defalcationn.

/diːfalˈkeɪʃən/

Etymology: < medieval Latin dēfalcātiōn-em, noun of action < dēfalcāre : see defalcate v. So modern French défalcation (18th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).

†1.

a. Diminution or reduction by taking away a part; cutting down, abatement, curtailment. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > curtailment

wanec1315

abridginga1382

shortinga1390

abridgement1439

defalcation1476

shorteninga1542

retrenchmentc1600

abridge1611

amputation1664

castration1728

curtail1797

curtailment1799

clipping1839

1476 Will of Sir John Crosby (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/6) f. 187 An equall defalcacion or diminucion pounde poundelike penny pennylike and rate ratelike of all the legates aforesaide.

1526 Eltham Ordinances in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 139 To be corrected..by the checking and defalcation of their wages.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xii. 566/1 This treasonable defalcation and weakening of the roiall meanes.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 412 In such defalcation of measures by Cyrus allotted, he shewed little courtship to his master the Emperour.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 488. ¶2 The Tea Table shall be set forth every Morning with its Customary Bill of Fare, and without any manner of Defalcation.

b. spec. Reduction of an account, claim, etc., by the amount of a counter-account or claim, allowed as a set-off.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > discount > [noun] > other money discounts

defalcation1622

early bird1906

no-claims bonus1933

trade-in1940

rate rebate1965

multibuy1985

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 117 The Factor is to haue the benefit of the Salt in defalcation of the said fraight.

1830 C. Huston in Houk v. Foley 2 Pen. & W. (Pa.) 250 Defalcation is setting off another account or another contract—perhaps total want of consideration founded on fraud, imposition, or falsehood, is not defalcation: though, being relieved in the same way, they are blended.

a. The action or fact of cutting or lopping off or taking away; deduction. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > [noun]

defalking1475

deduction1496

defeasance1516

detraction1528

subtraction1534

subduction1555

abating1557

ademption1590

subtracting1611

defalcation1624

retractiona1636

abate1646

deducing1651

dockage1886

1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 471 The defalcation of one kind is against the integritie of the substance of the Eucharist.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 145 If we be still our old selves..without defalcation of our corruptions, without addition of Grace.

1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 147 To allow twelve thousand Pds to y^e Farmers, by way of defalcation, out of ther Rents for y^e Customs.

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 285 If these deductions and defalcations be made.

1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 440 His Majesty..will order the Defalcation of the Sum adjudged to his Subjects.

a1832 J. Bentham Mem. & Corr. in Wks. (1843) X. 69 The stock of knowledge..from which, after a certain period [of life], large defalcations are every minute making by the scythe of Time.

b. A deduction; a diminution or abatement to which an amount (income, etc.) is liable, on account of debts or expenses. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses

costningc1275

spense1297

costagesa1325

misesa1325

spenses1377

dispensec1380

expensesc1384

pensiona1387

costsc1390

resaillec1450

chargec1460

charges1514

outgiving1556

disbursement1607

going-outs1607

defalcation1622

outgoing1622

expense1632

outgoa1641

damage1755

outset1755

expenditure1791

outspend1859

ex1864

paid-out1883

outs1884

x's1894

1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre ii. iv. 55 After his debts and defaulcations are paid.

1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) Democritus to Rdr. 55 To defray this charge of warres, as also all other publicke defalcations, expences, fees, pensions.

1690 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso ii. 20 This inward Recompense is received, not only without any Defalcations, but with great improvements.

1701 W. Paterson Proposals Council of Trade 6 Repairs, risques damages by Fire and other defalcations.

1823 ‘G. Smith’ Not Paul, but Jesus p. iii A reprint..but with some defalcations, additions, and alterations.

3. Diminution suffered or sustained; falling off. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > declining or falling off

declinea1327

fadea1400

paira1400

declining1481

vading1570

fall1590

hield1599

languishment1617

decay1636

defalcation1649

decidence1655

fall-off1676

falling off1761

fallaway1879

downswing1922

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar xi. i. §9 Nothing but a very great defalcation or ruin of a man's estate will..justify such a controversy.

1792 Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 82 27 The brightness of the moon, notwithstanding the great defalcation of light occasioned by the eclipse.

1793 Ld. Auckland's Corr. II. 514 The duty, which last year produced 160,000l, is betted this year at under 50,000l; a terrible defalcation..especially after the falling off of the last quarter.

1801 Marquess Wellesley Let. 22 Jan. in Select. Despatches (1877) 202 The causes of this increasing defalcation of revenue are manifest, and daily acquire new strength.

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xiv. 122 Its tint varied with the angle of incidence, and had some relation to the defalcation of colour in the prismatic images.

1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. viii. 452 A serious defalcation of the public revenue was incurred.

4. Falling away, defection; shortcoming, failure, delinquency.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > [noun] > leaving undone

omissionc1400

leavinga1425

omittingc1450

pretermission1581

upsitting1680

defalcation1750

balking1783

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > disloyalty > [noun] > casting off allegiance

defection1542

revoltc1595

defalcation1750

1750 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 304 Its power would have been so much lessened by the defalcation of the vassal provinces.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. vi. 257 Defalcation of principle.

1820 C. Lamb in London Mag. Oct. 366/1 I..could almost have wept the defalcation of Iscariot.

1822 E. Nathan Langreath I. 192 Tears of..regret streamed down her cheeks at the defalcation of her vows to Dalton.

1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV IV. 158 The defalcation of one or two members from the league.

1868 M. E. Braddon Run to Earth III. i. 16 Pointing out Reginald's neglect, all his defalcations, the cruelty of his conduct to her.

5. A monetary deficiency through breach of trust by one who has the management or charge of funds; a fraudulent deficiency in money matters; also concrete (in plural), the amount so misappropriated.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > [noun]

misnimming?c1225

embezzlement1548

malversationc1550

falsity1581

misapplication1607

interverting1614

peculate1617

peculation1658

abstracting1669

plunderage1700

interversiona1754

conveyancing1754

misappropriation1794

abstraction1823

defalcation1832

malappropriation1848

teeming and lading1859

boodlery1886

bobol1907

chop-chop1966

liberation1966

1832 Deb. Congr. 9 May 911 The defalcations of postmasters.

1846 J. E. Worcester Universal Dict. Eng. Lang. Defalcation, a breach of trust by one who has charge or management of money.

1856 E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. Introd. 130 Although they had clamoured loudly of his defalcations..at the termination of his connection with them, the balance..was in his favour.

1866 Morning Star 20 Aug. 6/4 The ground of the action taken being an alleged defalcation to the extent of 11,000l.

1885 Manch. Examiner 6 July 4/7 The prosecutors estimate the defalcations at about £1,800.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	defalcation
释义	defalcationn. /diːfalˈkeɪʃən/ Etymology: < medieval Latin dēfalcātiōn-em, noun of action < dēfalcāre : see defalcate v. So modern French défalcation (18th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). †1. a. Diminution or reduction by taking away a part; cutting down, abatement, curtailment. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > curtailment wanec1315 abridginga1382 shortinga1390 abridgement1439 defalcation1476 shorteninga1542 retrenchmentc1600 abridge1611 amputation1664 castration1728 curtail1797 curtailment1799 clipping1839 1476 Will of Sir John Crosby (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/6) f. 187 An equall defalcacion or diminucion pounde poundelike penny pennylike and rate ratelike of all the legates aforesaide. 1526 Eltham Ordinances in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 139 To be corrected..by the checking and defalcation of their wages. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xii. 566/1 This treasonable defalcation and weakening of the roiall meanes. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 412 In such defalcation of measures by Cyrus allotted, he shewed little courtship to his master the Emperour. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 488. ¶2 The Tea Table shall be set forth every Morning with its Customary Bill of Fare, and without any manner of Defalcation. b. spec. Reduction of an account, claim, etc., by the amount of a counter-account or claim, allowed as a set-off. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > discount > [noun] > other money discounts defalcation1622 early bird1906 no-claims bonus1933 trade-in1940 rate rebate1965 multibuy1985 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 117 The Factor is to haue the benefit of the Salt in defalcation of the said fraight. 1830 C. Huston in Houk v. Foley 2 Pen. & W. (Pa.) 250 Defalcation is setting off another account or another contract—perhaps total want of consideration founded on fraud, imposition, or falsehood, is not defalcation: though, being relieved in the same way, they are blended. 2. a. The action or fact of cutting or lopping off or taking away; deduction. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > [noun] defalking1475 deduction1496 defeasance1516 detraction1528 subtraction1534 subduction1555 abating1557 ademption1590 subtracting1611 defalcation1624 retractiona1636 abate1646 deducing1651 dockage1886 1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 471 The defalcation of one kind is against the integritie of the substance of the Eucharist. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 145 If we be still our old selves..without defalcation of our corruptions, without addition of Grace. 1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 147 To allow twelve thousand Pds to y^e Farmers, by way of defalcation, out of ther Rents for y^e Customs. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 285 If these deductions and defalcations be made. 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 440 His Majesty..will order the Defalcation of the Sum adjudged to his Subjects. a1832 J. Bentham Mem. & Corr. in Wks. (1843) X. 69 The stock of knowledge..from which, after a certain period [of life], large defalcations are every minute making by the scythe of Time. b. A deduction; a diminution or abatement to which an amount (income, etc.) is liable, on account of debts or expenses. archaic. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses costningc1275 spense1297 costagesa1325 misesa1325 spenses1377 dispensec1380 expensesc1384 pensiona1387 costsc1390 resaillec1450 chargec1460 charges1514 outgiving1556 disbursement1607 going-outs1607 defalcation1622 outgoing1622 expense1632 outgoa1641 damage1755 outset1755 expenditure1791 outspend1859 ex1864 paid-out1883 outs1884 x's1894 1622 F. Markham Five Decades Epist. of Warre ii. iv. 55 After his debts and defaulcations are paid. 1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) Democritus to Rdr. 55 To defray this charge of warres, as also all other publicke defalcations, expences, fees, pensions. 1690 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso ii. 20 This inward Recompense is received, not only without any Defalcations, but with great improvements. 1701 W. Paterson Proposals Council of Trade 6 Repairs, risques damages by Fire and other defalcations. 1823 ‘G. Smith’ Not Paul, but Jesus p. iii A reprint..but with some defalcations, additions, and alterations. 3. Diminution suffered or sustained; falling off. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > declining or falling off declinea1327 fadea1400 paira1400 declining1481 vading1570 fall1590 hield1599 languishment1617 decay1636 defalcation1649 decidence1655 fall-off1676 falling off1761 fallaway1879 downswing1922 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar xi. i. §9 Nothing but a very great defalcation or ruin of a man's estate will..justify such a controversy. 1792 Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 82 27 The brightness of the moon, notwithstanding the great defalcation of light occasioned by the eclipse. 1793 Ld. Auckland's Corr. II. 514 The duty, which last year produced 160,000l, is betted this year at under 50,000l; a terrible defalcation..especially after the falling off of the last quarter. 1801 Marquess Wellesley Let. 22 Jan. in Select. Despatches (1877) 202 The causes of this increasing defalcation of revenue are manifest, and daily acquire new strength. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xiv. 122 Its tint varied with the angle of incidence, and had some relation to the defalcation of colour in the prismatic images. 1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. viii. 452 A serious defalcation of the public revenue was incurred. 4. Falling away, defection; shortcoming, failure, delinquency. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > [noun] > leaving undone omissionc1400 leavinga1425 omittingc1450 pretermission1581 upsitting1680 defalcation1750 balking1783 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > disloyalty > [noun] > casting off allegiance defection1542 revoltc1595 defalcation1750 1750 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 304 Its power would have been so much lessened by the defalcation of the vassal provinces. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. vi. 257 Defalcation of principle. 1820 C. Lamb in London Mag. Oct. 366/1 I..could almost have wept the defalcation of Iscariot. 1822 E. Nathan Langreath I. 192 Tears of..regret streamed down her cheeks at the defalcation of her vows to Dalton. 1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV IV. 158 The defalcation of one or two members from the league. 1868 M. E. Braddon Run to Earth III. i. 16 Pointing out Reginald's neglect, all his defalcations, the cruelty of his conduct to her. 5. A monetary deficiency through breach of trust by one who has the management or charge of funds; a fraudulent deficiency in money matters; also concrete (in plural), the amount so misappropriated. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > [noun] misnimming?c1225 embezzlement1548 malversationc1550 falsity1581 misapplication1607 interverting1614 peculate1617 peculation1658 abstracting1669 plunderage1700 interversiona1754 conveyancing1754 misappropriation1794 abstraction1823 defalcation1832 malappropriation1848 teeming and lading1859 boodlery1886 bobol1907 chop-chop1966 liberation1966 1832 Deb. Congr. 9 May 911 The defalcations of postmasters. 1846 J. E. Worcester Universal Dict. Eng. Lang. Defalcation, a breach of trust by one who has charge or management of money. 1856 E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. Introd. 130 Although they had clamoured loudly of his defalcations..at the termination of his connection with them, the balance..was in his favour. 1866 Morning Star 20 Aug. 6/4 The ground of the action taken being an alleged defalcation to the extent of 11,000l. 1885 Manch. Examiner 6 July 4/7 The prosecutors estimate the defalcations at about £1,800. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1476
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