v.²1705v.³1864
随便看	θ230513 θ230514 θ230515 θ230516 θ230517 θ230518 θ230519 θ23052 θ230520 θ230521 θ230522 θ230523 θ230524 θ230525 θ230526 θ230527 θ230528 θ230529 θ23053 θ230530 θ230531 θ230532 θ230533 θ230534 θ230535

defilen.1

defilen.2

defilev.1

defilev.2

defilev.3

defilen.¹

defilen.²

defilev.¹

defilev.²

defilev.³