α. Middle English– algebra, late Middle English algabra.
β. 1500s–1600s algeber, 1600s algebre.
γ. 1500s algiebar.
单词 | algebra |
释义 | algebran.α. Middle English– algebra, late Middle English algabra. β. 1500s–1600s algeber, 1600s algebre. γ. 1500s algiebar. 1. Surgical treatment of a fractured or dislocated bone. Also (as a count noun): a fracture or dislocation. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > [noun] > setting bones or dislocations algebraa1400 reduction?a1425 bone-setting1587 reposition1588 coaptation1783 reposit1849 fixation1897 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 63 (MED) Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate til viij daies ben goon..þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 1 Separate is ioyned in consolding wondes & in reducyng algebras. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) f. 100 Algebra, þat is strecchinge oute or restorynge of broken bones and of bones out of ioynte. ?1541 R. Copland Formularie of Helpes of Woundes & Sores in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Xiij The helpes of Algebra & of dislocations. 1999 L. H. Feldman War against Epidemics Colonial Guatemala 22 The Royal Protomedicato, a board of licensed medical examiners,..was not established in Guatemala until 1793... Its jurisdiction covered the entire field of medicine—algebra (bone setting), midwifery, phlebotomy (bloodletting), surgery, and pharmacy. 2. Mathematics. a. As a mass noun: (originally) the branch of mathematics in which letters are used to represent numbers in formulae and equations; (in later use more widely) that in which symbols are used to represent quantities, relations, operations, and other concepts, and operations may be applied only a finite number of times.abstract, Boolean, matrix, quadruple, tensor algebra, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] algebra1551 almacabala1570 Rule of Coss1570 analytics1656 universal mathematics1673 figurative arithmetic1690 universal arithmetic1720 characteristic equation1857 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. ii. Pref. Also the rule of false position, with dyuers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertaynyng to the rule of Algeber. 1570 H. Billingsley in tr. Euclid Elements Geom. x. Introd. f. 228v That more secret and subtill part of Arithmetike, commonly called Algebra. 1579 L. Digges & T. Digges Stratioticos 55 This Art of Algebra or Rule of Cosse as the Italians terme it. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. Bv Your Alchemye, and your Algebra . View more context for this quotation 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 10 And wisely tell what hour o' th' day The Clock does strike, by Algebra. 1709 S. Cobb tr. J. Alexander Synopsis Algebra 84 (heading) Linear Algebra in Order to the Geometric Construction of Equations. 1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 6 A proportion..beyond all the powers of Algebra to equalize and settle. 1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 213 And if it weigh th' importance of a fly, The scales are false or Algebra a lie. 1844 W. Flagg Let. 12 Dec. in Flagg Corr. (1986) 57 There are only 2 scholars that study Algebra... I did not like it very well. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands III. 102 Passionless as algebra. 1928 A. Huxley Point Counter Point iv. 48 Arithmetic held a wild saturnalian kermesse; algebra cut capers. 1994 B. A. Staples Parallel Time viii. 122 I failed algebra and would spend the summer..sweating over equations. 2007 Science 7 Dec. 1534/1 Algebra is a gateway course for high school mathematics; without mastering algebra, a college degree in science or engineering is impossible. b. As a count noun: a set together with operations such as addition or multiplication, typically distinguished from other such systems by the choice of axioms; spec. a ring (ring n.1 15) that is also a vector space over a field of scalars and has the property that multiplication of an element by a scalar commutes with multiplication by another ring element, i.e. (ax)y = a(xy), where a is a scalar and x and y are elements of the ring.Banach, Lie algebra, etc.: see the first element. ΚΠ 1854 G. Boole Investig. Laws Thought ii. 37 Let us conceive, then, of an Algebra in which the symbols x, y, z, &c. admit indifferently of the values 0 and 1, and of these values alone. 1870 B. Pierce Linear Associative Algebra 21 This is quite an important limitation, and the algebras which are subject to it will be called associative. 1914 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 15 162 In discussing primitive algebras we may without any real loss of generality assume that any element commutative with every other element of the algebra is a scalar, i.e., an element of the field F. 1956 R. H. Atkin Math. & Wave Mech. iii. 76 As in all algebras we find it convenient to introduce two identity operators. 1963 G. F. Simmons Introd. Topol. & Mod. Anal. xii. 303 A C*-algebra with the further property of being closed in the weak operator topology is called a W*-algebra. Algebras of this kind are also called rings of operators, or von Neumann algebras. 2010 J. J. Rotman Adv. Mod. Algebra (ed. 2) vi. 484 The tensor product of algebras is an ‘honest’ construction. 3. In extended use and figurative. Something, esp. a system or process, that resembles algebra in substituting one thing for another, or in using symbols, signs, etc., to represent ideas and concepts. Cf. grammar n. 6a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > quality of being systematic > systematic arrangement > a system or scheme > specific types of system hierarchy1644 algebra1663 network1839 closed system1896 open system1939 1663 W. Clark Marciano ii. i. 13 Fly! Fly! avaunt with that base cowardly gibbrish; That Algebra of honour. a1721 M. Prior Ess. & Dialogues of Dead: Lock & Montaigne in Dialogues of Dead & Other Wks. (1907) 233 Egad Simile is the very Algebra of Discourse. 1831 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 29 509/1 Our modern costumiers take measure by algebra, and cut out by diagrams. 1929 Writer July 221/1 Every free-lance ought to know at least the commonest of these symbols in the algebra of publication. 1937 A. Huxley Let. 6 Dec. (1969) 428 A very remarkable man called Sheldon, a psychologist... [who] seems..to have evolved a genuine algebra in terms of which to discuss the problem [sc. of psychological types]. 1990 Sci. Amer. Nov. 97/1 The novel algebra of their fields describes our world quite well, abuzz with diverse particles as it is. 2005 LA Weekly (Nexis) 25 Feb. 44 I wondered: Was there some emotional algebra to this music that, once understood, would unlock a new landscape of meaning? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1400 |
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