单词 | declining |
释义 | decliningn. The action of decline v. (Formerly frequent as a noun; now usually gerundial.) 1. Turning aside, falling away; = declension n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] degeneration?1481 declining1526 declination1533 depravation1561 villainy1564 declension1597 depravedness1623 decadency1632 degenerateness1640 depravity1643 depravement1645 degradation1663 degeneracy1664 degenerousness1678 marasmus1681 debasednessa1720 decadencea1734 demoralization1797 downgrade1857 decadentism1949 the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > undutifulness > dereliction of duty > [noun] defaulta1250 fail1297 declining1526 defection1532 declination1533 defect1540 delinquishment1593 declension1597 secession1601 delinquency1606 delinquence1613 deliquity1682 dereliction1778 derelictness1888 the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [noun] > desertion of one's party or principles recreandisea1425 declining1526 declination1533 back-turning1535 defect1540 revoltc1576 falling off1577 apostasy1578 tergiversation1583 declension1597 recreancy1602 starting1602 recreantness1611 recession1614 turncoating1624 recreancea1632 diffidation1640 withdrawment1640 tergiversating1654 turning1665 ratting1789 renegadism1823 turncoatery1841 defection1884 turncoatism1889 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 34 b Our general labour must stande in.. declynynge from euyll, and in dylygent workynge of good. 1574 T. Cartwright tr. W. Travers (title) Full and plaine declaration of ecclesiasticall discipline..and off the declininge off the churche off England. 1646 P. Bulkley Gospel-covenant iv. 347 In times of general declining. 1650 Exercitation conc. Usurped Powers 39 Partiall and temporary declinings in men from their said integritie. 2. Avoidance (obsolete); non-acceptance; refusal. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > courteous refusal declining1607 declination1618 declinement1680 declension1817 declinal1837 declinature1850 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 141 If any fall, or sit downe on the ground & cast away his weapon, they bite him not; taking that declining for submissiue pacification. a1640 P. Massinger Bashful Lover v. i. 173 in 3 New Playes (1655) There is now No contradiction or declining left, I must and will go on. 1786 F. Burney Diary 7 Aug. (1842) III. 64 To save myself from more open and awkward declinings. 3. Gradual sinking or descent; downward slope or declivity. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > sinking down settlingc1440 sinking1440 declining1601 subsiding1607 subsidency1650 sedation1661 sinking-in1678 subsidence1754 sinkage1783 settlement1793 the world > space > relative position > inclination > [noun] > inclination from the level or slope > downwards fall1538 downwith1593 declining1601 devexity1601 devex1627 declension1640 proneness1686 dip1708 versant1859 1601 W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca sig. A5 Being once brought to that declyning, they neuer leaue roulling, vntill they come to the bottome of vnhappinesse. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 145v Vpon the declyning of a hill the house is seated. a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xiii. 139 Plinie, in the deriuation of water, requireth one cubit of declining, in 240 foot of proceeding. a1703 J. Pomfret Poet. Wks. (1833) 9 A short and dubious bliss On the declining of a precipice. 4. Of the sun, etc.: Descent towards setting; hence of the day, one's life, etc.: Drawing to its close; = decline n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] > weakening or decline in health failinga1382 sickeninga1382 wasting1398 downhielda1400 dissolutionc1400 debilitationa1492 defailing1502 effeeblishing1540 faintingc1540 effeeblishment1545 enervationa1575 feeblishing1574 declining1588 decay1609 flagging1611 labefaction1620 feebling1624 sinking1625 deading1645 dejection1652 fail1654 emperiment1674 decline1770 sapping1825 breakdown1858 attenuation1868 the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > sunset sunsetOE settle-gangc1000 evensongc1330 sun going downa1382 setc1386 decline14.. sun restc1405 sun gate down1440 sunsetting1440 sun sitting?a1475 falling1555 sunsetting1575 downsetting1582 sunfall1582 declining1588 sun go down1595 tramontation1599 vail1609 daylight gate1613 sundown1620 set of day1623 dayset1633 day shutting1673 sky setting1683 sun-under1865 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. I viij Ye hicht and declyning of ye sone. a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters (1636) xxvii. 92 The going downe of our strength, and the declining of our age. a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) i. 64 In the declining of the year 1616. 5. Falling off, decay, decreasing, waning, etc.; = decline n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > declining or falling off declinea1327 fadea1400 paira1400 declining1481 vading1570 fall1590 hield1599 languishment1617 decay1636 defalcation1649 decidence1655 fall-off1676 falling off1761 fallaway1879 downswing1922 the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > fall from prosperous or thriving condition rureOE ebbingc1200 fallc1225 declinea1327 downfallingc1330 downfalla1400 fall of mana1400 wanea1400 ruinc1405 wrack1426 inclinationc1450 declination1533 labefactation1535 ebb1555 falling off1577 declining1581 inclining1590 declension1604 downset1608 neck-breaka1658 overseta1658 lapsing1665 reducement1667 lapse1680 labefaction1792 downshift1839 subsidence1839 downgrade1857 downturn1858 downslide1889 downswing1922 turn-down1957 tail-off1975 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. i. 131 Yf the sonne and therthe were of one lyke gretenesse, this shadowe shold haue none ende, but shold be all egal without declynyng. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. 159 All that..write of the declining and ruine of the Romain Empire. 1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xix. 2 Rest content, nor our declining rue. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 39* The next declining is, when law becomes now too straight for the secular manners, and those too loose for the cincture of law. 6. Grammar. = declension n. 4; formerly in wider sense: Inflection, including conjugation. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] accidenta1504 declining1565 flexion1614 inflection1668 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > declension declinationc1440 declension1565–78 declining1565 obliquity1668 1565–78 T. Cooper Thesaurus Introd. Nownes and verbes maye be knowne by their declining. 1599 R. Percyvall & J. Minsheu Spanish Gram. 35 The verbes Irregular (in which is found hardnes and difficultie to the learner for their declining). 1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 53 There are certaine Adjectiues which haue two manner of endings and declinings..both in us, and in is. 1720 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth 84 The Article, if plain, is of no manner of Use for the Declining of Nouns. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021). decliningadj. That declines: see the verb. 1. a. Having a downward inclination, sloping downwards; oblique. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > inclined from level or sloping > downwards devexc1420 declining1553 declined1591 declivy1609 declive1635 prone1655 declivous1684 pronate1703 coping1750 downgrade1858 declinous1864 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Bvv It standeth in a place somewhat declyning. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) iii. Defs. sig. Piv v This perpendicular..in directe solides falleth within the body, and vppon the base, but in declyning solides, it falleth without the bodies and bases. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. ii. 18 The height of the great Pyramid..is by its perpendicular..499 feet, by its declining ascent, 693 feet. 1792 Copper-plate Mag. No. 1 The mansion..is approached by a circular sweep through a declining lawn. 1802 F. W. Blagdon tr. P. S. Pallas Trav. Southern Provinces Russ. Empire I. 61 The Volga, which flows..through a gradually-declining valley. b. Dialling. Deviating from the prime vertical or meridian: see declination n. 9. ΚΠ 1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 4 All such plats as behold not some principall part of the world directly, are called Declining. The quantity of their declination is found out thus. 1640 Bp. J. Wilkins Disc. New Planet (1707) ii. 165 In all declining Dials, the Elevation of whose Pole is less than the Sun's greatest Declination. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. vii. xvi. 25 All Declining Planes lie in some Azimuth, and cross one another in the Zenith and Nadir. 1703 Moxon's Mech. Dyalling (ed. 4) in Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 311. 2. Bending or bowing down; drooping. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] > bending down bowingc1440 bending1567 declininga1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. i. 117 With..tempting kisses, And with declining head. View more context for this quotation 1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants (1796) III. 605 Pedicles declining, Flower-scales cloven. 1816 Ld. Byron Siege of Corinth xix. 28 Declining was his attitude. 3. Of the sun: Sinking towards setting; transferred of the day: Drawing to its close. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > [adjective] > setting decliningc1620 welking1630 westerning1851 sunsetty1860 the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [adjective] > ending decliningc1620 waning1767 deciduous1770 c1620 T. Robinson Mary Magdalene (1899) i. xliii. 375 The Sun peep'd in with his declininge raye. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 130 Nor end their Work, but with declining Day. View more context for this quotation 1833 H. Martineau Messrs. Vanderput & Snoek ix. 133 The beams of the declining sun glistering on the heaving surface. 1834 S. Rogers Poems 126 Till declining day, Thro' the green trellis shoots a crimson ray. 4. a. Falling off from vigour, excellence, or prosperity; becoming weaker or worse; failing, waning, decaying (in health, fortunes, etc.); in a decline. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [adjective] > falling from prosperous or thriving condition drooping1553 downhill1565 downfalling1573 declining1597 stooping1608 sinking1612 waninga1616 deliquescent1937 the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [adjective] > making or tending to downhill1565 declining1597 deformative1641 deteriorative1800 exhaustive1817 worsening1835 deteriorating1836 degenerative1846 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 241 In this declining land. View more context for this quotation 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes To Rdr. The long and still declining state of the Christian commonweale. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. vii. 94 I speak it to every declining tradesman. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. 401 The declining health of the emperor Constantius. 1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. i. iii. 121 This desolation is no accident of a declining empire. b. Of a person's age, life, years, etc. (Mixture of senses 3, 4.) ΚΠ 1614 S. Latham Falconry i. viii. 31 Towards their declining age. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ix, in tr. Virgil Wks. 483 Thus looks the Prop of my declining Years! 1780 S. Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 18 Apr. Declining life is a very awful scene. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 7 Such a sadness was the natural effect of declining years and failing powers. 5. That declines (jurisdiction); that refuses to accept, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [adjective] refusing1409 negative1576 declining1639 declinatory1673 ungiving1682 negativing1776 disavowing1828 1639 R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 155 A present excommunicating of all the declyning Bishops. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1481adj.1553 |
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