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单词 deflation
释义

deflationn.

/diːˈfleɪʃən/
Etymology: < deflate v. + -ion suffix1.
1. The release of air from something inflated.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > deflation
disinflation1880
deflation1891
the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > condition of being inflated > inflating > deflation
disinflation1880
deflation1891
1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Aug. 1/3 A new patent valve, possessing the long-desired means for deflation as well as inflation.
1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. xxix. 22/2 An imposed, maintained deflation of the lungs increases the frequency, or force, or both, of spontaneous inspiratory efforts.
2. Physical Geography. [ < German deflation (J. Walther 1891, in Abhandl. d. math.-phys. Classe d. k. sächsischen Ges. d. Wissenschaften XVI. 38).] The removal of particles of rock, sand, etc., by the wind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > by wind, water, or ice
transportation1830
deflation1893
altiplanation1915
cryoplanation1946
1893 J. Walther in National Geographic Mag. IV. 176 We say of the wind that it ‘sweeps’ over the ground; for this word means nothing else than that the wind cleans the ground of all loose particles that cover it. Translated into technical geologic language, it is called ‘deflation’, but that means nothing else than the every-day word ‘sweep’.
1898 J. Geikie Earth Sculpt. 20 The transporting action of the wind, or ‘deflation’ as it is termed, goes on without ceasing.
1910 P. Lake & R. H. Rastall Text-bk. Geol. 73 Erosion by wind divides itself naturally into two parts—removal by material or deflation, which of course comes under the heading of transport, and actual corrasion or wearing away of the rocks by the dynamical effect of moving sand.
1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xii. 302 Some geologists..believe that deflation is a relatively insignificant process..in the reduction of desert landscapes.
1970 R. J. Small Study of Landforms ix. 300 Deflation could gradually deepen the hollow until the water-table was exposed.
3. The action or process of deflating currency; an economic situation characterized by a rise in the value of money and a fall in prices, wages, and credit, usually accompanied by a rise in unemployment. Cf. inflation n., disinflation n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > value of money > [noun] > rise or increase in value
appreciation1777
capital appreciation1888
deflation1920
disinflation1947
upvaluation1953
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > states or trends of the economy
inflation1821
economic cycle1832
recovery1843
downdraught1852
perfect competition1853
downturn1858
softness1872
slump1888
downtrend1890
sag1891
under-consumption1895
recession1905
downdrift1906
economic recession1908
air pocket1913
stickiness1913
trough1916
deflation1920
downswing1922
slowdown1922
scissors1924
scissors crisis1925
uptrend1926
reflation1932
depresh1933
upswing1934
stagnation1938
countercycle1944
fiscal cliff1957
turn-down1957
stagflation1965
soft landing1973
slumpflation1974
downer1976
1920 R. G. Hawtrey in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1919 252 To restore a depreciated unit to its normal gold value requires a measure of deflation. Deflation, which is a reversal of the process of inflation, must mean a decrease in the aggregate of money incomes.
1920 Glasgow Herald 11 May 10 The process of deflation likely to result from the new rights of the Federal Reserve system to discount on a graded scale.
1923 Guernsey Star 25 Jan. The primary ground on which a policy of gradual deflation is recommended is that it raises the exchange value of the pound sterling in relation to the dollar and hastens our return to the gold standard.
1956 Ann. Reg. 1955 227 Influential bankers and industrialists complained that the ‘credit squeeze’ had been overdone and warned against the danger of deflation.
4. figurative. (Cf. deflate v. 2a, 2b.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun]
unlustOE
sorrowfulnessa1250
heavinessc1275
elengenessec1320
dullnessc1369
tristourc1380
murknessc1390
tristesse1390
faintness1398
ungladnessa1400
droopingc1400
heavity14..
dejectionc1450
terne?a1513
disconsolation1515
descence1526
marea1529
sadness?1537
dumpishness1548
unblessedness1549
dolorousness1553
ruefulness?1574
dolefulness1586
heartlessness1591
languishment1591
mopishness1598
soul-sickness1603
contristation1605
damp1606
gloominess1607
sableness1607
uncheerfulnessa1617
disconsolateness1624
cheerlessnessa1631
dejectedness1633
droopingness1635
disanimation1637
lowness1639
desponsion1641
disconsolacy1646
despondency1653
dispiritedness1654
chagrin1656
demission1656
jawfall1660
weightedness1660
depression1665
disconsolancy1665
grumness1675
despondence1676
despond1678
disheartenednessa1680
glumness1727
low1727
gloom1744
low-spiritedness1754
blue devils1756
black dog1776
humdudgeon1785
blue devilism1787
dispiritude1797
wishtnessc1800
downheartedness1801
blue-devilage1816
dispiritment1827
downcastness1827
depressiveness1832
dolorosity1835
lugubriosity1840
disconsolance1847
down1856
heavy-heartedness1860
lugubriousness1879
sullenness1885
low key1886
melancholia1896
burn-out1903
mokus1924
downness1927
mopiness1927
deflation1933
wallow1934
the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > [noun]
bismerc893
humiliationc1386
lowinga1398
dejectionc1450
avale?a1513
depression?1531
embasing1551
abasement1561
debasement1593
mortification1598
exinanitiona1631
demissiona1638
dejectment1656
depressure1656
dismounting1677
letting down1827
take-down1858
snubbing1861
scoring1893
deflation1958
1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come ii. §12. 243 The mindless exaltation and the subsequent mindless deflation of American spiritual life.
1944 H. G. Wells '42 to '44 157 Maybe his mental trouble is not hopeless. He may be cured by his deflation.
1958 G. J. Warnock Eng. Philos. since 1900 xiii. 173 The contemporary philosopher's eye is characteristically cold and his pen, perhaps, apt to be employed as an instrument of deflation.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2019).
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n.1891
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