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defamationn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French diffamation; Latin diffamation-, diffamatio. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman defamacion, defamation, Anglo-Norman and Middle French diffamacion, Middle French deffamation, diffamation (French diffamation ) slander, accusation (end of the 13th cent. or earlier in Old French), dishonour, disgrace, shame (c1330), legal action taken against a person in respect of slander or libel (late 14th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin diffamation-, diffamatio (also defamation-, defamatio) slander, accusation (both from 13th cent. in British sources; earlier in sense ‘publication’ (4th cent.)) < classical Latin diffāmāt- , past participial stem of diffāmāre defame v. + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Spanish difamación (late 14th cent.), Portuguese diffamação (15th cent. as †deffamações , plural), Italian diffamazione (beginning of the 14th cent.). Compare defame n., defaming n. N.E.D. (1894) also gives the pronunciation (dīfămēi·ʃən) /diːfəˈmeɪʃən/. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 313 (MED) Somtyme it were a greet diffamacioun [L. infame] for a man to vse more rynges þan oon. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) 7426 Þe dede ys confusyun, And more ys þe dyffamacyun. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 6 An Erchedekne..boldely dide execucioun In punysshynge of Fornicacioun Of wicchecraft and eek of Bawderye Of diffamacioun and auoutrye. ?c1450 tr. (1906) 164 (MED) The gret defamacion that fallithe bi that cause of brekinge of mariage yt were to longe forto reherce. a1500 (c1450) P. Idley (Arun.) (1935) ii. B. l. 2860 (MED) God gyffes þeron a dredffull sentence—Losse off goodes, hunger, and defamacion. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy (1901) I. ii. xvi. 193 Þe romanis has made þare playis allanerlie þis day to ȝoure diffamacioun & schame. 1633 W. Prynne i. 126 Their ayme is onely mens defamation, not their reformation. 1665 E. Maynwaring 94 Most places abound with base Medicines which brings defamation to Physitians. 1711 R. Steele No. 262. ⁋2 Any thing that may tend to the Defamation of particular Persons, Families, or Societies. 1795 J. J. C. Timaeus tr. F. Schiller ii. iii. 30 To dive into this ocean of impurity and defamation:—Is it not the very height of female weakness and depravity? 1859 Feb. 416/2 It is they who make their own defamation. 1864 20 375/1 Habits and pursuits which would bring upon him reviling, and defamation, and dishonour. 1992 F. Goldman i. 5 The defamation and disgrace that all such baby-selling rings brought upon the patria. 2. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > [noun] a1450 (1969) l. 671 Wyth lesyngys I tene boþe tour and town, Wyth letterys of defamacyoun I bere here in my box. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Nero) v. l. 4328 Wilful defamacionys. 1579 J. Harmar tr. J. Calvin xi. f. 78 God would in this commaundement generallie condemne all slaunders, all false reportes, all defamations. 1630 tr. G. Botero (rev. ed.) 113 Defamations breathed from the poyson of malice. 1633 W. Ames ii. 530 It was necessarie to speak againe for a good cause, lest diffamation should prævayl against it. a1677 I. Barrow (1678) vi. 223 No thread can stitch up a good name torn by calumnious defamation. 1771 T. Smollett I. 148 The public papers are become the infamous vehicles of the most cruel and perfidious defamation. 1833 M. Blessington I. xxiii. 297 A house now become hateful to him, as the scene of the defamation of his dear sister, and of the profanation of her name by the viper tongue of its mistress. 1880 L. Wallace iv. xiii. 261 The sheik spoke with the feeling of a man repelling a personal defamation. 1938 Dec. 34/1 Defamations, recriminations, and acts of violence were weapons employed by the protagonists. 1968 ‘A. D'Arcangelo’ 210 I know that women are referred to as ‘fish’ in fag-lang. But that's defamation. Clean women don't smell any more than do clean men. 2014 C. Knauer ii. 33 White supremacists used the defamation of black soldiers as a powerful strategy to disfranchise and degrade the black community. 1529 T. More i. vi. f. xiiiv The prest sued hym before the bysshoppys offycyall for dyffamacyon. 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in 129 Chrysostome may enter action against him of slaunder and defamation. 1647 H. Neville (Wing N512A) sig. B4 If any dare so much as point at you with their fingers, or call you Cuckold as formerly they did, if they doe, then have you civil Law on your side to punish them there, and an action at the Common law for defamation. 1709 R. Steele No. 105. ⁋4 The Father of Boniface brought his Action of Defamation..and recovered Dammages. 1726 J. Ayliffe 212 Diffamation, or Defamation..is the uttering of reproachful Speeches, or contumelious Language of any one, with an Intent of raising an ill Fame of the Party thus reproached; and this extends to Writing..and to Deeds. 1808 H. Leslie vi. 235 These honourable Doctors and Sheriffs instigated Mr Watson, the Procurator Fiscal to the Justices, to raise against me a prosecution for blasphemy and defamation. 1883 11 595 An advocate is protected from an action for defamation only when the words..he utters are spoken bonâ fide, and are relevant to the matters before the Court. 1952 25 Jan. 2/4 For the purposes of the law of defamation the Bill proposes that both sound and television broadcasts shall be treated as publication in permanent form. 1983 B. A. K. Rider vi. 286 Given the countervailing pressures of possible actions for defamation, breach of confidence and the like, the cards are stacked against the private informant. 2014 H. D. Aidi i. 15 When CNN aired a report..alleging terrorist activity in the tri-border area, Foz do Iguaçu's public prosecutor sued the..network for defamation. Phrases1794 Ranger Mar. in M. Hawke & R. Vincent I. 165 Envy now reared once more her venomed head, but she felt not its sting, nor those mortifying sensations which accompany the defamation of character. 1795 6 305/1 Many duels have, of late, been conducted... When..a defamation of character, or the like, occurs between the true sons of Britain, and they resolve on deciding it in a manner [etc.]. 1798 G. Moore II. xvi. 190 The third charge was in the name of the baron Sampieno, for false accusations, and defamation of character. 1812 1st Ser. 23 1050 In the case of Mr. St. John Mason, the loss of property had been attended with personal injury, and defamation of character. 1876 2 Sept. 220/1 Even..some of our more conservative newspapers..give currency to defamations of character, simply because the persons attacked happen to be candidates for a high office. 1913 H. C. Black v. 90 A judgment in an action of tort, as, for example, defamation of character or negligence causing personal injuries, would never be regarded as a part of one's income. 1996 (Nexis) 1 Oct. 8 Defamation of character and creating gossip are the greatest sins of all. 2015 F. G. Reamer vi. 240 Practitioners should also take steps to avoid using language that might constitute libel or slander, the two forms of defamation of character. Compounds1740 Table sig. Mm Act of Court on Return of a Process, and giving a Libel in a Defamation Cause. 1821 1 46/1 In defamation suits in the Ecclesiastical Courts, the Court will not require that it should be proved the defendant mentioned the name of the person defamed. 1848 8 Apr. 22/3 If this is imputing to Sir James Clark the sanctioning of the sale of quack medicine..it is a defamation case, and not a case for an injunction. 1881 31 Dec. 6/1 Mr. Justice Straight was rapidly recovering his health, and was expected to preside at the Fisher defamation trial. 1948 1 Mar. 20/3 A new law enacted in Utah..does not relieve broadcasters from liability under libel and defamation laws but..confines this liability to originating stations. 1991 L. Klar xix. 512 Since the real damage suffered as a result of defamatory material cannot be ascertained, it has been held that damages in defamation cases are ‘at large’. 2015 (Nexis) 13 May a6 I am filing this defamation lawsuit to set the record straight. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1387 |
