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单词 declining
释义

decliningn.

/dɪˈklʌɪnɪŋ/
Etymology: -ing suffix1.
The action of decline v. (Formerly frequent as a noun; now usually gerundial.)
1. Turning aside, falling away; = declension n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun]
degeneration?1481
declining1526
declination1533
depravation1561
villainy1564
declension1597
depravedness1623
decadency1632
degenerateness1640
depravity1643
depravement1645
degradation1663
degeneracy1664
degenerousness1678
marasmus1681
debasednessa1720
decadencea1734
demoralization1797
downgrade1857
decadentism1949
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > undutifulness > dereliction of duty > [noun]
defaulta1250
fail1297
declining1526
defection1532
declination1533
defect1540
delinquishment1593
declension1597
secession1601
delinquency1606
delinquence1613
deliquity1682
dereliction1778
derelictness1888
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [noun] > desertion of one's party or principles
recreandisea1425
declining1526
declination1533
back-turning1535
defect1540
revoltc1576
falling off1577
apostasy1578
tergiversation1583
declension1597
recreancy1602
starting1602
recreantness1611
recession1614
turncoating1624
recreancea1632
diffidation1640
withdrawment1640
tergiversating1654
turning1665
ratting1789
renegadism1823
turncoatery1841
defection1884
turncoatism1889
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 34 b Our general labour must stande in.. declynynge from euyll, and in dylygent workynge of good.
1574 T. Cartwright tr. W. Travers (title) Full and plaine declaration of ecclesiasticall discipline..and off the declininge off the churche off England.
1646 P. Bulkley Gospel-covenant iv. 347 In times of general declining.
1650 Exercitation conc. Usurped Powers 39 Partiall and temporary declinings in men from their said integritie.
2. Avoidance (obsolete); non-acceptance; refusal.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > courteous refusal
declining1607
declination1618
declinement1680
declension1817
declinal1837
declinature1850
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 141 If any fall, or sit downe on the ground & cast away his weapon, they bite him not; taking that declining for submissiue pacification.
a1640 P. Massinger Bashful Lover v. i. 173 in 3 New Playes (1655) There is now No contradiction or declining left, I must and will go on.
1786 F. Burney Diary 7 Aug. (1842) III. 64 To save myself from more open and awkward declinings.
3. Gradual sinking or descent; downward slope or declivity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > sinking down
settlingc1440
sinking1440
declining1601
subsiding1607
subsidency1650
sedation1661
sinking-in1678
subsidence1754
sinkage1783
settlement1793
the world > space > relative position > inclination > [noun] > inclination from the level or slope > downwards
fall1538
downwith1593
declining1601
devexity1601
devex1627
declension1640
proneness1686
dip1708
versant1859
1601 W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca sig. A5 Being once brought to that declyning, they neuer leaue roulling, vntill they come to the bottome of vnhappinesse.
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 145v Vpon the declyning of a hill the house is seated.
a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xiii. 139 Plinie, in the deriuation of water, requireth one cubit of declining, in 240 foot of proceeding.
a1703 J. Pomfret Poet. Wks. (1833) 9 A short and dubious bliss On the declining of a precipice.
4. Of the sun, etc.: Descent towards setting; hence of the day, one's life, etc.: Drawing to its close; = decline n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] > weakening or decline in health
failinga1382
sickeninga1382
wasting1398
downhielda1400
dissolutionc1400
debilitationa1492
defailing1502
effeeblishing1540
faintingc1540
effeeblishment1545
enervationa1575
feeblishing1574
declining1588
decay1609
flagging1611
labefaction1620
feebling1624
sinking1625
deading1645
dejection1652
fail1654
emperiment1674
decline1770
sapping1825
breakdown1858
attenuation1868
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > sunset
sunsetOE
settle-gangc1000
evensongc1330
sun going downa1382
setc1386
decline14..
sun restc1405
sun gate down1440
sunsetting1440
sun sitting?a1475
falling1555
sunsetting1575
downsetting1582
sunfall1582
declining1588
sun go down1595
tramontation1599
vail1609
daylight gate1613
sundown1620
set of day1623
dayset1633
day shutting1673
sky setting1683
sun-under1865
1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. I viij Ye hicht and declyning of ye sone.
a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters (1636) xxvii. 92 The going downe of our strength, and the declining of our age.
a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) i. 64 In the declining of the year 1616.
5. Falling off, decay, decreasing, waning, etc.; = decline n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > declining or falling off
declinea1327
fadea1400
paira1400
declining1481
vading1570
fall1590
hield1599
languishment1617
decay1636
defalcation1649
decidence1655
fall-off1676
falling off1761
fallaway1879
downswing1922
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > fall from prosperous or thriving condition
rureOE
ebbingc1200
fallc1225
declinea1327
downfallingc1330
downfalla1400
fall of mana1400
wanea1400
ruinc1405
wrack1426
inclinationc1450
declination1533
labefactation1535
ebb1555
falling off1577
declining1581
inclining1590
declension1604
downset1608
neck-breaka1658
overseta1658
lapsing1665
reducement1667
lapse1680
labefaction1792
downshift1839
subsidence1839
downgrade1857
downturn1858
downslide1889
downswing1922
turn-down1957
tail-off1975
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. i. 131 Yf the sonne and therthe were of one lyke gretenesse, this shadowe shold haue none ende, but shold be all egal without declynyng.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. 159 All that..write of the declining and ruine of the Romain Empire.
1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xix. 2 Rest content, nor our declining rue.
1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 39* The next declining is, when law becomes now too straight for the secular manners, and those too loose for the cincture of law.
6. Grammar. = declension n. 4; formerly in wider sense: Inflection, including conjugation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun]
accidenta1504
declining1565
flexion1614
inflection1668
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > declension
declinationc1440
declension1565–78
declining1565
obliquity1668
1565–78 T. Cooper Thesaurus Introd. Nownes and verbes maye be knowne by their declining.
1599 R. Percyvall & J. Minsheu Spanish Gram. 35 The verbes Irregular (in which is found hardnes and difficultie to the learner for their declining).
1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 53 There are certaine Adjectiues which haue two manner of endings and declinings..both in us, and in is.
1720 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth 84 The Article, if plain, is of no manner of Use for the Declining of Nouns.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

decliningadj.

Etymology: -ing suffix2.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: deˈclining.
That declines: see the verb.
1.
a. Having a downward inclination, sloping downwards; oblique.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > inclined from level or sloping > downwards
devexc1420
declining1553
declined1591
declivy1609
declive1635
prone1655
declivous1684
pronate1703
coping1750
downgrade1858
declinous1864
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Bvv It standeth in a place somewhat declyning.
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) iii. Defs. sig. Piv v This perpendicular..in directe solides falleth within the body, and vppon the base, but in declyning solides, it falleth without the bodies and bases.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. ii. 18 The height of the great Pyramid..is by its perpendicular..499 feet, by its declining ascent, 693 feet.
1792 Copper-plate Mag. No. 1 The mansion..is approached by a circular sweep through a declining lawn.
1802 F. W. Blagdon tr. P. S. Pallas Trav. Southern Provinces Russ. Empire I. 61 The Volga, which flows..through a gradually-declining valley.
b. Dialling. Deviating from the prime vertical or meridian: see declination n. 9.
ΚΠ
1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 4 All such plats as behold not some principall part of the world directly, are called Declining. The quantity of their declination is found out thus.
1640 Bp. J. Wilkins Disc. New Planet (1707) ii. 165 In all declining Dials, the Elevation of whose Pole is less than the Sun's greatest Declination.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. vii. xvi. 25 All Declining Planes lie in some Azimuth, and cross one another in the Zenith and Nadir.
1703 Moxon's Mech. Dyalling (ed. 4) in Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 311.
2. Bending or bowing down; drooping.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] > bending down
bowingc1440
bending1567
declininga1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. i. 117 With..tempting kisses, And with declining head. View more context for this quotation
1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants (1796) III. 605 Pedicles declining, Flower-scales cloven.
1816 Ld. Byron Siege of Corinth xix. 28 Declining was his attitude.
3. Of the sun: Sinking towards setting; transferred of the day: Drawing to its close.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > [adjective] > setting
decliningc1620
welking1630
westerning1851
sunsetty1860
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [adjective] > ending
decliningc1620
waning1767
deciduous1770
c1620 T. Robinson Mary Magdalene (1899) i. xliii. 375 The Sun peep'd in with his declininge raye.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 130 Nor end their Work, but with declining Day. View more context for this quotation
1833 H. Martineau Messrs. Vanderput & Snoek ix. 133 The beams of the declining sun glistering on the heaving surface.
1834 S. Rogers Poems 126 Till declining day, Thro' the green trellis shoots a crimson ray.
4.
a. Falling off from vigour, excellence, or prosperity; becoming weaker or worse; failing, waning, decaying (in health, fortunes, etc.); in a decline.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [adjective] > falling from prosperous or thriving condition
drooping1553
downhill1565
downfalling1573
declining1597
stooping1608
sinking1612
waninga1616
deliquescent1937
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [adjective] > making or tending to
downhill1565
declining1597
deformative1641
deteriorative1800
exhaustive1817
worsening1835
deteriorating1836
degenerative1846
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 241 In this declining land. View more context for this quotation
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes To Rdr. The long and still declining state of the Christian commonweale.
1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. vii. 94 I speak it to every declining tradesman.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. 401 The declining health of the emperor Constantius.
1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. i. iii. 121 This desolation is no accident of a declining empire.
b. Of a person's age, life, years, etc. (Mixture of senses 3, 4.)
ΚΠ
1614 S. Latham Falconry i. viii. 31 Towards their declining age.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ix, in tr. Virgil Wks. 483 Thus looks the Prop of my declining Years!
1780 S. Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 18 Apr. Declining life is a very awful scene.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 7 Such a sadness was the natural effect of declining years and failing powers.
5. That declines (jurisdiction); that refuses to accept, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [adjective]
refusing1409
negative1576
declining1639
declinatory1673
ungiving1682
negativing1776
disavowing1828
1639 R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 155 A present excommunicating of all the declyning Bishops.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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n.1481adj.1553
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