单词 | deflation |
释义 | deflationn. 1. The release of air from something inflated. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > deflation disinflation1880 deflation1891 the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > condition of being inflated > inflating > deflation disinflation1880 deflation1891 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Aug. 1/3 A new patent valve, possessing the long-desired means for deflation as well as inflation. 1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. xxix. 22/2 An imposed, maintained deflation of the lungs increases the frequency, or force, or both, of spontaneous inspiratory efforts. 2. Physical Geography. [ < German deflation (J. Walther 1891, in Abhandl. d. math.-phys. Classe d. k. sächsischen Ges. d. Wissenschaften XVI. 38).] The removal of particles of rock, sand, etc., by the wind. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > by wind, water, or ice transportation1830 deflation1893 altiplanation1915 cryoplanation1946 1893 J. Walther in National Geographic Mag. IV. 176 We say of the wind that it ‘sweeps’ over the ground; for this word means nothing else than that the wind cleans the ground of all loose particles that cover it. Translated into technical geologic language, it is called ‘deflation’, but that means nothing else than the every-day word ‘sweep’. 1898 J. Geikie Earth Sculpt. 20 The transporting action of the wind, or ‘deflation’ as it is termed, goes on without ceasing. 1910 P. Lake & R. H. Rastall Text-bk. Geol. 73 Erosion by wind divides itself naturally into two parts—removal by material or deflation, which of course comes under the heading of transport, and actual corrasion or wearing away of the rocks by the dynamical effect of moving sand. 1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xii. 302 Some geologists..believe that deflation is a relatively insignificant process..in the reduction of desert landscapes. 1970 R. J. Small Study of Landforms ix. 300 Deflation could gradually deepen the hollow until the water-table was exposed. 3. The action or process of deflating currency; an economic situation characterized by a rise in the value of money and a fall in prices, wages, and credit, usually accompanied by a rise in unemployment. Cf. inflation n., disinflation n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > value of money > [noun] > rise or increase in value appreciation1777 capital appreciation1888 deflation1920 disinflation1947 upvaluation1953 society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > states or trends of the economy inflation1821 economic cycle1832 recovery1843 downdraught1852 perfect competition1853 downturn1858 softness1872 slump1888 downtrend1890 sag1891 under-consumption1895 recession1905 downdrift1906 economic recession1908 air pocket1913 stickiness1913 trough1916 deflation1920 downswing1922 slowdown1922 scissors1924 scissors crisis1925 uptrend1926 reflation1932 depresh1933 upswing1934 stagnation1938 countercycle1944 fiscal cliff1957 turn-down1957 stagflation1965 soft landing1973 slumpflation1974 downer1976 1920 R. G. Hawtrey in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1919 252 To restore a depreciated unit to its normal gold value requires a measure of deflation. Deflation, which is a reversal of the process of inflation, must mean a decrease in the aggregate of money incomes. 1920 Glasgow Herald 11 May 10 The process of deflation likely to result from the new rights of the Federal Reserve system to discount on a graded scale. 1923 Guernsey Star 25 Jan. The primary ground on which a policy of gradual deflation is recommended is that it raises the exchange value of the pound sterling in relation to the dollar and hastens our return to the gold standard. 1956 Ann. Reg. 1955 227 Influential bankers and industrialists complained that the ‘credit squeeze’ had been overdone and warned against the danger of deflation. 4. figurative. (Cf. deflate v. 2a, 2b.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] unlustOE sorrowfulnessa1250 heavinessc1275 elengenessec1320 dullnessc1369 tristourc1380 murknessc1390 tristesse1390 faintness1398 ungladnessa1400 droopingc1400 heavity14.. dejectionc1450 terne?a1513 disconsolation1515 descence1526 marea1529 sadness?1537 dumpishness1548 unblessedness1549 dolorousness1553 ruefulness?1574 dolefulness1586 heartlessness1591 languishment1591 mopishness1598 soul-sickness1603 contristation1605 damp1606 gloominess1607 sableness1607 uncheerfulnessa1617 disconsolateness1624 cheerlessnessa1631 dejectedness1633 droopingness1635 disanimation1637 lowness1639 desponsion1641 disconsolacy1646 despondency1653 dispiritedness1654 chagrin1656 demission1656 jawfall1660 weightedness1660 depression1665 disconsolancy1665 grumness1675 despondence1676 despond1678 disheartenednessa1680 glumness1727 low1727 gloom1744 low-spiritedness1754 blue devils1756 black dog1776 humdudgeon1785 blue devilism1787 dispiritude1797 wishtnessc1800 downheartedness1801 blue-devilage1816 dispiritment1827 downcastness1827 depressiveness1832 dolorosity1835 lugubriosity1840 disconsolance1847 down1856 heavy-heartedness1860 lugubriousness1879 sullenness1885 low key1886 melancholia1896 burn-out1903 mokus1924 downness1927 mopiness1927 deflation1933 wallow1934 the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > [noun] bismerc893 humiliationc1386 lowinga1398 dejectionc1450 avale?a1513 depression?1531 embasing1551 abasement1561 debasement1593 mortification1598 exinanitiona1631 demissiona1638 dejectment1656 depressure1656 dismounting1677 letting down1827 take-down1858 snubbing1861 scoring1893 deflation1958 1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come ii. §12. 243 The mindless exaltation and the subsequent mindless deflation of American spiritual life. 1944 H. G. Wells '42 to '44 157 Maybe his mental trouble is not hopeless. He may be cured by his deflation. 1958 G. J. Warnock Eng. Philos. since 1900 xiii. 173 The contemporary philosopher's eye is characteristically cold and his pen, perhaps, apt to be employed as an instrument of deflation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.1891 |
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